A crude alcohol gas-phase hydrogenation reactor

Abstract

This invention relates to a crude alcohol gas-phase hydrogenation reactor. Multiple catalyst support beams within the reactor shell are centrally connected to a hydrogenation pipe. The lower part of the hydrogenation pipe is connected to a cold hydrogen pipe. Multiple temperature control mechanisms are arranged along the height of the hydrogenation pipe. Each temperature control mechanism includes a delivery pipe, control components, and gas distribution pipes. The delivery pipe is connected to the hydrogenation pipe, and multiple control components are spaced apart on the delivery pipe. Each control component is connected to multiple gas distribution pipes. When the gas-phase hydrogenation reactor is at its set normal reaction temperature, the control components disconnect the delivery pipe from the gas distribution pipes. When the temperature exceeds the set normal reaction temperature, the control components connect the delivery pipes to the gas distribution pipes and release cold hydrogen into the catalyst column through the gas distribution pipes. This invention is a hydrogenation reactor capable of temperature control within each catalyst bed, ensuring the normal operation of the catalytic hydrogenation reaction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogenation reactor technology, and specifically to a crude alcohol gas-phase hydrogenation reactor. Background Technology

[0002] After filtration and fractionation of the MTO byproducts, a mixture containing various substances such as water, methanol, acetaldehyde, acetone, butyraldehyde, and butanone is obtained. In industrial production, this is usually referred to as "crude alcohol." Because the components in crude alcohol easily form azeotropes, they need to be catalytically hydrogenated to form various alcohols before they can be easily separated. The hydrogenation reaction is completed in a hydrogenation reactor. The performance of the internal equipment of the hydrogenation reactor, together with the performance of the catalyst, determines the advancement of the hydrogenation process. Currently, reactors generally have two or more catalyst beds. The hydrogenation reaction is an exothermic process. The temperature of the gas flow after passing through the catalyst will rise, which is no longer conducive to the catalytic hydrogenation reaction. Furthermore, when the temperature is too high, the hydrogenation catalyst may also cause overheating, carbon deposition, and coking.

[0003] Existing hydrogenation reactors have a cold hydrogen tank between the two beds, such as the cold hydrogen tank for hydrogenation reactor disclosed in patent application number 202010539757.3, which is used to cool the material flowing to the next bed. However, the cold hydrogen tank can only cool the material between the two beds and cannot cool the inside of the catalyst. When the temperature inside the catalyst in the upper bed rises too high, overheating, carbon deposition, and coking may still occur inside the catalyst, making it difficult to effectively control the normal progress of the hydrogenation reaction. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a crude alcohol gas-phase hydrogenation reactor. The purpose is to provide a hydrogenation reactor capable of temperature control within each catalyst bed, thereby maintaining the catalyst's high catalytic efficiency and ensuring the normal progress of the catalytic hydrogenation reaction.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A crude alcohol gas-phase hydrogenation reactor includes a shell, an inlet diffuser, a distributor, a catalyst support beam, an outlet collector, and a catalyst discharge pipe. Each catalyst support beam has a catalyst column above it. A hydrogenation pipe passes through the center of multiple catalyst support beams, and the lower part of the hydrogenation pipe connects to a cold hydrogen pipe. Multiple temperature control mechanisms are embedded at intervals along the height of each catalyst column. Each temperature control mechanism consists of multiple temperature control mechanisms arranged in a circumferential array around the hydrogenation pipe. Each temperature control mechanism includes a delivery pipe, control components, and a gas distribution pipe. The delivery pipe connects to the hydrogenation pipe, and multiple control components are spaced apart on the delivery pipe. Each control component connects to multiple gas distribution pipes. When the gas-phase hydrogenation reactor is at its set normal reaction temperature, the control components disconnect the delivery pipe from the gas distribution pipes. When the temperature exceeds the set normal reaction temperature, the control components connect the delivery pipe to the gas distribution pipes and release cold hydrogen into the catalyst column through the gas distribution pipes.

