Switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system for satellite communications on the move

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of antennas and is a switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system for satellite communications in motion. The present invention has a layered structure, including a dual-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem, a dual-frequency dual-polarization polarization subsystem, a radome, and a mechanical subsystem. The mechanical subsystem is connected to the dual-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem, the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarization subsystem, and the radome via a motor and a belt; it also includes air gaps between the various layers of the structure; and each layer also includes a support structure connected to the mechanical subsystem via a switching mechanism. By arranging the antenna system in layers, the present invention improves gain and bandwidth while reducing size and cost, achieving effective frequency band separation and improving complete manufacturing control capabilities. Controlled by a separately established motor platform system, the antenna system can also achieve cross-zenith angle scanning in two frequency bands.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antennas, and in particular to a switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system for satellite communications in motion. Background Art

[0002] Modern satellite communications increasingly require maintaining real-time communications while objects move within the satellite's beam coverage area, necessitating an upgrade to mobile satellite communications. A key technology for this is a communication antenna on a moving object capable of real-time satellite tracking, known as a "mobile satellite antenna." Currently, there are two main types of practical mobile satellite antennas on the market, differentiated by beam steering method: active electronically scanned array antennas (AESA antennas) and mechanically scanned array antennas (MSA antennas).

[0003] Traditional MSA antennas are rotating dish antennas, also known as reflector antennas. Their high profile, large size, and slow steering speed significantly limit their application. AESA antennas are electronic digital phased array antennas, in which each antenna element has an analog transmitter / receiver module (TRM). This electronically creates phase shifts to steer the antenna beam without physically moving the antenna. Compared to traditional MSA antennas, the digitally controlled scanning characteristics of AESA antennas enable rapid antenna beam scanning. Furthermore, since each element in an AESA antenna has its own TRM, a single element failure does not hinder system operation, making the entire system relatively more reliable. However, the large number of TRMs used leads to high power consumption and complex power supply, resulting in higher costs for AESA antennas.

[0004] Antennas that combine the advantages of mechanical manipulation and electronically scanned array technology exist. ThinKomSolutions has invented a single-band variable tilt continuous transverse branch (VICTS) array antenna and developed a series of single-band VICTS satellite communication antennas on the move. These antennas use motors to control the phase of the beam to change the direction of the beam, resulting in a purely mechanical structure. Compared to traditional MSA reflector antennas, VICTS antennas have a low profile, eliminating the need for bulky reflectors. Compared to AESA antennas, VICTS antennas use mechanically controlled phase control, eliminating the need for extensive time-reduction (TRM) and significantly reducing power consumption. VICTS antennas offer a number of advantages over both MSA and AESA antennas, as listed below:

[0005] For a given gain-to-noise-temperature ratio (G / T), the aperture area of ​​the VICST antenna is 2.5 to 8 times smaller than that of the AESA antenna, while the VICTS antenna's profile is comparable to that of the AESA antenna.

[0006] The VICTS antenna's instantaneous bandwidth (IBW) ranges from 500 MHz to 2 GHz, which is 4 to 8 times wider than traditional AESA antennas with narrow IBWs of less than 125 MHz. This allows the VICTS antenna to cover the entire spectrum at once without the need for antenna beam re-steering.

[0007] Although mechanical, the VICTS antenna is highly flexible and can switch from one satellite to another in less than 800 milliseconds, which can be easily buffered by the modem for a seamless transition and a smooth user experience.

[0008] Compared to power-hungry AESA antennas, VICTS antennas consume significantly less power, eliminating the need for additional cooling systems. Most AESA antennas, on the other hand, require thermal management to prevent their electronics from overheating due to high power consumption, which places a strain on the power supply system.

[0009] The VICTS antenna has the advantage of large-area efficiency and is more reliable; in addition, it performs much better at low viewing angles and has demonstrated interoperability with both geostationary (GSO) and non-geostationary (NGSO) satellites.

[0010] However, the VICTS antenna has problems such as large size, insufficient gain and bandwidth, and lack of fixed angle.

[0011] There is an urgent need for a new antenna system that can solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0012] The present invention proposes a switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system for satellite communication in motion, which solves the problems of dual-band dual-polarization antenna systems in the prior art in terms of volume, weight, cost and flexibility.

[0013] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows: a switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system for satellite communication in motion has a layered structure, including a dual-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem, a dual-frequency dual-polarization polarization subsystem, and a dual-frequency layered antenna cover, and also includes a mechanical subsystem for controlling the switchable dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna system, wherein the mechanical subsystem is connected to the dual-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem and the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarization subsystem via a motor and a belt;

[0014] The dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem has a layered structure: one layer is a dual-band feeding network, which includes a dual-band slow-wave structure and two transitions from rectangular waveguides to the slow-wave structure; the transition connects the input / output rectangular waveguides to the dual-band slow-wave structure and provides a line source for it; the dual-band slow-wave structure is a two-dimensional groove grid structure orthogonally interwoven with slow-wave structures of two bands; the other layer is a dual-band VICTS electromagnetic radiator, which is an orthogonal integration of two single-band VICTS antenna arrays, with the long sides of the slots perpendicular to each other; interwoven into a two-dimensional matrix structure of metal blocks;

[0015] The dual-frequency dual-polarization polarimeter system includes two linear polarizers or two circular polarizers, or one linear polarizer and one circular polarizer. When the two bands are close enough, the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarimeter system can also be a linear polarizer or a circular polarizer. When operating in the linear polarization wave band, the E vector of the electromagnetic wave beam can be rotated; when operating in the circular polarization wave band, the linear polarization can be converted into a left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized wave.

[0016] It also includes the air gaps between the layers of the structure;

[0017] The mechanical subsystem includes a motor, which is connected to the dual-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem and the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarization subsystem via the motor and a belt;

[0018] Each layer further includes a support structure connected to the mechanical subsystem via a transition mechanism.

