An organic compound fertilizer for promoting nitrogen absorption and utilization by continuous cropping peanuts and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses an organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts. Its raw materials include: urea, humic acid, potassium nitrate, calcium magnesium nitrate, earthworm manure, ammonium molybdate, magnesium silicate, vitamin E, highly adsorbent activated carbon, brown sugar, compound microbial inoculum, polyaspartic acid and water; the mass ratio of urea, humic acid, potassium nitrate, calcium magnesium nitrate, earthworm manure, ammonium molybdate, magnesium silicate, vitamin E, highly adsorbent activated carbon, brown sugar, compound microbial inoculum, polyaspartic acid, water is 10 - 20:5 - 15:2 - 10:2 - 10:4 - 10:1 - 5:1 - 2:0.1 - 1:5 - 15:1 - 5:2 - 6:1 - 2:110 - 320. The present invention also discloses a preparation method of the above organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of nitrogen absorption and utilization by continuous cropping peanuts, and particularly relates to an organic compound fertilizer for promoting nitrogen absorption and utilization by continuous cropping peanuts and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a leguminous oil crop, the oil content of peanut kernels is as high as about 50%. At present, in the main peanut producing areas, the reduction of peanut continuous cropping is serious, and the longer the continuous cropping period, the greater the reduction amplitude.

[0003] The continuous cropping obstacle has become a serious productive problem. Existing studies have shown that the deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties, the deterioration of soil biological environment and the autotoxicity of crops are the three major factors leading to continuous cropping obstacles. However, due to the intricate relationships among these factors, the generation mechanism of continuous cropping obstacles has not been fundamentally clarified yet.

[0004] Soil nutrients are mainly composed of organic matter, minerals and microorganisms. Since the beneficial microorganisms in the soil directly participate in the formation of soil fertility, including the transformation of substances and energy in the soil, the formation and decomposition of humus, the release of nutrients, the fixation of nitrogen, etc., the microbial activity of the soil microecosystem is very important for plant root nutrition.

[0005] At present, in order to increase the yield of peanut crops, chemical fertilizers are often applied in the form of liquid fertilizers, which are used by irrigation and spraying, and are more conducive to plant absorption. However, the existing liquid fertilizers are only mainly composed of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. On the one hand, long-term use will cause soil compaction. On the other hand, liquid fertilizers often need to be absorbed by the leaves or roots of plants, and can only play a better role in grown plants, while the growth conditions of crops in the early and middle stages are often ignored. At present, no liquid fertilizer for peanut emergence and the stage before emergence has been found.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the applicant proposes an organic compound fertilizer for the early and middle growth stages of continuous cropping peanuts, which can promote nitrogen absorption, improve soil compaction and increase soil vitality, and has very important significance. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the defects existing in the prior art, and to propose an organic compound fertilizer for promoting nitrogen absorption and utilization by continuous cropping peanuts and a preparation method thereof.

[0008] An organic compound fertilizer for promoting nitrogen absorption and utilization of continuous cropping peanuts, the raw materials of which include: urea, humic acid, potassium nitrate, calcium magnesium nitrate, earthworm manure, ammonium molybdate, magnesium silicate, vitamin E, high adsorption activated carbon, brown sugar, compound microbial inoculum, polyaspartic acid and water; the mass ratio of urea, humic acid, potassium nitrate, calcium magnesium nitrate, earthworm manure, ammonium molybdate, magnesium silicate, vitamin E, high adsorption activated carbon, brown sugar, compound microbial inoculum, polyaspartic acid, water is 10-20:5-15:2-10:2-10:4-10:1-5:1-2:0.1-1:5-15:1-5:2-6:1-2:110-320.

[0009] Preferably, the compound microbial inoculum is azotobacter mucilaginosus bacterium solution or / and azotobacter polymyxa bacterium solution.

[0010] More preferably, the viable bacteria content of the azotobacter mucilaginosus bacterium solution is 0.9-1.1×10 10 cfu / g.

[0011] More preferably, the viable bacteria content of the azotobacter polymyxa bacterium solution is 0.9-1.1×10 10 cfu / g.

[0012] Preferably, the high adsorption activated carbon uses silica microspheres with a central radial dendritic structure as a template, assembles cationic polyacrylamide and anionic polyacrylamide on its surface, removes the template after carbonization, and is activated to obtain high adsorption activated carbon.

[0013] More preferably, the high adsorption activated carbon is prepared by the following specific operations: adding the silica microsphere template to cationic polyacrylamide, stirring at 40-50°C for 1-2 h, adding anionic polyacrylamide and continuing to stir for 1-2 h, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging, washing, freeze-drying, carbonizing at 720-800°C for 10-30 min under nitrogen protection, cooling to room temperature, pulverizing, soaking in a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 0.5-1.2 mol / L for 30-60 h, drying, activating at 900-940°C for 10-30 min under nitrogen protection, cooling to room temperature, soaking in hydrogen peroxide, ultrasonic vibrating at 40-50°C for 5-10 h, washing, and drying to obtain high adsorption activated carbon.

[0014] Even more preferably, the mass ratio of the silica microsphere template, cationic polyacrylamide, and anionic polyacrylamide is 3-6:1-3:0.1-1.

[0015] Even more preferably, the silica microsphere template is prepared by the following specific steps: Add triethanolamine to water and stir evenly. While stirring, add sodium salicylate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide thereto and stir for 40 - 60 min. While stirring, add tetraethyl orthosilicate dropwise thereto, and continue stirring for 5 - 8 h. Adjust the pH value of the system to 11 - 12.8 to obtain the silica microsphere template.

