First device, method and apparatus for adjusting size of contention window

Abstract

Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an apparatus, a method, a device, and a computer readable storage medium for hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback for adjusting a contention window size for communication in an unlicensed band. In example embodiments, if a failure of a transmission in an unlicensed band is determined, the apparatus determines a cause of the failure of the transmission based on reception information associated with a transmission collision. Then, the apparatus adjusts a size of a contention window for a listen before talk procedure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The exemplary embodiments of this disclosure generally relate to the field of communications, and more particularly to methods, apparatus and computer-readable storage media for adjusting the contention window size (CWS) of communications in an unlicensed frequency band. Background Technology

[0002] In telecommunications networks such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks or next-generation 5G networks, sidelink communication between User Equipment (UEs) via the ProSe Communication 5 (PC5) radio interface can be supported. In sidelink communication, UEs can communicate directly with each other via the PC5 radio interface on the sidelink channel. Furthermore, sidelink communication offers several benefits, such as extended coverage, enhanced service reliability, and potentially lower latency.

[0003] In particular, unlicensed technologies may need to comply with regulatory consistency requirements, such as Listen-After-Speak (LBT) regulations, to ensure fairness with other UEs sharing the unlicensed spectrum (e.g., UEs using Wi-Fi mechanisms). During LBT, the transmitting (Tx) UE performs LBT operations within a contention window before transmission, and the UE can only perform a transmission if the channel is detected as idle for the entire duration of the contention window. The Tx UE then learns the reception status at the receiving UE based on Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) feedback to determine the need for sidelink retransmissions. If NACK feedback is received, the Tx UE can adjust the contention window size accordingly before sidelink retransmissions to further ensure fairness with other UEs sharing the unlicensed spectrum. Therefore, contention window size adjustment is a significant issue in communications within shared unlicensed spectrum. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In general, exemplary embodiments of this disclosure provide devices, methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable storage media for adjusting CWS to communicate in an unlicensed frequency band.

[0005] In a first aspect, an apparatus is provided, comprising at least one processor and at least one memory containing computer program code. The at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, together with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus to determine the occurrence of a transmission failure in an unlicensed frequency band. Furthermore, the apparatus is configured to determine the cause of the transmission failure based on received information associated with a transmission collision. Additionally, the apparatus is configured to adjust the size of a contention window used for a listen-before-speak process based on the cause of the transmission failure.

[0006] In a second aspect, a method is provided. In this method, the occurrence of a transmission failure in an unlicensed frequency band is determined. Furthermore, the cause of the transmission failure is determined based on received information associated with a transmission collision. Additionally, the size of the contention window used for the listen-before-speak process is adjusted based on the cause of the transmission failure.

[0007] In a third aspect, an apparatus is provided that includes components for performing the method according to the second aspect.

[0008] In a fourth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, the medium including program instructions stored thereon. When executed by a processor of a device, the instructions cause the device to perform the method according to the second aspect.

[0009] It should be understood that the overview section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Other features of this disclosure will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Some exemplary embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0011] Figure 1 The CWS modulation process in the new Radio Unlicensed (NR-U) band is illustrated;

[0012] Figure 2 A simplified block diagram of an environment in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented is shown;

[0013] Figure 3 The Channel Occupancy Time (COT) is shown as obtained via LBT Type 1.

[0014] Figure 4 Signaling flows between devices according to some example embodiments of this disclosure are shown;

[0015] Figure 5 Example procedures for regulating CWS are shown according to some example embodiments of this disclosure;

[0016] Figure 6 A flowchart of an example method according to some example embodiments of this disclosure is shown;

[0017] Figure 7 A simplified block diagram of an apparatus suitable for implementing an example embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0018] Throughout the accompanying drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The principles of this disclosure will now be described with reference to some exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these exemplary embodiments are described merely for illustration and to help those skilled in the art understand and implement this disclosure, and do not imply any limitation on the scope of this disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various other ways besides those described below.

[0020] In the following description and claims, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0021] As used herein, the term "network device" refers to a device that can provide services to terminal devices in a communication network. For example, a network device can include a base station. As used herein, the term "base station" (BS) refers to a network device that can provide services to terminal devices in a communication network. A base station can include any suitable device through which a terminal device or UE can access a communication network. Examples of base stations include relays, access points (APs), transport points (TRPs), Node Bs (NodeBs or NBs), evolved Node Bs (eNodeBs), new radio (NR) Node Bs (gNBs), remote radio modules (RRUs), radio headers (RHs), remote radio headends (RRHs), low-power nodes (such as femtoseconds, picoseconds), etc.

[0022] As used herein, the terms "terminal device" or "user equipment" refer to any terminal device capable of wirelessly communicating with each other or with a base station. Communication may involve transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic signals, radio waves, infrared signals, and / or other types of signals suitable for transmitting information over the air. In some example embodiments, the UE may be configured to transmit and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For example, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to a request from the network side or another UE, the UE may transmit information to a base station or another UE according to a predetermined schedule.

[0023] Examples of UEs include, but are not limited to, smartphones, wireless tablets, laptop embedded devices (LEEs), laptop mounted devices (LMEs), wireless customer premises equipment (CPEs), sensors, metering devices, personal wearable devices (such as watches), and / or vehicles capable of communication. For discussion purposes, some exemplary embodiments will be described with reference to UEs as examples of terminal devices, and the terms "terminal device" and "user equipment" (UE) may be used interchangeably in the context of this disclosure.

[0024] As used herein, the term "circuit" may refer to one or more, or all of the following:

[0025] (a) Pure hardware circuit implementation (such as implementation using only analog and / or digital circuit systems), and

[0026] (b) A combination of hardware circuitry and software, such as (if applicable):

[0027] (i) A combination of (multiple) analog and / or digital hardware circuits and software / firmware, and

[0028] (ii) Any part of a hardware processor (including a digital signal processor), software, and memory (multiple processors), which work together to enable a device (such as a mobile phone or a server) to perform various functions, and

[0029] (c) (Multiple) hardware circuits and / or (multiple) processors, such as (multiple) microprocessors or a portion thereof, which require software (e.g., firmware) to operate, but may not exist when operation is not required.

[0030] The definition of "circuit system" applies to all uses of the term in this application, including in any claim. As another example, as used in this application, the term "circuit system" also covers implementations of only hardware circuitry or processors (or processors) or portions thereof and their accompanying software and / or firmware. For instance, if applicable to a particular claim element, the term "circuit system" also covers baseband integrated circuits or processor integrated circuits for mobile devices, or similar integrated circuits in servers, cellular base stations, or other computing or base stations.

[0031] As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” also include the plural forms, unless the context explicitly specifies otherwise. The term “comprising” and its variations should be understood as open terms meaning “including, but not limited to.” The term “based on” should be understood as “at least partially based on.” The terms “one embodiment” and “embodiment” should be understood as “at least one embodiment.” The term “another embodiment” should be understood as “at least one other embodiment.” Other explicit and implicit definitions may be included below.

[0032] As used herein, the terms “first,” “second,” etc., may be used to describe various elements, and these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element may be referred to as a second element, and similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element, without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.

[0033] Figure 1 The CWS modulation process in the NR-U band is illustrated. Figure 1As shown, if the gNB's transmission is on the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) associated with the channel access priority level p, the gNB maintains the CWS using the following steps prior to step 1) of the contention window adjustment process for these transmissions. p And adjust CW p :

[0034] Step 1) For each priority level p∈{1,2,3,4}, set CW p =CW min,p .

[0035] Step 2) If the Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) acknowledgment (ACK) is received in the CW p If the final update is available, proceed to step 3. Otherwise, if the gNB transmission does not include retransmissions, or if it is in conjunction with CW... p The earliest DL channel occupancy after the last update corresponds to the duration T after the reference duration ends. w If the transfer is internal, proceed to step 5; otherwise, proceed to step 4.

[0036] Step 3) The HARQ ACK feedback corresponding to the PDSCH in the reference duration occupied by the latest DL channel for which HARQ-ACK feedback is available is used as follows: If at least one HARQ-ACK feedback is an ACK for the PDSCH with block-based feedback, or at least 10% of the HARQ-ACK feedback is an ACK for a PDSCH block group (CBG) transmitted at least partially on a channel with block-based feedback, then proceed to step 1; otherwise, proceed to step 4.

[0037] Step 4) For each priority level p∈{1,2,3,4}, CW p Increase to the next higher allowable value.

[0038] Step 5) For each priority level p∈{1,2,3,4}, CW p Leave it as is; proceed to step 2.

