Power measurement received from a reference signal based on the peak value of the earliest path.

Abstract

On one hand, a wireless node (e.g., UE, gNB, etc.) receives a reference signal (RS-P) for positioning on the corresponding bandwidth of one or more paths, including the earliest path; and measures the reference signal received power (RSRP) associated with the earliest path of the RS-P based on the sum of energy in the corresponding bandwidth of at least a number of samples from the peak of the earliest path.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This patent application claims priority to Indian Patent Application No. 202141004421, filed on February 2, 2021, entitled “REFERENCE SIGNAL RECEIVEDPOWER MEASUREMENT BASED ON PEAK OF EARLIEST PATH”, which has been assigned to the assignee of this application and is hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0003] Public background

[0004] 1. Public domain

[0005] The various aspects of this disclosure generally relate to wireless communications.

[0006] 2. Relevant Technical Descriptions

[0007] Wireless communication systems have undergone several generations of development, including first-generation analog radiotelephone service (1G), second-generation (2G) digital radiotelephone service (including transitional 2.5G and 2.75G networks), third-generation (3G) high-speed data radio service with Internet capabilities, and fourth-generation (4G) service (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) or WiMax). Currently, many different types of wireless communication systems are in use, including cellular and Personal Communication Services (PCS) systems. Known examples of cellular systems include cellular analog Advanced Mobile Phone Systems (AMPS), and digital cellular systems based on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), etc.

[0008] The fifth-generation (5G) wireless standard (known as New Radio (NR)) demands higher data transmission speeds, a greater number of connections, better coverage, and other improvements. According to the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance (NGC), the 5G standard is designed to provide tens of megabits per second (Mbps) of data rate to each of tens of thousands of users, and 1 gigabits per second (Gbps) to dozens of employees on an office floor. It should support hundreds of thousands of simultaneous connections to support large-scale sensor deployments. Therefore, 5G mobile communication should have significantly improved spectral efficiency compared to the current 4G standard. Furthermore, signaling efficiency should be improved and latency significantly reduced compared to the current standard.

[0009] Overview

[0010] The following is a simplified overview relating to one or more aspects disclosed herein. Therefore, this overview should not be considered an exhaustive overview relating to all aspects of the conception, nor should it be considered to identify key or decisive elements relating to all aspects of the conception or to depict the scope associated with any particular aspect. Accordingly, the sole purpose of the following overview is to present, in a simplified form, certain concepts relating to one or more aspects of the mechanism disclosed herein before the detailed description given below.

[0011] In one aspect, a method of operating a wireless node includes: receiving a reference signal (RS-P) for positioning on a corresponding bandwidth on one or more paths, including the earliest path; and measuring the reference signal received power (RSRP) associated with the earliest path of the RS-P based on the sum of energy in the corresponding bandwidth over at least a number of samples starting from the peak of the earliest path.

[0012] In some respects, the at least one number of samples includes a single number of samples such that the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of the same number of samples on both sides of the peak of the earliest path.

[0013] In some respects, the single number of samples is derived from the corresponding bandwidth and the oversampling factor used to calculate the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) samples of the RS-P.

[0014] In some respects, the number of samples is zero, and the energy includes only the energy of samples associated with the peak of the earliest path.

[0015] In some respects, the time threshold is defined relative to the peak of the earliest path, and the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of any samples falling within that time threshold on either side of the peak of the earliest path.

[0016] In some respects, this time threshold is based on the corresponding bandwidth, or it is a parameter configured by the network.

[0017] In some respects, the at least one number of samples includes: a first number of samples before the peak of the earliest path and a second number of samples after the peak of the earliest path, wherein the first number of samples and the second number of samples are different.

[0018] In some respects, the first number of samples includes one or more samples from the peak of the earliest path to the first valley preceding the peak of the earliest path, and the second number of samples includes at least one sample from the peak of the earliest path to the first valley following the peak of the earliest path.

[0019] In some respects, the first valley before the peak of the earliest path is associated with a first energy, the first valley after the peak of the earliest path is associated with a second energy, and the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of one or more samples on the side of the peak of the earliest path that is associated with the lower of the first and second energies.

[0020] In some respects, the first valley before the peak of the earliest path to the peak of the earliest path is a first number of samples, wherein the first valley after the peak of the earliest path to the peak of the earliest path is a second number of samples, and wherein the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of one or more samples on the side associated only with the lower of the first number and the second number of samples to the peak of the earliest path.

[0021] In some respects, the RSRP is measured daily from antenna to ground, or the RSRP is measured as the average RSRP across multiple antenna pairs.

[0022] In some respects, this wireless node corresponds to a user equipment (UE) or a base station.

[0023] In some respects, the RS-P corresponds to the uplink probe reference signal (UL-SRS-P), downlink positioning reference signal (DL-PRS), or sidelink SRS-P (SL-SRS-P) used for positioning.

[0024] In some respects, the at least one number of samples, or the parameters used by the wireless node to derive the at least one number of samples, are network-configured.

[0025] In some respects, the method includes reporting the RSRP to external entities.

[0026] In some respects, the method includes: reporting another RSRP measurement based on the energy across multiple paths of the RS-P.

[0027] In some respects, the method includes deriving angle measurements based on the RSRP.

[0028] In some respects, the method includes reporting the derived angle measurement to an external entity.

[0029] In some respects, the method includes determining a positioning estimate of the user equipment (UE) based on the derived angle measurement.

[0030] In some respects, this angle measurement includes downlink departure angle (DL-AoD) measurement or uplink arrival angle (UL-AoA) measurement.

[0031] In one aspect, a wireless node includes: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: receive a reference signal (RS-P) for positioning on a corresponding bandwidth on one or more paths, including the earliest path; and measure the reference signal received power (RSRP) associated with the earliest path of the RS-P based on the sum of energy in the corresponding bandwidth within at least a number of samples from the peak of the earliest path.

[0032] In some respects, the at least one number of samples includes a single number of samples such that the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of the same number of samples on both sides of the peak of the earliest path.

[0033] In some respects, the at least one number of samples includes: a first number of samples before the peak of the earliest path and a second number of samples after the peak of the earliest path, wherein the first number of samples and the second number of samples are different.

[0034] In some respects, the first number of samples includes one or more samples from the peak of the earliest path to the first valley preceding the peak of the earliest path, and the second number of samples includes at least one sample from the peak of the earliest path to the first valley following the peak of the earliest path.

[0035] In some respects, the first valley before the peak of the earliest path is associated with a first energy, the first valley after the peak of the earliest path is associated with a second energy, and the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of one or more samples on the side of the peak of the earliest path that is associated with the lower of the first and second energies.

[0036] In some respects, the first valley before the peak of the earliest path to the peak of the earliest path is a first number of samples, wherein the first valley after the peak of the earliest path to the peak of the earliest path is a second number of samples, and wherein the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of one or more samples on the side associated only with the lower of the first number and the second number of samples to the peak of the earliest path.

[0037] In some respects, the RSRP is measured daily from antenna to ground, or the RSRP is measured as the average RSRP across multiple antenna pairs.

[0038] In some respects, this wireless node corresponds to a user equipment (UE) or a base station.

[0039] In some respects, the RS-P corresponds to the uplink probe reference signal (UL-SRS-P), downlink positioning reference signal (DL-PRS), or sidelink SRS-P (SL-SRS-P) used for positioning.

[0040] In some respects, the at least one number of samples, or the parameters used by the wireless node to derive the at least one number of samples, are network-configured.

[0041] In some respects, the at least one processor is further configured to report the RSRP to an external entity.

[0042] In some respects, the at least one processor is further configured to report another RSRP measurement based on the energy across multiple paths of the RS-P.

[0043] In some respects, the at least one processor is further configured to derive angle measurements based on the RSRP.

[0044] In some respects, the at least one processor is further configured to report the derived angle measurement to an external entity.

[0045] In some respects, the at least one processor is further configured to determine the positioning estimate of the user equipment (UE) based on the derived angle measurement.

[0046] In some respects, this angle measurement includes downlink departure angle (DL-AoD) measurement or uplink arrival angle (UL-AoA) measurement.

[0047] On one hand, the single number of samples is derived from the corresponding bandwidth and the oversampling factor used to calculate the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) samples of the RS-P.

[0048] On one hand, the number of individual samples is zero, and the energy includes only the energy of samples associated with the peak of the earliest path.

[0049] In one aspect, the time threshold is defined relative to the peak of the earliest path, and the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of any samples falling within the time threshold on either side of the peak of the earliest path.

[0050] In some respects, this time threshold is based on the corresponding bandwidth, or it is a parameter configured by the network.

[0051] In one aspect, a wireless node includes: means for receiving a reference signal (RS-P) for positioning on a corresponding bandwidth on one or more paths, including the earliest path; and means for measuring the reference signal received power (RSRP) associated with the earliest path of the RS-P based on the sum of energy in the corresponding bandwidth over at least a number of samples from the peak of the earliest path.

[0052] In some respects, the at least one number of samples includes a single number of samples such that the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of the same number of samples on both sides of the peak of the earliest path.

[0053] In some respects, the single number of samples is derived from the corresponding bandwidth and the oversampling factor used to calculate the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) samples of the RS-P.

[0054] In some respects, the number of samples is zero, and the energy includes only the energy of samples associated with the peak of the earliest path.

[0055] In some respects, the time threshold is defined relative to the peak of the earliest path, and the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of any samples falling within that time threshold on either side of the peak of the earliest path.

[0056] In some respects, this time threshold is based on the corresponding bandwidth, or it is a parameter configured by the network.

[0057] In some respects, the at least one number of samples includes: a first number of samples before the peak of the earliest path and a second number of samples after the peak of the earliest path, wherein the first number of samples and the second number of samples are different.

[0058] In some respects, the first number of samples includes one or more samples from the peak of the earliest path to the first valley preceding the peak of the earliest path, and the second number of samples includes at least one sample from the peak of the earliest path to the first valley following the peak of the earliest path.

[0059] In some respects, the first valley before the peak of the earliest path is associated with a first energy, the first valley after the peak of the earliest path is associated with a second energy, and the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of one or more samples on the side of the peak of the earliest path that is associated with the lower of the first and second energies.

[0060] In some respects, the first valley before the peak of the earliest path to the peak of the earliest path is a first number of samples, wherein the first valley after the peak of the earliest path to the peak of the earliest path is a second number of samples, and wherein the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of one or more samples on the side associated only with the lower of the first number and the second number of samples to the peak of the earliest path.

[0061] In some respects, the RSRP is measured daily from antenna to ground, or the RSRP is measured as the average RSRP across multiple antenna pairs.

[0062] In some respects, this wireless node corresponds to a user equipment (UE) or a base station.

[0063] In some respects, the RS-P corresponds to the uplink probe reference signal (UL-SRS-P), downlink positioning reference signal (DL-PRS), or sidelink SRS-P (SL-SRS-P) used for positioning.

[0064] In some respects, the at least one number of samples, or the parameters used by the wireless node to derive the at least one number of samples, are network-configured.

[0065] In some aspects, the method includes: means for reporting the RSRP to an external entity.

[0066] In some aspects, the method includes: means for reporting energy based on multiple paths across the RS-P and another RSRP measurement.

[0067] In some aspects, the method includes: a device for deriving angle measurements based on the RSRP.

[0068] In some aspects, the method includes: means for reporting the derived angle measurement to an external entity.

[0069] In some aspects, the method includes: means for determining a positioning estimate of a user equipment (UE) based on a derived angle measurement.

[0070] In some respects, this angle measurement includes downlink departure angle (DL-AoD) measurement or uplink arrival angle (UL-AoA) measurement.

[0071] In one aspect, a non-transient computer-readable medium storing an instruction set comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a wireless node, cause the wireless node to: receive a reference signal (RS-P) for positioning on a corresponding bandwidth on one or more paths, including the earliest path; and measure the reference signal received power (RSRP) associated with the earliest path of the RS-P based on the sum of energy over the corresponding bandwidth in at least a number of samples from the peak of the earliest path.

[0072] In some respects, the at least one number of samples includes a single number of samples such that the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of the same number of samples on both sides of the peak of the earliest path.

[0073] In some respects, the single number of samples is derived from the corresponding bandwidth and the oversampling factor used to calculate the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) samples of the RS-P.

[0074] In some respects, the number of samples is zero, and the energy includes only the energy of samples associated with the peak of the earliest path.