[0016] Even more even preferably, the mass ratio of triethanolamine, sodium salicylate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and tetraethyl orthosilicate is 0.5 - 1.2:1 - 2:1 - 2:2 - 6.

[0017] In this application, sodium salicylate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide are compounded as a structure - directing agent. The hydrophilic end and the hydrophobic end interact to form micelles. After tetraethyl orthosilicate is hydrolyzed, it self - assembles with the micelles to form silica microspheres with a central emission - like dendritic structure.

[0018] Then, using the above - mentioned silica microsphere structure as a template, adjust its surface charge property. Not only can it promote the uniform dispersion of silica microspheres through electrostatic repulsion, but also positively charged polyacrylamide and negatively charged polyacrylamide are successively combined and assembled on its surface. After carbonization, the silica microsphere template is removed, thereby constructing an ultra - light hollow microsphere with an internal emission - dendritic hollow structure and a shell - layer of a double - layer three - dimensional aerogel network.

[0019] The high - adsorption activated carbon obtained in this application not only forms a unique loose and porous structure with an extremely high specific surface area, but also its special aerogel structure gives it excellent elasticity.

[0020] The preparation method of the above - mentioned organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous - cropping peanuts includes the following steps:

[0021] S1. Mix urea, humic acid, potassium nitrate, calcium magnesium nitrate, earthworm manure, ammonium molybdate, magnesium silicate, and vitamin E evenly, and add water and stir evenly to obtain pre - material a;

[0022] S2. Mix high - adsorption activated carbon and brown sugar in water and stir evenly, then add a compound microbial inoculant and stir evenly to obtain pre - material b;

[0023] S3. Mix pre - material a, pre - material b, and polyaspartic acid evenly to obtain the organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous - cropping peanuts.

[0024] This application uses urea in compound with potassium nitrate and calcium magnesium nitrate. In a liquid environment, it can not only fully penetrate into the structure of highly adsorbent activated carbon, but also potassium nitrate and calcium magnesium nitrate can combine with the oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of highly adsorbent activated carbon with high binding strength. During the application of the compound fertilizer, urea first provides a nitrogen source for peanut seeds. Excessive urea is hydrolyzed into liquid ammonia under the action of urease in the soil and then converted into nitrate nitrogen by nitrite bacteria and nitrifying bacteria. The nitrate nitrogen will further bind to the surface of highly adsorbent activated carbon. On the one hand, it can effectively avoid the occurrence of soil compaction and hardening caused by excessive urea. On the other hand, it will produce a synergistic effect with potassium nitrate and calcium magnesium nitrate to slow-release the nitrogen in them. This application continues to use highly adsorbent activated carbon to form dynamic hydrogen bond binding with polyaspartic acid, which can not only effectively ensure the extremely high stability of the liquid organic compound fertilizer and promote the stable and uniform dispersion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements in it, but also directly act on the surface of peanut seeds in the form of hydrogel, reducing the time required to play a role.

[0025] Through experiments, the applicant found that for continuous cropping peanuts in the planting stage, the present invention can not only greatly improve the seed germination rate of peanuts, but also significantly promote the underground biomass such as the root length of the plants and the aboveground biomass such as the bud length, improving the competitiveness of continuous cropping peanuts.

[0026] The present invention selects Bacillus megaterium nitrogen-fixing and Bacillus azotofixans, uses highly adsorbent activated carbon as a carrier, and cooperates with earthworm manure. It can not only synergistically act with the original nitrogen-fixing microorganisms to enhance the vitality of the dominant flora, but also significantly improve the nitrogen-fixing ability of the roots and greatly increase the nitrogen-fixing level of the roots.

[0027] At the same time, highly adsorbent activated carbon can absorb and store nutrients in the soil through ion exchange / complexation, and at the same time improve soil aggregates and air permeability, thereby improving the storage of soil moisture and the conduction of air, increasing the water utilization rate of continuous cropping peanuts and promoting the growth of continuous cropping peanuts. After the present invention is applied to continuous cropping peanuts, not only the nutrient components are balanced, fully meeting the nutritional requirements for the growth of continuous cropping peanuts, but also the nitrogen-fixing ability of the roots of continuous cropping peanuts is effectively improved, making its roots grow vigorously, the product quality excellent, and the yield increase by at least 30%.

[0028] Aiming at the problems of low seed germination rate and low survival rate of continuous cropping peanuts in the early stage of the planting stage, the present invention not only improves the vitality of field crops in the initial growth stage, but also can greatly improve the stability of the initial budding of field crops and the survival rate of the initial crops. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is the N2 adsorption isotherm of the highly adsorbent activated carbon obtained in Example 5.

[0030] Figure 2 It is the N2 adsorption isotherm of the highly adsorbent activated carbon obtained in Comparative Example 1.

[0031] Figure 3 Adsorption kinetic analysis diagrams of nitrate nitrogen for the highly adsorbent activated carbon obtained in Example 5, Comparative Examples 1-2, and the activated carbon used in Example 3.

[0032] Figure 4 Comparison diagrams of germination rates and germination indices for the Example 5 group, Comparative Examples 1-3 groups, and the blank control group.

[0033] Figure 5 Comparison diagrams of nodule numbers and fresh nodule weights for the Example 5 group, Comparative Examples 1-3 groups, and the blank control group.

[0034] Figure 6 Comparison diagrams of nodule nitrogenase activity and nodule nitrogenase potential for the Example 5 group, Comparative Examples 1-3 groups, and the blank control group.

