Ventilation system for multi-connection caverns of special long tunnel

Abstract

The application relates to a ventilation system for a special long tunnel multi-connection chamber, which comprises a tunnel body, a plurality of connection chambers arranged in the tunnel body, a ventilation pilot tunnel arranged in the tunnel body in parallel, a fan room fixedly arranged in the tunnel body, the fan room being communicated with the ventilation pilot tunnel, a plurality of air supply pipelines communicated with the ventilation pilot tunnel, the air supply pipelines corresponding to the connection chambers one by one, air inlets arranged in each connection chamber, the air supply pipelines being communicated with the air inlets of the corresponding connection chambers respectively, a blower arranged in the fan room for supplying air into the ventilation pilot tunnel, an air exhaust pipeline fixedly arranged in the tunnel body, a plurality of air exhaust outlets arranged on the air exhaust pipeline, the air exhaust outlets being arranged along the length direction of the air exhaust pipeline, and an air extractor arranged at each air exhaust outlet. The application has the effect of improving the ventilation effect in the connection chamber of the special long low-gas tunnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of tunnel ventilation, and in particular to a ventilation system for multiple connecting chambers in an extra-long tunnel. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnels are engineering structures buried underground, representing a form of human utilization of underground and mountainous spaces. Methane gas is a collective term for various harmful gases, primarily methane, that emerge from underground strata within tunnels. Its composition is complex, containing methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, varying amounts of heavy hydrocarbons, and trace amounts of rare gases. However, its main component is methane (CH4), commonly known as marsh gas, accounting for 80% to 90%. Under standard conditions, it is lighter than air, making it prone to accumulating within tunnels. It also has high permeability and rapid diffusion. When methane gas mixes with air to a certain concentration, it is easily ignited or explodes upon contact with a source of ignition. While methane gas itself is non-toxic, ethane and propane within it have anesthetic properties, potentially causing dizziness, headaches, or even coma. Excessively high methane gas concentrations can reduce the oxygen content in the air, leading to suffocation.

[0003] Currently, the common method for tunnel ventilation is to install ventilation ducts in the tunnel and blow out the gas through fans. When the tunnel is long, that is, when the overall length of the tunnel exceeds 3 kilometers, multiple connecting chambers are usually set up in the tunnel. A large amount of gas tends to accumulate in the connecting chambers, and it is difficult to effectively remove the gas in the connecting chambers at deeper parts of the tunnel through ventilation ducts. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To improve the ventilation effect in the connecting chambers of extra-long low-gas tunnels, this application provides a ventilation system for multiple connecting chambers in extra-long tunnels.

[0005] This application provides a ventilation system for multiple interconnected chambers in an extra-long tunnel, employing the following technical solution:

[0006] A ventilation system for a long tunnel with multiple connecting chambers includes a tunnel body and multiple connecting chambers disposed within the tunnel body, as well as ventilation guide tunnels arranged parallel to the tunnel body. A fan room is fixedly disposed within the tunnel body and is connected to the ventilation guide tunnel. The ventilation guide tunnel is connected to multiple air supply ducts, each corresponding to one of the connecting chambers. Each connecting chamber is provided with an air inlet, and each air supply duct is connected to the air inlet of its corresponding connecting chamber. A blower for supplying air into the ventilation guide tunnel is disposed within the fan room. An exhaust duct is fixedly disposed within the tunnel body and has multiple exhaust ports arranged along the length of the exhaust duct, with an exhaust fan installed at each exhaust port.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, air is supplied to the ventilation tunnel by blowers. The air in the ventilation tunnel enters the connecting tunnel chambers through various air supply pipes, thereby blowing the methane gas in the connecting tunnel chambers out of the connecting tunnel chambers and into the tunnel body. Then, the exhaust fans at each exhaust port on the exhaust pipe draw the methane-containing gas into the exhaust pipe and discharge the methane gas from the tunnel body through the exhaust pipe, effectively improving the ventilation effect in the connecting tunnel chambers of extra-long low-methane tunnels.

[0008] Optionally, the air inlet is located near the top of the connecting chamber, and the exhaust duct is located near the top of the tunnel body.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, since gas is lighter than air under standard conditions, when gas accumulates in the connecting chamber or tunnel body, it is mostly located at the top of the connecting chamber or tunnel body. By setting the air inlet near the top of the connecting chamber, it is easy to blow the gas out of the connecting chamber. By setting the exhaust pipe near the top of the tunnel body, it is easy to extract the gas from the tunnel body.

[0010] Optionally, a wind speed sensor is also installed inside the tunnel body. The wind speed sensor is used to detect the wind speed inside the tunnel body and output a wind speed signal. The blower is electrically connected to a controller. The wind speed sensor is electrically connected to the controller. The controller adjusts the airflow level of the blower based on the wind speed signal output by the wind speed sensor.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, since the outside wind will also form a certain airflow after entering the tunnel body, the wind speed sensor detects the wind speed inside the tunnel body, and the controller adjusts the air supply level of the blower according to the wind speed inside the tunnel body, thereby ensuring that the ventilation effect is achieved while saving power costs.

[0012] Optionally, each of the connecting caverns has multiple blades rotatably installed at its air inlet, each blade being used to adjust the opening size of the air inlet, and the connecting cavern is equipped with a drive assembly for driving the multiple blades to rotate.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the gas concentration in each connecting tunnel chamber varies to a certain extent. According to the gas concentration in different connecting tunnel chambers, the staff can drive the blades to rotate through the drive components to adjust the opening size of the air inlet of each connecting tunnel chamber, so that the airflow in the ventilation tunnel can be effectively utilized.