[0039] The reference duration and duration T mentioned in the above process wThe following definitions apply. The reference duration corresponding to a channel occupancy initiated by a gNB and comprising a transmission of (multiple) PDSCHs is defined as the duration from the start of the channel occupancy until the end of the first timeslot (where at least one unicast PDSCH is transmitted over all resources allocated for the PDSCH) or until the end of the first transmission burst of the gNB containing (multiple) unicast PDSCHs transmitted over all resources allocated for the PDSCHs (whichever occurs earlier). If the channel occupancy includes a unicast PDSCH but not any unicast PDCCHs transmitted over all resources allocated for that PDSCH, then the duration of the gNB's first transmission burst within the channel occupancy containing (multiple) unicast PDCCHs is the reference duration regulated by CWS. Duration T w It can be defined as follows: T w =max(T A ,T B +1ms), where T B T is the duration of the transmission burst starting from the reference duration, and if no other technique, such as adjustment level, can guarantee the absence of a shared channel over a long period, then T is... A =5ms. Otherwise, T A =10ms.

[0040] In the NR-U band, the goal of the CW modulation scheme is to minimize inter-system collisions in the unlicensed band, specifically between NR-U systems and WiFi systems. In the CW modulation scheme, for example, if a collision is detected based on HARQ feedback, the CWS (Concurrent Wire Loss) is increased, and the CWS is reset to the minimum CWS value whenever a transmission based on HARQ feedback is successful. In other words, in the CW modulation scheme for the NR-U band, it is assumed that a collision with an inter-system user is detected based on received HARQ feedback, which can then trigger CWS modulation.

[0041] Similarly, in WiFi systems, a CW (Cooldown Time) adjustment mechanism is introduced to determine the backoff time a Wi-Fi node should apply before it can execute its transmission. The main purpose of this mechanism is to avoid collisions between Wi-Fi nodes. In a WiFi system, CW is initially set to a minimum value, CWmin, and is doubled whenever a collision occurs. After a successful transmission without collisions, or when the maximum CW value, CWmax, is reached, CW is reset to CWmin.

[0042] As described above, sidelink communication between UEs over PC5 (e.g., as described in LTE TS 36.300 and NR TS38.300) is based on the principle of one-to-many broadcast originating from the transport (Tx) UE. In NR sidelinks, it supports all broadcast types: unicast, multicast, or broadcast.

[0043] Two resource allocation modes are specified for sidelink transmission, referred to as Mode 1 and Mode 2. Mode 1 refers to utilizing scheduled resources or authorization from the serving base station. This means that the Tx UE is in an RRC-connected state with the serving base station in order to obtain the resources allocated under Mode 1. Mode 2 refers to the autonomous allocation or selection of resources by the Tx UE using resources from (multiple) (pre)configured Tx resource pools. Resource selection in Mode 2 can be based on simple random selection or sensing-based selection, including full sensing or partial sensing, for power saving. Mode 2 can be used for Tx UEs in or out of coverage (IC) under RRC-connected, RRC-idle, or RRC-inactive conditions without coordinating resource allocation from the base station. However, resource selection conflicts from different neighboring Tx UEs may occur in sidelink RA Mode 2, especially in high-density situations.

[0044] In NR sidelink unicast and multicast, HARQ-based sidelink retransmission is designed to allow the Tx UE to know the reception status at the receiving (Rx) UE to determine the need for sidelink retransmission, as described above. Furthermore, NR sidelink also supports blind retransmission without HARQ feedback. The Tx UE can indicate the need for HARQ feedback in the second phase of the Sidelink Control Information (SCI). For sidelink multicast, the following two HARQ feedback options are supported:

[0045] For example, if a sidelink Rx UE within the Tx UE range successfully decodes the SCI but fails to decode the data payload, it sends a non-acknowledgment (NACK) feedback. Otherwise, the sidelink Rx UE will not transmit any feedback. The sidelink Rx UE that sends NACK feedback will use the common / shared physical sidelink shared channel (PSFCH) resource.

[0046] Alternatively, if the sidelink Rx UE successfully decodes the SCI and data payload received from the Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) and Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH) respectively, it sends an ACK. If the sidelink Rx UE successfully decodes the SCI but fails to decode the data payload, it sends a NACK. If the sidelink Rx UE fails to detect or decode the SCI, it does not send any content. The sidelink Rx UE sends its feedback via dedicated PSFCH resources.

[0047] Recently, for example, Inter-UE Coordination (IUC) information has been discussed in ongoing 3GPP Release 17 for enhanced resource allocation, particularly for resource allocation mode 2, to improve reliability and reduce latency. It has been agreed that a set of resources can be determined at the UE, which can then be sent to another UE in mode 2. The other UE then considers this in its own resource selection for transmission. This scheme can be applied to operations within, partially within, and outside coverage, and addresses the issue of continuous packet loss in all coverage scenarios.

[0048] Furthermore, for the IUC under Mode 2, it has been agreed in the 3GPP that the IUC may include preferred and / or non-preferred resources for SL transports for the Tx UE. Alternatively, the IUC may include the presence of anticipated / potential resource conflicts on resources as determined by the SCI indicated by the Tx UE.

[0049] As mentioned above, in WiFi systems, the CWS conditioning scheme is based on the principle that reception failure is due to conflicts with other WiFi nodes, and therefore CWS conditioning serves as a distributed channel access load balancing mechanism because there is no central resource coordination. In NR-U systems, CWS conditioning is primarily used as an inter-system channel access load balancing mechanism, i.e., between the WiFi system and the NR-U network. Since NR-U transmission is controlled by the base station, there are no intra-system transmission conflicts. In other words, the CWS conditioning mechanism in NR-U is purely for coexistence with the WiFi system's channels.

[0050] When operating on a sidelink, if the sidelink UE is in RA mode 2, conflicts are expected between UEs within the system, as described above, when the sidelink UE autonomously selects sidelink communication resources from the (pre)configured resource pool. Therefore, when a HARQ-NACK is received from a sidelink Rx UE, it is necessary to determine whether this sidelink transmission failure is due to a conflict within the sidelink system or an inter-system conflict with another system (e.g., a WiFi system). Considering that intra-system transmission conflicts can be handled using existing sidelink mechanisms, inter-system conflicts should primarily be handled via CWS conditioning mechanisms. Therefore, distinguishing between intra-system and inter-system conflicts is a crucial issue that CWS conditioning for sidelink transmissions in unlicensed frequency bands must address.

[0051] Embodiments of this disclosure provide a novel scheme for CWS regulation of sidelink communication in an unlicensed frequency band. In this scheme, the occurrence of a transmission failure in the unlicensed frequency band is determined. The cause of the transmission failure is then determined based on received information associated with the transmission collision. For example, the received information associated with the transmission collision may include an indication of the occurrence of an intra-system transmission collision in a previous transmission in the unlicensed frequency band, multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions in the unlicensed frequency band, one or more indications of a non-preferred resource associated with the transmission in the unlicensed frequency band, and / or an indication of the occurrence of an inter-system transmission collision in a previous transmission in the unlicensed frequency band. Furthermore, the size of the contention window for the listen-before-speak process is adjusted based on the cause of the transmission failure. For example, if the transmission failure is caused by an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed frequency band, the size of the contention window may be maintained or reduced. If the transmission failure is caused by an inter-system transmission collision in the unlicensed frequency band, the size of the contention window may be increased.

[0052] This scheme can accurately determine the cause of transmission failure, facilitating correct decision-making for CWS adjustments. Therefore, it can improve communication quality and transmission efficiency while saving resource overhead.

[0053] Figure 2 An example environment 200 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented is shown.

[0054] Environment 200 (which may be part of a communication network) includes devices 210, 220, and 230 in system 240. For example, device 210 may communicate with devices 220 and 230, or communicate with other devices via devices 220 and 230.

[0055] Devices 210, 220, and 230 can be implemented by any suitable device in the communication network. In some example embodiments, some of devices 210, 220, and 230 can be implemented by one or more terminal devices, while others can be implemented by one or more network devices, or vice versa. In some other example embodiments, devices 210, 220, and 230 can all be implemented by either terminal devices or network devices.

[0056] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, in environment 200, system 240 may be a sidelink system, and devices 210, 220, and 230 may perform sidelink communication. In some embodiments, devices 210, 220, and 230 may be implemented by a terminal device or a UE. For discussion purposes only, in some example embodiments, device 210 will be used as an example of a Tx device initiating sidelink transmission. Device 220 will be used as an example of an Rx device initiating sidelink transmission. Device 230 will be used as an example of a third device.

[0057] It should be understood that the three devices shown in environment 200 are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent any limitation on the scope of this disclosure. In some example embodiments, environment 200 may include one or more other devices for communicating with device 210.

[0058] Communication in Environment 200 may follow any suitable communication standards or protocols that are already in place or will be developed in the future, such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), 5G New Radio (NR), Wi-Fi, and Global Microwave Access Interoperability (WiMAX) standards, and employ any suitable communication technologies, including, for example, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), Code Division Multiple Access (CDM), Bluetooth, ZigBee, Machine Type Communication (MTC), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC), Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC), Carrier Aggregation (CA), Dual Connectivity (DC), and New Radio (NR-U) technologies.