[0019] Furthermore, the transition from the rectangular waveguide to the slow-wave structure includes a standard rectangular waveguide, a twisted waveguide, a power divider in the rectangular waveguide as input / output, and a multi-adapter connected to a parallel plate waveguide; the power divider in the transition is arranged in the H plane or E plane of the rectangular waveguide.

[0020] Furthermore, the dual-frequency slow-wave feeding network includes two single-frequency slow-wave structures, and the grooves of the two single-frequency slow-wave structures are arranged vertically.

[0021] Furthermore, the mechanical subsystem includes a motor, a belt and a supporting structure, and the motor individually controls each layer of the structure except the antenna cover through the belt; and is connected to the dual-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem, the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarization subsystem and the antenna cover through a switching mechanism.

[0022] Furthermore, the radome is a dual-band or broadband sandwich structure.

[0023] Furthermore, the dual-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem and the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarization subsystem are layered dielectric material layers and the metal blocks are metal-plated lightweight plastic materials.

[0024] Also included is a dual-frequency rotary joint having two input / output ports.

[0025] The layered structure specifically consists of six independent layers; from the bottom: the first layer L1 includes a dual-frequency slow-wave structure and two transitions from standard waveguides to the slow-wave structure; the second layer L2 is a dual-frequency VICTS radiator; the third and fourth layers L3 and L4 are two independent plate layers, which are linear polarizers; the fifth layer L5 is a circular polarizer; the sixth layer L6 is a dual-frequency layered antenna cover; the dual-frequency layered antenna cover is fixedly set on the outer shell; the L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5 are respectively connected to independent motors.

[0026] The air gap is the gap between the six layers, which are: G0, G1, G2, G3 and G4 from the bottom; G0 is the air gap between the dual-frequency slow-wave structure and the dual-frequency VICTS radiator in the dual-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem; G1 is the air gap between the dual-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem and the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarimeter system; G2 is the air gap between the two plate layers of the linear polarizer in the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarimeter system; G3 is the air gap between the linear polarizer and the circular polarizer in the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarimeter system; G4 is the air gap between the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarimeter system and the dual-frequency antenna cover.

[0027] A motor module is also provided at the bottom of the switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system. The motor module includes two mechanically connected motors, two reducers, three bevel gears and a bottom support structure, and is connected to the switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system through a switching mechanism.

[0028] The disclosed switchable dual-band, dual-polarization VICTS antenna system for satellite communications in motion utilizes a layered antenna system to improve gain and bandwidth, effectively separate frequency bands, and enhance complete manufacturing control capabilities while reducing size and cost. Controlled by a separate motor platform system, the antenna system also achieves cross-zenith angle scanning in two frequency bands. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 : System block diagram of the present invention with an external tracking network;

[0031] Figure 2: Block diagram of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 : Transition from rectangular waveguide to slow-wave structure: (a) 3D view of the twisted waveguide, (b) 3D view of the twisted waveguide and the connected power divider, (c) 3D view of the waveguide twist joint, the power divider, and multiple adapters connected to the parallel plate waveguide (d) 3D view of the entire transition with the slow-wave structure;

[0033] Figure 4 : A side view schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 : Simulated return loss of the transition from rectangular waveguide to slow-wave structure in Ku band;

[0035] Figure 6 : A top view of the L1 layer of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7: Branch array in a single-band VICTS radiator;

[0037] Figure 8 :Top view of the dual-band VICTS radiator in the switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system;

[0038] Figure 9: Example of a dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem in the Ka and Ku bands: (a) 3D view; (b) side view;

[0039] Figure 10: Simulated radiation patterns of the embodiment when the rotation angle is 0 degrees: (a) 11.725 GHz, the center frequency of the Ku band; (b) 29.25 GHz, the center frequency of the Ka band;

[0040] FIG11 : Simulated radiation patterns of the embodiment when the rotation angle is 20 degrees: (a) 11.725 GHz, the center frequency of the Ku band; (b) 29.25 GHz, the center frequency of the Ka band;

[0041] Figure 12: Side view of the present invention when the beams of both bands are linearly polarized;

[0042] Figure 13 : A side view of the present invention when the beams of the two bands are both circularly polarized;

[0043] Figure 14 : A side view of the present invention when one of the beams of the two bands is circularly polarized and the other is linearly polarized;

[0044] Figure 15 : Promoted dual-band or broadband sandwich structure ultra-wideband multi-layer radome;

[0045] FIG16 is a partial three-dimensional diagram of the dual-band VICTS radiator of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 17 : Design embodiments of the rotating motor and belt in the machine subsystem of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 18: Simulation results for a design embodiment of the dual-band VICTS subsystem without the polarizer subsystem.

[0048] FIG19 : Bottom motor module of the present invention: (a) side view in horizontal position; (b) side view from another side when the antenna system is rotated 10 degrees;

[0049] Among them: 1. Motor; 2. Belt; 3. Waveguide port; 4. Waveguide torsional joint; 5. Power divider; 7. Slow-wave structure; 8. Slot; 9. Branch; 10. Stack; 11. Bracket; 12. Antenna system; Implementation Method

[0050] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] The present invention discloses a switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system for satellite communication in motion. The system has a layered structure and includes a dual-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem, a dual-frequency dual-polarization polarization subsystem, and a dual-frequency layered antenna cover. The system also includes a mechanical subsystem for controlling the switchable dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna system. The mechanical subsystem is connected to the dual-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem and the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarization subsystem via a motor and a belt 2.

[0052] The dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem has a layered structure: one layer is a dual-band feeding network, which includes a dual-band slow-wave structure 7 and two transitions from the rectangular waveguide to the slow-wave structure 7; the transition connects the input / output rectangular waveguide to the dual-band slow-wave structure 7 and provides a line source for it; the dual-band slow-wave structure 7 is a two-dimensional groove grid structure orthogonally interwoven with the slow-wave structures 7 of two bands; the other layer is a dual-band VICTS electromagnetic radiator, which is an orthogonal integration of two single-band VICTS antenna arrays, and the long sides of their slots 8 are perpendicular to each other; interwoven into a two-dimensional matrix structure of metal blocks; that is, the long sides of the slots of the two VICTS antenna arrays are perpendicular to each other; the E vector of the electromagnetic wave from the VICTS antenna radiation slot is perpendicular to the long side of the slot. If the radiation slots of the two single-band VICTS antennas are integrated into one and their long sides are perpendicular to each other, the electromagnetic waves from the two VICTS antennas will be able to radiate independently with two orthogonal linear polarizations.