[0035] Figure 7 Comparison diagrams of dry matter accumulation per plant and yield for the Example 5 group, Comparative Examples 1-3 groups, and the blank control group.

[0036] Figure 8 Comparison diagrams of nitrogen contents in stems, leaves, and grains for the Example 5 group, Comparative Examples 1-3 groups, and the blank control group. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0038] The earthworm castings used below are obtained by composting earthworms (Eisenia foetida, variety: Daping No. 2) with pig manure as the feeding raw material, removing the surface layer substances, and then passing through a 2 mm nylon sieve. The obtained loose substance is the earthworm castings.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] An organic compound fertilizer for promoting nitrogen uptake and utilization by continuous cropping peanuts, the raw materials of which include: 10 kg of urea, 5 kg of humic acid, 2 kg of potassium nitrate, 2 kg of calcium magnesium nitrate, 4 kg of earthworm castings, 1 kg of ammonium molybdate, 1 kg of magnesium silicate, 0.1 kg of vitamin E, 5 kg of highly adsorbent activated carbon, 1 kg of brown sugar, 2 kg of compound microbial inoculum, 1 kg of polyaspartic acid, and 110 kg of water.

[0041] The compound microbial inoculum is a liquid of Azotobacter chroococcum with a viable bacteria content of 1×10 10 cfu / g.

[0042] The highly adsorbent activated carbon is prepared by the following specific operations:

[0043] Add 0.5 kg of triethanolamine to 10 kg of water and stir evenly. While stirring, add 1 kg of sodium salicylate and 1 kg of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and stir for 40 min. While stirring, add 2 kg of tetraethyl orthosilicate dropwise, and continue stirring for 5 h. Adjust the pH value of the system to 11 - 12.8 with a 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a silica microsphere template;

[0044] Add 3 kg of the silica microsphere template to 1 kg of cationic polyacrylamide, stir at 40 °C for 1 h, add 0.1 kg of anionic polyacrylamide and continue stirring for 1 h. Cool to room temperature, wash with deionized water after centrifugation, freeze-dry, carbonize at 720 °C for 10 min under nitrogen protection, cool to room temperature, pulverize, soak in a 0.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution for 30 h, dry, activate at 900 °C for 10 min under nitrogen protection, cool to room temperature, soak in a 0.5 mol / L hydrogen peroxide solution, perform ultrasonic vibration at 40 °C for 5 h, wash with clean water, and dry to obtain high-adsorption activated carbon with a particle size of 50 - 150 nm.

[0045] The preparation method of the above organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts includes the following steps:

[0046] S1. Mix urea, humic acid, potassium nitrate, calcium magnesium nitrate, earthworm manure, ammonium molybdate, magnesium silicate, and vitamin E evenly, and add water and stir evenly to obtain prefabricated material a;

[0047] S2. Mix high-adsorption activated carbon and brown sugar in water and stir evenly, then add a compound microbial inoculant and stir evenly to obtain prefabricated material b;

[0048] S3. Mix prefabricated material a, prefabricated material b, and polyaspartic acid evenly to obtain an organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] An organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts, the raw materials of which include: 20 kg of urea, 15 kg of humic acid, 10 kg of potassium nitrate, 10 kg of calcium magnesium nitrate, 10 kg of earthworm manure, 5 kg of ammonium molybdate, 2 kg of magnesium silicate, 1 kg of vitamin E, 15 kg of high-adsorption activated carbon, 5 kg of brown sugar, 6 kg of compound microbial inoculant, 2 kg of polyaspartic acid, and 320 kg of water.

[0051] The compound microbial inoculant is a nitrogen-fixing Paenibacillus polymyxa bacterial liquid with a viable bacteria content of 1×10 10 cfu / g.

[0052] The high-adsorption activated carbon is prepared by the following specific operations:

[0053] Add 1.2 kg of triethanolamine to 30 kg of water and stir evenly. While stirring, add 2 kg of sodium salicylate and 2 kg of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and stir for 60 min. While stirring, add 6 kg of tetraethyl orthosilicate dropwise, and continue stirring for 8 h. Adjust the pH value of the system to 11 - 12.8 with a 1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a silica microsphere template;

[0054] Add 6 kg of the silica microsphere template to 3 kg of cationic polyacrylamide, stir at 50 °C for 2 h, add 1 kg of anionic polyacrylamide and continue stirring for 2 h. Cool to room temperature, wash with deionized water after centrifugation, freeze-dry, carbonize at 800 °C for 30 min under nitrogen protection, cool to room temperature, crush, soak in a 1.2 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution for 60 h, dry, activate at 940 °C for 30 min under nitrogen protection, cool to room temperature, soak in a 1.2 mol / L hydrogen peroxide solution, ultrasonically vibrate at 50 °C for 10 h, wash with water, and dry to obtain highly adsorbent activated carbon with a particle size of 50 - 150 nm.

[0055] The preparation method of the organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts includes the following steps:

[0056] S1. Mix urea, humic acid, potassium nitrate, calcium magnesium nitrate, earthworm manure, ammonium molybdate, magnesium silicate, and vitamin E evenly, and add water and stir evenly to obtain prefabricated material a;

[0057] S2. Mix the highly adsorbent activated carbon and brown sugar in water and stir evenly, then add the compound microbial inoculant and stir evenly to obtain prefabricated material b;

[0058] S3. Mix prefabricated material a, prefabricated material b, and polyaspartic acid evenly to obtain the organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] An organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts, whose raw materials include: 12 kg of urea, 12 kg of humic acid, 4 kg of potassium nitrate, 8 kg of calcium magnesium nitrate, 6 kg of earthworm manure, 4 kg of ammonium molybdate, 1.3 kg of magnesium silicate, 0.7 kg of vitamin E, 8 kg of highly adsorbent activated carbon, 4 kg of brown sugar, 3 kg of compound microbial inoculant, 1.6 kg of polyaspartic acid, and 180 kg of water.