[0059] Device 210 may perform the LBT procedure within the contention window before initiating a sidelink transmission to device 220. Device 210 may only initiate a sidelink transmission if the channel is detected to be idle for the entire duration of the contention window.

[0060] For example, in the sub-7 GHz unlicensed band, the LBT channel access mechanism ensures the coexistence of the NR system with other systems. That is, in order to pass the LBT check, device 210 must observe the channel as available for multiple consecutive Free Channel Assessment (CCA) slots. In the sub-7 GHz unlicensed band, these CCA slots last for 9 µs. If the measured power (i.e., the energy collected during the CCA slot) is below the regulatory-specified power threshold (which can vary depending on the operating band and geographic region), device 210 considers the channel available during the CCA period.

[0061] Figure 3 The diagram shows device 210 acquiring COT via LBT type 1. For ease of discussion, reference will be made to... Figure 2 describe Figure 3 .like Figure 3 As shown, when device 210 initiates communication, it must obtain permission to access the channel for a specific time period (referred to as COT) by applying an “extended” LBT procedure (whereby the channel must be considered idle for the entire duration 301 of the contention window (CW)). This “extended” LBT procedure is commonly referred to as Channel Access Type 1, for example, as specified in Technical Specification (TS) 37.213.

[0062] The durations 301 (CW) and 303 (COT) depend on the Channel Access Priority Class (CAPC) associated with the service transmitting the UE, as shown in Table 1 below. Control plane services are transmitted with p=1, while user plane services are transmitted with p>1. In Table 1, Channel Access Type 1 is depicted for the UE Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (Uu) uplink (UL) scenario. In Table 1, the contention window length in the CCA slot associated with each CAPC has a minimum value (CW). min,p ) and maximum value (CW) max,p The duration of COT is determined by T. ulm cot,p The Channel Access Type 1 parameter for downlink (DL) transmission is provided. It can be used in sidelink transmission.

[0063] Table 1

[0064]

[0065] However, considering that NR-U transmission is controlled by the base station, there is no intra-system transmission conflict. The CWS adjustment mechanism in NR-U, as described above, is purely for coexistence with the WiFi system's channel. In sidelink transmission, for example, if RA mode 2 is used, intra-system transmission conflicts may occur. Therefore, a scheme is needed to adjust CWS that considers not only intra-system conflicts but also inter-system conflicts.

[0066] According to some example embodiments of this disclosure, device 210 initiates a transmission to device 220. Furthermore, device 210 determines that a transmission failure has occurred in the unlicensed frequency band. For example, the transmission failure may be caused by a collision within system 240. As another example, the transmission failure may be caused by a collision between system 340 and another system (e.g., a WiFi system). Device 210 then determines the cause of the transmission failure based on received information associated with the transmission collision. Furthermore, device 210 adjusts the size of the contention window used for the listen-before-speak process based on the cause of the transmission failure.

[0067] The following will refer to Figures 4 to 6 The detailed process of regulating CWS for communication in unlicensed frequency bands is discussed.

[0068] First refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 Signaling flow 400 between devices according to some example embodiments of this disclosure is illustrated. For purposes of discussion, reference will be made to... Figure 2 Describe signaling flow 400.

[0069] like Figure 4As shown, in some example embodiments, device 210 may receive (405) information associated with a transmission conflict from device 230. Furthermore, device 210 may receive additional information associated with a transmission conflict from device 220 or another device in the sidelink system. In some example embodiments, the information associated with a transmission conflict may include inter-UE coordination (IUC) information. The cause of the transmission failure may be determined implicitly or explicitly based on the information associated with the transmission conflict. In some example embodiments, the information associated with a transmission conflict may include auxiliary information for implicitly determining the cause of the transmission failure. In some other example embodiments, the information associated with a transmission conflict may include the cause of the transmission failure to explicitly determine the cause of the transmission failure.

[0070] For example, information associated with a transmission conflict can be determined by device 220 or device 230 based on SCI sensing and / or energy sensing. In some example embodiments, the resources used for transmission by device 210 can be determined based on SCI from device 210. For example, if an additional device is detected using the same resources as device 210 based on SCI, an intra-system transmission conflict can be determined. As another example, if no other device is detected using the same resources as device 210 based on SCI, but strong interference with the resources is detected by energy sensing, an inter-system conflict can be determined. Therefore, information associated with a transmission conflict can include indications based on the determination of the occurrence of an intra-system or inter-system transmission conflict.

[0071] In some example embodiments, device 210 can detect information associated with transmission collisions. Device 210 can then determine the collision situation in the system based on the received information associated with the transmission collision. For example, the information associated with a transmission collision may include an indication of the occurrence of an intra-system transmission collision in a previous transmission within an unlicensed band. As another example, the information associated with a transmission collision may include multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions in an unlicensed band. As yet another example, the information associated with a transmission collision may include one or more indications of non-preferred resources associated with a transmission in an unlicensed band. Alternatively, the information associated with a transmission collision may include an indication of the occurrence of an inter-system transmission collision in a previous transmission within an unlicensed band.

[0072] Device 210 determines (410) that a transmission failure has occurred in the unlicensed band. In some example embodiments, device 210 may determine that a transmission failure has occurred if it receives a HARQ NACK from device 220. For example, if device 220 successfully decodes the SCI but fails to decode the data payload received from device 210, device 220 may send a HARQ NACK to device 210.

[0073] Then, device 210 determines (415) the cause of the transmission failure. In some example embodiments, the transmission failure may be caused by intra-system transmission conflicts in the unlicensed band. For example, intra-system transmission conflicts may include transmission conflicts within a sidelink system. Alternatively, the transmission failure may be caused by inter-system transmission conflicts in the unlicensed band. For example, inter-system transmission conflicts may include transmission conflicts between a sidelink system and a WiFi system.

[0074] In an example embodiment where the information associated with the transmission collision includes an indication of an intra-system transmission collision occurring in a previous transmission within an unlicensed band, device 210 can determine whether an indication of an intra-system transmission collision occurring in a previous transmission has been received. Then, if device 210 receives an indication of an intra-system transmission collision occurring in a previous transmission, device 210 can determine that the transmission failure was caused by an intra-system transmission collision. Otherwise, if device 210 does not receive any indication of an intra-system transmission collision occurring in a previous transmission, device 210 can determine that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission collision.

[0075] Alternatively, in an example embodiment where the information associated with the transmission collision includes multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions in an unlicensed frequency band, device 210 may determine the cause of the transmission failure based on the determination of the receipt of the multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions. For example, if device 210 does not receive the multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions before the transmission failure occurs, device 210 may determine that the transmission failure is caused by an inter-system transmission collision. In some other example embodiments, device 210 may receive the multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions before the transmission failure occurs. Device 210 may then determine whether the transmission collision level of the potential intra-system transmission collisions among the multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions is higher than or equal to a level threshold. If device 210 determines that the transmission collision level of the potential intra-system transmission collisions among the multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions is higher than or equal to the level threshold, device 210 may determine that the transmission failure is caused by an intra-system transmission collision. Otherwise, if device 210 determines that the transmission collision level is lower than the level threshold, device 210 may determine that the transmission failure is caused by an inter-system transmission collision.

[0076] For example, device 210 can determine a transmission conflict level based on a comparison between the number of multiple indications of transmission conflicts within multiple potential systems or the received power of the multiple indications of transmission conflicts within multiple potential systems. If the number of multiple indications of transmission conflicts within multiple potential systems is greater than or equal to the number threshold, or the received power of the multiple indications of transmission conflicts within multiple potential systems is greater than or equal to the power threshold, then the transmission conflict level can be determined to be greater than or equal to the level threshold. Otherwise, if the number of multiple indications of transmission conflicts within multiple potential systems is less than the number threshold, or the received power of the multiple indications of transmission conflicts within multiple potential systems is less than the power threshold, then the transmission conflict level can be determined to be less than the level threshold.

[0077] Alternatively or additionally, the indication of potential intra-system transmission conflicts in the unlicensed band may include an additional indication of the number of other devices potentially conflicting with device 210 on the reserved resources indicated by SCI, and / or the number of resources detected as having potential intra-system transmission conflicts. If the additional indication is an additional transmission conflict indication, it may also be configured to be provided only when the number of other devices potentially conflicting with device 210 exceeds a certain threshold and / or the number of resources detected as having potential intra-system transmission conflicts exceeds a certain threshold.