[0053] The dual-frequency dual-polarization polarimeter system includes two linear polarizers or two circular polarizers, or one linear polarizer and one circular polarizer. When the two bands are close enough, the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarimeter system can also be a linear polarizer or a circular polarizer. When operating in the linear polarization wave band, the E vector of the electromagnetic wave beam can be rotated; when operating in the circular polarization wave band, the linear polarization can be converted into a left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized wave.

[0054] It also includes the air gaps between the layers of the structure;

[0055] The mechanical subsystem includes a motor, which is connected to the dual-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem and the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarization subsystem via the motor and belt 2;

[0056] Each layer further includes a support structure connected to the mechanical subsystem via a transition mechanism.

[0057] Furthermore, the transition from the rectangular waveguide to the slow-wave structure 7 includes a standard rectangular waveguide, a twisted waveguide, a power divider 5 in the rectangular waveguide as input / output, and a plurality of adapters connected to the parallel plate waveguide; the power divider 5 in the transition is arranged in the H plane or E plane of the rectangular waveguide.

[0058] Furthermore, the dual-frequency slow-wave feeding network includes two single-frequency slow-wave structures 7, the grooves of which are arranged vertically. Two electromagnetic waves with two orthogonal linear polarizations will be able to propagate independently in two perpendicular directions along the dual-frequency slow-wave junction. The dual-frequency slow-wave feeding network is arranged below the dual-frequency VICTS electromagnetic radiator, providing electromagnetic waves of two frequency bands to feed the dual-frequency VICTS electromagnetic radiator; further, the air gap between the dual-frequency VICTS electromagnetic radiator and the dual-frequency slow-wave feeding network has been optimized, achieving higher gain and wider bandwidth while suppressing side lobes.

[0059] Furthermore, the mechanical subsystem includes a motor, a belt 2 and a supporting structure. The motor individually controls each layer of the structure except the antenna cover through the belt 2; and is connected to the dual-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem, the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarization subsystem and the antenna cover through a switching mechanism.

[0060] Furthermore, the radome is a dual-band or broadband sandwich structure.

[0061] Furthermore, the dual-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem and the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarization subsystem are layered dielectric material layers and the metal blocks are metal-plated lightweight plastic materials.

[0062] Also included is a dual-band rotary connector with two input / output ports, supporting any combination of transmit (TX) and receive (RX) operations, such as TX / TX, RX / RX, and TX / RX.

[0063] As an example, in the Ka and Ku bands, the layered structure comprises six independent layers. From the bottom, the first layer, L1, includes a dual-frequency slow-wave structure 7 and two transitions from a standard waveguide to the slow-wave structure 7; the second layer, L2, is a dual-frequency VICTS radiator; the third and fourth layers, L3 and L4, are two independent plate layers, each serving as a linear polarizer; the fifth layer, L5, is a circular polarizer; and the sixth layer, L6, is a dual-frequency layered radome. The dual-frequency layered radome is fixed to the housing. Layers L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5 are each connected to an independent motor. The mechanical subsystem includes five mechanically connected motors, a belt 2, and a bottom support structure. The five motors are connected to each of the layers, L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5, via the belt 2.

[0064] The air gap is the gap between the six layers, which are: G0, G1, G2, G3 and G4 from the bottom; G0 is the air gap between the dual-frequency slow-wave structure 7 and the dual-frequency VICTS radiator in the dual-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem; G1 is the air gap between the dual-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem and the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarizer system; G2 is the air gap between the two plate layers of the linear polarizer in the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarizer system; G3 is the air gap between the linear polarizer and the circular polarizer in the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarizer system; G4 is the air gap between the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarizer system and the dual-frequency antenna cover.

[0065] A motor module is also provided at the bottom of the switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system. The motor module includes two mechanically connected motors, two reducers, three bevel gears and a bottom support structure, and is connected to the switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system through a switching mechanism.

[0066] Taking the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarization subsystem in the switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system as an example of a polarizer, the present invention includes the following subsystems: 1) A dual-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem, consisting of a dual-frequency VICTS electromagnetic radiator, a dual-frequency slow-wave structure 7 and two transitions from a standard waveguide to a slow-wave structure 7; 2) A dual-frequency dual-polarization polarization subsystem to support any combination of linear polarization and circular polarization; 3) A dual-frequency rotation joint that can connect the switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system to the input and output ports, supporting various combinations of transmitting Tx and receiving Rx, such as Tx / Tx, or Rx / Rx or Tx / Rx; 4) An ultra-wideband / dual-frequency multi-layer antenna cover; 5) An overall mechanical subsystem for supporting the dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system and control performance. The block diagram of the dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system together with the external tracking network is shown in FIG. Figure 1 .