[0007] Furthermore, the conveying pipeline is a tree-shaped branching pipeline formed by connecting multiple sections of circular pipes. The conveying pipeline is equipped with multiple tees, each tee with its branch pipe facing upwards. Each tee's branch pipe is connected to a control component at its end. The gas distribution pipe is evenly distributed with hydrogen gas ejection holes, and the multiple gas distribution pipes extend outwards from the upper surface of the control component as the center.

[0008] Furthermore, the coverage area of ​​each temperature control mechanism is fan-shaped, and multiple temperature control mechanisms belonging to the same group form a circular coverage area.

[0009] Furthermore, the control component includes a temperature control shell, a control core, and a cover. The bottom plate of the temperature control shell has a first through hole eccentrically provided, and the upper end of the temperature control shell is closed by the cover. The cover has multiple vent holes for connecting the gas distribution pipe. The control core is located inside the temperature control shell. The control core includes an adjustment disc and a bimetallic spiral. The adjustment disc has a second through hole eccentrically provided. The adjustment disc slides in contact with the inner bottom surface of the temperature control shell. There is a bimetallic spiral between the adjustment disc and the cover. The bimetallic spiral is formed by bending a metal sheet made of two metals pressed together into a spiral shape. One end of the bimetallic spiral is fixedly connected to the cover, and the other end is connected to the adjustment disc.

[0010] Furthermore, the sidewall of the temperature control shell is evenly distributed with vent holes. The vent holes at the top of the temperature control shell are inclined upwards, and the vent holes at the bottom of the temperature control shell are inclined downwards. A venting ring is provided on the inner side of the bimetallic spiral. The lower end of the venting ring is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the adjustment plate outside the second through hole, and the upper end is in sliding contact with the lower surface of the cover.

[0011] Furthermore, the lower end of the hydrogenation pipe extends downward and connects to the catalyst discharge pipe. A switching assembly is provided inside the hydrogenation pipe. The switching assembly includes a drive crank and a switching tube. The outer wall of the switching tube slides in contact with the inner wall of the hydrogenation pipe. The switching tube has multiple sets of hydrogen outlet holes, each set of hydrogen outlet holes corresponding to a set of temperature control mechanisms. Each set of hydrogen outlet holes has a square through hole below it. The hydrogenation pipe has discharge holes that are staggered vertically with the square through holes. The upper end of the switching tube has multiple inwardly protruding annular ribs. The drive crank is rotatably connected to the upper end of the hydrogenation pipe. The lower end of the drive crank extends into the inner side of the switching tube and is connected to a worm gear. The helical teeth on the worm gear mesh with the annular ribs.

[0012] Furthermore, when the square through hole is opposite to the discharge hole, the hydrogen outlet hole is misaligned with the temperature control mechanism; when the hydrogen outlet hole is opposite to the temperature control mechanism, the square through hole is misaligned with the discharge hole.

[0013] Furthermore, limiting ribs are provided above and below the multiple annular ribs. When the square through hole is opposite to the discharge hole, the helical teeth on the worm gear contact the upper limiting rib of the two limiting ribs. When the hydrogen outlet hole is opposite to the temperature control mechanism, the helical teeth on the worm gear contact the lower limiting rib of the two limiting ribs.

[0014] Furthermore, the hydrogen outlet hole is inclined upwards from the inner wall to the outer wall of the switching tube.

[0015] Furthermore, the outer wall of the switching tube is provided with vertical guide ribs, and the inner wall of the hydrogenation tube is provided with vertical guide grooves. The guide ribs extend into the guide grooves to ensure that the switching tube can only slide up and down.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention through the above technical solution are as follows:

[0017] The temperature control mechanism of this invention can cool both local and overall catalyst columns, enabling rapid and flexible adjustment of the gas flow temperature through the catalyst. This maintains a stable overall temperature of the catalyst column, ensuring catalytic performance and preventing carbon buildup or coking due to overheating. It also ensures a smooth hydrogenation reaction, guaranteeing normal catalytic hydrogenation and extending the catalyst's catalytic life.