[0061] The compound microbial inoculant is a liquid of Azotobacter chroococcum with a viable bacteria content of 1×10 10 cfu / g and a liquid of Paenibacillus polymyxa with a viable bacteria content of 1×10 10 cfu / g.

[0062] The highly adsorbent activated carbon is prepared by the following specific operations:

[0063] 1 kg of triethanolamine was added to 15 kg of water and stirred evenly. 1.7 kg of sodium salicylate and 1.3 kg of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide were added thereto under stirring and stirred for 55 min. 3 kg of ethyl orthosilicate was added thereto dropwise under stirring and stirred for 7 h. A 0.2 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution was used to adjust the pH value of the system to 11-12.8 to obtain a silica microsphere template.

[0064] Add 1.5 kg of cationic polyacrylamide to 5 kg of silica microsphere template, stir at 48 ° C for 1 hour, add 0.7 kg of anionic polyacrylamide and continue stirring for 80 minutes, cool to room temperature, centrifuge and wash with deionized water, freeze-dry, carbonize at 780 ° C for 15 minutes under nitrogen protection, cool to room temperature, crush, soak in 1 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution for 40 hours, dry, activate at 930 ° C for 15 minutes under nitrogen protection, cool to room temperature, soak in 1 mol / L hydrogen peroxide, ultrasonically vibrate at 42 ° C for 8 hours, wash with clean water, and dry to obtain high-adsorption activated carbon with a particle size of 50-150 nm.

[0065] The method for preparing the organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuously planted peanuts comprises the following steps:

[0066] S1, urea, humic acid, potassium nitrate, calcium magnesium nitrate, earthworm castings, ammonium molybdate, magnesium silicate, and vitamin E are mixed evenly, and water is added and stirred evenly to obtain prefabricated material a;

[0067] S2, adding high-absorption activated carbon and brown sugar into water and stirring evenly, adding composite microbial agent and stirring evenly to obtain prefabricated material b;

[0068] S3. The prefabricated material a, the prefabricated material b and polyaspartic acid are uniformly mixed to obtain an organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuously planted peanuts.

[0069] Example 4

[0070] An organic compound fertilizer for promoting continuous peanut cropping to absorb and utilize nitrogen, the raw materials of which include: 18kg of urea, 8kg of humic acid, 8kg of potassium nitrate, 4kg of calcium magnesium nitrate, 8kg of earthworm manure, 2kg of ammonium molybdate, 1.7kg of magnesium silicate, 0.3kg of vitamin E, 12kg of high-absorption activated carbon, 2kg of brown sugar, 5kg of compound microbial agent, 1.4kg of polyaspartic acid, and 260kg of water.

[0071] The composite microbial agent has a live bacterial content of 1×10 10 cfu / g of nitrogen-fixing colloidal Bacillus bacterial solution and the content of live bacteria was 1×10 10 cfu / g of nitrogen-fixing Bacillus polymyxa liquid.

[0072] The highly adsorbent activated carbon is prepared by the following specific operations:

[0073] Add 0.8 kg of triethanolamine to 25 kg of water and stir evenly. While stirring, add 1.3 kg of sodium salicylate and 1.7 kg of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide thereto and stir for 45 min. While stirring, dropwise add 5 kg of tetraethyl orthosilicate thereto and continue stirring for 6 h. Adjust the pH value of the system to 11 - 12.8 with a sodium hydroxide solution having a concentration of 0.8 mol / L to obtain a silica microsphere template;

[0074] Add 4 kg of the silica microsphere template to 2.5 kg of cationic polyacrylamide, stir at a temperature of 42 °C for 2 h, add 0.3 kg of anionic polyacrylamide and continue stirring for 100 min. Cool to room temperature, wash with deionized water after centrifugation, freeze-dry, carbonize at 740 °C for 25 min under nitrogen protection, cool to room temperature, pulverize, soak in a sodium hydroxide solution having a concentration of 0.8 mol / L for 50 h, dry, activate at 910 °C for 25 min under nitrogen protection, cool to room temperature, soak in a hydrogen peroxide solution having a concentration of 0.8 mol / L, perform ultrasonic vibration at 48 °C for 6 h, wash with clear water, and dry to obtain highly adsorbent activated carbon with a particle size of 50 - 150 nm.

[0075] The preparation method of the above-mentioned organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts includes the following steps:

[0076] S1. Mix urea, humic acid, potassium nitrate, calcium magnesium nitrate, earthworm manure, ammonium molybdate, magnesium silicate, and vitamin E evenly, and add water and stir evenly to obtain a prefabricated material a;

[0077] S2. Mix the highly adsorbent activated carbon and brown sugar in water and stir evenly, and then add a compound microbial inoculant and stir evenly to obtain a prefabricated material b;

[0078] S3. Mix the prefabricated material a, the prefabricated material b, and polyaspartic acid evenly to obtain an organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts.

[0079] Example 5

[0080] An organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts, the raw materials thereof include: 15 kg of urea, 10 kg of humic acid, 6 kg of potassium nitrate, 6 kg of calcium magnesium nitrate, 7 kg of earthworm manure, 3 kg of ammonium molybdate, 1.5 kg of magnesium silicate, 0.5 kg of vitamin E, 10 kg of highly adsorbent activated carbon, 3 kg of brown sugar, 4 kg of compound microbial inoculant, 1.5 kg of polyaspartic acid, and 220 kg of water.