[0067] A switchable dual-band, dual-polarized VICTS antenna system has been developed as a multi-layer structure designed for manufacturing and assembly. A switchable dual-band, dual-polarized VICTS antenna system operating in both the Ku and Ka bands has been designed as an example. The Ku-band receiver operates with a linearly polarized beam, while the Ka-band transmitter operates with a circularly polarized beam. This system is designed as a six-layer structure, each layer independently fabricated and assembled. Figure 2 shows a block diagram of this system. Starting from the bottom, the first layer, designated L1, is the dual-band feed network, consisting of a dual-band slow-wave structure 7 and two transitions from standard waveguides to the slow-wave structure 7. The second layer, designated L2, is the dual-band VICTS radiator. Further up, the linear polarizer is constructed, consisting of two separate layers, designated L3 and L4. This is followed by the circular polarizer, designated L5. Finally, the dual-band laminar radome, designated L6, is constructed. Furthermore, G0, G1, G2, G3, and G4 are the air gaps between these layers, which are optimized in their respective systems or between subsystems. Figure 2 In the example, G0 is the air gap between the dual-frequency slow-wave structure 7 and the dual-frequency VICTS radiator in the dual-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem, which is one of the parameters during the simulation optimization of the dual-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem; G1 is the air gap between the dual-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem and the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarization subsystem, which is simulated and optimized after the designs of the two subsystems are completed to achieve the optimal performance under the condition that the rotating machine performance is feasible; G2 is the air gap between the two polarization plates of the linear polarizer in the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarization subsystem, which is one of the design parameters of the linear polarizer. In addition to considering the design indicators of the linear polarizer, its optimization also needs to consider the requirements for machine performance during rotation; G3 is the air gap between the linear polarizer and the circular polarizer in the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarization subsystem, which is simulated and optimized after the design optimization of the linear polarizer and the circular polarizer is completed to achieve the optimal performance under the condition that the rotating machine performance is feasible; G4 is the air gap between the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarization subsystem and the dual-frequency layered antenna cover, The primary design considerations are the feasibility and reliability of machine assembly. Once the design optimization of each subsystem is complete, the G4 parameters can be determined through simulation of the entire antenna system 12. For designs in other bands, experienced professionals can apply this design principle to optimize the air gaps between each layer. Figure 4 The figure shows a side view of this multi-layer structure. L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5 are designed as independent panels. A mechanical subsystem consisting of five independent motors controls 360-degree rotation of each of these panels to achieve the desired performance. The L6 dual-band laminar radome is fixed to the antenna system 12 housing and does not require rotation.

[0068] Transition from rectangular waveguide to slow-wave structure 7

[0069] A transition from rectangular waveguide to slow-wave structure 7 has been innovatively designed to provide a line source for the dual-band slow-wave structure 7 feed network in the dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem. The transition includes a standard rectangular waveguide as input / output, a twisted waveguide, a rectangular waveguide power divider 5, and multiple adapters connecting the power divider 5 to the parallel plate waveguide, as shown in Figure 2. A three-dimensional diagram of the step-by-step design of this transition is shown in Figure 3 middle: Figure 3 (a) shows a 3D view of a twisted waveguide with waveguide port 3. Figure 3 (b) shows the twisted waveguide and the power divider 5 connected to it. In this example, power dividers 5 are designed with a range of one to sixteen. In practice, this range can be increased or decreased depending on the size of the antenna system 12. Furthermore, the power divider 5 in this example is designed in the H-plane, but can also be designed in the E-plane as needed. To improve bandwidth and gain and suppress sidelobes, the design of the power divider 5 has been optimized using a function-ratio method. Figure 3 (c) shows the twisted waveguide, the power divider 55 and sixteen adapters connected to the power divider 5 to complete the transition from the standard waveguide to the parallel plate waveguide through the power divider 5. Figure 3 (d) shows the entire transition design, including a portion of the slow-wave structure 7. The bandwidth of this transition structure from the standard rectangular waveguide to the slow-wave structure 7 is limited by the bandwidth of the rectangular waveguide itself. In this embodiment, the transition structures from the standard rectangular waveguide to the slow-wave structure 7 for the two bands are independent and can be designed separately to eliminate the bandwidth limitations of the rectangular waveguide itself. In this embodiment, two sets of transition structures from the standard rectangular waveguide to the slow-wave structure 7 have been designed for the Ku / Ka bands. The simulation results for the Ku-band transition structure are shown in Figure 5, and similar simulation results are obtained for the Ku-band transition structure.

[0070] Dual-frequency slow-wave structure 7

[0071] A dual-frequency slow-wave structure 7 has been innovatively designed to feed the dual-frequency VICTS electromagnetic radiator, while improving the bandwidth and gain of the dual-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem and suppressing side lobes. In a single-frequency waveguide, the slow-wave structure 7 can be designed by introducing grooves on the inner wall of the waveguide to adjust the phase of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the waveguide, which is often used in parallel plate waveguides. In order to provide a feeding network for the dual-frequency VICTS radiator, we have developed a dual-frequency slow-wave structure 7 by creatively integrating two single-frequency slow-wave structures 7 orthogonally, in which the long sides of the grooves in the two independent single-frequency slow-wave structures 7 are perpendicular to each other and interwoven on the inner wall of the waveguide to form a two-dimensional grid structure, so that the two electromagnetic waves can propagate independently along the dual-frequency slow-wave structure 7 in two perpendicular directions. The dual-frequency slow-wave feeding network is set below the dual-frequency VICTS electromagnetic radiator to provide two independent frequency bands of electromagnetic waves to feed into the dual-frequency VICTS electromagnetic radiator, see. Figure 4 Where G0 is the gap between the dual-frequency VICTS electromagnetic radiator and the dual-frequency slow-wave feeding network, see Figure 2 , which has been simulated and optimized to obtain higher gain and wider bandwidth.

[0072] The dual-frequency slow-wave structure 7 and the transition from the standard rectangular waveguide to the slow-wave structure 7 are connected to form the bottom layer L1 of the entire switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system. The layout of L1 in the embodiment of Ka and Ku bands is as follows: Figure 6 shown.

[0073] Dual-band VICTS radiator

[0074] The dual-band VICTS radiator was invented by integrating two single-band VICTS antennas together. Figure 7 shows a single-band VICTS array for comparison. In the VICTS antenna, the E vector of the electromagnetic wave radiating from the slot 8 is perpendicular to the long side of the slot 8. If the radiating slots 8 of the two single-band VICTS antennas are orthogonally integrated together, that is, the long sides of the branches 9 in the two single-band VICTS antennas are perpendicularly superimposed on each other and combined in a plane, a two-dimensional array of stacks 10 can be formed. Then, the electromagnetic waves operating in the two single-band VICTS antennas can operate independently and radiate independently through their respective radiating slots 8. For example, dual-band VICTS electromagnetic radiators have been developed and designed in the Ka and Ku bands, and their layout is shown in a top view. Figure 8 The developed dual-band VICTS radiator maintains all the advantages of a single-band VICTS antenna while enabling the two-band beam transmission / reception to share the same aperture, thus reducing the size of the Tx and Rx antenna systems 12 by 50%.