[0018] This invention utilizes the property of bimetallic spirals to deform when the temperature changes for temperature control, automatically releasing cold hydrogen and achieving spontaneous temperature control. This can replace expensive control equipment and save on equipment investment.

[0019] The temperature control mechanism of this invention is small in size and is embedded inside the catalyst column. It can replace the cold hydrogen box and also has the unexpected effect of increasing the catalyst loading and improving the reaction efficiency.

[0020] The permeable pores of this invention allow the bimetallic spiral to contact the gas flow inside the gas-phase hydrogenation reactor, making it more sensitive to temperature changes. This enables a rapid response to temperature changes within the gas-phase hydrogenation reactor and allows for faster and more precise temperature control inside the catalyst.

[0021] The hydrogenation pipe of the present invention is also equipped with a switching component, which can be used as a pipeline for unloading catalyst after the reaction is completed, thereby reducing the material unloading process after the reaction and reducing the labor intensity of workers. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Sectional view along axis AA;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the temperature control mechanism of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a partial sectional front view of the temperature control mechanism of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the control core of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a front view of the control core of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature control shell of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the hydrogenation tube of the present invention.

[0030] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Shell; 2. Inlet diffuser; 3. Distributor; 4. Catalyst support beam; 5. Catalyst column; 6. Outlet collector; 7. Catalyst discharge pipe; 8. Hydrogenation pipe; 9. Cold hydrogen pipe; 10. Temperature control mechanism; 11. Delivery pipe; 12. Control component; 13. Gas distribution pipe; 14. Metal flexible hose; 15. T-joint; 16. Temperature control shell; 17. Control core; 18. Cover; 19. First connecting hole; 20. First through hole; 21. Adjusting disc; 22. Bimetallic spiral; 23. Second connecting hole; 24. Second through hole; 25. Vent hole; 26. Vent ring; 27. Drive handle; 28. Switching pipe; 29. ​​Hydrogen outlet hole; 30. Square through hole; 31. Discharge hole; 32. Worm gear; 33. Circular ring rib; 34. Limiting rib; 35. Shut-off valve; 36. Slide valve; 37. Thermocouple. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0032] It should be noted that the directional terms "front", "back", "left", "right", "up", "down", "bottom", and "top" used in the following description refer to the directions shown in the attached diagram, while the terms "inside" and "outside" refer to the directions toward or away from the geometric center of a specific component, respectively.

[0033] like Figures 1-2 As shown, a crude alcohol gas-phase hydrogenation reactor includes a shell 1, an inlet diffuser 2, a distributor 3, catalyst support beams 4, an outlet collector 6, and a catalyst discharge pipe 7. The inlet diffuser 2 is located at the upper end of the shell 1, and the distributor 3 is located below the inlet diffuser 2. Multiple catalyst support beams 4 are spaced apart along the height direction inside the shell 1. Each catalyst support beam 4 has a catalyst column 5 above it. The catalyst column 5 is a material segment occupying a certain cylindrical space formed by the accumulation of catalyst material. The outlet collector 6 is located at the lower end of the shell 1, and a catalyst discharge pipe 7 connecting to the outside of the shell 1 is located on one side of the outlet collector 6. A hydrogenation pipe 8 passes through the center of multiple catalyst support beams 4. The lower part of the hydrogenation pipe 8 connects to a cold hydrogen pipe 9, and the upper end of the hydrogenation pipe 8 protrudes from the uppermost catalyst column 5. Multiple sets of temperature control devices are embedded spaced apart along the height direction inside each catalyst column 5. Mechanism 10, each temperature control mechanism 10 is composed of multiple temperature control mechanisms 10 arranged in a circumferential array along the hydrogenation pipe 8. The temperature control mechanism 10 includes a delivery pipe 11, control components 12, and gas distribution pipes 13. The delivery pipe 11 is connected to the hydrogenation pipe 8, and a metal hose 14 is connected to the end of the delivery pipe 11. The metal hose 14 is connected to the hydrogenation pipe 8. The hydrogenation pipe 8 is equipped with a quick connector for quick connection with the metal hose 14. Multiple control components 12 are spaced apart on the delivery pipe 11, and each control component 12 is connected to multiple gas distribution pipes 13. When the normal reaction temperature set by the gas phase hydrogenation reactor is reached, the control component 12 cuts off the connection between the delivery pipe 11 and the gas distribution pipes 13. When the temperature is higher than the normal reaction temperature set by the gas phase hydrogenation reactor, the control component 12 connects the delivery pipe 11 and the gas distribution pipes 13 and releases cold hydrogen into the catalyst column 5 through the gas distribution pipes 13.