[0081] The compound microbial inoculant is a liquid of Azotobacter chroococcum with a viable bacteria content of 1×10 10 cfu / g and a liquid of Azotobacter chroococcum with a viable bacteria content of 1×1010 Azotobacter polymyxa bacterial solution with cfu / g.

[0082] The highly adsorbent activated carbon is prepared by the following specific operations:

[0083] Add 0.9 kg of triethanolamine to 20 kg of water and stir evenly. While stirring, add 1.5 kg of sodium salicylate and 1.5 kg of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and stir for 50 min. While stirring, dropwise add 4 kg of tetraethyl orthosilicate, and continue stirring for 6.5 h. Adjust the pH value of the system to 11 - 12.8 with a 0.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a silica microsphere template;

[0084] Add 4.5 kg of silica microsphere template to 2 kg of cationic polyacrylamide, stir at 45 °C for 1 - 2 h, add 0.5 kg of anionic polyacrylamide and continue stirring for 90 min. Cool to room temperature, wash with deionized water after centrifugation, freeze-dry, carbonize at 760 °C for 20 min under nitrogen protection, cool to room temperature, crush, soak in a 0.9 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution for 45 h, dry, activate at 920 °C for 20 min under nitrogen protection, cool to room temperature, soak in a 0.9 mol / L hydrogen peroxide solution, ultrasonically vibrate at 45 °C for 7 h, wash with water, and dry to obtain highly adsorbent activated carbon with a particle size of 50 - 150 nm.

[0085] The preparation method of the above organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts includes the following steps:

[0086] S1. Mix urea, humic acid, potassium nitrate, calcium magnesium nitrate, earthworm manure, ammonium molybdate, magnesium silicate, and vitamin E evenly, and add water and stir evenly to obtain prefabricated material a;

[0087] S2. Mix the highly adsorbent activated carbon and brown sugar in water and stir evenly, then add the compound microbial inoculant and stir evenly to obtain prefabricated material b;

[0088] S3. Mix prefabricated material a, prefabricated material b, and polyaspartic acid evenly to obtain the organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts.

[0089] Control Example 1

[0090] An organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts, the raw materials of which include: 15 kg of urea, 10 kg of humic acid, 6 kg of potassium nitrate, 6 kg of calcium magnesium nitrate, 7 kg of earthworm manure, 3 kg of ammonium molybdate, 1.5 kg of magnesium silicate, 0.5 kg of vitamin E, 10 kg of highly adsorbent activated carbon, 3 kg of brown sugar, 4 kg of compound microbial inoculant, 1.5 kg of polyaspartic acid, and 220 kg of water.

[0091] The compound microbial inoculant has a viable bacteria content of 1×1010 The Azotobacter chroococcum bacterial liquid with a viable count of 1×10 10 cfu / g and the Azotobacter polymyxa bacterial liquid with a viable count of 1×10

[0092] The high - adsorption activated carbon is prepared by the following specific operations:

[0093] Add 0.9 kg of triethanolamine to 20 kg of water and stir evenly. While stirring, add 1.5 kg of sodium salicylate and 1.5 kg of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and stir for 50 min. While stirring, dropwise add 4 kg of tetraethyl orthosilicate, and continue stirring for 6.5 h. Adjust the pH value of the system to 11 - 12.8 with a 0.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a silica microsphere template;

[0094] Add 4.5 kg of the silica microsphere template to 2 kg of cationic polyacrylamide, stir at 45 °C for 1 - 2 h, add 0.5 kg of anionic polyacrylamide and continue stirring for 90 min. Cool to room temperature, wash with deionized water after centrifugation, freeze - dry, carbonize at 760 °C for 20 min under nitrogen protection, cool to room temperature, and pulverize to obtain the high - adsorption activated carbon.

[0095] Use a specific surface area adsorption instrument to measure the N2 adsorption isotherm of the high - adsorption activated carbon obtained in Example 5 and Comparative Example 1 at the liquid nitrogen temperature of - 196 °C, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown.

[0096] By Figure 1 and Figure 2 comparison, it can be found that: The high - adsorption activated carbon obtained in Comparative Example 1 has a certain amount of micropores and mesopores, and its specific surface area is 67.681 m 2 / g. The applicant believes that: This is because in this application, the silica microsphere with a central radial dendritic structure is used as the core, and after carbonization, a carbon shell layer is constructed on its outer layer.

[0097] However, compared with Example 5, after the high - adsorption activated carbon obtained in Example 5 is activated, there are a large number of micropores and mesopores, thus greatly increasing its specific surface area and adsorption capacity. Its specific surface area can reach 1357.426 m 2 / g. The applicant believes that: Based on the high - adsorption activated carbon obtained in Comparative Example 1, the silica microsphere template is removed, thus constructing a super - light hollow microsphere with an internal dendritic hollow structure and a double - layer three - dimensional aerogel network shell layer, further increasing the number of micropores and mesopores.

[0098] The preparation method of the above - mentioned organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts includes the following steps:

[0099] S1. Mix urea, humic acid, potassium nitrate, calcium magnesium nitrate, earthworm manure, ammonium molybdate, magnesium silicate, and vitamin E evenly, and add water and stir evenly to obtain prefabricated material a;

[0100] S2. Add high-adsorption activated carbon and brown sugar into water and stir evenly, then add compound microbial inoculum and stir evenly to obtain prefabricated material b;

[0101] S3. Mix prefabricated material a, prefabricated material b, and polyaspartic acid evenly to obtain an organic compound fertilizer for promoting continuous cropping peanuts to absorb and utilize nitrogen.