[0075] In some respects, the time threshold is defined relative to the peak of the earliest path, and the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of any samples falling within that time threshold on either side of the peak of the earliest path.

[0076] In some respects, this time threshold is based on the corresponding bandwidth, or it is a parameter configured by the network.

[0077] In some respects, the at least one number of samples includes: a first number of samples before the peak of the earliest path and a second number of samples after the peak of the earliest path, wherein the first number of samples and the second number of samples are different.

[0078] In some respects, the first number of samples includes one or more samples from the peak of the earliest path to the first valley preceding the peak of the earliest path, and the second number of samples includes at least one sample from the peak of the earliest path to the first valley following the peak of the earliest path.

[0079] In some respects, the first valley before the peak of the earliest path is associated with a first energy, the first valley after the peak of the earliest path is associated with a second energy, and the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of one or more samples on the side of the peak of the earliest path that is associated with the lower of the first and second energies.

[0080] In some respects, the first valley before the peak of the earliest path to the peak of the earliest path is a first number of samples, wherein the first valley after the peak of the earliest path to the peak of the earliest path is a second number of samples, and wherein the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of one or more samples on the side associated only with the lower of the first number of samples and the second number of samples to the peak of the earliest path.

[0081] In some respects, the RSRP is measured daily from antenna to ground, or the RSRP is measured as the average RSRP across multiple antenna pairs.

[0082] In some respects, this wireless node corresponds to a user equipment (UE) or a base station.

[0083] In some respects, the RS-P corresponds to the uplink probe reference signal (UL-SRS-P), downlink positioning reference signal (DL-PRS), or sidelink SRS-P (SL-SRS-P) used for positioning.

[0084] In some respects, the at least one number of samples, or the parameters used by the wireless node to derive the at least one number of samples, are network-configured.

[0085] In some respects, one or more instructions further enable the wireless node to report the RSRP to external entities.

[0086] In some respects, this one or more instructions further enable the wireless node to report energy and another RSRP measurement based on multiple paths across the RS-P.

[0087] In some respects, one or more instructions further enable the wireless node to derive angle measurements based on the RSRP.

[0088] In some respects, the one or more instructions further enable the wireless node to report the derived angle measurement to an external entity.

[0089] In some respects, the one or more instructions further enable the wireless node to determine the location estimate of the user equipment (UE) based on the derived angle measurement.

[0090] In some respects, this angle measurement includes downlink departure angle (DL-AoD) measurement or uplink arrival angle (UL-AoA) measurement.

[0091] Other objectives and advantages associated with the aspects disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the accompanying drawings and detailed description. Brief description of the attached diagram

[0093] The accompanying drawings are provided to help describe various aspects of this disclosure, and the drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only and not for limiting the aspects.

[0094] Figure 1 Example wireless communication systems based on various aspects of this disclosure are explained.

[0095] Figure 2A and 2B Example wireless network architectures based on various aspects of this disclosure are explained.

[0096] Figures 3A to 3C It is a simplified block diagram of several sample aspects of components that can be adopted in user equipment (UE), base stations, and network entities and configured to support communications as taught herein.

[0097] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the time-varying impulse response of a radio frequency (RF) channel according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0098] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example base station and an example UE communicating according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0099] Figure 6 The present disclosure describes the channel impulse response (CIR) (or alternatively, channel energy response (CER)) obtained in the time domain after performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) of the channel frequency response (CFR) for a reference signal (RS-P) used for positioning.

[0100] Figure 7 An exemplary process of wireless communication according to one aspect of this disclosure is explained.

[0101] Figure 8 The present disclosure describes, according to another aspect, the CIR (or alternatively, CER) obtained in the time domain after performing an IFFT of a CFR for RS-P.

[0102] Figure 9 The present disclosure describes, according to another aspect, the CIR (or alternatively, CER) obtained in the time domain after performing an IFFT of a CFR for RS-P.

[0103] Figure 10 The present disclosure describes, according to another aspect, the CIR (or alternatively, CER) obtained in the time domain after performing an IFFT of a CFR for RS-P.

[0104] Detailed description

[0105] Various aspects of this disclosure are provided below in the description and accompanying drawings of various examples provided for illustrative purposes. Alternative aspects may be designed without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Furthermore, elements well-known in this disclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted so as not to obscure the relevant details of this disclosure.

[0106] The terms “exemplary” and / or “example” are used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” and / or “example” is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than the others. Similarly, the term “aspects of this disclosure” does not require that all aspects of this disclosure include the features, advantages, or modes of operation discussed.

[0107] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the information and signals described below can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and arts. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referred to throughout the following description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof, depending in part on the specific application, in part on the desired design, in part on the corresponding technology, etc.

[0108] Furthermore, many aspects are described in the form of sequences of actions performed by elements of, for example, computing devices. It will be appreciated that the various actions described herein can be performed by special-purpose circuitry (e.g., application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs)), by program instructions being executed by one or more processors, or by a combination of both. Additionally, the sequences of actions described herein can be considered to be fully embodied in any form of non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a corresponding set of computer instructions that, upon execution, will cause an associated processor of the device to perform the functions described herein. Thus, various aspects of this disclosure can be embodied in several different forms, all of which are contemplated to fall within the scope of the claimed subject matter. Furthermore, for each aspect described herein, a corresponding form of any such aspect may be described herein as, for example, "logic configured to perform the described actions."

[0109] As used herein, the terms “User Equipment” (UE) and “Base Station” are not intended to be specific to or otherwise limited to any particular Radio Access Technology (RAT) unless otherwise stated. Generally, a UE can be any wireless communication device used by a user to communicate over a wireless communication network (e.g., mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, consumer asset tracking device, wearable device (e.g., smartwatch, glasses, augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) headset, etc.), vehicle (e.g., car, motorcycle, bicycle, etc.), Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc.). A UE can be mobile or can (e.g., at certain times) be stationary and can communicate with a Radio Access Network (RAN). As used herein, the term “UE” can be interchangeably referred to as “Access Terminal” or “AT”, “Client Equipment”, “Wireless Equipment”, “Subscriber Equipment”, “Subscriber Terminal”, “Subscriber Station”, “User Terminal” or “UT”, “Mobile Equipment”, “Mobile Terminal”, “Mobile Station”, or variations thereof. Generally, a UE can communicate with the core network via the RAN, and through the core network, the UE can connect to external networks (such as the Internet) and other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms for connecting to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible for the UE, such as through a wired access network, a wireless local area network (WLAN) (e.g., based on the IEEE 802.11 standard), and so on.

[0110] A base station may operate according to one of several RATs to communicate with a UE, depending on the network in which it is deployed, and may be alternatively referred to as an Access Point (AP), Network Node, B-Node, Evolved B-Node (eNB), Next Generation eNB (ng-eNB), New Radio (NR) B-Node (also referred to as gNB or gNodeB), etc. A base station may primarily be used to support radio access by the UE, including supporting data, voice, and / or signaling connections with the supported UE. In some systems, the base station may provide purely edge node signaling functions, while in others, it may provide additional control and / or network management functions. The communication link through which the UE can signal to the base station is called an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., reverse traffic channel, reverse control channel, access channel, etc.). The communication link through which the base station can signal to the UE is called a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., paging channel, control channel, broadcast channel, forward traffic channel, etc.). As used herein, the term traffic channel (TCH) may refer to an uplink / reverse traffic channel or a downlink / forward traffic channel.

[0111] The term "base station" can refer to a single physical transmit / receive point (TRP) or multiple physical TRPs that may or may not be co-located. For example, when the term "base station" refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP may be a base station antenna corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) of the base station. When the term "base station" refers to multiple co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRP may be an antenna array of the base station (e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where the base station employs beamforming). When the term "base station" refers to multiple non-co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRP may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected via a transmission medium to a shared source) or a remote radio headend (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station). Alternatively, non-co-located physical TRPs may be the serving base station from which the UE receives measurement reports and neighboring base stations where the UE is measuring its reference radio frequency (RF) signal. Since a TRP is the point from which a base station transmits and receives wireless signals, as used herein, references to transmissions from or receptions at a base station should be understood as references to the specific TRP of that base station.

[0112] In some implementations that support UE positioning, the base station may not support the UE's radio access (e.g., it may not support data, voice, and / or signaling connections regarding the UE), but may instead transmit reference signals to the UE for measurement, and / or receive and measure signals transmitted by the UE. Such a base station may be referred to as a positioning tower (e.g., in the case of transmitting signals to the UE) and / or as a location measurement unit (e.g., in the case of receiving and measuring signals from the UE).

[0113] An “RF signal” refers to an electromagnetic wave of a given frequency that transmits information across the space between a transmitter and a receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may transmit a single “RF signal” or multiple “RF signals” to a receiver. However, due to the propagation characteristics of individual RF signals through a multipath channel, a receiver may receive multiple “RF signals” corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. The same RF signal transmitted on different paths between the transmitter and receiver can be referred to as a “multipath” RF signal.

[0114] Figure 1An example wireless communication system 100 according to various aspects of this disclosure is described. The wireless communication system 100 (which may also be referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) may include various base stations 102 (labeled "BS") and various UEs 104. Base station 102 may include macrocell base stations (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cell base stations (low-power cellular base stations). In one aspect, the macrocell base station may include an eNB and / or an ng-eNB (where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an LTE network), or a gNB (where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an NR network), or a combination of both, and the small cell base station may include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc.

[0115] Each base station 102 can collectively form a RAN and interface with the core network 170 (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC)) via a backhaul link 122, and access one or more location servers 172 (e.g., location management function (LMF) or secure user plane positioning (SUPL) location platform (SLP)) via the core network 170. The location server 172 can be part of the core network 170 or located outside the core network 170. Among other functions, the base station 102 can also perform functions related to one or more of the following: transmitting user data, radio channel cryptography and decoding, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, distribution of non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment tracking, RAN information management (RIM), paging, location, and delivery of alarm messages. Base stations 102 can communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via EPC / 5GC) through backhaul link 134 (which can be wired or wireless).

[0116] Base station 102 can wirelessly communicate with UE 104. Each base station 102 can provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographic coverage area 110. In one aspect, one or more cells can be supported by base station 102 in each geographic coverage area 110. A “cell” is a logical communication entity used to communicate with a base station (e.g., on a frequency resource, referred to as a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, frequency band, etc.) and can be associated with an identifier (e.g., Physical Cell Identifier (PCI), Virtual Cell Identifier (VCI), Cell Global Identifier (CGI)) to distinguish cells operating via the same or different carrier frequencies. In some cases, different cells can be configured according to different protocol types that can provide access to different types of UEs (e.g., Machine Type Communication (MTC), Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), or others). Since cells are supported by specific base stations, the term “cell” can refer to either or both of the logical communication entity and the base station supporting that logical communication entity, depending on the context. In some cases, the term "cellular" can also refer to the geographical coverage area (e.g., sector) of a base station, in the sense that the carrier frequency can be detected and used for communication within a portion of the geographic coverage area 110.

[0117] While the geographic coverage areas 110 of adjacent macrocell base stations 102 may partially overlap (e.g., in handover areas), some geographic coverage areas 110 may substantially overlap with larger geographic coverage areas 110. For example, a small cell (SC) base station 102' may have geographic coverage areas 110' that substantially overlap with the geographic coverage areas 110 of one or more macrocell base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell and macrocell base stations may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include home eNBs (HeNBs) that can provide service to a restricted group referred to as a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG).

[0118] The communication link 120 between base station 102 and UE 104 may include uplink (also known as reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to base station 102 and / or downlink (also known as forward link) transmission from base station 102 to UE 104. The communication link 120 may use MIMO antenna technologies, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link 120 may use one or more carrier frequencies. Carrier allocation may be asymmetric with respect to the downlink and uplink (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to the downlink compared to the uplink).

[0119] The wireless communication system 100 may further include a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) 150 communicating with a WLAN station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in unlicensed spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz). When communicating in unlicensed spectrum, the WLAN STA 152 and / or WLAN AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) or listen-before-speak (LBT) procedure to determine channel availability before communication.

[0120] Small cell base station 102' can operate in licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in unlicensed spectrum, small cell base station 102' can employ LTE or NR technology and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum as used by WLAN AP 150. Small cell base station 102' employing LTE / 5G in unlicensed spectrum can enhance access network coverage and / or increase access network capacity. NR in unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as NR-U. LTE in unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as LTE-U, Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), or MulteFire.