[0034] The conveying pipe 11 is a tree-shaped branching pipe formed by fixedly connecting multiple round pipes. The conveying pipe 11 is provided with multiple tees 15, and the branch pipes of each tee 15 are all facing upwards. The end of the branch pipe of each tee 15 is connected to a control element 12. The gas distribution pipe 13 is evenly distributed with hydrogen gas ejection holes (not shown in the figure). Multiple gas distribution pipes 13 extend outwards from the upper surface of the control element 12 as the center. The branch pipes of the tees 15 are facing upwards, and the gas distribution pipes 13 are located above the control element 12. This allows the cold hydrogen to contact the control element 12 and the catalyst near the control element 12 when it is released into the catalyst column 5 and flows downwards. The control element 12 and a portion of the catalyst that the control element 12 can adjust are within the same temperature control range, which can accurately adjust the temperature of the catalyst.

[0035] like Figure 2 As shown, the coverage area of ​​each temperature control mechanism 10 is fan-shaped, and multiple temperature control mechanisms 10 belonging to the same group form a circular coverage area.

[0036] like Figures 3-7As shown, the control component 12 includes a temperature control shell 16, a control core 17, and a cover 18. The temperature control shell 16 is a cylindrical body with its opening facing upwards. The lower end of the outer wall of the temperature control shell 16 seals the branch pipe opening of the tee 15. The lower end of the temperature control shell 16 is provided with an external thread and is threaded to the branch pipe of the tee 15. The bottom plate of the temperature control shell 16 has a first connecting hole 19 at its center and a first through hole 20 eccentrically provided. The upper end of the temperature control shell 16 is closed by the cover 18, which has multiple air outlets for connecting to the air distribution pipe 13. The control core 17 is located inside the temperature control shell 16. The control core 17 includes an adjusting plate 21 and a bimetallic spiral 22. The adjusting plate 21 has a second connecting hole 23 at its center and a second through hole 24 eccentrically provided. The second through hole 24 and the... The first through holes 20 are all the same shape and size. The first connecting hole 19 and the second connecting hole 23 are coaxially opposite each other. The adjusting plate 21 and the temperature control shell 16 are rotatably connected by a connector passing through the first connecting hole 19 and the second connecting hole 23. The connector is a rivet or hinge, etc., that can ensure the rotatable connection between the adjusting plate 21 and the temperature control shell 16. The adjusting plate 21 slides in contact with the inner bottom surface of the temperature control shell 16. There is a bimetallic spiral 22 between the adjusting plate 21 and the cover 18. The bimetallic spiral 22 is formed by bending a metal sheet made of two metals into a spiral shape. The two metals have different expansion rates when the temperature changes. One end of the bimetallic spiral 22 is fixedly connected to the cover 18, and the other end is connected to the adjusting plate 21. The bimetallic spiral 22 expands when heated. The lower end of the expanding bimetallic spiral 22 can drive the regulating disk 21 to rotate. When the set temperature is reached, the first through hole 20 and the second through hole 24 are connected. For example, the gas-phase hydrogenation temperature of butyraldehyde is 125℃-150℃, and the yield of butyraldehyde reaches its highest at 125℃-135℃. Therefore, the normal reaction temperature set for the gas-phase hydrogenation reactor in this embodiment is 125℃-135℃. When the control element 12 of the present invention is at 135℃, the projections of the edges of the first through hole 20 and the second through hole 24 on the horizontal plane are in contact, and they are about to be connected. As long as the internal temperature of the catalyst where the control element 12 is located exceeds 135℃, the first through hole 20 and the second through hole 24 will be connected (of course, it can also be set according to different catalytic hydrogenation reactions). Other temperature values) allow cold hydrogen to enter the gas distribution pipe 13 through the first through hole 20 and the second through hole 24, and flow into the catalyst column 5 through the hydrogen ejection hole of the gas distribution pipe 13 to locally cool the catalyst. In the actual processing of the first through hole 20 and the second through hole 24, the bimetallic spiral 22 is first fixedly connected to the cap 18 and the regulating plate 21. The bimetallic spiral is heated. During the heating process, the bimetallic spiral drives the regulating plate to rotate. When the temperature reaches 135°C, it is held for five minutes. Then, the first through hole 20 is drilled on the temperature control shell 16, and the projection of the first through hole 20 is drawn on the regulating plate 21. Then, the temperature continues to rise. When the projection of the first through hole 20 on the regulating plate 21 is about to be misaligned with the first through hole 20,A second through hole 24 is drilled into the adjusting plate 21 through the first through hole 20, with the first and second through holes facing each other. The first and second through holes can be fan-shaped, circular, or square, with a fan-shaped hole being preferred. After drilling the first and second through holes, the temperature is lowered to room temperature. Because this invention is only used at the normal reaction temperature of gas-phase hydrogenation, and temperature fluctuations are only around this temperature, it is sufficient to ensure that the first and second through holes do not connect at 120℃-135℃. It is not necessary to consider whether the first and second through holes 20 and 24 will connect at temperatures significantly different from the normal reaction temperature of gas-phase hydrogenation.