[0102] Comparative Example 2

[0103] An organic compound fertilizer for promoting continuous cropping peanuts to absorb and utilize nitrogen, the raw materials of which include: 15 kg of urea, 10 kg of humic acid, 6 kg of potassium nitrate, 6 kg of calcium magnesium nitrate, 7 kg of earthworm manure, 3 kg of ammonium molybdate, 1.5 kg of magnesium silicate, 0.5 kg of vitamin E, 10 kg of high-adsorption activated carbon, 3 kg of brown sugar, 4 kg of compound microbial inoculum, 1.5 kg of polyaspartic acid, and 220 kg of water.

[0104] The compound microbial inoculum is a liquid of Azotobacter mucilaginosus with a viable bacteria content of 1×10 10 cfu / g and a liquid of Paenibacillus polymyxa with a viable bacteria content of 1×10 10 cfu / g.

[0105] The high-adsorption activated carbon is prepared by the following specific operations:

[0106] Add 0.9 kg of triethanolamine into 20 kg of water and stir evenly. While stirring, add 1.5 kg of sodium salicylate and 1.5 kg of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and stir for 50 min. While stirring, add 4 kg of tetraethyl orthosilicate dropwise, and continue stirring for 6.5 h. Adjust the pH value of the system to 11 - 12.8 with a 0.5 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a silica microsphere template;

[0107] Add 4.5 kg of silica microsphere template into 2 kg of cationic polyacrylamide, stir at 45 °C for 1 - 2 h, cool to room temperature, centrifuge, wash with deionized water, freeze-dry, carbonize at 760 °C for 20 min under nitrogen protection, cool to room temperature, crush, soak in a 0.9 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution for 45 h, dry, activate at 920 °C for 20 min under nitrogen protection, cool to room temperature, soak in a 0.9 mol / L hydrogen peroxide solution, ultrasonically vibrate at 45 °C for 7 h, wash with clean water, and dry to obtain high-adsorption activated carbon.

[0108] The preparation method of the above-mentioned organic compound fertilizer for promoting continuous cropping peanuts to absorb and utilize nitrogen includes the following steps:

[0109] S1. Mix urea, humic acid, potassium nitrate, calcium magnesium nitrate, earthworm manure, ammonium molybdate, magnesium silicate, and vitamin E evenly, and add water and stir evenly to obtain prefabricated material a;

[0110] S2. Add high-adsorption activated carbon and brown sugar to water and stir evenly, then add compound microbial inoculum and stir evenly to obtain prefabricated material b;

[0111] S3. Mix prefabricated material a, prefabricated material b, and polyaspartic acid evenly to obtain an organic compound fertilizer that promotes the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts.

[0112] Comparative Example 3

[0113] An organic compound fertilizer that promotes the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts, the raw materials of which include: 15 kg of urea, 10 kg of humic acid, 6 kg of potassium nitrate, 6 kg of calcium magnesium nitrate, 7 kg of earthworm manure, 3 kg of ammonium molybdate, 1.5 kg of magnesium silicate, 0.5 kg of vitamin E, 10 kg of activated carbon, 3 kg of brown sugar, 4 kg of compound microbial inoculum, 1.5 kg of polyaspartic acid, and 220 kg of water.

[0114] The compound microbial inoculum is a liquid of Azotobacter chroococcum with a viable bacteria content of 1×10 10 cfu / g and a liquid of Paenibacillus polymyxa with a viable bacteria content of 1×10 10 cfu / g.

[0115] The preparation method of the above-mentioned organic compound fertilizer that promotes the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts includes the following steps:

[0116] S1. Mix urea, humic acid, potassium nitrate, calcium magnesium nitrate, earthworm manure, ammonium molybdate, magnesium silicate, and vitamin E evenly, and add water and stir evenly to obtain prefabricated material a;

[0117] S2. Add activated carbon and brown sugar to water and stir evenly, then add compound microbial inoculum and stir evenly to obtain prefabricated material b;

[0118] S3. Mix prefabricated material a, prefabricated material b, and polyaspartic acid evenly to obtain an organic compound fertilizer that promotes the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts.

[0119] Conduct nitrate nitrogen adsorption kinetics analysis on the high-adsorption activated carbon obtained in Example 5, Comparative Examples 1-2, and the activated carbon used in Example 3.

[0120] Prepare a stock solution with a concentration of 1000 mg N / L using KNO3 / (NH4)2SO4 and store it in a 4°C refrigerator for later use. At room temperature (25°C), adjust the initial pH of the solution to 2 ± 0.5. Add 0.1 g of each sample to 50 mL of the solution, place it in a constant temperature shaker, and shake at 200 rpm. Measure the NO3 - -N / NH4 + -N content in the remaining filtrate after 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 360, 720, 1080, and 1440 minutes. Calculate the equilibrium adsorption capacity of NO3 - -N / NH4 + -N using the following formula:

[0121] Q t =(C0 - C t )×V÷m

[0122] Q t (mg / g) is the equilibrium adsorption capacity of NO3 - -N / NH4 + -N adsorbed within a given time interval (t); C0 (mg / L) is the initial concentration of NO3 - -N / NH4 + -N in the solution; C t (mg / L) is the concentration of NO3 - -N / NH4 + -N in the solution at time t; V (L) is the volume of the solution used; m (g) is the mass of the sample used.