[0078] Alternatively, in an example embodiment where the information associated with the transmission collision includes one or more indications of non-preferred resources associated with the unlicensed frequency band, device 210 may determine the cause of the transmission failure based on the determination of receipt of one or more indications of non-preferred resources associated with the unlicensed frequency band. For example, if device 210 does not receive one or more indications of non-preferred resources, device 210 may determine that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission collision. In some other example embodiments, device 210 may receive one or more indications of non-preferred resources. Device 210 may then determine the likelihood that an intra-system transmission collision has occurred in the unlicensed frequency band based on one or more indications of non-preferred resources. For example, device 210 may determine the likelihood that an intra-system transmission collision has occurred based on time-domain and frequency-domain information of the non-preferred resources and the interval / periodity of these resources.

[0079] In some example embodiments, if previously transmitted resources follow a pattern of non-preferred resources in both the time and frequency domains, device 210 can determine that the probability is higher than or equal to a probability threshold. Assuming the transmission is periodic, if device 210 determines, based on transmission interval / period information, that a previous transmission using non-preferred resources followed the same pattern of non-preferred resources in both the time and frequency domains as the current transmission, device 210 can determine that an intra-system transmission collision occurred in the current transmission. For example, based on this information, if the resources used in a previous transmission followed the same pattern of non-preferred resources in both the time and frequency domains, and had an interval / period indicating these resources, device 210 can estimate that the probability of a transmission collision in the previous transmission is high. Alternatively or additionally, if the probability is higher than or equal to the probability threshold, device 210 can determine that the transmission failure was caused by an intra-system transmission collision. Otherwise, if the probability is lower than the probability threshold, device 210 can determine that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission collision.

[0080] Furthermore, in example embodiments where the probability is higher than or equal to a probability threshold, device 210 can further determine the cause of the transmission failure based on the number of one or more indications of non-preferred resources and / or the quantity of non-preferred resources. For example, if the number of one or more indications of non-preferred resources is higher than or equal to a number threshold and / or the quantity of non-preferred resources is higher than or equal to a quantity threshold, device 210 can determine that the transmission failure is caused by an intra-system transmission conflict. Otherwise, if the number of one or more indications of non-preferred resources is lower than a number threshold and / or the quantity of non-preferred resources is lower than a quantity threshold, device 210 can determine that the transmission failure is caused by an inter-system transmission conflict.

[0081] In an example embodiment where the received information associated with the transmission conflict includes an indication of the occurrence of an inter-system transmission conflict in a previous transmission, if device 210 receives an indication of the occurrence of an inter-system transmission conflict in a previous transmission, device 210 can determine that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission conflict.

[0082] like Figure 4 As shown, device 210 adjusts the size of the contention window for the listen-before-speak process (420) based on the cause of the transmission failure. In some example embodiments, if device 210 determines that the transmission failure is caused by an intra-system transmission conflict, device 210 may maintain or reduce the size of the contention window. In some other example embodiments, if device 210 determines that the transmission failure is caused by an inter-system transmission conflict, device 210 may increase the size of the contention window.

[0083] Figure 5 Example procedures for regulating CWS according to some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure are shown. For ease of discussion, reference will be made to... Figure 2 Describe process 500. For example, device 210 can be implemented by Tx UE 501. Device 220 can be implemented by Rx UE 503. Device 230 can be implemented by a third UE 505. In this example process, UEs 501, 503, and 505 are in a sidelink system and perform sidelink transmissions in an unlicensed frequency band.

[0084] like Figure 5 As shown, at 502, UE 501 receives a conflict indication from UE 502 in the IUC. At 504, UE 501 receives an additional conflict indication from UE 503 in the IUC. Furthermore, UE 501 can receive one or more conflict indications from the IUC from other UEs (not shown) in the sidelink system.

[0085] Alternatively, at 506, UE 501 receives from UE 502 an indication of non-preferred resources associated with unlicensed frequency bands in the IUC. At 508, UE 501 receives further indications of non-preferred resources associated with unlicensed frequency bands in the IUC from UE 503. Furthermore, UE 501 may receive one or more indications of non-preferred resources associated with unlicensed frequency bands in the IUC from other UEs (not shown) in the sidelink system.

[0086] Then, at 510, UE 501 performs a successful LBT procedure using the current CWS, thereby allowing UE 501 to use resources for transmission. At 512, UE 501 performs a sidelink transmission. UE 501 transmits control information via PSCCH and transmits data to UE 503 via PSSCH. If at 514, UE 502 fails to decode the data payload received from the PSSCH, then at 516, UE 503 transmits a HARQ NACK to UE 501. Accordingly, UE 501 can determine that a transmission failure has occurred based on the received NACK.

[0087] In step 518, UE 501 determines the cause of the transmission failure. For example, if UE 501 receives an indication that an intra-system transmission collision occurred in a previous transmission, UE 501 can determine that the HARQ failure of the transmission was caused by an intra-system transmission collision. Otherwise, if UE 501 does not receive any indication that an intra-system transmission collision occurred in a previous transmission in an unlicensed band, UE 501 can determine that the HARQ failure of the transmission was caused by an inter-system transmission collision. As another example, if UE 501 receives one or more indications of a non-preferred resource, UE 501 can determine the probability that an intra-system transmission collision has occurred based on one or more non-preferred resource indications. Then, if the probability is higher than or equal to a probability threshold, UE 501 can determine that the HARQ failure of the transmission was caused by an intra-system transmission collision. Otherwise, if the probability is lower than the probability threshold, UE 501 can determine that the HARQ failure of the transmission was caused by an inter-system transmission collision. (Already referenced...) Figure 4 Several other methods for determining the cause of transmission failure are discussed in detail, and these methods are equally applicable to process 500.

[0088] Accordingly, at 520, UE 501 determines CWS adjustment. For example, if UE 501 determines that the HARQ failure of transmission is caused by an intra-system transmission conflict, UE 501 can maintain or reduce the size of the contention window. If device 210 determines that the HARQ failure of transmission is caused by an inter-system transmission conflict, device 210 can increase the size of the contention window.

[0089] The above is for reference only. Figures 3 to 4 All the operations and features described also apply to process 500 and have similar effects. For simplicity, details will be omitted.

[0090] Figure 6 A flowchart of an example method 600 according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. Method 600 can be implemented as follows: Figure 2 The device shown is implemented at point 210. For discussion purposes, reference will be made to... Figure 2 Description method 600.

[0091] In box 610, device 210 determines that a transmission failure has occurred in the unlicensed band. In box 620, device 210 determines the cause of the transmission failure based on received information associated with a transmission collision. Furthermore, in box 630, device 210 adjusts the size of the contention window used for the listen-before-speak process based on the cause of the transmission failure.

[0092] In some example embodiments, device 210 can detect information associated with transmission conflicts.

[0093] In some example embodiments, device 210 can determine that the transmission failure is caused by an intra-system transmission conflict in an unlicensed frequency band. Furthermore, device 210 can adjust the size of the contention window by maintaining or reducing its size.

[0094] In some example embodiments, intra-system transmission collisions include transmission collisions within the sidelink system.

[0095] In some example embodiments, the information associated with the transmission conflict includes an indication of an intra-system transmission conflict occurring in a previous transmission in the unlicensed band, and in response to receiving an indication of an intra-system transmission conflict occurring in a previous transmission in the unlicensed band, device 210 can determine that the transmission failure was caused by an intra-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed band.

[0096] In some example embodiments, the information associated with the transmission collision includes multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions in the unlicensed frequency band, and device 210 can receive multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions in the unlicensed frequency band before a transmission failure occurs. Furthermore, device 210 can determine whether the transmission collision level of one of the multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions is higher than or equal to a level threshold. Then, device 210 can determine that the transmission failure was caused by an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed frequency band based on the determination that the transmission collision level of one of the multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions is higher than or equal to the level threshold.

[0097] In some example embodiments, device 210 may determine that the transmission conflict level of a plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is higher than or equal to a level threshold in response to at least one of the following: the number of multiple indications of the plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is higher than or equal to a number threshold; or the received power of the multiple indications of the plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is higher than or equal to a power threshold.

[0098] In some example embodiments, the information associated with the transmission collision includes one or more indications of non-preferred resources associated with the unlicensed frequency band, and device 210 can receive one or more indications of non-preferred resources associated with the unlicensed frequency band. Device 210 can determine the probability that an intra-system transmission collision has occurred in the unlicensed frequency band based on one or more indications of non-preferred resources. Furthermore, device 210 can determine that the transmission failure was caused by an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed frequency band in response to the probability being higher than or equal to a probability threshold.

[0099] In some example embodiments, device 210 may determine that the transmission failure is caused by an intra-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed band in response to the probability being higher than or equal to a probability threshold: the number of one or more indications of non-preferred resources is higher than or equal to a number threshold; and / or the number of non-preferred resources is higher than or equal to a number threshold.