[0037] The temperature control shell 16 has vent holes 25 evenly distributed on its sidewalls. The vent holes 25 at the top of the temperature control shell 16 are inclined upwards, and the vent holes 25 at the bottom of the temperature control shell 16 are inclined downwards. A venting ring 26 is provided inside the bimetallic spiral 22. The venting ring 26 is a circular ring with an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the bimetallic spiral 22. The lower end of the venting ring 26 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the adjusting plate 21 outside the second through hole 24, and the upper end is in sliding contact with the lower surface of the cover 18, so that cold hydrogen enters the gas distribution pipe 13 through the venting ring 26 without being affected by the vent holes 25. The function of the vent holes 25 is to allow the bimetallic spiral 22 to contact the gas flow in the gas phase hydrogenation reactor. Compared with the bimetallic spiral being closed inside the temperature control shell, the bimetallic spiral is more sensitive to temperature changes after the vent holes 25 are set, so that it can respond quickly to temperature changes in the gas phase hydrogenation reactor and control the temperature inside the catalyst more quickly and accurately.

[0038] like Figure 1 and Figure 8 As shown, the lower end of the hydrogenation pipe 8 extends downward and connects to the catalyst discharge pipe 7. A switching assembly is provided inside the hydrogenation pipe 8. The switching assembly includes a drive crank 27 and a switching tube 28. The switching tube 28 is a cylindrical tube, and its outer wall slides in contact with the inner wall of the hydrogenation pipe 8. The switching tube 28 has multiple sets of hydrogen outlet holes 29, each corresponding to a set of temperature control mechanisms 10. Each set of hydrogen outlet holes 29 corresponds one-to-one with multiple temperature control mechanisms 10 within the set of temperature control mechanisms 10. Each group of hydrogen outlet holes 29 is provided with a square through hole 30 below it. The hydrogen filling pipe 8 is provided with a discharge hole 31 that is staggered vertically with the square through hole 30. The discharge hole 31 is close to the lower temperature control mechanism 10 of the two adjacent temperature control mechanisms 10. The upper end of the switching pipe 28 is arranged with multiple inwardly protruding annular ribs 33. The drive handle 27 is rotatably connected to the upper end of the hydrogen filling pipe 8. The lower end of the drive handle 27 extends into the inner side of the switching pipe 28 and is connected to a worm gear 32. The helical teeth on the worm gear 32 mesh with the annular ribs 33.