[0075] Assembly and optimization of dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem

[0076] The dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem includes a transition from a rectangular waveguide to a slow-wave structure 7, a dual-band slow-wave structure 7, and a dual-band VICTS radiator. This subsystem utilizes a layered design suitable for independently controlled rotation by electric motors. The dual-band slow-wave structure 7 and the transition from a standard rectangular waveguide to the slow-wave structure 7 are combined into a single layer, serving as the bottom layer L1 (see [1]). Figure 6 and Figure 9 , the dual-band VICTS electromagnetic radiator is designed as another layer, as the top layer L2, e.g. Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, these two layers are aligned as the upper and lower layers to form a dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem, see Figure 4 and Figure 9 To further improve the performance of the dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem, the air gap G0 between the top layer L1 and the bottom layer L2 of the dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem has been adjusted and optimized through simulation, see Figure 2 At the same time, the various parts and the entire dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem were optimized to improve the subsystem's in-band flatness, reduce signal leakage, and enhance the antenna's isolation, matching, bandwidth, gain, and efficiency.

[0077] One of the key advantages of single-band VICTS antennas is machine beam steering, and the dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem fully maintains this advantage. In a single-band VICTS antenna, when the long side of its slot 8 is parallel to the long side of the slot in the single-band slow-wave structure 7 feed network (set as the initial position), the linearly polarized electromagnetic wave emitted by the single-band VICTS antenna radiates outward in the Z direction, perpendicular to the plane of the VICTS radiator. As the slow-wave structure 7 feed network in the VICTS antenna rotates about the center of the VICTS radiator in the Z direction, the relative angle between the slot 8 of the VICTS radiator and the slot in the slow-wave structure 7 feed network, known as the rotation angle, increases from its initial position of 0 degrees. The direction of the electromagnetic wave's radiation beam deflects away from the Z direction, thus achieving beam steering. The angle between the beam and the Z direction is the pitch angle. As the rotation angle increases, the beam's pitch angle also increases. Similar to a single-band VICTS antenna, in a dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem, when the top layer L2 remains stationary and the bottom layer L1 rotates about the Z direction around the center of the antenna plane, the radiation direction of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna deviates from the Z direction, thus achieving beam steering. The two waveguide ports 3 in the dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem correspond to two bands. This dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem can switch from one band to the other for transmission or reception, and the two bands can operate independently.

[0078] The example design of dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem in Ku and Ka bands is shown in Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9 (a) and (b) show the three-dimensional view and side view of this subsystem respectively. When the rotation angle is 0 degrees and the antenna subsystem is in the initial position, the simulated radiation patterns of its Ku and Ka band examples are shown in Figure 10. In this example, the diameter of the dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem is 500 mm, where Figure 10 (a) shows the simulated radiation pattern of the center frequency of the Ku band, i.e. 11.725 GHz, and Figure 10 (b) shows the simulated radiation pattern of the center frequency of the Ka band, i.e. 29.25 GHz. These results are similar to those of single-frequency VICTS antennas of corresponding sizes and bands. When the rotation angle is 20 degrees, the simulated radiation pattern of the design example of this dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem is shown as follows: Figure 11 As shown, Figure 11 Figure 11 (a) shows the simulated radiation pattern for the Ku-band center frequency, 11.725 GHz, while Figure 11 (b) shows the simulated radiation pattern for the Ka-band center frequency, 29.25 GHz. Compared to the initial beam radiation direction, the beam direction significantly rotates when the rotation angle increases to 20 degrees, and the performance is comparable to that of a single-band VICTS antenna of corresponding size and band. Further simulation results are summarized in Tables 1 and 2. Table 1 shows the relationship between the rotation angle and beam gain and elevation angle at a frequency of 11.725 GHz; Table 2 shows the relationship between the rotation angle and waveguide gain and elevation angle at a frequency of 29.25 GHz. These results demonstrate that, at the corresponding size and band, the performance of the dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem is comparable to that of two single-band VICTS antennas. The dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem is a key innovation in the switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system, determining the span of the two frequency bands of the overall antenna system 12. Examples in this patent have demonstrated that the frequency difference between the two electromagnetic wave bands operating in the switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system can be as large as three times, such as from the Ku-band 10 GHz to the Ka-band 30 GHz. The switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system can be used in any two bands with a frequency difference of less than three times. For bands with a larger frequency difference, signal leakage in this switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system will increase at large rotation angles, affecting its antenna communication performance.

[0079] Table 1: Simulation of the design example of a dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem, showing the relationship between the rotation angle and gain and the elevation angle, at a frequency of 11.725 GHz. Its diameter is 500 mm.

[0080]

[0081] Table 2: Simulated rotation angle versus gain and elevation angle for a design example of a dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem at 29.25 GHz, with a diameter of 500 mm.

[0082]

[0083] Dual-frequency dual-polarization polarimetric subsystem

[0084] Without any external polarizers, the dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem generates two independent linearly polarized electromagnetic wave beams. A dual-band dual-polarization polarimeter system has been developed to support the polarization requirements of the electromagnetic wave beams of the dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system. This dual-band dual-polarization polarimeter system can operate in dual bands and support any combination of beam polarizations for the two independent bands, such as two linear polarizations, two circular polarizations, or one linear polarization and one circular polarization. The dual-band dual-polarization polarimeter system has been developed as a multi-layer structure to integrate into the multi-layer structure of the dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system. Based on the different polarization requirements of the beams in the two bands, the dual-band dual-polarization polarimeter system also has a corresponding combination of polarizer layers.