[0121] The wireless communication system 100 may further include a millimeter-wave (mmW) base station 180, which can operate in mmW and / or near-mmW frequencies to communicate with the UE 182. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that contains radio frequency (RF). EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and wavelengths between 1 mm and 10 mm. Radio waves in this band are referred to as millimeter waves. Near-mmW extends down to a 3 GHz frequency with a 100 mm wavelength. Ultra-high frequency (SHF) bands extend between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, and are also referred to as centimeter waves. Communication using mmW / near-mmW RF bands has high path loss and relatively short range. The mmW base station 180 and the UE 182 can utilize beamforming (transmit and / or receive) on the mmW communication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range. Furthermore, it will be appreciated that in alternative configurations, one or more base stations 102 may also use mmW or near-mmW and beamforming for transmission. Accordingly, it will be understood that the foregoing explanations are merely illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the aspects disclosed herein.

[0122] Transmit beamforming is a technique for focusing RF signals in a specific direction. Conventionally, when a network node (e.g., a base station) broadcasts an RF signal, it broadcasts the signal in all directions (omnidirectionally). Using transmit beamforming, the network node determines where a given target device (e.g., a UE) is located (relative to the transmitting network node) and projects a stronger downlink RF signal in that specific direction, thus providing the receiving device with a faster (in terms of data rate) and stronger RF signal. To change the directivity of the RF signal during transmission, the network node can control the phase and relative amplitude of the RF signal at each of one or more transmitters broadcasting the RF signal. For example, the network node can use an antenna array (referred to as a "phased array" or "antenna array") that generates a beam of RF waves, which can be "guided" to different directions without actually moving the antennas. Specifically, RF currents from the transmitters are fed to the individual antennas with the correct phase relationship so that radio waves from the separate antennas add together in the desired direction to increase radiation, while simultaneously canceling each other out in the undesired direction to suppress radiation.

[0123] Transmit beams can be quasi-co-located, meaning they appear to the receiver (e.g., the UE) with identical parameters, regardless of whether the network node's transmit antennas are physically co-located. In NR, there are four types of quasi-co-location (QCL) relationships. Specifically, a given type of QCL relationship means that certain parameters of the target reference RF signal on the target beam can be derived from information about the source reference RF signal on the source beam. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type A, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread of the target reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type B, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and Doppler spread of the target reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type C, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and average delay of the target reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is of type QCL D, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the spatial reception parameters of the target reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.

[0124] In receive beamforming, a receiver uses a receive beam to amplify an RF signal detected on a given channel. For example, a receiver may increase the gain setting of an antenna array and / or adjust the phase setting of the antenna array in a specific direction to amplify the RF signal received from that direction (e.g., increase its gain level). Thus, when a receiver is referred to as beamforming in a certain direction, it means that the beam gain in that direction is higher than the beam gain in other directions, or that the beam gain in that direction is the highest compared to the beam gain of all other receive beams available to the receiver in that direction. This results in a stronger received signal strength (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR), etc.) of the RF signal received from that direction.

[0125] The receive beam can be spatially dependent. Spatial dependency means that the parameters of the transmit beam used for the second reference signal can be derived from information about the receive beam of the first reference signal. For example, the UE can use a specific receive beam to receive one or more reference downlink reference signals (e.g., Position Reference Signal (PRS), Tracking Reference Signal (TRS), Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), Cell-Specific Reference Signal (CRS), Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), Synchronization Block (SSB), etc.) from the base station. The UE can then form a transmit beam based on the parameters of the receive beam to transmit one or more uplink reference signals (e.g., Uplink Position Reference Signal (UL-PRS), Detection Reference Signal (SRS), Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), PTRS, etc.) to the base station.

[0126] Note that, depending on the entity forming the "downlink" beam, the beam can be either a transmit beam or a receive beam. For example, if a base station is forming a downlink beam to transmit a reference signal to a UE, then the downlink beam is a transmit beam. However, if a UE is forming a downlink beam, then the downlink beam is a receive beam for receiving downlink reference signals. Similarly, depending on the entity forming the "uplink" beam, the beam can be either a transmit beam or a receive beam. For example, if a base station is forming an uplink beam, then the uplink beam is an uplink receive beam, while if a UE is forming an uplink beam, then the uplink beam is an uplink transmit beam.

[0127] In 5G, the spectrum in which radio nodes (e.g., base stations 102 / 180, UE 104 / 182) operate is divided into several frequency ranges: FR1 (from 450 to 6000 MHz), FR2 (from 24250 to 52600 MHz), FR3 (above 52600 MHz), and FR4 (between FR1 and FR2). In multi-carrier systems (such as 5G), one of the carrier frequencies is referred to as the “primary carrier” or “anchor carrier” or “primary serving cell” or “Pcell”, and the remaining carrier frequencies are referred to as “secondary carriers” or “secondary serving cells” or “Scell”. In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is the carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) utilized by UE 104 / 182 and on the cell in which UE 104 / 182 performs an initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates an RRC connection re-establishment procedure. The primary carrier carries all shared control channels as well as UE-specific control channels, and can be a carrier on a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case). The secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2), which can be configured once an RRC connection is established between UE 104 and the anchor carrier, and can be used to provide additional radio resources. In some cases, the secondary carrier can be a carrier on an unlicensed frequency. The secondary carrier may contain only the necessary signaling information and signals; for example, UE-specific signaling information and signals may not be present on the secondary carrier, since both the primary uplink and downlink carriers are typically UE-specific. This means that different UEs 104 / 182 in a cell can have different downlink primary carriers. The same applies to the uplink primary carrier. The network can change the primary carrier of any UE 104 / 182 at any time. For example, this is done to balance the load on different carriers. Since a “serving cell” (whether PCell or SCell) corresponds to the carrier frequency / component carrier that a base station is using for communication, the terms “cell,” “serving cell,” “component carrier,” “carrier frequency,” etc., can be used interchangeably.

[0128] For example, still refer to Figure 1 One of the frequencies utilized by the macrocell base station 102 can be an anchor carrier (or "PCell"), and other frequencies utilized by the macrocell base station 102 and / or mmW base station 180 can be secondary carriers ("SCell"). Simultaneous transmission and / or reception on multiple carriers allows the UE 104 / 182 to significantly increase its data transmission and / or reception rates. For example, two 20MHz aggregated carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically result in twice the data rate (i.e., 40MHz) compared to the data rate obtained from a single 20MHz carrier.

[0129] The wireless communication system 100 may further include a UE 164, which can communicate with the macrocell base station 102 on the communication link 120 and / or with the mmW base station 180 on the mmW communication link 184. For example, the macrocell base station 102 may support PCell and one or more SCells for the UE 164, and the mmW base station 180 may support one or more SCells for the UE 164.

[0130] exist Figure 1 In the example, one or more Earth-orbiting Satellite Positioning System (SPS) spacecraft (SV) 112 (e.g., satellites) can be used as any of the explained UEs (for simplicity, in...). Figure 1 The location information of a single UE 104 is a separate source. UE 104 may include one or more dedicated SPS receivers specifically designed to receive SPS signal 124 from SV 112 to derive geographic location information. The SPS typically includes a transmitter system (e.g., SV 112) positioned such that receivers (e.g., UE 104) can determine their location on or above the earth based at least in part on signals received from the transmitter (e.g., SPS signal 124). Such transmitters typically transmit signals marked with a set number of repeating pseudo-random noise (PN) codes. While transmitters are typically located in SV 112, they may sometimes be located at a terrestrial control station, base station 102, and / or other UE 104.

[0131] The use of SPS signal 124 can be amplified by various satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS), which may be associated with or otherwise enabled to be used in conjunction with one or more global and / or regional navigation satellite systems. For example, SBAS may include augmentation systems that provide integrity information, differential correction, etc., such as Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), European Geostationary Navigation Coverage Service (EGNOS), Multifunctional Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS), GPS-assisted Geographic Augmentation Navigation or GPS and Geographic Augmentation Navigation System (GAGAN), etc. Thus, as used herein, SPS may include any combination of one or more global and / or regional navigation satellite systems and / or augmentation systems, and SPS signal 124 may include SPS, SPS-like systems, and / or other signals associated with one or more such SPS.

[0132] The wireless communication system 100 may further include one or more UEs (such as UE 190) that are indirectly connected to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (referred to as “side links”). Figure 1 In the example, UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with a UE 104 connected to a base station 102 (e.g., through which UE 190 indirectly obtains cellular connectivity), and a D2D P2P link 194 with a WLANSTA 152 connected to a WLAN AP 150 (through which UE 190 indirectly obtains WLAN-based Internet connectivity). In one example, D2D P2P links 192 and 194 can use any known D2D RAT (such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), WiFi Direct (WiFi-D)). (etc.) to support.

[0133] Figure 2A Example wireless network architecture 200 is explained. For example, 5GC 210 (also referred to as Next Generation Core (NGC)) can be functionally considered as control plane functions 214 (e.g., UE registration, authentication, network access, gateway selection, etc.) and user plane functions 212 (e.g., UE gateway functions, access to data networks, IP routing, etc.), which operate collaboratively to form the core network. User plane interface (NG-U) 213 and control plane interface (NG-C) 215 connect gNB 222 to 5GC 210, specifically to control plane functions 214 and user plane functions 212. In an additional configuration, ng-eNB 224 can also connect to 5GC 210 via NG-C 215 to control plane function 214 and NG-U 213 to user plane function 212. Furthermore, ng-eNB 224 can communicate directly with gNB 222 via backhaul connection 223. In some configurations, the next-generation RAN (NG-RAN) 220 may have only one or more gNBs 222, while other configurations include one or more ng-eNBs 224 and one or more gNBs 222. The gNB 222 or ng-eNB 224 can be used with the UE 204 (e.g., Figure 1The UE 204 can communicate with any UE depicted herein. Another optional aspect may include location server 230, which may communicate with 5GC 210 to provide location assistance to UE 204. Location server 230 may be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules extending across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively, each may correspond to a single server. Location server 230 may be configured to support one or more location services for UE 204, which UE 204 can connect to via the core network, 5GC 210, and / or via the Internet (not described). Furthermore, location server 230 may be integrated into a component of the core network, or alternatively, may be external to the core network.

[0134] Figure 2B Another example wireless network architecture, 250.5GC 260, was explained (which can correspond to...). Figure 2A The 5GC 210 can be functionally considered as a control plane function (provided by the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 264) and a user plane function (provided by the User Plane Function (UPF) 262), which operate collaboratively to form the core network (i.e., 5GC 260). User plane interface 263 and control plane interface 265 connect the ng-eNB 224 to the 5GC 260, specifically to the UPF 262 and AMF 264, respectively. In an additional configuration, the gNB 222 can also connect to the 5GC 260 via the control plane interface 265 to the AMF 264 and the user plane interface 263 to the UPF 262. Furthermore, the ng-eNB 224 can communicate directly with the gNB 222 via a backhaul connection 223, with or without direct gNB connectivity to the 5GC 260. In some configurations, the NG-RAN 220 may have only one or more gNB 222s, while other configurations include one or more ng-eNB 224s and one or more gNB 222s. The gNB 222 or ng-eNB 224 can be used with the UE 204 (e.g., Figure 1 The base station of NG-RAN 220 communicates with AMF 264 via the N2 interface and with UPF 262 via the N3 interface.

[0135] The functions of AMF 264 include registration management, connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception, transmission of Session Management (SM) messages between UE 204 and Session Management Function (SMF) 266, transparent proxy service for routing SM messages, access authentication and access authorization, transmission of Short Message Service (SMS) messages between UE 204 and Short Message Service Function (SMSF) (not shown), and Security Anchor Functionality (SEAF). AMF 264 also interacts with Authentication Server Function (AUSF) (not shown) and UE 204, and receives an intermediate key established as a result of the UE 204 authentication process. In the case of authentication based on the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) Subscriber Identity Module (USIM), AMF 264 retrieves security material from the AUSSF. The functions of AMF 264 also include Security Context Management (SCM). The SCM receives a key from the SEAF, which is used by the SCM to derive a key that varies depending on the access network. The functionality of AMF 264 also includes: location service management for regulatory services, transmission of location service messages between UE 204 and LMF 270 (which acts as location server 230), transmission of location service messages between NG-RAN 220 and LMF 270, allocation of EPS bearer identifiers for interoperability with Evolved Packet Systems (EPS), and UE 204 mobility event notification. Additionally, AMF 264 supports functionality for non-3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) access networks.