[0039] When the square through hole 30 is opposite to the discharge hole 31, the hydrogen outlet hole 29 is misaligned with the temperature control mechanism 10. When the hydrogen outlet hole 29 is opposite to the temperature control mechanism 10, the square through hole 30 is misaligned with the discharge hole 31, and the lower end of the switching pipe 28 is closed to the cold hydrogen pipeline 9. Because the stage of adding cold hydrogen and the stage of discharging after the reaction are not in the same stage, through the switching action of the switching component, the hydrogenation pipe 8 can be used as a pipeline for adding cold hydrogen and also as a catalyst discharge pipe after the reaction, thereby reducing the feeding procedure after the reaction. The catalyst of each layer can enter the hydrogenation pipe through the corresponding discharge hole on the hydrogenation pipe 8 and be discharged directly through the catalyst discharge pipe 7, instead of discharging layer by layer as in the previous technology. When discharging, the hydrogen outlet hole 29 is closed, and the catalyst will not enter the temperature control mechanism 10. When adding hydrogen, the hydrogen outlet hole 29 is opened, and the discharge hole 31 is closed. They do not affect the realization of their respective functions.

[0040] Each of the multiple annular ribs 33 is provided with a limiting rib 34 above and below. When the square through hole 30 is opposite to the discharge hole 31, the helical teeth on the worm 32 contact the upper limiting rib 34 of the two limiting ribs 34. When the hydrogen outlet hole 29 is opposite to the temperature control mechanism 10, the helical teeth on the worm 32 contact the lower limiting rib 34 of the two limiting ribs 34.

[0041] The hydrogen outlet hole 29 is inclined upward from the inner wall to the outer wall of the switching pipe 28 to avoid the catalyst remaining in the hydrogen outlet hole 29 during unloading.

[0042] The outer wall of the switching tube 28 is provided with a vertical guide rib (not shown in the figure), and the inner wall of the hydrogenation tube 8 is provided with a vertical guide groove (not shown in the figure). The guide rib extends into the guide groove to ensure that the switching tube 28 can only slide up and down.

[0043] The cold hydrogen pipeline 9 is equipped with a shut-off valve 35, and the connection end between the cold hydrogen pipeline 9 and the hydrogen filling pipeline 8 is provided with a downwardly inclined connecting section. The catalyst discharge pipeline 7 is equipped with a gate valve 36, and a thermocouple 37 is provided above each catalyst column 5. In the prior art, the thermocouples are linked to the cold hydrogen tank. When the thermocouple detects that the gas flow temperature is too high, the cold hydrogen tank discharges cold hydrogen to cool the gas flow. However, in this invention, the thermocouple 37 only serves a monitoring function and does not need to be linked to the temperature control mechanism 10. It is only used to monitor whether the temperature control mechanism 10 is operating normally. Existing thermocouples measure the temperature of a single point, not the temperature of the entire surface, which has limitations. If a locally overheated gas happens to flow through the measuring end of the thermocouple, then... In some technologies, the gas flow in the reactor is overheated, requiring the opening of the cold hydrogen tank for cooling. However, excessive cooling can lead to shallow catalytic depth and low reaction conversion rate. Conversely, when other parts are overheated but the gas flow through the thermocouple measuring end is not, the existing technology displays a normal temperature and does not open the cold hydrogen tank. This can cause catalyst overheating and coking due to slow cooling. This invention does not require thermocouple control. Instead, it utilizes the characteristic of a bimetallic spiral that changes its shape when the temperature changes. During the process of the bimetallic spiral changing its shape, it spontaneously completes the selection process of whether to inject cold hydrogen to cool the catalyst or not. Moreover, this invention can operate spontaneously when the temperature changes, and the reaction is highly sensitive.