[0085] First, if both bands are linearly polarized, the dual-band dual-polarization polarimeter system will consist of a linear polarizer. When the two operating bands are far apart, the dual-band dual-polarization polarimeter system will consist of two linear polarizers operating in the two bands. Each linear polarizer is composed of two linear polarization plates, operating in their respective bands to rotate the direction of the beam's E vector, as shown in the following example: Figure 12 shown. Figure 12 The L1 and L2 layers in the VICTS antenna subsystem form a dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem; the L3 and L4 layers are two linear polarization plates of a linear polarizer, which can rotate the direction of the E vector of the beam when operating in one band to reduce the loss of satellite communication; the L5 and L6 layers are two linear polarization plates of another linear polarizer, which can rotate the direction of the E vector of its beam when operating in another band; when the two operating bands are close enough and can be covered by a broadband linear polarizer, the dual-band dual-polarization polarimeter subsystem can be simplified into a broadband polarimeter subsystem. Figure 12 The L5 and L6 layers in the CMOS will be removed, leaving only the L3 and L4 layers to form a broadband polarizer subsystem covering the operation of two bands.

[0086] Secondly, when the beams of the two bands are both circularly polarized, the dual-band dual-polarization polarimeter system will be composed of circular polarizers. When the two operating bands are far apart, the dual-band dual-polarization polarimeter system will be composed of two circular polarizers operating in the two bands. Each circular polarizer can be designed as a layer of circular polarization plate, such as Figure 13 shown. Figure 13 The L1 and L2 layers in the dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem form the L1 and L2 layers; the L3 and L4 layers are two circular polarizers, which can convert the linear polarization of the beam into circular polarization in their respective bands to meet the needs of satellite mobile communications. When the two operating bands are close enough to be covered by a broadband circular polarizer, the dual-band dual-polarization polarization subsystem can be further simplified into a broadband polarizer. Figure 13 The L4 layer can be removed, leaving only the L3 layer, the broadband polarizer subsystem, to cover operation in both bands.

[0087] Finally, when the beams of two bands are linearly polarized and the other circularly polarized, the dual-band dual-polarization polarimeter system is designed as a linear polarizer and a circular polarizer, operating in their respective bands. Figure 15 shown. Figure 15 The L1 and L2 layers are the dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem; the L3 and L4 layers are the two linear polarization plates of the linear polarizer, which can rotate the direction of the E vector of the beam in its operating band; the L5 layer is the circular polarization plate, which operates in another band to convert linear polarization to circular polarization.

[0088] The switchable dual-band dual-polarization polarization subsystem has been designed to operate in the Ka and Ku bands to support the polarization requirements of the antenna system 12 in the Ka and Ku bands. In satellite communications, the Ku band beam is a linearly polarized wave, and the Ka band beam is a circularly polarized wave. Figure 14 The dual-frequency dual-polarization polarimeter system shown is used. The dual-frequency dual-polarization polarimeter system includes a linear polarizer operating in the Ku band and a circular polarizer operating in the Ka band.

[0089] The dual-band dual-polarization polarization subsystem, together with the dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem for Ka and Ku bands, realizes the reception and transmission of Ka and Ku band satellite communications. Experienced professionals can design suitable linear polarizers and circular polarizers according to needs and existing mature technologies. Here, as an example, a zigzag line circular polarizer is recommended and designed for application in the Ka / Ku band. When circularly polarized waves are required for operation in the Ka band, the circular polarization plate is set at a specific angle position to convert linearly polarized waves into circularly polarized waves; when linearly polarized waves are required for operation in the Ku band, this circular polarization plate is set at another specific angle position to allow linearly polarized electromagnetic waves to pass through with low insertion loss without changing their polarization mode. This zigzag line circular polarization plate uses three layers of metal zigzag line layers. The metal zigzag lines are etched on a medium of suitable thickness using mature printed circuit board technology, and then glued together. See. Figure 4 and Figure 14 The L5 layer in the circular polarization plate layer L5 is rotated by a motor. In addition, for the linear polarization Ku band, a metal wire grid linear polarizer is adopted and designed and optimized for application in the Ka / Ku band. This linear polarizer consists of two layers, namely Figure 4 and Figure 14 The two layers L3 and L4 shown can rotate independently, driven by separate motors. When the antenna system 12 operates in the linearly polarized Ku-band, the two polarization plates (L3 and L4) of the linear polarizer are driven by motors to rotate the E-vector direction of the received or transmitted electromagnetic wave beam to facilitate communication with the satellite. When the antenna system 12 operates in the circularly polarized Ka-band, the two polarization plates of the linear polarizer are positioned at specific angles to allow for low insertion loss transmission of the electromagnetic wave beam.

[0090] To verify the dual-band, dual-polarization polarimetric subsystem, a 100 mm diameter Ka / Ku-band dual-band, dual-polarization polarimetric subsystem and a VICTS antenna subsystem were simulated using the High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). Due to computer computing power and memory limitations, a single-band VICST antenna subsystem was used in this simulation model. This choice did not affect the performance and verification of the dual-band, dual-polarization polarimetric subsystem. The simulation results are listed in Tables 3 and 4, respectively. Table 3 shows the gain simulation results at different frequencies for the single-band VICTS antenna subsystem alone and the dual-band, dual-polarization polarimetric subsystem when operating with circularly polarized Ka-band waves. During the simulation, the VICTS antenna subsystem was in its initial position. The linear polarization plates L2 and L3 were positioned to allow electromagnetic waves to pass through with low insertion loss without changing their polarization. The circular polarizer (L5) was set at a specific angle to convert linearly polarized waves to circularly polarized waves. Table 4 shows the gain simulation results at different frequencies for a single-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem and a dual-frequency, dual-polarization subsystem for Ku-band linearly polarized waves. During the simulations, the antenna system 12 was also in its initial position. The circular polarizer (L5) was set at a specific angle to allow linearly polarized electromagnetic waves to pass through with low insertion loss without changing their polarization. The L2 and L3 linear polarization plates were rotated by a motor connected to belt 2 to rotate the E vector of the received or transmitted electromagnetic wave beam. A comparison of the results in Tables 3 and 4 shows that the insertion loss of the dual-frequency, dual-receiving polarizer subsystem is less than 0.4 dB for both the Ka and Ku bands.