[0100] In some example embodiments, device 210 may determine that the probability is higher than or equal to a probability threshold in response to the fact that the resources used for the previous transmission follow a non-preferred resource pattern in the time and frequency domains.

[0101] In some example embodiments, device 210 may determine that the transmission failure is caused by an inter-system transmission conflict in an unlicensed frequency band. Furthermore, device 210 may increase the size of the contention window.

[0102] In some example embodiments, inter-system transmission conflicts include transmission conflicts between sidelink systems and wireless fidelity systems.

[0103] In some example embodiments, the information associated with the transmission collision includes one or more indications associated with an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band, and device 210 can determine whether one or more indications associated with an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band have been received. Furthermore, device 210 can determine that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band in response to the absence of one or more indications associated with an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band.

[0104] In some example embodiments, one or more indications associated with an intra-system transmission conflict in an unlicensed band include at least one of the following: an indication of the occurrence of an intra-system transmission conflict in a previously transmitted segment in the unlicensed band; multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission conflicts in the unlicensed band; or one or more indications of a non-preferred resource associated with the unlicensed band.

[0105] In some example embodiments, the received information associated with the transmission collision includes multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions in an unlicensed frequency band, and device 210 can determine whether the transmission collision level of one of the multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions is below a level threshold in response to receiving the multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions in the unlicensed frequency band before the transmission failure occurs. Furthermore, device 210 can determine that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission collision based on determining that the transmission collision level of one of the multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions is below a level threshold.

[0106] In some example embodiments, device 210 may determine that the transmission conflict level of a plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is below a level threshold in response to at least one of the following: the number of multiple indications of the plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is below a number threshold; or the received power of the multiple indications of the plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is below a power threshold.

[0107] In some example embodiments, the received information associated with the transmission collision includes one or more indications of non-preferred resources associated with the unlicensed band, and device 210 can determine the probability that an intra-system transmission collision has occurred in the unlicensed band based on the one or more indications of non-preferred resources received in response to receiving one or more indications of non-preferred resources associated with the unlicensed band. Furthermore, device 210 can determine that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band in response to the probability being lower than a probability threshold.

[0108] In some example embodiments, device 210 may determine that the transmission failure is caused by an inter-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed band in response to the probability being higher than or equal to a probability threshold: the number of one or more indications of non-preferred resources is lower than a number threshold; and / or the number of non-preferred resources is lower than a number threshold.

[0109] In some example embodiments, the received information associated with the transmission collision includes an indication that an inter-system transmission collision has occurred in a previous transmission in the unlicensed band, and the device 210 may determine that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band in response to receiving the indication that an inter-system transmission collision has occurred in a previous transmission in the unlicensed band.

[0110] In some example embodiments, the information associated with transmission conflicts includes sidelink user equipment coordination information.

[0111] In some example embodiments, the cause of transmission failure is determined implicitly or explicitly based on information associated with transmission conflicts.

[0112] In some example embodiments, the information associated with a transmission collision includes auxiliary information used to implicitly determine the cause of the transmission failure.

[0113] In some example embodiments, the information associated with a transmission collision includes the reason for the transmission failure.

[0114] In some example embodiments, the transmission includes a sidelink transmission, wherein information associated with a transmission collision is received from the receiving device of the sidelink transmission or another device.

[0115] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above references Figures 2 to 5All the operations and features described also apply to method 600 and have similar effects.

[0116] Figure 7 This is a simplified block diagram of a device 700 suitable for implementing exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. Device 700 can be, for example... Figure 2 It is implemented at or as part of the device 210 shown.

[0117] As shown in the figure, device 700 includes a processor 710, a memory 720 coupled to the processor 710, a communication module 730 coupled to the processor 720, and a communication interface (not shown) coupled to the communication module 732. The memory 720 stores at least a program 740. The communication module 733 is used for bidirectional communication, for example, via multiple antennas. The communication interface can represent any interface required for communication.

[0118] Assume that program 740 includes program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 710, enable device 700 to operate according to an example embodiment of this disclosure, as referenced herein. Figures 2 to 6 The exemplary embodiments discussed herein can be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 710 of device 700, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 710 can be configured to implement various exemplary embodiments of this disclosure.

[0119] Memory 720 can be of any type suitable for a local technology network and can be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as, as non-limiting examples, non-transitory computer-readable storage media, semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and devices, fixed memory, and removable memory. Although only one memory 720 is shown in device 700, device 700 may have several physically different memory modules. Processor 710 can be of any type suitable for a local technology network and may include one or more of the following: general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, microprocessor, digital signal processor (DSP), and processor based on a multi-core processor architecture. Device 700 may have multiple processors, such as application-specific integrated circuit chips that are time-dependent on a clock synchronized with the main processor.

[0120] When device 700 acts as or is part of device 210, processor 710 and communication module 730 can cooperate to achieve the above-mentioned reference. Figures 2 to 5 Method 600 is described. (See above for reference.) Figures 2 to 6 All the operations and features described also apply to device 700 and have similar effects. For simplicity, details will be omitted.

[0121] Generally, the various exemplary embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented using hardware or dedicated circuitry, software, logic, or any combination thereof. Some aspects can be implemented using hardware, while others can be implemented using firmware or software that can be executed by a controller, microprocessor, or other computing device. Although various aspects of the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other graphical representation, it should be understood that, as non-limiting examples, the blocks, apparatuses, systems, techniques, or methods described herein can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, dedicated circuitry or logic, general-purpose hardware or controllers or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.

[0122] This disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as instructions included in a program module, which execute in a device targeting a real or virtual processor to perform the functions described above. Figures 2 to 5 The method described herein. Typically, a program module includes routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, etc., that perform specific tasks or implement specific abstract data types. In various example embodiments, the functionality of a program module can be combined or split among program modules as needed. The machine-executable instructions of a program module can be executed on a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, a program module can reside on both local and remote storage media.

[0123] Program code used to perform the methods of this disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. This program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that when executed by the processor or controller, the program code causes the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, as a stand-alone software package, partially on a machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0124] In the context of this disclosure, computer program code or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable a device, apparatus, or processor to perform the various processes and operations described above. Examples of carriers include signals and computer-readable media.

[0125] Computer-readable media can be computer-readable signal media or computer-readable storage media. Computer-readable media can include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatuses, or devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of computer-readable storage media will include electrical connections having one or more wires, portable computer floppy disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable optical disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc (DVD), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0126] Furthermore, although operations are described in a specific order, this should not be construed as requiring the operations to be performed in the specific order shown or sequentially, or to perform all of the shown operations to obtain the desired result. In some cases, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Similarly, while several specific implementation details are included in the foregoing discussion, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular example embodiments. Certain features described in the context of individual example embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, the various features described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented individually or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple example embodiments.

[0127] Although this disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological actions, it should be understood that this disclosure as defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or actions described above. Rather, the specific features and actions described above are disclosed as exemplary forms of implementing the claims.

[0128] Various example embodiments of the technology have been described. In addition to or instead of the foregoing, the following examples are also described. Features described in any of the following examples may be used in conjunction with any other examples described herein.

[0129] In some aspects, a first device includes: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured together with the at least one processor to cause the first device to: determine the occurrence of a transmission failure in an unlicensed band; determine the cause of the transmission failure based on received information associated with a transmission conflict; and adjust the size of a contention window for a listen-before-speak process based on the cause of the transmission failure.

[0130] In some example embodiments, the device is also configured to detect information associated with transmission conflicts.

[0131] In some example embodiments, the device is configured to determine the cause of a transmission failure by determining that the transmission failure is caused by an intra-system transmission conflict in an unlicensed frequency band; and the device is configured to adjust the size of the contention window by maintaining or reducing the size of the contention window.

[0132] In some example embodiments, intra-system transmission collisions include transmission collisions within the sidelink system.

[0133] In some example embodiments, the information associated with the transmission collision includes an indication of the occurrence of an intra-system transmission collision in a previous transmission in the unlicensed band, and the device is made to determine that the transmission failure was caused by an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band by: determining that the transmission failure was caused by an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band in response to receiving an indication of the occurrence of an intra-system transmission collision in a previous transmission in the unlicensed band.

[0134] In some example embodiments, the information associated with the transmission collision includes multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions in the unlicensed frequency band, and the device is made to determine that the transmission failure is caused by an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed frequency band by: receiving multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions in the unlicensed frequency band before the transmission failure occurs; determining whether the transmission collision level of the potential intra-system transmission collisions among the multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions is higher than or equal to a level threshold; and determining that the transmission failure is caused by an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed frequency band based on determining that the transmission collision level of the potential intra-system transmission collisions among the multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions is higher than or equal to the level threshold.