[0136] The functions of UPF 262 include: acting as an anchor point for intra / inter-RAT mobility (where applicable), acting as an external Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session point interconnecting to a data network (not shown), providing packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, user plane policy rule enforcement (e.g., strobing, redirection, traffic steering), lawful interception (user plane collection), traffic usage reporting, quality of service (QoS) handling for the user plane (e.g., uplink / downlink rate enforcement, reflective QoS marking in the downlink), uplink traffic verification (Service Data Flow (SDF) to QoS flow mapping), transport-level packet marking in the uplink and downlink, downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering, and sending and forwarding one or more "end markers" to the source RAN node. UPF 262 may also support the transmission of location service messages between UE 204 and a location server (such as SLP 272) on the user plane.

[0137] The functions of SMF 266 include session management, UE Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation and management, selection and control of user plane functions, traffic bootstrapping configuration at UPF 262 for routing traffic to the correct destination, partial control of policy enforcement and QoS, and downlink data notification. The interface through which SMF 266 communicates with AMF 264 is called the N11 interface.

[0138] Another optional aspect may include LMF 270, which can communicate with 5GC 260 to provide location assistance to UE 204. LMF 270 can be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules extending across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively, each may correspond to a single server. LMF 270 can be configured to support one or more location services for UE 204, which can connect to LMF 270 via the core network, 5GC 260, and / or via the Internet (not explained). SLP 272 supports similar functionality to LMF 270, but while LMF 270 can communicate with AMF 264, NG-RAN 220, and UE 204 on the control plane (e.g., using interfaces and protocols designed to convey signaling messages but not voice or data), SLP 272 can communicate with UE 204 and external clients on the user plane (e.g., using protocols designed to carry voice and / or data, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and / or IP). Figure 2B (Not shown in the image) Communication.

[0139] Figure 3A , 3B The document describes several example components (represented by corresponding boxes) that can be incorporated into UE 302 (which may correspond to any UE described herein), base station 304 (which may correspond to any base station described herein), and network entity 306 (which may correspond to or embody any network function described herein, including location server 230 and LMF 270) to support file transfer operations as taught herein. It will be appreciated that these components can be implemented in different types of devices (e.g., in ASICs, in system-on-chips (SoCs), etc.) in different implementations. The described components can also be incorporated into other devices in a communication system. For example, other devices in the system may include components similar to those described to provide similar functionality. Furthermore, a given device may include one or more of these components. For example, a device may include multiple transceiver components that enable the device to operate on multiple carriers and / or communicate via different technologies.

[0140] UE 302 and base station 304 each include wireless wide area network (WWAN) transceivers 310 and 350, respectively, providing means (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, means for measuring, means for tuning, means for suppressing transmission, etc.) for communication via one or more wireless communication networks (not shown) (such as NR networks, LTE networks, GSM networks, etc.). WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 may be connected to one or more antennas 316 and 356, respectively, for communication with other network nodes (such as other UEs, access points, base stations (e.g., eNB, gNB), etc.) on a wireless communication medium of interest (e.g., a time / frequency resource set in a specific spectrum) via at least one designated RAT (e.g., NR, LTE, GSM, etc.). WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 can be configured, according to a specified RAT, in various ways to transmit and encode signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, etc.), and conversely, to receive and decode signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, etc.). Specifically, WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 each include one or more transmitters 314 and 354 for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358, respectively, and each includes one or more receivers 312 and 352 for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358, respectively.

[0141] In at least some cases, UE 302 and base station 304 also include one or more short-range radio transceivers 320 and 360, respectively. The short-range radio transceivers 320 and 360 may be connected to one or more antennas 326 and 366, respectively, and provide access via at least one designated RAT (e.g., WiFi, LTE-D, etc.). A means for communicating with other network nodes (such as other UEs, access points, base stations, etc.) over a wireless communication medium of interest (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, means for measuring, means for tuning, means for suppressing transmission, etc.) using PC5, Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC), Wireless Access in Vehicle Environments (WAVE), Near Field Communication (NFC), etc.). Short-range transceivers 320 and 360 can be configured, according to a specified RAT, in various ways to transmit and encode signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, etc.), and conversely, to receive and decode signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, etc.). Specifically, short-range transceivers 320 and 360 each include one or more transmitters 324 and 364 for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368, respectively, and one or more receivers 322 and 362 for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368, respectively. As specific examples, the short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 can be WiFi transceivers, transceiver and / or Transceivers, NFC transceivers, or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and / or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) transceivers.

[0142] A transceiver circuit system including at least one transmitter and at least one receiver may, in some implementations, include integrated devices (e.g., transmitter and receiver circuitry implemented as a single communication device), in some implementations, include separate transmitter and receiver devices, or in other implementations, may be implemented in a different manner. In one aspect, the transmitter may include or be coupled to multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, which allows the corresponding device to perform transmit "beamforming," as described herein. Similarly, the receiver may include or be coupled to multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, which allows the corresponding device to perform receive beamforming, as described herein. In another aspect, the transmitter and receiver may share the same multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366) such that the corresponding device can only receive or transmit at a given time, rather than both simultaneously. The wireless communication equipment of UE 302 and / or base station 304 (e.g., one or both of transceivers 310 and 320 and / or one or both of transceivers 350 and 360) may also include a network eavesdropping module (NLM) for performing various measurements, etc.

[0143] In at least some cases, UE 302 and base station 304 also include Satellite Positioning System (SPS) receivers 330 and 370. SPS receivers 330 and 370 may be connected to one or more antennas 336 and 376, respectively, and may be provided with means for receiving and / or measuring SPS signals 338 and 378, such as Global Positioning System (GPS) signals, Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) signals, Galileo signals, BeiDou signals, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (NAVIC), Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), etc. SPS receivers 330 and 370 may each include any suitable hardware and / or software for receiving and processing SPS signals 338 and 378. SPS receivers 330 and 370 request information and operation from other systems as appropriate and perform necessary calculations to determine the positioning of UE 302 and base station 304 using measurements obtained by any suitable SPS algorithm.

[0144] Base station 304 and network entity 306 each include at least one network interface 380 and 390, providing means for communicating with other network entities (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, etc.). For example, network interfaces 380 and 390 (e.g., one or more network access ports) may be configured to communicate with one or more network entities via a wired or wireless backhaul connection. In some aspects, network interfaces 380 and 390 may be implemented as transceivers configured to support wired or wireless signal communication. This communication may involve, for example, sending and receiving messages, parameters, and / or other types of information.

[0145] UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 also include other components that can be used in conjunction with operations disclosed herein. UE 302 includes a processor circuitry implemented with a processing system 332 for providing, for example, functionality related to wireless positioning, and for providing other processing functionality. Base station 304 includes a processing system 384 for providing, for example, functionality related to wireless positioning as disclosed herein, and for providing other processing functionality. Network entity 306 includes a processing system 394 for providing, for example, functionality related to wireless positioning as disclosed herein, and for providing other processing functionality. Processing systems 332, 384, and 394 can therefore provide means for processing, such as means for determining, means for calculating, means for receiving, means for transmitting, means for indicating, etc. In one aspect, processing systems 332, 384, and 394 may include, for example, one or more processors, such as one or more general-purpose processors, multi-core processors, ASICs, digital signal processors (DSPs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), other programmable logic devices or processing circuitry, or various combinations thereof.

[0146] UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 include memory circuitry that implements memory components 340, 386, and 396 (e.g., each including a memory device) for maintaining information (e.g., information indicating reserved resources, thresholds, parameters, etc.). Memory components 340, 386, and 396 thus provide means for storage, means for retrieval, means for maintenance, etc. In some cases, UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 may include RSRP modules 342, 388, and 398, respectively. RSRP modules 342, 388, and 398 may be hardware circuitry that is part of or coupled to processing systems 332, 384, and 394, which, when executed, cause UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein. In other respects, RSRP modules 342, 388, and 398 may be external to processing systems 332, 384, and 394 (e.g., part of a modem processing system, integrated with another processing system, etc.). Alternatively, RSRP modules 342, 388, and 398 may be memory modules stored in memory components 340, 386, and 396, respectively, which, when executed by processing systems 332, 384, and 394 (or a modem processing system, another processing system, etc.), enable UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein. Figure 3A The possible locations of RSRP module 342 are explained. RSRP module 342 may be part of WWAN transceiver 310, memory component 340, processing system 332, or any combination thereof, or may be a stand-alone component. Figure 3B The possible locations of RSRP module 388 are explained. RSRP module 388 can be part of WWAN transceiver 350, memory component 386, processing system 384, or any combination thereof, or it can be a standalone component. Figure 3C The possible locations of RSRP module 398 are explained. RSRP module 398 may be part of network interface 390, memory component 396, processing system 394, or any combination thereof, or may be a stand-alone component.

[0147] UE 302 may include one or more sensors 344 coupled to processing system 332 to provide means for sensing or detecting motion and / or orientation information independent of motion data derived from signals received by WWAN transceiver 310, short-range wireless transceiver 320, and / or SPS receiver 330. As an example, sensor 344 may include accelerometers (e.g., microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices), gyroscopes, geomagnetic sensors (e.g., compasses), altimeters (e.g., barometric altimeters), and / or any other type of motion detection sensor. Furthermore, sensor 344 may include multiple different types of devices and combine their outputs to provide motion information. For example, sensor 344 may use a combination of multi-axis accelerometers and orientation sensors to provide the ability to calculate positioning in 2D and / or 3D coordinate systems.

[0148] Additionally, UE 302 includes a user interface 346, which provides means for providing instructions to the user (e.g., audible and / or visual instructions) and / or for receiving user input (e.g., when the user actuates a sensing device (such as a keypad, touchscreen, microphone, etc.)). Although not shown, base station 304 and network entity 306 may also include user interfaces.

[0149] Referring more specifically to processing system 384, in the downlink, IP packets from network entity 306 can be provided to processing system 384. Processing system 384 can implement functionality for the RRC layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and Media Access Control (MAC) layer. The processing system 384 can provide RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)) broadcasting, RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-RAT mobility, and measurement configuration of UE measurement reports; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (cryptography, cryptographic decoding, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with upper-layer PDU delivery, error correction via Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC Service Data Units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, scheduling information reporting, error correction, priority handling, and logical channel priority ordering.

[0150] Transmitter 354 and receiver 352 implement Layer 1 (L1) functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer-1, including the physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) decoding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. Transmitter 354 processes the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The decoded and modulated symbols can then be split into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time and / or frequency domains, and subsequently combined using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time-domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM symbol stream is spatially precoded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from the channel estimator can be used to determine the coding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimates can be derived from reference signals transmitted by UE 302 and / or channel condition feedback. Each spatial stream can then be provided to one or more different antennas 356. Transmitter 354 can use the corresponding spatial stream to modulate an RF carrier for transmission.

[0151] At UE 302, receiver 312 receives signals via its corresponding antenna 316. Receiver 312 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides this information to processing system 332. Transmitter 314 and receiver 312 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Receiver 312 can perform spatial processing on this information to recover any spatial stream destined for UE 302. If multiple spatial streams are destined for UE 302, they can be combined by receiver 312 into a single OFDM symbol stream. Receiver 312 then uses a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to transform the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency domain signal consists of a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. Symbols on each subcarrier, along with a reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the signal constellation points most likely to be transmitted by base station 304. These soft decisions can be based on a channel estimate calculated by a channel estimator. These soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the original data and control signals transmitted by base station 304 on the physical channel. These data and control signals are then provided to processing system 332, which implements Layer 3 (L3) and Layer 2 (L2) functionality.

[0152] In the uplink, processing system 332 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, cipher decoding, header decompression, and control signal processing between the transport and logical channels to recover IP packets from the core network. Processing system 332 is also responsible for error detection.

[0153] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with downlink transmissions performed by base station 304, processing system 332 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) capture, RRC connectivity, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (cryptography, cryptographic decoding, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with upper-layer PDU delivery, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ), priority handling, and logical channel priority ordering.

[0154] The channel estimate derived by the channel estimator from the reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 304 can be used by the transmitter 314 to select an appropriate coding and modulation scheme and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial stream generated by the transmitter 314 can be provided to different antennas 316. The transmitter 314 can use the corresponding spatial stream to modulate the RF carrier for transmission.