[0091] Table 3: Comparison of simulated gain of a single-frequency VICST antenna with and without a DBDP polarimetric subsystem at Ka-band and initial position. Gain is in dB. The system diameter is 100 mm.

[0092]

[0093] Table 4: Comparison of simulated gain of a single-frequency VICST antenna with and without a DBDP polarimetric subsystem at Ku-band and initial position. Gain is in dB. The system diameter is 100 mm.

[0094]

[0095] Dual-frequency rotation joint

[0096] The switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system can operate in two independent bands and switch between them. A dual-frequency rotary joint is introduced in this system to achieve the system switching operation between the two bands, see Figure 1Technical personnel with professional knowledge and experience can select existing commercial dual-band rotary joints to support different combinations of TX / TX, RX / RX and TX / RX according to band requirements.

[0097] Dual-band multi-layer radome

[0098] Like other in-motion antennas, a switchable dual-band, dual-polarization VICTS antenna system operating outdoors requires a radome to protect it from environmental influences. This radome must have a sufficiently wide bandwidth or be capable of dual-band and dual-polarization operation, allowing both electromagnetic beams of the dual-band, dual-polarization system to penetrate with low insertion loss without degrading the antenna's performance in either band. Experienced technicians can design a radome for the switchable dual-band, dual-polarization VICTS antenna system, selecting existing broadband or dual-band radome technologies based on the required bands. This paper proposes and designs ultra-broadband / dual-band, single-layer / multi-layer radomes for the switchable dual-band, dual-polarization VICTS antenna system in the Ka and Ku bands as design examples. The proposed radome design technology is a multi-layer radome for dual-polarization satellite communications, utilizing an A-type sandwich structure, as shown in Figure 15. A dual-band A-type sandwich-structured radome for the Ka and Ku bands has been designed and incorporated into the aforementioned VICST antenna subsystem and dual-band, dual-polarization subsystem design examples. HFSS simulations were performed, and the Ku- and Ka-band results are summarized in Tables 5 and 6, respectively. The model has a diameter of 100 mm. Due to computer power and memory limitations, a single-band VICST antenna subsystem was used in this simulation; this choice does not affect the performance and verification of the radome. The results show that this dual-band radome has minimal impact on the gain of the switchable, dual-band, dual-polarization VICTS antenna system. In the Ku band, the insertion loss is less than 0.1 dB, and in the Ka band, the gain is slightly increased.

[0099] Table 5: Comparison of simulated gain of a single-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem and a dual-frequency dual-polarization subsystem with and without a radome at Ku-band, with a diameter of 100 mm and set in the initial position.

[0100]

[0101] Table 6: Comparison of simulated gain of a single-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem and a dual-frequency dual-polarization subsystem with and without a radome at Ka-band, with a diameter of 100 mm and in the initial position.

[0102]

[0103] A major feature of the switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system is that its manufacturing is suitable for multi-layer processing and is designed for manufacturing and assembly. The switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system is designed as a multi-layer structure, and each layer can be manufactured separately. The dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem consists of two layers, L1 and L2, see Figure 4 and Figure 9 The VICTS radiator in this subsystem is designed as the L2 layer, a two-dimensional array of metal blocks. The gaps (8) are filled with foam on the top and bottom, and reinforced with dielectric material panels. To reduce weight, all metal blocks are replaced with lightweight plastic blocks with metallized surfaces. Figure 16 A 3D view of a portion of the L2 layer shows the array of metal blocks within the foam filling. This is then assembled with a support structure that rotates with motors, as shown in Figure 17. Each layer is rotated by its own motor to enable beam steering of the switchable dual-band, dual-polarization VICTS antenna system for real-time mobile satellite communications.

[0104] In a switchable dual-band, dual-polarization VICTS antenna system, the scanning coverage varies across different frequencies within the entire band. Figures 18 (a) and (b) show the simulated gain as a function of elevation angle for a design example of a switchable dual-band, dual-polarization VICTS antenna system in the Ku / Ka bands. The results show that only one electromagnetic wave beam at the center frequency of the entire band can pass through the zenith angle. In this design example, the electromagnetic wave beam at the center frequency of 11.725 GHz in the Ku band passes through the zenith angle, while the electromagnetic wave beam at the center frequency of 29.25 GHz in the Ka band passes through the zenith angle. To overcome this shortcoming and simultaneously improve scanning coverage, an independent motor module rotation platform is creatively incorporated into the base of the switchable dual-band, dual-polarization VICTS antenna system to support ultra-wide elevation scanning coverage and enable scanning of the full frequency band of both bands through the zenith angle. In order to provide stable operation, this motor module has been designed as a dual-motor rotary platform, which mainly consists of two motors, two reducers, three bevel gears and a bottom support structure. It is connected to the switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system through a transmission mechanism, such as Figure 19Figure 19(a) shows a side view of the switchable dual-band, dual-polarization VICTS antenna system supported by a dual-motor rotating platform in its initial horizontal position; Figure 19(b) shows a side view of the other side of the dual-motor rotating platform after it has rotated 10 degrees. When the two motors rotate simultaneously at the same speed and in the same direction, the switchable dual-band, dual-polarization VICTS antenna system supported by the rotating platform undergoes pitch motion; when the two motors rotate in opposite directions at the same speed, the switchable dual-band, dual-polarization VICTS antenna system located above the rotating platform can move horizontally.

[0105] This design overcomes the shortcoming of the VICTS antenna's inability to scan overhead across the entire frequency band, enabling the switchable dual-band, dual-polarization VICTS antenna system to support full-band zenith angle scanning and extending the scanning range of the switchable dual-band, dual-polarization VICTS antenna system to an ultra-wide elevation angle scanning range in both bands. For example, simulation results of design examples in the Ka and Ku bands show that the elevation angle scanning range of the switchable dual-band, dual-polarization VICTS antenna system extends to 0 to ±90 degrees in the Ku band and to 0 to ±65 degrees in the Ka band.