[0123] The formula for the pseudo-first-order kinetic fitting model is as follows:

[0124]

[0125] where Q t (mg / g) is the amount of NO3 - -N / NH4 + -N adsorbed at time t, Q e (mg / g) is the adsorption capacity of NO3 - -N / NH4 + -N at equilibrium, and k (min -1 ) is the pseudo-first-order rate constant.

[0126] As Figure 3 shown, the adsorption of nitrate nitrogen by the 4 groups of samples reached adsorption equilibrium in about 2 hours, and the high-adsorption activated carbon obtained in Example 5 had the highest adsorption capacity for NO3 --N equilibrium adsorption amount is higher than that of the other groups. The applicant believes that this is because the present application uses silica microspheres with a central emitting dendritic structure as a template, adjusts its surface charge, not only promotes the uniform dispersion of silica microspheres through electrostatic repulsion, but also sequentially combines and assembles positively charged polyacrylamide and negatively charged polyacrylamide on its surface, and after carbonization, removes the silica microsphere template, thereby constructing an ultra-light hollow microsphere with an emitting dendritic hollow structure inside and a double-layer three-dimensional aerogel network as the shell, forming a unique loose and porous structure with an extremely high specific surface area, and increasing the equilibrium adsorption amount by increasing the adsorption sites.

[0127] The field experiment was conducted at the long-term positioning test site of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences (41°82′N, 123°55′E), and the peanut continuous cropping positioning experiment was established in 2015. The test site belongs to the northern temperate humid-semi-humid monsoon climate, with an average annual temperature of 7.0-8.1℃, an accumulated temperature of 3350℃ above 10℃, a frost-free period of 148-180d, an average annual evaporation of 1440mm, and an annual precipitation of 600-800mm, which is mainly concentrated in the growth period from June to September, accounting for more than 80% of the total annual precipitation.

[0128] At the beginning of the experiment, the surface soil organic carbon content was 3.81 g / kg, total nitrogen was 0.62 g / kg, total phosphorus was 0.30 g / kg, alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen was 66.44 mg / kg, available phosphorus was 10.31 mg / kg, and the soil pH was 5.96.

[0129] The experiment adopted a completely randomized block design, with a total of 5 treatments, namely, Example 5, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3 and a blank control group. Each group had 3 replicates, with a plant spacing of 17 cm (300,000 plants / hm2). 2 , two plants per hole), row spacing of 0.5m, 16 plots in total, each plot area of 30m 2 (7.5m long, 4m wide). Example 5, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3 were respectively applied with the organic compound fertilizers obtained in Example 5, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer application rate per hectare was 75kg, which was applied once before peanut sowing without topdressing; and the blank control group was not applied with any fertilizer.

[0130] The peanut variety used for the test was "Bai Sha 1016", which was sown around May 15 and harvested around September 27.

[0131] On the third day after sowing, 1 m 2 (1m row length, 2 ridges) area, observe the number of germinations, and calculate the germination rate and germination index.

[0132] During the podding stage of peanuts, 10 peanut plants with consistent growth were randomly selected from each plot, and root nodule samples were collected. In the monoculture plots, 10 plants were randomly selected, and in the intercropped peanut plots, 10 plants from the inner row were taken. In each plot, the whole peanut plants were dug out to a depth of about 0.5 m with a spade and placed on kraft paper. The soil attached to the roots was gently shaken off, and the visible root nodules on the paper were collected. Then the soil was put back in place. In the laboratory, the peanut plants were rinsed, and the visible root nodules on the roots were picked, counted, and weighed.

[0133] During the mature stage of peanuts, 1 m 2 (1 m row length, 2 ridges) of peanut plants were randomly selected from each plot, separated into grains, stems, leaves, and roots, and placed in mesh bags to dry in the shade until constant weight. Then the dry matter and yield were measured. Among them, the yield of peanuts with a moisture content of 15.5% was calculated after threshing and weighing the grains; the grains, stems, and leaves were crushed, and an elemental analyzer was used to measure the nitrogen content of each organ.

[0134] (1) Germination

[0135] As Figure 4 shown, the germination rate and germination index of the Example 5 group were both the best, indicating that the organic compound fertilizer obtained in this application can effectively improve the seed germination rate of continuous cropping peanuts. The applicant believes that this is because the high adsorption activated carbon and polyaspartic acid in this application form dynamic hydrogen bond binding, which can not only effectively ensure the extremely high stability of the liquid organic compound fertilizer, promote the stable and uniform dispersion of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium elements in it, but also directly act on the surface of peanut seeds in the form of hydrogel, reducing the time required to play a role.

[0136] (1) Root nodules

[0137] Root nodule nitrogenase potential (mL / (h·plant)) = root nodule nitrogenase activity × root nodule fresh weight

[0138] As Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, compared with the blank control group, the Example 5 group and the Comparative Example 1-3 groups all effectively increased the number of root nodules, root nodule nitrogenase activity, and root nodule nitrogenase potential; however, the root nodule fresh weight decreased in the Comparative Example 2 group and the Comparative Example 3 group, and the Example 5 group and the Comparative Example 1 group still increased the root nodule fresh weight. And the number of root nodules, root nodule fresh weight, root nodule nitrogenase activity, and root nodule nitrogenase potential of the Example 5 group were all the best.

[0139] The applicant believes that this is because the nitrogen-fixing Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus azotofixans were selected in this application, and with high adsorption activated carbon as the carrier, combined with earthworm manure, it can not only synergistically act with the original nitrogen-fixing microorganisms to enhance the vitality of the dominant flora, but also significantly improve the nitrogen-fixing ability of the roots and greatly increase the nitrogen-fixing level of the roots.