[0044] In use, this invention is basically the same as a conventional gas-phase hydrogenation reactor. The difference is that conventional gas-phase hydrogenation reactors do not have a temperature control mechanism 10 inside the catalyst column, so they cannot precisely control the catalyst column 5. When a local gas flow rate is slow inside the catalyst column 5, the catalyst in that area will overheat and produce carbon deposits or coking. At the same time, the local high temperature will also cause the corresponding catalyst below to experience a rapid temperature rise, which will seriously affect the catalytic effect and service life of the catalyst. The temperature control mechanism 10 of this invention can cool the catalyst column 5 locally inside the catalyst column 5. Because multiple temperature control mechanisms 10 form a circular covering surface, they can cool both local areas and the entire catalyst column 5, making temperature regulation more flexible. This keeps the overall temperature of the catalyst column 5 stable, thereby ensuring the catalytic effect, preventing the catalyst from overheating and producing carbon deposits or coking, and ensuring that the entire hydrogenation reaction proceeds smoothly. This ensures the normal catalytic hydrogenation reaction and extends the catalytic life of the catalyst.

[0045] This invention utilizes the characteristic of the bimetallic spiral 22 to deform under temperature changes for temperature control, automatically releasing cold hydrogen and achieving spontaneous temperature control. Unlike existing technologies, it does not require an expensive linkage temperature control system. The temperature control mechanism 10 of this invention is simply a pipe embedded inside the catalyst column 5, which does not occupy a large space. This invention can replace the cold hydrogen tank. Because it eliminates the large volume of the cold hydrogen tank, it can effectively increase the amount of catalyst loaded. While increasing the amount of catalyst loaded, it can also increase the space velocity and still ensure the catalytic depth and conversion rate. That is, from the perspective of replacing the cold hydrogen tank, the temperature control mechanism of this invention also has the unexpected effect of improving reaction efficiency.

[0046] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention or the scope of disclosure.

Claims

1. A crude alcohol gas-phase hydrogenation reactor, comprising a shell (1), an inlet diffuser (2), a distributor (3), a catalyst support beam (4), an outlet collector (6), and a catalyst discharge pipe (7), characterized in that, Each catalyst support beam (4) has a catalyst column (5) above it. A hydrogenation pipe (8) is centrally located on the center of each catalyst support beam (4). The lower part of the hydrogenation pipe (8) is connected to a cold hydrogen pipe (9). Multiple temperature control mechanisms (10) are embedded at intervals along the height direction inside each catalyst column (5). Each temperature control mechanism (10) is composed of multiple temperature control mechanisms (10) arranged in a circular array along the circumference of the hydrogenation pipe (8). The temperature control mechanism (10) includes a delivery pipe (11), a control component (12), and a gas distribution pipe (13). 11) Connect the hydrogenation pipe (8). Multiple control components (12) are spaced apart on the conveying pipe (11). Each control component (12) is connected to multiple gas distribution pipes (13). When the normal reaction temperature of the gas phase hydrogenation reactor is set, the control component (12) cuts off the connection between the conveying pipe (11) and the gas distribution pipe (13). When the temperature is higher than the normal reaction temperature of the gas phase hydrogenation reactor, the control component (12) connects the conveying pipe (11) and the gas distribution pipe (13) and releases cold hydrogen into the catalyst column (5) through the gas distribution pipe (13). The control component (12) includes a temperature control shell (16), a control core (17), and a cover (18). The bottom plate of the temperature control shell (16) is provided with a first through hole (20) eccentrically. The upper end of the temperature control shell (16) is closed by the cover (18). The cover (18) is provided with multiple air outlets for connecting the air distribution pipe (13). The control core (17) is located inside the temperature control shell (16). The control core (17) includes an adjustment plate (21) and a bimetallic spiral (22). The adjustment plate (21) is provided with a second through hole (24) eccentrically. The adjustment plate (21) slides in contact with the inner bottom surface of the temperature control shell (16). There is a bimetallic spiral (22) between the adjustment plate (21) and the cover (18). The bimetallic spiral (22) is formed by bending a metal sheet made of two metals into a spiral shape. One end of the bimetallic spiral (22) is fixedly connected to the cover (18), and the other end is connected to the adjustment plate (21). Ventilation holes (25) are evenly distributed on the side wall of the temperature control shell (16). The ventilation holes (25) at the top of the temperature control shell (16) are inclined upwards, and the ventilation holes (25) at the bottom of the temperature control shell (16) are inclined downwards. A ventilation ring (26) is provided inside the bimetallic spiral (22). The lower end of the ventilation ring (26) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the adjustment plate (21) outside the second through hole (24), and the upper end is in sliding contact with the lower surface of the cover (18).