[0106] Switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system

[0107] This invention has been optimized to achieve antenna performance nearly comparable to that of two existing single-band VICTS antenna systems. Its advantages include no / low mutual coupling, constant "active" impedance, no grating lobes, no blind spots, a wide scanning range, and high efficiency. It can be mass-produced using plastic and metal electroplating manufacturing processes, reducing weight. Compared to two single-band VICTS systems operating in two independent frequency bands, the switchable dual-band, dual-polarization VICTS system reduces size by nearly 50% and saves at least 40% in cost. The invention utilizes independent, centralized low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) / power amplifiers (PAs), facilitating system upgrades, replacements, thermal management, and cost control. Compared to traditional active electronically scanned array (AESA) systems, it offers lower power consumption, eliminates the need for cooling systems, and utilizes fewer components, resulting in a longer mean time between failures (MTBF) and higher reliability. With fewer components, significantly fewer suppliers are required, making vertically integrated manufacturing easier. The present invention has greater advantages in millimeter wave bands, such as Ku, Ka, Q, V, E and W bands; the present invention can be widely applied to the satellite mobile communication market, such as multi-beam systems of LEO / MEO user terminals, gateway systems, mobile terminals and space payload systems, which can greatly reduce the cost, volume and weight of the entire system.

[0108] The disclosed switchable dual-band, dual-polarization VICTS antenna system for satellite communications in motion utilizes a layered antenna system 12, improving gain and bandwidth while reducing size and cost, achieving effective frequency band separation and enhancing complete manufacturing control capabilities. Controlled by a separate motor platform system, the antenna system 12 also enables cross-zenith angle scanning across two frequency bands.

[0109] Of course, without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, technicians familiar with the field should be able to make various corresponding changes and modifications based on the present invention, but these corresponding changes and modifications should all fall within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system for satellite communications in motion, having a layered structure, comprising a dual-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem, a dual-frequency dual-polarization polarization subsystem, and a dual-frequency layered radome, characterized by: Also included is a mechanical subsystem for controlling a switchable dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna system, wherein the mechanical subsystem is connected to the dual-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem and the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarization subsystem via a motor and a belt; The dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem has a layered structure: one layer is a dual-band feeding network, which includes a dual-band slow-wave structure and two transitions from rectangular waveguides to the slow-wave structure; the transitions connect the input / output rectangular waveguides to the dual-band slow-wave structure and provide a line source for it; the dual-band slow-wave structure is a two-dimensional groove grid structure in which the slow-wave structures of two bands are orthogonally interwoven; The other layer is a dual-band VICTS electromagnetic radiator, which is an orthogonal integration of two single-band VICTS antenna arrays, with the long sides of the gaps perpendicular to each other; interwoven into a two-dimensional matrix structure of metal blocks; The dual-frequency dual-polarization polarization subsystem includes two linear polarizers or two circular polarizers, or one linear polarizer and one circular polarizer; when operating in the linear polarization wave band, the E vector of the electromagnetic wave beam can be rotated; when operating in the circular polarization wave band, the linear polarization can be converted into left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized waves; It also includes the air gaps between the layers of the structure; The mechanical subsystem includes a motor, which is connected to the dual-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem and the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarization subsystem via the motor and a belt; Each layer further includes a support structure connected to the mechanical subsystem via a transition mechanism.

2. The switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system for satellite communication on the move according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transition from the rectangular waveguide to the slow-wave structure includes a standard rectangular waveguide, a twisted waveguide, a power divider in the rectangular waveguide as input / output, and an adapter connected to a parallel plate waveguide; the power divider in the transition is set in the H plane or E plane of the rectangular waveguide.

3. The switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system for satellite communication on the move according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dual-frequency slow-wave feeding network includes two single-frequency slow-wave structures, and the grooves of the two single-frequency slow-wave structures are vertically arranged.

4. The switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system for satellite communication in motion according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The mechanical subsystem includes a motor, a belt and a supporting structure. The motor controls each layer of the structure except the radome separately through the belt; and is connected to the dual-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem, the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarization subsystem and the radome through a switching mechanism.

5. The switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system for satellite communication on the move according to claim 4, characterized in that: The radome is a dual-band or broadband sandwich structure.

6. The switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system for satellite communication on the move according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dual-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem and the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarization subsystem are layered dielectric material layers. The dual-frequency VICTS antenna subsystem is a two-dimensional array of metal blocks, and the metal blocks are light plastic materials plated with metal.

7. The switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system for satellite communication on the move according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also included is a dual-frequency rotary joint having two input / output ports.

8. The switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system for satellite communication on the move according to claim 7, characterized in that: The layered structure specifically comprises six independent layers; from the bottom, the first layer L1 comprises a dual-frequency slow-wave structure and two transitions from standard waveguides to the slow-wave structure; the second layer L2 is a dual-frequency VICTS radiator; the third and fourth layers L3 and L4 are two independent plate layers, respectively, and are linear polarizers; the fifth layer L5 is a circular polarizer; the sixth layer L6 is a dual-frequency layered radome; the dual-frequency layered radome is fixedly mounted on the housing; The L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5 are respectively connected to independent motors.

9. The switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system for satellite communication on the move according to claim 8, characterized in that: The air gap is the gap between the six layers, which are: G0, G1, G2, G3 and G4 from the bottom; G0 is the air gap between the dual-band slow-wave structure and the dual-band VICTS radiator in the dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem; G1 is the air gap between the dual-band VICTS antenna subsystem and the dual-band dual-polarization subsystem; G2 is the air gap between the two plates of the linear polarizer in the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarimeter system; G3 is the air gap between the linear polarizer and the circular polarizer in the dual-frequency dual-polarization polarimeter system; G4 is the air gap between the dual-band dual-polarization polarization subsystem and the dual-band radome.

10. The switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system for satellite communication on the move according to claim 8, characterized in that: A motor module is also provided at the bottom of the switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system. The motor module includes two mechanically connected motors, two reducers, three bevel gears and a bottom support structure, and is connected to the switchable dual-band dual-polarization VICTS antenna system through a switching mechanism.

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