[0135] In some example embodiments, the device is configured to determine whether the transmission conflict level of a potential intra-system transmission conflict among a plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is higher than or equal to a level threshold by: determining that the transmission conflict level of a potential intra-system transmission conflict among a plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is higher than or equal to a level threshold in response to at least one of the following: the number of a plurality of indications of a plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is higher than or equal to a number threshold; or the received power of a plurality of indications of a plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is higher than or equal to a power threshold.

[0136] In some example embodiments, the information associated with the transmission collision includes one or more indications of non-preferred resources associated with the unlicensed band, and the device is configured to determine that the transmission failure was caused by an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band by: receiving one or more indications of non-preferred resources associated with the unlicensed band; determining, based on the one or more indications of non-preferred resources, the probability that an intra-system transmission collision has occurred in the unlicensed band; and determining that the transmission failure was caused by an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band in response to a probability being higher than or equal to a probability threshold.

[0137] In some example embodiments, the device is made to determine that a transmission failure is caused by an intra-system transmission conflict in an unlicensed band by: determining that a transmission failure is caused by an intra-system transmission conflict in an unlicensed band in response to a probability being higher than or equal to a probability threshold; and / or the number of one or more indications of non-preferred resources being higher than or equal to a number threshold.

[0138] In some example embodiments, the device is also configured to determine a probability higher than or equal to a probability threshold in response to the resource used for the previous transmission following a pattern of non-preferred resources in both the time and frequency domains.

[0139] In some example embodiments, the device is configured to determine the cause of the transmission failure by determining that the transmission failure is caused by an inter-system transmission conflict in an unlicensed frequency band; and the device is configured to adjust the size of the contention window by increasing the size of the contention window.

[0140] In some example embodiments, inter-system transmission conflicts include transmission conflicts between sidelink systems and wireless fidelity systems.

[0141] In some example embodiments, the information associated with the transmission collision includes one or more indications associated with an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band, and the device is made to determine that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band by: determining whether one or more indications associated with an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band were received; and determining that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band in response to the absence of one or more indications associated with an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band.

[0142] In some example embodiments, one or more indications associated with an intra-system transmission conflict in an unlicensed band include at least one of the following: an indication of the occurrence of an intra-system transmission conflict in a previously transmitted segment in the unlicensed band; multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission conflicts in the unlicensed band; or one or more indications of a non-preferred resource associated with the unlicensed band.

[0143] In some example embodiments, the received information associated with the transmission collision includes multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions in the unlicensed band, and the device is configured to determine that the transmission failure is caused by an inter-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band by: in response to receiving multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions in the unlicensed band before the transmission failure occurs, determining whether the transmission collision level of the potential intra-system transmission collision among the multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions is below a level threshold; and determining that the transmission failure is caused by an inter-system transmission collision based on determining that the transmission collision level of the potential intra-system transmission collision among the multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions is below the level threshold.

[0144] In some example embodiments, the device is configured to determine whether the transmission conflict level of a potential intra-system transmission conflict among a plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is below a level threshold by: determining that the transmission conflict level of a potential intra-system transmission conflict among a plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is below a level threshold in response to at least one of the following: the number of a plurality of indications of a plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is below a number threshold; or the received power of a plurality of indications of a plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is below a power threshold.

[0145] In some example embodiments, the received information associated with the transmission collision includes one or more indications of non-preferred resources associated with the unlicensed band, and the device is configured to determine that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band by: in response to receiving one or more indications of non-preferred resources associated with the unlicensed band, determining, based on one or more indications of non-preferred resources, the probability that an intra-system transmission collision has occurred in the unlicensed band; and in response to the probability being lower than a probability threshold, determining that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band.

[0146] In some example embodiments, the device is made to determine that a transmission failure is caused by an inter-system transmission conflict in an unlicensed band by: determining that a transmission failure is caused by an inter-system transmission conflict in an unlicensed band in response to a probability being greater than or equal to a probability threshold; and / or the number of one or more indications of non-preferred resources is less than a number threshold.

[0147] In some example embodiments, the received information associated with the transmission collision includes an indication of the occurrence of an inter-system transmission collision in a previous transmission in the unlicensed band, and the device is made to determine that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band by: determining that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band in response to receiving an indication of the occurrence of an inter-system transmission collision in a previous transmission in the unlicensed band.

[0148] In some example embodiments, the information associated with transmission conflicts includes sidelink user equipment coordination information.

[0149] In some example embodiments, the cause of transmission failure is determined implicitly or explicitly based on information associated with transmission conflicts.

[0150] In some example embodiments, the information associated with a transmission collision includes auxiliary information used to implicitly determine the cause of the transmission failure.

[0151] In some example embodiments, the information associated with a transmission collision includes the reason for the transmission failure.

[0152] In some example embodiments, the transmission includes a sidelink transmission, and the information associated with the transmission conflict is received from the receiving device of the sidelink transmission or another device.

[0153] In some aspects, one approach includes: determining the occurrence of a transmission failure in an unlicensed band; determining the cause of the transmission failure based on received information associated with the transmission collision; and adjusting the size of the contention window used for the listen-before-speak process based on the cause of the transmission failure.

[0154] In some example embodiments, the method further includes detecting information associated with transmission conflicts.

[0155] In some example embodiments, determining the cause of a transmission failure includes determining that the transmission failure is caused by an intra-system transmission conflict in an unlicensed frequency band; and adjusting the size of the contention window includes maintaining or reducing the size of the contention window.

[0156] In some example embodiments, intra-system transmission collisions include transmission collisions within the sidelink system.

[0157] In some example embodiments, the information associated with the transmission collision includes an indication of the occurrence of an intra-system transmission collision in a previous transmission in the unlicensed band, and determining that the transmission failure was caused by an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band includes: in response to receiving an indication of the occurrence of an intra-system transmission collision in a previous transmission in the unlicensed band, determining that the transmission failure was caused by an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band.

[0158] In some example embodiments, the information associated with the transmission collision includes multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions in the unlicensed frequency band, and determining that the transmission failure is caused by an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed frequency band includes: receiving multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions in the unlicensed frequency band before the transmission failure occurs; determining whether the transmission collision level of the potential intra-system transmission collisions among the multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions is higher than or equal to a level threshold; and determining that the transmission failure is caused by an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed frequency band based on determining that the transmission collision level of the potential intra-system transmission collisions among the multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions is higher than or equal to the level threshold.

[0159] In some example embodiments, determining whether the transmission conflict level of a potential intra-system transmission conflict among a plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is higher than or equal to a level threshold includes: determining that the transmission conflict level of a potential intra-system transmission conflict among a plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is higher than or equal to a level threshold in response to at least one of the following: the number of a plurality of indications of a plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is higher than or equal to a number threshold; or the received power of a plurality of indications of a plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is higher than or equal to a power threshold.

[0160] In some example embodiments, the information associated with the transmission collision includes one or more indications of non-preferred resources associated with the unlicensed band, and determining that the transmission failure was caused by an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band includes: receiving one or more indications of non-preferred resources associated with the unlicensed band; determining the probability that an intra-system transmission collision has occurred in the unlicensed band based on the one or more indications of the non-preferred resources; and determining that the transmission failure was caused by an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band in response to the probability being higher than or equal to a probability threshold.

[0161] In some example embodiments, determining that a transmission failure is caused by an intra-system transmission conflict in an unlicensed band includes: in response to a probability greater than or equal to a probability threshold, determining that a transmission failure is caused by an intra-system transmission conflict in an unlicensed band is caused by: the number of one or more indications of non-preferred resources being greater than or equal to a number threshold; and / or the number of non-preferred resources being greater than or equal to a number threshold.

[0162] In some example embodiments, the method further includes determining a probability higher than or equal to a probability threshold in response to the resource used for the previous transmission following a pattern of non-preferred resources in both the time and frequency domains.

[0163] In some example embodiments, determining the cause of transmission failure includes: determining that the transmission failure is caused by an inter-system transmission conflict in an unlicensed frequency band; and adjusting the size of the contention window includes: increasing the size of the contention window.

[0164] In some example embodiments, inter-system transmission conflicts include transmission conflicts between sidelink systems and wireless fidelity systems.

[0165] In some example embodiments, the information associated with the transmission collision includes one or more indications associated with an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band, and determining that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band includes: determining whether one or more indications associated with an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band have been received; and determining that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band in response to the absence of one or more indications associated with an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band.

[0166] In some example embodiments, one or more indications associated with an intra-system transmission conflict in an unlicensed band include at least one of the following: an indication of the occurrence of an intra-system transmission conflict in a previously transmitted segment in the unlicensed band; multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission conflicts in the unlicensed band; or one or more indications of a non-preferred resource associated with the unlicensed band.