2. The crude alcohol gas-phase hydrogenation reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conveying pipe (11) is a tree-shaped branching pipe formed by connecting multiple round pipes. The conveying pipe (11) is provided with multiple tees (15), and the branch pipes of each tee (15) are all facing upwards. The end of the branch pipe of each tee (15) is connected to a control component (12). The gas distribution pipe (13) is evenly distributed with hydrogen gas ejection holes. The multiple gas distribution pipes (13) extend outwards from the upper surface of the control component (12) as the center.

3. The crude alcohol gas-phase hydrogenation reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each temperature control mechanism (10) has a fan-shaped coverage area, and multiple temperature control mechanisms (10) belonging to the same group form a circular coverage area.

4. The crude alcohol gas-phase hydrogenation reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the hydrogenation pipe (8) extends downward and connects to the catalyst discharge pipe (7). A switching assembly is provided inside the hydrogenation pipe (8). The switching assembly includes a drive crank (27) and a switching pipe (28). The outer wall of the switching pipe (28) slides in contact with the inner wall of the hydrogenation pipe (8). The switching pipe (28) is provided with multiple sets of hydrogen outlet holes (29). Each set of hydrogen outlet holes (29) corresponds to a set of temperature control mechanisms (10). Below each set of hydrogen outlet holes (29) is a... A square through hole (30) is provided. The hydrogenation pipe (8) is provided with a discharge hole (31) that is offset from the square through hole (30). The upper end of the switching pipe (28) is arranged with multiple inwardly protruding circular ribs (33). The drive handle (27) is rotatably connected to the upper end of the hydrogenation pipe (8). The lower end of the drive handle (27) extends into the inner side of the switching pipe (28) and is connected to a worm (32). The helical teeth on the worm (32) mesh with the circular ribs (33).

5. A crude alcohol gas-phase hydrogenation reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the square through hole (30) is opposite to the discharge hole (31), the hydrogen outlet hole (29) is misaligned with the temperature control mechanism (10).

6. A crude alcohol gas-phase hydrogenation reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that, The multiple annular ribs (33) are provided with limiting ribs (34) above and below. When the square through hole (30) is opposite to the discharge hole (31), the helical teeth on the worm (32) are in contact with the upper limiting rib (34) of the two limiting ribs (34). When the hydrogen outlet hole is opposite to the temperature control mechanism (10), the helical teeth on the worm (32) are in contact with the lower limiting rib (34) of the two limiting ribs (34).

7. A crude alcohol gas-phase hydrogenation reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that, The hydrogen outlet hole (29) is inclined upward from the inner wall to the outer wall of the switching tube (28).

8. A crude alcohol gas-phase hydrogenation reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outer wall of the switching tube (28) is provided with a vertical guide rib, and the inner wall of the hydrogenation tube (8) is provided with a vertical guide groove. The guide rib extends into the guide groove to ensure that the switching tube (28) can only slide up and down.

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