[0155] Uplink transmissions are processed at base station 304 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver function at UE 302. Receiver 352 receives signals via its corresponding antenna 356. Receiver 352 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides this information to processing system 384.

[0156] In the uplink, processing system 384 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, cipher decoding, header decompression, and control signal processing between the transport and logical channels to recover IP packets from UE 302. IP packets from processing system 384 can then be provided to the core network. Processing system 384 is also responsible for error detection.

[0157] For convenience, UE 302, base station 304 and / or network entity 306 are in Figures 3A to 3C The box is shown as including various components that can be configured according to the various examples described herein. However, it will be understood that the illustrated box may have different functionalities in different designs.

[0158] Various components of UE 302, base station 304 and network entity 306 can communicate with each other on data buses 334, 382 and 392 respectively. Figures 3A to 3C The components can be implemented in various ways. In some implementations, Figures 3A to 3C The components can be implemented in one or more circuits (for example, such as one or more processors and / or one or more ASICs (which may include one or more processors)). Here, each circuit may use and / or incorporate at least one memory component for storing information or executable code used by that circuit to provide this functionality. For example, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 310 to 346 may be implemented by the processor and memory components of UE 302 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriately configuring the processor components). Similarly, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 350 to 388 may be implemented by the processor and memory components of base station 304 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriately configuring the processor components). Furthermore, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 390 to 398 may be implemented by the processor and memory components of network entity 306 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriately configuring the processor components). For simplicity, various operations, actions, and / or functions are described herein as being performed "by the UE," "by the base station," "by the network entity," etc. However, as will be appreciated, such operations, actions, and / or functions may actually be performed by specific components or combinations of components of the UE 302, base station 304, network entity 306, etc. (such as processing systems 332, 384, 394, transceivers 310, 320, 350 and 360, memory components 340, 386 and 396, RSRP modules 342, 388 and 398, etc.).

[0159] Figure 4 This is a graph 400 illustrating the channel impulse response of a multipath channel between a receiving device (e.g., any of the UEs or base stations described herein) and a transmitting device (e.g., any other UE or base station described herein) according to various aspects of this disclosure. The channel impulse response represents the intensity of a radio frequency (RF) signal received through a multipath channel, varying with time delay. Thus, the horizontal axis is a unit of time (e.g., milliseconds), and the vertical axis is a unit of signal strength (e.g., decibels). Note that a multipath channel is a channel between the transmitting and receiving devices where the RF signal follows multiple paths or multipaths due to the transmission of the RF signal across multiple beams and / or the propagation characteristics of the RF signal (e.g., reflection, refraction, etc.).

[0160] exist Figure 4In the example, the receiver detects / measures multiple (four) clusters of channel taps. Each channel tap represents a multipath that the RF signal follows between the transmitter and receiver. That is, the channel tap represents the arrival of the RF signal on the multipath. Each channel tap cluster indicates that the corresponding multipath follows essentially the same path. Different clusters may exist because the RF signals are transmitted on different transmit beams (and therefore at different angles), or because of the propagation characteristics of the RF signals (e.g., they may follow different paths due to reflections), or both.

[0161] All clusters of channel taps for a given RF signal represent the multipath channel (or simply channel) between the transmitter and receiver. Figure 4 Under the described channel conditions, the receiver receives a first cluster of two RF signals at the channel tap at time T1, a second cluster of five RF signals at the channel tap at time T2, a third cluster of five RF signals at the channel tap at time T3, and a fourth cluster of four RF signals at the channel tap at time T4. Figure 4 In the example, since the first RF signal cluster arrives first at time T1, it is assumed to correspond to the RF signal transmitted on the transmit beam aligned with the LOS or shortest path. The third cluster at time T3 contains the strongest RF signal and could correspond to, for example, the RF signal transmitted on the transmit beam aligned with the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) path. Note that although... Figure 4 Clusters with two to five channel taps have been described, but as will be understood, these clusters may have more or fewer channel taps than the number described.

[0162] Figure 5 This is a diagram 500 illustrating communication between base station (BS) 502 (which may correspond to any base station described herein) and UE 504 (which may correspond to any UE described herein). See Figure 500. Figure 5Base station 502 may transmit beam-shaped signals to UE 504 on one or more transmit beams 502a, 502b, 502c, 502d, 502e, 502f, 502g, 502h, each of which has a beam identifier that can be used by UE 504 to identify the corresponding beam. When base station 502 uses a single antenna array (e.g., a single TRP / cell) to beamform toward UE 504, base station 502 may perform "beam sweeping" by transmitting a first beam 502a, followed by beam 502b, etc., until finally transmitting beam 502h. Alternatively, base station 502 may transmit beams 502a-502h in a pattern, such as beam 502a, followed by beam 502h, followed by beam 502b, followed by beam 502g, etc. In the case where base station 502 uses multiple antenna arrays (e.g., multiple TRPs / cells) to beamform toward UE 504, each antenna array can perform beam sweeping of a subset of beams 502a-502h. Alternatively, each beam in beams 502a-502h can correspond to a single antenna or antenna array.

[0163] Figure 5 Further explanation is provided regarding the paths 512c, 512d, 512e, 512f, and 512g followed by the beamformed signals transmitted on beams 502c, 502d, 502e, 502f, and 502g, respectively. Each path 512c, 512d, 512e, 512f, and 512g may correspond to a single "multipath," or may include multiple "multipaths" (clusters) due to the propagation characteristics of radio frequency (RF) signals through the environment. Note that although only the paths for beams 502c-502g are shown, this is for simplicity, and the signals transmitted on each beam 502a-502h will follow several paths. In the example shown, paths 512c, 512d, 512e, and 512f are straight lines, while path 512g is reflected away from an obstacle 520 (e.g., a building, vehicle, terrain feature, etc.).

[0164] UE 504 can receive beamformed signals from base station 502 on one or more receive beams 504a, 502b, 504c, 504d. Note that, for simplicity... Figure 5 The beams described herein refer to either transmit beams or receive beams, depending on which of the base station 502 and UE 504 is transmitting and which is receiving. Thus, UE 504 may also transmit beam-shaped signals to base station 502 on one or more beams of beams 504a–504d, and base station 502 may receive beam-shaped signals from UE 504 on one or more beams of beams 502a–502h.

[0165] On one hand, base station 502 and UE 504 can perform beam training to align their transmit and receive beams. For example, depending on environmental conditions and other factors, base station 502 and UE 504 can determine optimal transmit and receive beams as 502d and 504b, or as 502e and 504c, respectively. The direction of the optimal transmit beam for base station 502 can be the same as or different from the direction of the optimal receive beam, and similarly, the direction of the optimal receive beam for UE 504 can be the same as or different from the direction of the optimal transmit beam. However, it should be noted that aligning the transmit and receive beams is not necessary for performing downlink angle of origin (DL-AoD) or uplink angle of arrival (UL-AoA) positioning procedures.

[0166] To execute the DL-AoD positioning procedure, base station 502 may transmit reference signals (e.g., PRS, CRS, TRS, CSI-RS, PSS, SSS, etc.) to UE 504 on one or more of the beams 502a-502h, where each beam has a different transmission angle. The different transmission angles of the beams will result in different received signal strengths (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, etc.) at UE 504. Specifically, the received signal strength will be lower for transmit beams 502a-502h that are further away from the line-of-sight (LOS) path 510 between base station 502 and UE 504 than for transmit beams 502a-502h that are closer to the LOS path 510.

[0167] exist Figure 5 In the example, if base station 502 transmits reference signals to UE 504 on beams 502c, 502d, 502e, 502f, and 502g, then transmit beam 502e is optimally aligned with LOS path 510, while transmit beams 502c, 502d, 502f, and 502g are not optimally aligned with LOS path 510. Thus, beam 502e may have a higher received signal strength at UE 504 than beams 502c, 502d, 502f, and 502g. Note that reference signals transmitted on some beams (e.g., beams 502c and / or 502f) may not reach UE 504, or the energy reaching UE 504 from these beams may be so low that the energy may be undetectable or at least negligible.

[0168] UE 504 can report to base station 502 the received signal strength of each measured transmit beam 502c-502g, and optionally, the associated measurement quality, or alternatively, the identity of the transmit beam with the highest received signal strength (in Figure 5In the example, beam 502e is used. Alternatively or additionally, where UE 504 is also involved in a round-trip time (RTT) or time difference of arrival (TDOA) positioning session with at least one base station 502 or multiple base stations 502, UE 504 may report received transmission (Rx-Tx) time difference or reference signal time difference (RSTD) measurements (and optionally associated measurement quality) to the serving base station 502 or other positioning entity. In any case, the positioning entity (e.g., base station 502, location server, third-party client, UE 504, etc.) may estimate the angle from base station 502 to UE 504 as the AoD of the transmit beam (here, transmit beam 502e) with the highest received signal strength at UE 504.

[0169] In one aspect of DL-AoD-based positioning, where only one base station 502 exists, base station 502 and UE 504 can perform a round-trip time (RTT) procedure to determine the distance between base station 502 and UE 504. Thus, the positioning entity can determine both the direction to UE 504 (using DL-AoD positioning) and the distance to UE 504 (using RTT positioning) to estimate the location of UE 504. Note that the AoD with the highest received signal strength is not necessarily positioned along the LOS path 510, as... Figure 5 As shown in the figure. However, for the purposes of DL-AoD-based positioning, this is assumed.

[0170] In another aspect of DL-AoD-based positioning, in the presence of multiple involved base stations 502, each involved base station 502 can report the determined AoD or RSRP measurement from the corresponding base station 502 to the serving base station 502. The serving base station 502 can then report the AoD or RSRP measurements from the other involved base stations 502 to the positioning entity (e.g., the UE 504 for UE-based positioning or a location server for UE-assisted positioning). Using this information and knowledge of the geographic locations of the base stations 502, the positioning entity can estimate the location of the UE 504 as the intersection of the determined AoDs. For a two-dimensional (2D) positioning solution, there should be at least two involved base stations 502, but as will be understood, the more base stations 502 involved in the positioning procedure, the more accurate the estimated location of the UE 504 will be.

[0171] To execute the UL-AoA positioning procedure, UE 504 transmits uplink reference signals (e.g., UL-PRS, SRS, DMRS, etc.) to base station 502 on one or more of the uplink transmit beams 504a-504d. Base station 502 receives the uplink reference signals on one or more of the uplink receive beams 502a-502h. Base station 502 determines the optimal beam angle among the receive beams 502a-502h used to receive one or more reference signals from UE 504 as the AoA from UE 504 to itself. Specifically, each of the receive beams 502a-502h will receive a different received signal strength (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, etc.) of one or more reference signals at base station 502. Furthermore, for the received beams 502a-502h that are further away from the actual LOS path between base station 502 and UE 504, the channel impulse response of one or more reference signals will be smaller than that of the received beams 502a-502h that are closer to the LOS path. Similarly, for the received beams 502a-502h that are further away from the LOS path, the received signal strength will be lower than that of the received beams 502a-502h that are closer to the LOS path. Thus, base station 502 identifies the received beam 502a-502h that has the highest received signal strength and optionally the strongest channel impulse response, and estimates the angle from itself to UE 504 as the AoA of the received beam 502a-502h. Note that, as with DL-AoD-based positioning, the AoA of the received beam 502a-502h that has the highest received signal strength (and, in the case of measurement, the strongest channel impulse response) is not necessarily located along LOS path 510. However, in FR2, this can be assumed for positioning purposes based on UL-AoA.

[0172] It should be noted that although UE 504 is described as capable of beamforming, this is not required for DL-AoD and UL-AoA positioning protocols. Instead, UE 504 can receive and transmit on an omnidirectional antenna.

[0173] When UE 504 is estimating its location (i.e., the UE is the location entity), it needs to obtain the geographic location of base station 502. UE 504 can obtain its location from, for example, base station 502 itself or a location server (e.g., location server 230, LMF 270, SLP272). Using the distance to base station 502 (based on RTT or timing advance), the angle between base station 502 and UE 504 (based on the UL-AoA of the optimal receive beams 502a-502h), and the known geographic location of base station 502, UE 504 is able to estimate its location.