[0167] In some example embodiments, the received information associated with the transmission collision includes multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions in the unlicensed band, and determining that the transmission failure is caused by an inter-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band includes: in response to receiving multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions in the unlicensed band before the transmission failure occurs, determining whether the transmission collision level of the potential intra-system transmission collisions among the multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions is below a level threshold; and determining that the transmission failure is caused by an inter-system transmission collision based on determining that the transmission collision level of the potential intra-system transmission collisions among the multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions is below the level threshold.

[0168] In some example embodiments, determining whether the transmission conflict level of a potential intra-system transmission conflict among a plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is below a level threshold includes: determining that the transmission conflict level of a potential intra-system transmission conflict among a plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is below a level threshold in response to at least one of the following: the number of a plurality of indications of a plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is below a number threshold; or the received power of a plurality of indications of a plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is below a power threshold.

[0169] In some example embodiments, the received information associated with the transmission collision includes one or more indications of non-preferred resources associated with the unlicensed band, and determining that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band includes: in response to receiving one or more indications of non-preferred resources associated with the unlicensed band, determining, based on one or more indications of non-preferred resources, the probability that an intra-system transmission collision has occurred in the unlicensed band; and in response to the probability being lower than a probability threshold, determining that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band.

[0170] In some example embodiments, determining that a transmission failure is caused by an inter-system transmission conflict in an unlicensed band includes: in response to a probability being higher than or equal to a probability threshold, determining that a transmission failure is caused by an inter-system transmission conflict in an unlicensed band when: the number of one or more indications of non-preferred resources is less than a number threshold; and / or the number of non-preferred resources is less than a number threshold.

[0171] In some example embodiments, the received information associated with the transmission collision includes an indication that an inter-system transmission collision occurred in a previous transmission in the unlicensed band, and determining that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band includes: in response to receiving an indication that an inter-system transmission collision occurred in a previous transmission in the unlicensed band, determining that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band.

[0172] In some example embodiments, the information associated with transmission conflicts includes sidelink user equipment coordination information.

[0173] In some example embodiments, the cause of transmission failure is determined implicitly or explicitly based on information associated with transmission conflicts.

[0174] In some example embodiments, the information associated with a transmission collision includes auxiliary information used to implicitly determine the cause of the transmission failure.

[0175] In some example embodiments, the information associated with a transmission collision includes the reason for the transmission failure.

[0176] In some example embodiments, the transmission includes a sidelink transmission, and the information associated with the transmission conflict is received from the receiving device of the sidelink transmission or another device.

[0177] In some aspects, an apparatus includes: means for determining the occurrence of a transmission failure in an unlicensed frequency band; means for determining the cause of the transmission failure based on received information associated with a transmission collision; and means for adjusting the size of a contention window for a listen-before-speak process based on the cause of the transmission failure.

[0178] In some example embodiments, the apparatus further includes a component for detecting information associated with transmission conflicts.

[0179] In some example embodiments, the components for determining the cause of a transmission failure include: components for determining that the transmission failure is caused by an intra-system transmission conflict in an unlicensed frequency band; and the components for adjusting the size of the contention window include: components for maintaining or reducing the size of the contention window.

[0180] In some example embodiments, intra-system transmission collisions include transmission collisions within the sidelink system.

[0181] In some example embodiments, the information associated with the transmission collision includes an indication of the occurrence of an intra-system transmission collision in a previous transmission in the unlicensed band, and the component for determining that the transmission failure was caused by an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band includes: a component for determining that the transmission failure was caused by an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band in response to receiving an indication of the occurrence of an intra-system transmission collision in a previous transmission in the unlicensed band.

[0182] In some example embodiments, the information associated with the transmission collision includes multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions in the unlicensed frequency band, and the components for determining that the transmission failure was caused by an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed frequency band include: components for receiving multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions in the unlicensed frequency band before the transmission failure occurs; components for determining whether the transmission collision level of a potential intra-system transmission collision among the multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions is higher than or equal to a level threshold; and components for determining that the transmission failure was caused by an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed frequency band based on determining that the transmission collision level of a potential intra-system transmission collision among the multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions is higher than or equal to the level threshold.

[0183] In some example embodiments, the component for determining whether the transmission conflict level of a potential intra-system transmission conflict among a plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is higher than or equal to a level threshold includes: the component for determining whether the transmission conflict level of a potential intra-system transmission conflict among a plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is higher than or equal to a level threshold in response to at least one of the following: the number of a plurality of indications of a plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is higher than or equal to a number threshold; or the received power of a plurality of indications of a plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is higher than or equal to a power threshold.

[0184] In some example embodiments, the information associated with the transmission collision includes one or more indications of non-preferred resources associated with the unlicensed band, and the components for determining that the transmission failure was caused by an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band include: components for receiving one or more indications of non-preferred resources associated with the unlicensed band; components for determining the probability that an intra-system transmission collision has occurred in the unlicensed band based on the one or more indications of non-preferred resources; and components for determining that the transmission failure was caused by an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band in response to a probability being higher than or equal to a probability threshold.

[0185] In some example embodiments, the component for determining that the transmission failure is caused by an intra-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed band includes: a component for determining that the transmission failure is caused by an intra-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed band in response to a probability being higher than or equal to a probability threshold if: the number of one or more indications of non-preferred resources is higher than or equal to a number threshold; and / or the number of non-preferred resources is higher than or equal to a number threshold.

[0186] In some example embodiments, the apparatus further includes a component for determining a probability threshold that is higher than or equal to that of a resource for a previously transmitted resource following a pattern of non-preferred resources in the time and frequency domains.

[0187] In some example embodiments, the components for determining the cause of the transmission failure include: components for determining that the transmission failure is caused by an inter-system transmission conflict in an unlicensed frequency band; and the components for adjusting the size of the contention window include: components for increasing the size of the contention window.

[0188] In some example embodiments, inter-system transmission conflicts include transmission conflicts between sidelink systems and wireless fidelity systems.

[0189] In some example embodiments, the information associated with the transmission collision includes one or more indications associated with an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band, and the components for determining that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band include: components for determining whether one or more indications associated with an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band have been received; and components for determining that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band in response to the absence of one or more indications associated with an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band.

[0190] In some example embodiments, one or more indications associated with an intra-system transmission conflict in an unlicensed band include at least one of the following: an indication of the occurrence of an intra-system transmission conflict in a previously transmitted segment in the unlicensed band; multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission conflicts in the unlicensed band; or one or more indications of a non-preferred resource associated with the unlicensed band.

[0191] In some example embodiments, the received information associated with the transmission collision includes multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions in the unlicensed band, and the components for determining that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band include: components for determining whether the transmission collision level of a potential intra-system transmission collision among the multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions is below a level threshold in response to receiving multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions in the unlicensed band before the transmission failure occurs; and components for determining that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission collision based on determining that the transmission collision level of a potential intra-system transmission collision among the multiple potential intra-system transmission collisions is below a level threshold.

[0192] In some example embodiments, the component for determining whether the transmission conflict level of a potential intra-system transmission conflict among a plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is lower than a level threshold includes: the component for determining that the transmission conflict level of a potential intra-system transmission conflict among a plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is lower than a level threshold in response to at least one of the following: the number of a plurality of indications of a plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is lower than a number threshold; or the received power of a plurality of indications of a plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is lower than a power threshold.

[0193] In some example embodiments, the received information associated with the transmission collision includes one or more indications of non-preferred resources associated with the unlicensed band, and the components for determining that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band include: components for determining, in response to receiving one or more indications of non-preferred resources associated with the unlicensed band, the probability that an intra-system transmission collision has occurred in the unlicensed band based on one or more indications of non-preferred resources; and components for determining that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band in response to the probability being lower than a probability threshold.

[0194] In some example embodiments, the component for determining that the transmission failure is caused by an inter-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed band includes: a component for determining that the transmission failure is caused by an inter-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed band in response to a probability being greater than or equal to a probability threshold, wherein the number of one or more indications of non-preferred resources is less than a number threshold; and / or the number of non-preferred resources is less than a number threshold.

[0195] In some example embodiments, the received information associated with the transmission collision includes an indication of the occurrence of an inter-system transmission collision in a previous transmission in the unlicensed band, and the component for determining that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band includes: a component for determining that the transmission failure was caused by an inter-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band in response to receiving an indication of the occurrence of an inter-system transmission collision in a previous transmission in the unlicensed band.

[0196] In some example embodiments, the information associated with transmission conflicts includes sidelink user equipment coordination information.

[0197] In some example embodiments, the cause of transmission failure is determined implicitly or explicitly based on information associated with transmission conflicts.