[0140] (3) Yield

[0141] AsFigure 7 As shown, with the change of the nitrogen fixation ability of each group of roots, the dry matter accumulation per plant and the yield of continuous cropping peanuts in each group also changed. Similarly, the dry matter accumulation per plant and the yield of the peanut plants in Example 5 group were the best.

[0142] The applicant believes that: This is because in this application, urea is compounded with potassium nitrate and calcium magnesium nitrate. In the liquid environment, it can not only fully penetrate into the high adsorption activated carbon structure, but also potassium nitrate and calcium magnesium nitrate can combine with the oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of the high adsorption activated carbon, and the binding strength is high. During the application of the compound fertilizer, urea first provides a nitrogen source for peanut seeds, and the excessive urea is hydrolyzed into liquid ammonia under the action of urease in the soil, and then is converted into nitrate nitrogen by nitrite bacteria and nitrifying bacteria. The nitrate nitrogen will further bind to the surface of the high adsorption activated carbon. On the one hand, it can effectively avoid the occurrence of soil hardening and solidification caused by excessive urea, and on the other hand, it will produce a synergistic effect with potassium nitrate and calcium magnesium nitrate to slow-release the nitrogen in them.

[0143] (4) Nitrogen content

[0144] As Figure 8 shown, the nitrogen content of the stems, leaves and grains in each group was higher than that of the blank control group. The nitrogen content of the stems and leaves in Example 5 group, Comparative Example 1-3 groups was not significantly different from each other, but the nitrogen content of the grains in Example 5 group was significantly better than that of the other groups, indicating that the organic compound fertilizer obtained in this application can effectively promote nitrogen fixation of peanuts, increase the nitrogen content of grains, and the protein content of grains also increases accordingly, improving the quality of peanuts.

[0145] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts, characterized in that, Its raw materials include: urea, humic acid, potassium nitrate, calcium magnesium nitrate, earthworm manure, ammonium molybdate, magnesium silicate, vitamin E, highly adsorbent activated carbon, brown sugar, compound microbial inoculum, polyaspartic acid and water; the mass ratio of urea, humic acid, potassium nitrate, calcium magnesium nitrate, earthworm manure, ammonium molybdate, magnesium silicate, vitamin E, highly adsorbent activated carbon, brown sugar, compound microbial inoculum, polyaspartic acid, water is 10 - 20:5 - 15:2 - 10:2 - 10:4 - 10:1 - 5:1 - 2:0.1 - 1:5 - 15:1 - 5:2 - 6:1 - 2:110 - 320; Among them, the highly adsorbent activated carbon uses silica microspheres with a central radial dendritic structure as a template, assembles cationic polyacrylamide and anionic polyacrylamide on its surface, removes the template after carbonization, and is activated to obtain the highly adsorbent activated carbon; The silica microsphere template is prepared by the following specific steps: Add triethanolamine to water and stir evenly. While stirring, add sodium salicylate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and stir for 40 - 60 min. While stirring, dropwise add tetraethyl orthosilicate, continue stirring for 5 - 8 h, and adjust the pH value of the system to 11 - 12.8 to obtain the silica microsphere template.

2. The organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts according to claim 1, wherein The compound microbial inoculum is Azotobacter chroococcum bacterium solution or / and Paenibacillus polymyxa bacterium solution.

3. The organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts according to claim 2, wherein The viable cell content of the Bacillus mucilaginosus nitrifying bacteria liquid is 0.9 - 1.1×10 10 cfu / g.

4. The organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts according to claim 2, characterized in that, The viable count of the Azotobacter polymyxa bacterial liquid is 0.9 - 1.1×10 10 cfu / g.

5. The organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The highly adsorbent activated carbon is prepared by the following specific operations: Add the silica microsphere template to cationic polyacrylamide, stir at 40 - 50 °C for 1 - 2 h, add anionic polyacrylamide and continue stirring for 1 - 2 h, cool to room temperature, centrifuge, wash, freeze-dry, carbonize at 720 - 800 °C for 10 - 30 min under nitrogen protection, cool to room temperature, crush, soak in a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 0.5 - 1.2 mol / L for 30 - 60 h, dry, activate at 900 - 940 °C for 10 - 30 min under nitrogen protection, cool to room temperature, soak in hydrogen peroxide, perform ultrasonic vibration at 40 - 50 °C for 5 - 10 h, wash, and dry to obtain the highly adsorbent activated carbon.

6. The organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts according to claim 5, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the silica microsphere template, cationic polyacrylamide, and anionic polyacrylamide is 3 - 6:1 - 3:0.1 - 1.

7. The organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts according to claim 1, wherein The mass ratio of triethanolamine, sodium salicylate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and tetraethyl orthosilicate is 0.5 - 1.2:1 - 2:1 - 2:2 - 6.

8. A preparation method of an organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Mix urea, humic acid, potassium nitrate, calcium magnesium nitrate, earthworm manure, ammonium molybdate, magnesium silicate, and vitamin E evenly, add water and stir evenly to obtain prefabricated material a; S2. Mix the highly adsorbent activated carbon and brown sugar in water and stir evenly, add the compound microbial inoculum and stir evenly to obtain prefabricated material b; S3. Mix prefabricated material a, prefabricated material b, and polyaspartic acid evenly to obtain an organic compound fertilizer for promoting the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by continuous cropping peanuts.

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