[0174] Alternatively, when a location entity (such as base station 502 or a location server) is estimating the location of UE 504, base station 502 reports the AoA of the receive beams 502a-502h that receive the highest received signal strength (and optionally the strongest channel impulse response) of the reference signal received from UE 504, or all received signal strengths and channel impulse responses for all receive beams 502 (this allows the location entity to determine the optimal receive beams 502a-502h). Base station 502 may additionally report the Rx-Tx time difference to UE 504. The location entity may then estimate the location of UE 504 based on the distance from UE 504 to base station 502, the AoA of the identified receive beams 502a-502h, and the known geographic location of base station 502.

[0175] One aspect of the version 17 3GPP DL-AoD (and UL-AoA) estimations used for positioning is the measurement of RSRP for the first (or earliest) arriving path. Aspects such as how to indicate the earliest path arrival time, reporting of additional paths beyond the first (or earliest) path, and mechanisms for supporting PRS-RSRP for each path in OTDOA and UL-TDOA have been considered. However, there is currently no consensus definition on how to measure RSRP.

[0176] Figure 6 The present disclosure describes the channel impulse response (CIR) 600 (or alternatively, channel energy response (CER)) 600 for a reference signal (RS-P) used for positioning, obtained in the time domain after performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) of the channel frequency response (CFR). The CIR 600 can be associated with a specific antenna pair, bandwidth (BW), etc., used to measure the RS-P. Figure 6 In the diagram, the x-axis depicts time, and the y-axis depicts energy (or channel pulse). Figure 6 The RS-P in the text may correspond to DL-PRS (e.g., from gNB to UE), uplink SRS for positioning (UL-SRS-P) (e.g., from UE to gNB or sidelink UE), or sidelink SRS-P (SL-SRS-P) (e.g., from anchor or reference UE to sidelink UE).

[0177] Reference Figure 6The channel response 600 includes five peaks associated with samples at 602, 604, 606, 608, and 610. The sample at 602 corresponds to the peak of the earliest path. Several energy valleys exist before, between, or after the peaks of the corresponding paths. Specifically, energy valley 612 is the first energy valley before sample 602 of the peak of the earliest path, and energy valley 614 is the first energy valley after sample 602 of the peak of the earliest path. As used herein, samples of peaks can be used interchangeably with the peaks themselves, even if the sample may not be perfectly aligned with the absolute high point of the maximum value of the corresponding peak.

[0178] about Figure 6 In some systems, RSRP is measured based on samples 602-610 obtained across all paths. In this case, energy from different paths can only be resolved if the path spacing is proportionally greater than the inverse of the bandwidth (BW).

[0179] Various aspects of this disclosure relate to different methodologies for measuring RSRP of RS-P. Specifically, RSRP can be measured relative to the peak value of the earliest path of RS-P, which is more relevant to UE positioning compared to other paths (e.g., even if the other paths have strong channel impulses or energy). Such aspects can provide various technical advantages, such as improved RSRP measurement, which in turn improves the accuracy of UL-AoA and / or DL-AoD measurements, which in turn improves the accuracy of UE positioning.

[0180] Figure 7 An exemplary process 700 for wireless communication according to one aspect of this disclosure is explained. Figure 7 The process 700 is performed by a radio node, which may correspond to a UE (such as UE 302) (e.g., which may measure the RSRP of a DL-PRS from a gNB or the RSRP of a side link SRS-P (SL-SRS-P) from another UE) or a gNB (such as BS 304) (e.g., which may measure the RSRP of a UL-SRS-P).

[0181] Reference Figure 7 At 710, the radio node (e.g., receiver 312, 322, 352, or 362) receives RS-P on the corresponding bandwidth of one or more paths, including the earliest path. In some designs, the means for performing reception 710 may include receiver 312, 322, 352, or 362, depending on whether the radio node corresponds to UE 302 or BS 304.

[0182] Reference Figure 7At 720, the wireless node (e.g., processing system 332 or 384, RSRP module 342 or 388, etc.) measures the RSRP associated with the earliest path of the RS-P based on the sum of energy over the corresponding bandwidth within at least a number of samples from the peak of the earliest path. As will be described in more detail below, the number of samples contributing to the energy sum used for the RSRP measurement can be determined in various ways. In some designs, the means for measuring 720 may include processing system 332 or 384, RSRP module 342 or 388, etc., depending on whether the wireless node corresponds to UE 302 or BS 304.

[0183] Reference Figure 7 In some designs, at least one number of samples includes a single number of samples such that the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energy of the same number of samples on either side of the peak of the earliest path. For example, the energy sum can be obtained across the first N samples on either side of the first (or earliest) path. In some designs, the value of “N” is dependent on the BW sum and used to calculate the oversampling factor of the IFFT. For example, N can increase with increasing oversampling factor (e.g., higher oversampling means more samples across a given time period). In some designs, N can be equal to 0 (i.e., N = 0). In this case, the energy sum used for RSRP measurement includes only the energy of the samples associated with the peak of the earliest path (e.g., the remainder of the sinc function overflow is ignored).

[0184] Figure 8 The present disclosure describes, according to another aspect, the CIR 800 (or alternatively, CER) for RS-P obtained in the time domain after performing an IFFT of a CFR. CIR 800 and Figure 6 It is the same as the CIR 600, except that... Figure 8 It describes where N=3 such that Figure 7 The scenario of summing the energy across peak sample 802, the three (3) samples before peak sample 802, and the three (3) samples after peak sample 802 for RSRP measurement.

[0185] Reference Figure 7In some designs, the value of N can be determined in a variety of ways. For example, as mentioned above, the single number of samples (i.e., N) is derived dependent on the corresponding bandwidth and the oversampling factor of the IFFR samples used to calculate RS-P. In a specific example, BW = 100MHz, oversampling = 4, interval = 2.5ns, and N = 3. However, N can vary (up or down) depending on some or all of these parameters. In other designs, the time threshold (e.g., Xns) can be defined relative to the peak of the earliest path, and RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energy of any samples falling within the time threshold on either side of the peak of the earliest path. In this case, N is determined as the number of samples that can be accommodated within the time threshold (Xns) on both sides of the peak of the earliest path. In some designs, this time threshold is based on (e.g., dynamically determined at the wireless node) the corresponding bandwidth. In other designs, the time threshold can be a parameter of the network configuration.

[0186] Reference Figure 7 In some designs, at least one number of samples includes: a first number of samples before the peak of the earliest path and a second number of samples after the peak of the earliest path, wherein the first number and the second number of samples are different. In other words, compared with... Figure 8 Conversely, samples contributing to RSRP measurements on either side of the peak 802 of the earliest path do not need to be identical.

[0187] Figure 9 The present disclosure describes, according to another aspect, the CIR 900 (or alternatively, CER) obtained in the time domain after performing an IFFT of a CFR for RS-P. CIR 900 and Figure 6 It is the same as the CIR 600, except that... Figure 9 Depicting Figure 7 The energy used for RSRP measurement at 720 points is a scenario that sums over peak sample 902, six (6) samples before peak sample 902, and four (4) samples after peak sample 902.

[0188] Reference Figure 7 In some designs, the first number of samples may include one or more samples from the peak of the earliest path to a first valley preceding the peak of the earliest path, and the second number of samples may include at least one sample from the peak of the earliest path to a first valley following the peak of the earliest path. This aspect is... Figure 9 The text describes the energy valley 912 and 914.

[0189] Reference Figure 7In some designs, the first valley (912) before the peak (902) of the earliest path is associated with a first energy, and the first valley (914) after the peak (902) of the earliest path is associated with a second energy. The RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of one or more samples on the side of the peak of the earliest path associated with the lower of the first and second energies. For example, the side of the peak (902) with the higher energy in the first valley may be influenced by one or more multipath signals so that the side with the lower energy can be designated for RSRP measurement, such as... Figure 10 As shown in the diagram. In some designs, if only one side of the peak is used to derive RSRP measurements, the energy of non-peak samples can be scaled by 2 (i.e., scaled by a factor of 2) because only one direction (one direction from the peak) is considered.

[0190] Reference Figure 7 In some designs, the first valley (912) before the peak (902) of the earliest path is the first number of samples, and the first valley after the peak of the earliest path is the second number of samples. The RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of one or more samples on the side associated only with the lower energy of the first and second numbers of samples from the peak of the earliest path to the peak. Figure 10 As shown in the diagram. For example, for LOS or the earliest path, the left side of the peak will typically have a lower number of samples to the nearest valley, although either side may have a lower number of samples to the nearest valley relative to other peaks. In some designs, if only one side of the peak is used to derive RSRP measurements, the energy of non-peak samples can be scaled by 2 (i.e., scaled by a factor of 2) because only one direction (one direction from the peak) is considered.

[0191] Figure 10 The present disclosure describes, according to another aspect, the CIR 1000 (or alternatively, CER) for RS-P obtained in the time domain after performing an IFFT of a CFR. CIR 1000 and Figure 6 It is the same as the CIR 600, except that... Figure 10 Depicting Figure 7 The energy at 720 points used for RSRP measurement is the summation of the peak sample 1002 and the six (6) samples preceding the peak sample 1002. Figure 10 The text describes the valleys 1012 and 1014.

[0192] Reference Figure 7 In some designs, if multiple antennas are used to measure RS-P, then CIR can be achieved for each observed value. Figure 7The process involves averaging across all antenna pairs. In other designs, the maximum RSRP can be measured on each antenna pair (e.g., instead of averaging). In some designs, the overall RSRP is typically calculated in the frequency domain during implementation. To calculate the RSRP for each path, the total energy fraction of the desired path can be calculated and then scaled to the measured RSRP for reporting to the network.

[0193] In some designs, the wireless node can report the RSRP to external entities. In some designs, such as regarding Figure 7 The described RSRP for the earliest path can be reported as an alternative to or supplement to legacy RSRP measurements (e.g., based on samples associated with multiple paths rather than the specific earliest path). In some designs, the wireless node can report (e.g., to a gNB, LMF, etc.) its ability to perform earliest path RSRP measurements, as per [the relevant information]. Figure 7 As described.

[0194] Reference Figure 7 In some designs, as mentioned above, the wireless node may correspond to a UE or a base station. Similarly, the RS-P may correspond to an uplink probe reference signal (UL-SRS-P), a downlink positioning reference signal (DL-PRS), or a sidelink SRS-P (SL-SRS-P) for positioning.

[0195] Reference Figure 7 In some designs, the at least one number of samples or the parameters used by the wireless node to derive the at least one number of samples are network-configured (e.g., configured via gNB and / or LMF).

[0196] Reference Figure 7 In some designs, the wireless node can be based on... Figure 7 The angle measurement is derived from the RSRP measured at 720 locations (e.g., DL-AoD, UL-AoA, etc.). In some designs, the radio node can report the derived angle measurement to an external entity (e.g., a location estimation entity, such as the UE used for UE-based positioning, or an LMF, location server, etc. integrated in the RAN or core network). In other designs, the radio node can determine a location estimate for the UE based on the derived angle measurement (e.g., in the case where the radio node corresponds to a location estimation entity).

[0197] Reference Figure 7 In some designs, the number of samples and / or used to derive the... Figure 7The number of RSRP measurements at 720 and the parameters of each sample can be determined based on the test procedure. For example, a 2(P) path channel can be created, where the tap interval is X ns and the BW is B MHz. The phase of the two paths and the delay between the two paths can be varied during testing. The reported RSRP should be within the specified values ​​(with tolerance).

[0198] In the detailed description above, it can be seen that different features are grouped together in the examples. This manner of disclosure should not be construed as an intention to have more features than those explicitly mentioned in each clause. Rather, aspects of this disclosure may include fewer features than those of the individual example clauses disclosed. Therefore, the appended clauses should thus be considered as incorporated into this description, where each clause may be a separate example. Although each dependent clause may refer in its respective clause to a specific combination with one of the other clauses, the aspects of that dependent clause are not limited to that specific combination. It will be appreciated that other example clauses may also include combinations of aspects of the dependent clause with the subject matter of any other dependent or independent clause, or any feature combined with other dependent and independent clauses. The aspects disclosed herein expressly include these combinations unless explicitly stated or readily inferred that a particular combination is not intended (e.g., contradictory aspects, such as defining an element as both an insulator and a conductor). Furthermore, it is intended that aspects of a clause may be included in any other independent clause, even if that clause is not directly subordinate to that independent clause.