[0198] In some example embodiments, the information associated with a transmission collision includes auxiliary information used to implicitly determine the cause of the transmission failure.

[0199] In some example embodiments, the information associated with a transmission collision includes the reason for the transmission failure.

[0200] In some example embodiments, the transmission includes a sidelink transmission, and the information associated with the transmission conflict is received from the receiving device of the sidelink transmission or another device.

[0201] In some aspects, a computer-readable storage medium includes program instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a processor of a device, cause the device to perform a method according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A first device for adjusting the size of a contention window, comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory, including computer program code; The at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, together with the at least one processor, to cause the first device to: Determine the occurrence of transmission failures in unlicensed frequency bands; The cause of the transmission failure is determined based on received information associated with the transmission conflict, the cause of the failure being one of the following: (i) an intra-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed band, the intra-system transmission conflict including transmission conflicts within a sidelink system, and (ii) an inter-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed band, the inter-system transmission conflict including transmission conflicts between a sidelink system and a wireless fidelity system; and Adjust the size of the contention window used for the listen-then-speak process based on the reason for the transmission failure: For transmission conflicts within the system, reduce the size of the contention window; and For inter-system transmission conflicts, increase the size of the contention window.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the device is further configured to: Detect the information associated with the transmission conflict.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the information associated with the transmission collision includes an indication of the occurrence of an intra-system transmission collision in a previous transmission in the unlicensed band, and the device is configured to determine that the failure of the transmission was caused by the intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band by: In response to receiving an indication that an intra-system transmission conflict has occurred in the previously transmitted unlicensed band, it is determined that the failure of the transmission was caused by the intra-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed band.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein the information associated with the transmission conflict includes multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission conflicts in the unlicensed frequency band, and the device is configured to determine that the failure of the transmission is caused by the intra-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed frequency band by: Prior to the occurrence of the transmission failure, receive the plurality of indications of the plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts in the unlicensed frequency band; Determine whether the transmission conflict level of the potential intra-system transmission conflict among the plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is higher than or equal to a level threshold; and Based on the determination that the transmission conflict level of one of the plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is higher than or equal to the level threshold, it is determined that the transmission failure is caused by the intra-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed frequency band.

5. The device of claim 4, wherein the device is configured to determine whether the transmission conflict level of one of the plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is higher than or equal to the level threshold by: The transmission conflict level of the potential intra-system transmission conflict among the plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is determined to be higher than or equal to the level threshold in response to at least one of the following: The number of the multiple indications of the multiple potential intra-system transmission conflicts is greater than or equal to a number threshold; or The received power of the plurality of indications of the plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is higher than or equal to a power threshold.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein the information associated with the transmission conflict includes one or more indications of non-preferred resources associated with the unlicensed frequency band, and the device is configured to determine that the failure of the transmission is caused by the intra-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed frequency band by: Receive one or more indications for the non-preferred resources associated with the unlicensed frequency band; Based on the one or more indications of the non-preferred resources, determine the likelihood of an intra-system transmission conflict occurring in the unlicensed frequency band; and In response to the probability being higher than or equal to a probability threshold, it is determined that the failure of the transmission is caused by an intra-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed frequency band.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the apparatus is configured to determine that the failure of the transmission is caused by an intra-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed frequency band by: In response to a probability being higher than or equal to the probability threshold, the failure of the transmission is determined to be caused by an intra-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed frequency band if: The number of one or more indications of the non-preferred resource is greater than or equal to a number threshold; and / or The number of non-preferred resources is higher than or equal to the quantity threshold.

8. The device according to claim 6 or 7, further comprising: In response to the fact that the resources used for previous transmissions follow the pattern of the non-preferred resources in both the time and frequency domains, the probability is determined to be higher than or equal to the probability threshold.

9. The device of claim 1, wherein the information associated with the transmission conflict includes one or more indications associated with an intra-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed band, and the device is configured to determine that the failure of the transmission is caused by an inter-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed band by: Determine whether one or more indications associated with the intra-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed frequency band have been received; and In response to the absence of one or more indications associated with the intra-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed band, it is determined that the transmission failure was caused by the inter-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed band.

10. The device of claim 9, wherein the one or more indications associated with the intra-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed frequency band include at least one of the following: Indication of an intra-system transmission conflict that occurred in a previous transmission within the unlicensed frequency band; Multiple indications of potential intra-system transmission conflicts in the unlicensed frequency band; or One or more indications of non-preferred resources associated with the unlicensed frequency band.

11. The device of claim 10, wherein the received information associated with the transmission conflict includes multiple indications of multiple potential intra-system transmission conflicts in the unlicensed frequency band, and the device is configured to determine that the failure of the transmission is caused by the inter-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed frequency band by: In response to receiving the plurality of indications of potential intra-system transmission conflicts in the unlicensed frequency band prior to the occurrence of the transmission failure, it is determined whether the transmission conflict level of one of the potential intra-system transmission conflicts is below a level threshold; and If the transmission conflict level of one of the plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is determined to be lower than the level threshold, it is determined that the transmission failure is caused by the inter-system transmission conflict.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the apparatus is configured to determine whether the transmission conflict level of one of the plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is below the level threshold by: The transmission conflict level of one of the plurality of potential intra-system transmission conflicts is determined to be below the level threshold in response to at least one of the following: The number of the multiple indications of the multiple potential intra-system transmission conflicts is less than a number threshold; or The received power of the multiple indications of the multiple potential intra-system transmission conflicts is below the power threshold.

13. The device of claim 10, wherein the received information associated with the transmission conflict includes one or more indications of non-preferred resources associated with the unlicensed frequency band, and the device is configured to determine that the failure of the transmission is caused by the inter-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed frequency band by: In response to receiving one or more indications of the non-preferred resource associated with the unlicensed frequency band, the possibility that an intra-system transmission conflict has occurred in the unlicensed frequency band is determined based on the one or more indications of the non-preferred resource; and In response to the probability being lower than a probability threshold, it is determined that the failure of the transmission is caused by an inter-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed frequency band.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the apparatus is configured to determine that the failure of the transmission is caused by an inter-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed frequency band by: In response to a probability being higher than or equal to the probability threshold, the failure of the transmission is determined to be caused by an inter-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed frequency band if: The number of one or more indications of the non-preferred resources is less than a number threshold; and / or The number of non-preferred resources is below the quantity threshold.

15. The device of claim 1, wherein the received information associated with the transmission conflict includes an indication of the occurrence of an inter-system transmission conflict in a previous transmission in the unlicensed band, and the device is configured to determine that the failure of the transmission was caused by the inter-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed band by: In response to receiving an indication that an inter-system transmission conflict has occurred in the previously transmitted unlicensed band, it is determined that the failure of the transmission was caused by the inter-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed band.

16. The device of claim 1, wherein the information associated with the transmission conflict includes sidelink user equipment coordination information.

17. The device of claim 1, wherein the cause of the transmission failure is determined implicitly or explicitly based on the information associated with the transmission conflict.

18. The device of claim 1, wherein the information associated with the transmission conflict includes auxiliary information for implicitly determining the cause of the transmission failure.

19. The device of claim 1, wherein the information associated with the transmission conflict includes the reason for the failure of the transmission.

20. The device according to any one of claims 16 to 19, wherein the transmission includes a sidelink transmission, and wherein the information associated with the transmission conflict is received from a receiving device of the sidelink transmission or another device.

21. A method for adjusting the size of a contention window, comprising: Determine the occurrence of transmission failures in unlicensed frequency bands; The cause of the transmission failure is determined based on received information associated with the transmission conflict, the cause of the failure being one of the following: (i) an intra-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed band, the intra-system transmission conflict including transmission conflicts within a sidelink system, and (ii) an inter-system transmission conflict in the unlicensed band, the inter-system transmission conflict including transmission conflicts between a sidelink system and a wireless fidelity system; and Adjust the size of the contention window used for the listen-then-speak process based on the reason for the transmission failure: For transmission conflicts within the system, reduce the size of the contention window; and For inter-system transmission conflicts, increase the size of the contention window.

22. A device for adjusting the size of a contention window, comprising: Components used to determine the occurrence of transmission failures in unlicensed frequency bands; Components for determining the cause of the transmission failure based on received information associated with a transmission collision, the cause of the failure being one of: (i) an intra-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band, the intra-system transmission collision including transmission collisions within a sidelink system; and (ii) an inter-system transmission collision in the unlicensed band, the inter-system transmission collision including transmission collisions between a sidelink system and a wireless fidelity system; and A component for adjusting the size of the contention window for the listen-then-speak process based on the reason for the failure of the transmission: For transmission conflicts within the system, reduce the size of the contention window; and For inter-system transmission conflicts, increase the size of the contention window.

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