[0199] Examples of implementations are described in the following numbered clauses:

[0200] Clause 1. A method of operating a wireless node, comprising: receiving a reference signal (RS-P) for positioning on a corresponding bandwidth on one or more paths, including the earliest path; and measuring the reference signal received power (RSRP) associated with the earliest path of the RS-P based on the sum of energy over the corresponding bandwidth in at least a number of samples from the peak of the earliest path.

[0201] Clause 2. The method of Clause 1, wherein the at least one number of samples comprises a single number of samples, such that the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of the same number of samples on both sides of the peak of the earliest path.

[0202] Clause 3. The method of Clause 2, wherein the single number of samples is derived dependently on the corresponding bandwidth and the oversampling factor used to compute the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) samples of the RS-P.

[0203] Clause 4. The method of any of Clauses 2 to 3, wherein the single number of samples is zero, and wherein the energy includes only the energy of samples associated with the peak of the earliest path.

[0204] Clause 5. The method of any of Clauses 2 to 4, wherein the time threshold is defined relative to the peak of the earliest path, and wherein the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of any samples falling within the time threshold on either side of the peak of the earliest path.

[0205] Clause 6. The method as described in Clause 5, wherein the time threshold is based on the corresponding bandwidth, or wherein the time threshold is a parameter configured by the network.

[0206] Clause 7. The method of any of Clauses 1 to 6, wherein the at least one number of samples comprises: a first number of samples before the peak of the earliest path and a second number of samples after the peak of the earliest path, wherein the first number of samples and the second number of samples are different.

[0207] Clause 8. The method of Clause 7, wherein the first number of samples includes one or more samples from the peak of the earliest path to the first valley preceding the peak of the earliest path, and wherein the second number of samples includes at least one sample from the peak of the earliest path to the first valley following the peak of the earliest path.

[0208] Clause 9. The method of any of Clauses 1 to 8, wherein a first valley preceding the peak of the earliest path is associated with a first energy, wherein a first valley following the peak of the earliest path is associated with a second energy, and wherein the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of one or more samples on the side of the peak of the earliest path associated with the lower of the first and second energies.

[0209] Clause 10. The method of any of Clauses 1 to 9, wherein the first energy valley before the peak of the earliest path to the peak of the earliest path is a first number of samples, wherein the first energy valley after the peak of the earliest path to the peak of the earliest path is a second number of samples, and wherein the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of one or more samples on the side associated only with the lower of the first number and the second number of samples to the peak of the earliest path.

[0210] Clause 11. The method of any of Clauses 1 to 10, wherein the RSRP is measured daily from antenna to ground, or wherein the RSRP is measured as an average RSRP across multiple antenna pairs.

[0211] Clause 12. The method of any of Clauses 1 to 11, wherein the wireless node corresponds to a user equipment (UE) or a base station.

[0212] Clause 13. The method of any of Clauses 1 to 12, wherein the RS-P corresponds to an uplink probe reference signal (UL-SRS-P), a downlink positioning reference signal (DL-PRS), or a sidelink SRS-P (SL-SRS-P) for positioning.

[0213] Clause 14. The method of any of Clauses 1 to 13, wherein the at least one number of samples or the parameters used by the wireless node to derive the at least one number of samples are network configured.

[0214] Clause 15. The method of any of Clauses 1 to 14 further includes: reporting the RSRP to an external entity.

[0215] Clause 16. The method of Clause 15 further includes: reporting an additional RSRP measurement based on the energy across multiple paths of the RS-P.

[0216] Clause 17. The method of any of Clauses 1 to 16 further includes: deriving angle measurements based on the RSRP.

[0217] Clause 18. The method of Clause 17 further includes: reporting the derived angle measurement to an external entity.

[0218] Clause 19. The method of any of Clauses 17 to 18 further includes: determining a positioning estimate of the user equipment (UE) based on the derived angle measurement.

[0219] Clause 20. The method of any of Clauses 17 to 19, wherein the angle measurement includes a downlink departure angle (DL-AoD) measurement or an uplink arrival angle (UL-AoA) measurement.

[0220] Clause 21. A wireless node comprising: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: receive a reference signal (RS-P) for positioning on a corresponding bandwidth over one or more paths, including the earliest path; and measure the reference signal received power (RSRP) associated with the earliest path of the RS-P based on the sum of energy over the corresponding bandwidth in at least a number of samples from the peak of the earliest path.

[0221] Clause 22. A wireless node as described in Clause 21, wherein the at least one number of samples comprises a single number of samples such that the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energy of the same number of samples on both sides of the peak of the earliest path.

[0222] Clause 23. The wireless node as described in Clause 22, wherein the single number of samples is derived dependent on the corresponding bandwidth and the oversampling factor used to calculate the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) samples of the RS-P.

[0223] Clause 24. A wireless node as described in Clause 22, wherein the single number of samples is zero, and wherein the energy includes only the energy of samples associated with the peak of the earliest path.

[0224] Clause 25. A wireless node as described in Clause 22, wherein a time threshold is defined relative to the peak of the earliest path, and wherein the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energy of any sample falling within the time threshold on either side of the peak of the earliest path.

[0225] Clause 26. As in Clause 25, for wireless nodes, wherein the time threshold is based on the corresponding bandwidth, or wherein the time threshold is a parameter configured by the network.

[0226] Clause 27. A wireless node of any of Clauses 21 to 26, wherein the at least one number of samples comprises: a first number of samples before the peak of the earliest path and a second number of samples after the peak of the earliest path, wherein the first number of samples and the second number of samples are different.

[0227] Clause 28. A wireless node as described in Clause 27, wherein the first number of samples includes one or more samples from the peak of the earliest path to a first valley preceding the peak of the earliest path, and wherein the second number of samples includes at least one sample from the peak of the earliest path to a first valley following the peak of the earliest path.

[0228] Clause 29. A wireless node of any of Clauses 21 to 28, wherein a first energy valley preceding the peak of the earliest path is associated with a first energy, wherein a first energy valley following the peak of the earliest path is associated with a second energy, and wherein the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of one or more samples on the side of the peak of the earliest path associated with the lower of the first and second energies.

[0229] Clause 30. A wireless node of any of Clauses 21 to 29, wherein the first energy valley before the peak of the earliest path to the peak of the earliest path is a first number of samples, wherein the first energy valley after the peak of the earliest path to the peak of the earliest path is a second number of samples, and wherein the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energy of one or more samples on the side associated only with the lower of the first number and the second number of samples to the peak of the earliest path.

[0230] Clause 31. A wireless node such as any of Clauses 21 to 30, wherein the RSRP is measured daily from antenna to ground, or wherein the RSRP is measured as an average RSRP across multiple antenna pairs.

[0231] Clause 32. A wireless node as described in any of Clauses 21 to 31, wherein the wireless node corresponds to a user equipment (UE) or a base station.

[0232] Clause 33. A wireless node such as any of Clauses 21 to 32, wherein the RS-P corresponds to an uplink probe reference signal (UL-SRS-P), a downlink positioning reference signal (DL-PRS), or a sidelink SRS-P (SL-SRS-P) for positioning.

[0233] Clause 34. A wireless node of any of Clauses 21 to 33, wherein the at least one number of samples or the parameters used by the wireless node to derive the at least one number of samples are network-configured.

[0234] Clause 35. A wireless node such as any of Clauses 21 to 34, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: report the RSRP to an external entity.

[0235] Clause 36. A wireless node as described in Clause 35, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: report another RSRP measurement based on the energy and sum of multiple paths across the RS-P.

[0236] Clause 37. A wireless node such as any of Clauses 21 to 36, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to derive angle measurements based on the RSRP.

[0237] Clause 38. A wireless node as described in Clause 37, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: report the derived angle measurement to an external entity.

[0238] Clause 39. A wireless node such as any of Clauses 37 to 38, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: determine a localization estimate of the user equipment (UE) based on the derived angle measurement.

[0239] Clause 40. For any wireless node of Clauses 37 to 39, wherein the angle measurement includes a downlink angle of departure (DL-AoD) measurement or an uplink angle of arrival (UL-AoA) measurement.

[0240] Clause 41. A wireless node comprising: means for receiving a reference signal (RS-P) for positioning on a corresponding bandwidth on one or more paths, including the earliest path; and means for measuring the reference signal received power (RSRP) associated with the earliest path of the RS-P based on the sum of energy over the corresponding bandwidth in at least a number of samples from the peak of the earliest path.

[0241] Clause 42. A wireless node as described in Clause 41, wherein the at least one number of samples comprises a single number of samples such that the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energy of the same number of samples on both sides of the peak of the earliest path.

[0242] Clause 43. The wireless node as described in Clause 42, wherein the single number of samples is derived dependent on the corresponding bandwidth and the oversampling factor used to calculate the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) samples of the RS-P.

[0243] Clause 44. A wireless node such as any of Clauses 42 to 43, wherein the single number of samples is zero, and wherein the energy includes only the energy of samples associated with the peak of the earliest path.

[0244] Clause 45. A wireless node such as any of Clauses 42 to 44, wherein a time threshold is defined relative to the peak of the earliest path, and wherein the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energy of any samples falling within the time threshold on either side of the peak of the earliest path.

[0245] Clause 46. As in Clause 45, for wireless nodes, wherein the time threshold is based on the corresponding bandwidth, or wherein the time threshold is a parameter configured by the network.

[0246] Clause 47. A wireless node of any of Clauses 41 to 46, wherein the at least one number of samples comprises: a first number of samples before the peak of the earliest path and a second number of samples after the peak of the earliest path, wherein the first number of samples and the second number of samples are different.

[0247] Clause 48. A wireless node as described in Clause 47, wherein the first number of samples includes one or more samples from the peak of the earliest path to a first valley preceding the peak of the earliest path, and wherein the second number of samples includes at least one sample from the peak of the earliest path to a first valley following the peak of the earliest path.

[0248] Clause 49. A wireless node of any of Clauses 41 to 48, wherein a first energy valley preceding the peak of the earliest path is associated with a first energy, wherein a first energy valley following the peak of the earliest path is associated with a second energy, and wherein the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of one or more samples on the side of the peak of the earliest path associated with the lower of the first and second energies.

[0249] Clause 50. A wireless node of any of Clauses 41 to 49, wherein the first energy valley before the peak of the earliest path to the peak of the earliest path is a first number of samples, wherein the first energy valley after the peak of the earliest path to the peak of the earliest path is a second number of samples, and wherein the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energy of one or more samples on the side associated only with the lower of the first number and the second number of samples to the peak of the earliest path.

[0250] Clause 51. A wireless node such as any of Clauses 41 to 50, wherein the RSRP is measured daily from antenna to ground, or wherein the RSRP is measured as an average RSRP across multiple antenna pairs.

[0251] Clause 52. A wireless node as described in any of Clauses 41 to 51, wherein the wireless node corresponds to a user equipment (UE) or a base station.

[0252] Clause 53. A wireless node such as any of Clauses 41 to 52, wherein the RS-P corresponds to an uplink probe reference signal (UL-SRS-P), a downlink positioning reference signal (DL-PRS), or a sidelink SRS-P (SL-SRS-P) for positioning.

[0253] Clause 54. A wireless node such as any of Clauses 41 to 53, wherein the at least one number of samples or the parameters used by the wireless node to derive the at least one number of samples are network configured.

[0254] Clause 55. A wireless node such as any of Clauses 41 to 54 further includes: means for reporting the RSRP to an external entity.

[0255] Clause 56. The wireless node as described in Clause 55 further includes: means for reporting energy and another RSRP measurement based on multiple paths across the RS-P.

[0256] Clause 57. A wireless node such as any of Clauses 41 to 56 further includes: means for deriving angle measurements based on the RSRP.

[0257] Clause 58. The wireless node, as described in Clause 57, further includes: means for reporting the derived angle measurement to an external entity.

[0258] Clause 59. A wireless node such as any of Clauses 57 to 58 further includes: means for determining a positioning estimate of the user equipment (UE) based on the derived angle measurement.

[0259] Clause 60. For any wireless node of Clauses 57 to 59, wherein the angle measurement includes a downlink angle of departure (DL-AoD) measurement or an uplink angle of arrival (UL-AoA) measurement.

[0260] Clause 61. A non-transient computer-readable medium storing an instruction set including one or more instructions, when executed by one or more processors of a wireless node, causing the wireless node to perform the following operations: receiving a reference signal (RS-P) for positioning on a corresponding bandwidth over one or more paths, including the earliest path; and measuring the reference signal received power (RSRP) associated with the earliest path of the RS-P based on the sum of energy over the corresponding bandwidth in at least a number of samples from the peak of the earliest path.

[0261] Clause 62. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in Clause 61, wherein the at least one number of samples comprises a single number of samples such that the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of the same number of samples on either side of the peak of the earliest path.

[0262] Clause 63. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in Clause 62, wherein the single number of samples is derived dependent on the corresponding bandwidth and the oversampling factor used to compute the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) samples of the RS-P.

[0263] Clause 64. A non-transient computer-readable medium such as any of Clauses 62 to 63, wherein the single number of samples is zero, and wherein the energy includes only the energy of the samples associated with the peak of the earliest path.

[0264] Clause 65. A non-transient computer-readable medium such as those in Clauses 62 to 64, wherein a time threshold is defined relative to the peak of the earliest path, and wherein the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of any samples falling within that time threshold on either side of the peak of the earliest path.

[0265] Clause 66. Non-transient computer-readable media as described in Clause 65, wherein the time threshold is based on the corresponding bandwidth, or wherein the time threshold is a parameter configured by the network.

[0266] Clause 67. A non-transient computer-readable medium such as any of Clauses 61 to 66, wherein the at least one number of samples comprises: a first number of samples before the peak of the earliest path and a second number of samples after the peak of the earliest path, wherein the first number of samples and the second number of samples are different.

[0267] Clause 68. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in Clause 67, wherein a first number of samples comprises one or more samples from the peak of the earliest path to a first valley preceding the peak of the earliest path, and wherein a second number of samples comprises at least one sample from the peak of the earliest path to a first valley following the peak of the earliest path.

[0268] Clause 69. A non-transient computer-readable medium such as any of Clauses 61 to 68, wherein a first valley preceding the peak of the earliest path is associated with a first energy, wherein a first valley following the peak of the earliest path is associated with a second energy, and wherein the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of one or more samples on only the side of the peak of the earliest path associated with the lower of the first and second energies.

[0269] Clause 70. A non-transient computer-readable medium such as any of Clauses 61 to 69, wherein the first valley before the peak of the earliest path to the peak of the earliest path is a first number of samples, wherein the first valley after the peak of the earliest path to the peak of the earliest path is a second number of samples, and wherein the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of one or more samples on the side associated only with the lower of the first number and the second number of samples to the peak of the earliest path.

[0270] Clause 71. A non-transient computer-readable medium such as any of Clauses 61 to 70, wherein the RSRP is measured daily from antenna to ground, or wherein the RSRP is measured as an average RSRP across multiple antenna pairs.

[0271] Clause 72. A non-transient computer-readable medium such as any of Clauses 61 to 71, wherein the wireless node corresponds to a user equipment (UE) or a base station.

[0272] Clause 73. A non-transient computer-readable medium such as any of Clauses 61 to 72, wherein the RS-P corresponds to an uplink probe reference signal (UL-SRS-P), a downlink positioning reference signal (DL-PRS), or a sidelink SRS-P (SL-SRS-P) for positioning.

[0273] Clause 74. A non-transient computer-readable medium such as any of Clauses 61 to 73, wherein the at least one number of samples or the parameters used by the wireless node to derive the at least one number of samples are network-configured.

[0274] Clause 75. A non-transient computer-readable medium such as any of Clauses 61 to 74, wherein one or more instructions further cause the wireless node to: report the RSRP to an external entity.

[0275] Clause 76. As in Clause 75, a non-transient computer-readable medium wherein one or more instructions further cause the wireless node to: report an additional RSRP measurement based on the energy across multiple paths of the RS-P.

[0276] Clause 77. A non-transient computer-readable medium such as any of Clauses 61 to 76, wherein one or more instructions further enable the wireless node to: derive angle measurements based on the RSRP.

[0277] Clause 78. A non-transient computer-readable medium as described in Clause 77, wherein one or more instructions further cause the wireless node to: report the derived angle measurement to an external entity.

[0278] Clause 79. A non-transient computer-readable medium such as any of Clauses 77 to 78, wherein one or more instructions further cause the wireless node to: determine a localization estimate of the user equipment (UE) based on the derived angle measurement.

[0279] Clause 80. Non-transient computer-readable media such as any of Clauses 77 to 79, wherein the angle measurement includes a downlink angle of departure (DL-AoD) measurement or an uplink angle of arrival (UL-AoA) measurement.

[0280] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and skills. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referred to throughout the above description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or light particles, or any combination thereof.

[0281] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithmic steps described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability between hardware and software, the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are described above in a generalized manner in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those skilled in the art may implement the described functionality in different ways for each specific application, but such implementation decisions should not be construed as departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0282] The various illustrative logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented or executed using a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in alternatives, it may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors cooperating with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0283] The methods, sequences, and / or algorithms described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of both. The software module may reside in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. Example storage media are coupled to the processor so that the processor can read / write information from / to the storage medium. In alternatives, the storage medium may be integrated into the processor. The processor and storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal (e.g., a UE). In alternatives, the processor and storage medium may reside as discrete components in the user terminal.

[0284] In one or more examples, the described functionality may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functionality may be stored or transmitted as one or more instructions or codes on or through a computer-readable medium. A computer-readable medium includes both computer storage media and communication media, including any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A storage medium may be any available medium accessible to a computer. By way of example and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disc storage, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and is accessible to a computer. Similarly, any connection is also legitimately referred to as a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then such coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. As used in this article, disks and discs include compact discs (CDs), laser discs, optical discs, digital multi-purpose discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs. Disks typically reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of these should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0285] While the foregoing disclosure has illustrated illustrative aspects of this disclosure, it should be noted that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope of this disclosure as defined by the appended claims. The functions, steps, and / or actions in the method claims according to the aspects of this disclosure described herein need not be performed in any particular order. Furthermore, although elements of this disclosure may be described or claimed in the singular, pluralism is also contemplated unless explicitly stated to be limited to the singular.

Claims

1. A method for operating a wireless node, comprising: Receive a reference signal (RS-P) for positioning on the corresponding bandwidth of one or more paths, including the earliest path; as well as The reference signal received power (RSRP) associated with the earliest path of the RS-P is measured based on the sum of energy over the corresponding bandwidth in at least a number of samples starting from the peak of the earliest path.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one number of samples comprises a single number of samples such that the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of the same number of samples on both sides of the peak of the earliest path.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the number of individual samples is derived dependent on the corresponding bandwidth and the oversampling factor used to calculate the RS-P inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) samples.

4. The method as described in claim 2, Where the number of individual samples is zero, and The energy mentioned therein includes only the energy of samples associated with the peak of the earliest path.

5. The method as described in claim 2, The time threshold is defined relative to the peak value of the earliest path, and The RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of any samples falling within the time threshold on either side of the peak of the earliest path.

6. The method as described in claim 5, The time threshold is based on the corresponding bandwidth, or The time threshold mentioned above is a parameter configured in the network.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one number of samples comprises: The first number of samples before the peak of the earliest path and the second number of samples after the peak of the earliest path are different.

8. The method as described in claim 7, The first number of samples includes one or more samples from the peak of the earliest path to the first valley preceding the peak of the earliest path, and The second number of samples includes at least one sample from the peak of the earliest path to the first valley following the peak of the earliest path.

9. The method as described in claim 1, The first valley preceding the peak of the earliest path is associated with a first energy. The first energy valley following the peak of the earliest path is associated with the second energy, and The RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of one or more samples on the side of the peak of the earliest path that are associated with the lower energy of the first energy and the second energy.

10. The method as described in claim 1, Wherein the first valley preceding the peak of the earliest path to the peak of the earliest path is a first number of samples, The first valley following the peak of the earliest path to the peak of the earliest path is a second number of samples, and The RSRP is measured based on the energy of one or more samples on the side associated only with the lower of the first number and the second number of samples to the peak of the earliest path.

11. The method as described in claim 1, The RSRP mentioned therein is measured daily from the ground, or The RSRP is measured as the average RSRP across multiple antenna pairs.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless node corresponds to a user equipment (UE) or a base station.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the RS-P corresponds to an uplink probe reference signal (UL-SRS-P), a downlink positioning reference signal (DL-PRS), or a sidelink SRS-P (SL-SRS-P) for positioning.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one number of samples or the parameters used by the wireless node to derive the at least one number of samples are network configured.

15. The method of claim 1, further comprising: Report the RSRP to external entities.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising: The report is based on the energy across multiple paths of the RS-P and another RSRP measurement.

17. The method of claim 1, further comprising: Angle measurements are derived based on the RSRP.

18. The method of claim 17, further comprising: Report the derived angle measurements to external entities.

19. The method of claim 17, further comprising: The location estimate of the user equipment (UE) is determined based on the derived angle measurement.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein the angle measurement includes downlink departure angle (DL-AoD) measurement or uplink arrival angle (UL-AoA) measurement.

21. A wireless node, comprising: Memory; At least one transceiver; as well as At least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: Receive a reference signal (RS-P) for positioning on the corresponding bandwidth of one or more paths, including the earliest path; and The reference signal received power (RSRP) associated with the earliest path of the RS-P is measured based on the sum of energy over the corresponding bandwidth in at least a number of samples starting from the peak of the earliest path.

22. The wireless node of claim 21, wherein the at least one number of samples comprises a single number of samples such that the RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energy of the same number of samples on both sides of the peak of the earliest path.

23. The wireless node of claim 22, wherein the number of individual samples is derived dependent on the corresponding bandwidth and an oversampling factor used to calculate the RS-P inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) samples.

24. The wireless node as described in claim 22, Where the number of individual samples is zero, and The energy mentioned therein includes only the energy of samples associated with the peak of the earliest path.

25. The wireless node as described in claim 22, The time threshold is defined relative to the peak value of the earliest path, and The RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of any samples falling within the time threshold on either side of the peak of the earliest path.

26. The wireless node as described in claim 25, The time threshold is based on the corresponding bandwidth, or The time threshold mentioned above is a parameter configured in the network.

27. The wireless node of claim 21, wherein the at least one number of samples comprises: The first number of samples before the peak of the earliest path and the second number of samples after the peak of the earliest path are different.

28. The wireless node as described in claim 27, The first number of samples includes one or more samples from the peak of the earliest path to the first valley preceding the peak of the earliest path, and The second number of samples includes at least one sample from the peak of the earliest path to the first valley following the peak of the earliest path.

29. The wireless node as described in claim 21, The first valley preceding the peak of the earliest path is associated with a first energy. The first energy valley following the peak of the earliest path is associated with the second energy, and The RSRP is measured based on the sum of the energies of one or more samples on the side of the peak of the earliest path that are associated with the lower energy of the first energy and the second energy.

30. The wireless node as described in claim 21, Wherein the first valley preceding the peak of the earliest path to the peak of the earliest path is a first number of samples, The first valley following the peak of the earliest path to the peak of the earliest path is a second number of samples, and The RSRP is measured based on the energy of one or more samples on the side associated only with the lower of the first number and the second number of samples to the peak of the earliest path.

31. The wireless node as described in claim 21, The RSRP mentioned therein is measured daily from the ground, or The RSRP is measured as the average RSRP across multiple antenna pairs.

32. The wireless node of claim 21, wherein the wireless node corresponds to a user equipment (UE) or a base station.

33. The wireless node of claim 21, wherein the RS-P corresponds to an uplink probe reference signal (UL-SRS-P), a downlink positioning reference signal (DL-PRS), or a sidelink SRS-P (SL-SRS-P) for positioning.

34. The wireless node of claim 21, wherein the at least one number of samples or the parameters used by the wireless node to derive the at least one number of samples are network configured.

35. The wireless node of claim 21, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Report the RSRP to external entities.

36. The wireless node of claim 35, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: The report is based on the energy across multiple paths of the RS-P and another RSRP measurement.

37. The wireless node of claim 21, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Angle measurements are derived based on the RSRP.

38. The wireless node of claim 37, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Report the derived angle measurements to external entities.

39. The wireless node of claim 37, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: The location estimate of the user equipment (UE) is determined based on the derived angle measurement.

40. The wireless node of claim 37, wherein the angle measurement includes downlink angle of departure (DL-AoD) measurement or uplink angle of arrival (UL-AoA) measurement.

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