[0014] Optionally, the drive assembly includes a transmission wheel, a motor, and a transmission rod. Each blade has a transmission wheel coaxially fixedly mounted on its rotation shaft. The motor is fixedly mounted in the connecting tunnel chamber, and the output shaft of the motor is coaxially fixedly connected to one of the transmission wheels. The transmission rod is hinged to multiple transmission wheels, and the connection end between the transmission rod and the transmission wheel is eccentrically mounted on the transmission wheel.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the electric motor drives the transmission wheel to rotate, and the transmission rod drives each transmission wheel to rotate together, thereby driving each blade to rotate together and adjusting the opening size of the air inlet.

[0016] Optionally, a methane sensor is installed at the entrance of each of the connecting caverns. The methane sensor is used to detect the methane concentration and output a methane concentration signal. The motor and methane sensor at each of the connecting caverns are electrically connected to a controller. The controller controls the start and stop of the motor corresponding to each methane sensor based on the methane concentration signal output by each methane sensor, and adjusts the opening size of the air inlet.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, a methane sensor is installed at the entrance of each connecting cavern. The methane sensor detects the concentration of methane in the gas blown out of the connecting cavern and adjusts the opening size of the air inlet in each connecting cavern according to the methane concentration in different connecting caverns, thus eliminating the need for manual adjustment and increasing practicality.

[0018] Optionally, each of the exhaust vents corresponds to a connecting cavern, and the exhaust fan at each exhaust vent is electrically connected to the controller. The controller controls the start and stop of the exhaust fan at the exhaust vent corresponding to each methane sensor based on the methane concentration signal output by each methane sensor.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, when the methane sensor detects that the methane concentration in the surrounding air is lower than a certain value, the controller will stop the exhaust fan at the corresponding exhaust vent of the connecting cavern, thereby further saving electricity costs.

[0020] Optionally, each of the exhaust vents is equipped with a solenoid valve for closing the exhaust vent. Each solenoid valve is electrically connected to a controller, which controls the opening and closing of the solenoid valve at the exhaust vent corresponding to each methane sensor based on the methane concentration signal output by each methane sensor.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, when the exhaust fan at a certain exhaust port stops operating, the solenoid valve at that exhaust port is controlled by the controller to close the exhaust port, thereby preventing the gas in the exhaust duct from flowing out of the exhaust port and re-entering the tunnel body.

[0022] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0023] 1. Air is supplied to the ventilation tunnel by blowers. The air in the ventilation tunnel enters the connecting tunnels through the air supply pipes, thereby blowing the methane gas in the connecting tunnels out of the connecting tunnels and into the tunnel body. Then, the exhaust fans at the exhaust ports on the exhaust pipes draw the methane gas into the exhaust pipes and discharge the methane gas from the tunnel body through the exhaust pipes, effectively improving the ventilation effect in the connecting tunnels of extra-long low-methane tunnels.

[0024] 2. Since the outside wind will also form a certain airflow after entering the tunnel body, the wind speed sensor detects the wind speed inside the tunnel body, and the controller adjusts the air supply level of the blower according to the wind speed inside the tunnel body, so as to save power costs while achieving the ventilation effect.

[0025] 3. When the methane sensor detects that the methane concentration in the surrounding air is below a certain value, the controller will stop the exhaust fan at the corresponding exhaust vent of the connecting cavern, thereby further saving electricity costs. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a structural cross-sectional view of an embodiment of this application, mainly used to illustrate the structural schematic diagram of the fan room;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a structural cross-sectional view of an embodiment of this application, mainly used to illustrate the structural schematic diagram of the connecting cavern;

[0029] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Enlarged view of section A;

[0030] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 Enlarged view of section B;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a circuit block diagram of an embodiment of this application.

[0032] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Tunnel body; 11. Connecting chamber; 111. Air inlet; 112. Blade; 113. Drive wheel; 114. Electric motor; 115. Drive rod; 12. Fan room; 13. Blower; 131. Air inlet pipe; 14. Wind speed sensor; 15. Methane sensor; 2. Ventilation tunnel; 21. Air supply pipe; 3. Exhaust pipe; 31. Exhaust outlet; 32. Exhaust fan; 33. Solenoid valve; 4. Controller. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-6This application will be described in further detail.

[0034] This application discloses a ventilation system for multiple connecting chambers in an extra-long tunnel. In this application, an extra-long tunnel is defined as a tunnel with an overall length exceeding 3000 meters.

[0035] Reference Figure 1 The tunnel includes a tunnel body 1 and ventilation tunnels 2 arranged parallel to the tunnel body 1. Multiple connecting chambers 11 are provided on both sides of the tunnel body 1. The connecting chambers 11 on the same side are arranged along the length of the tunnel body 1, and the interval between two adjacent connecting chambers 11 on the same side is between 100 and 200 meters. Two ventilation tunnels 2 are provided, each ventilation tunnel 2 corresponding to each connecting chamber 11 on one side of the tunnel body 1. Two exhaust pipes 3 are also fixedly installed in the tunnel body 1. Both exhaust pipes 3 are close to the top of the tunnel body 1, and the length of the exhaust pipes 3 is parallel to the extension direction of the tunnel body 1. Each exhaust pipe 3 corresponds to each connecting chamber 11 on one side of the tunnel body 1.

[0036] Reference Figure 1 , 2 Two fan rooms 12 are installed inside the tunnel body 1. The fan rooms 12 are located underground and correspond one-to-one with the ventilation guide tunnels 2. The fan rooms 12 are connected to the corresponding ventilation guide tunnels 2. A blower 13 is installed inside the fan room 12. The air inlet end of the blower 13 is connected to the air inlet pipe 131. The air inlet pipe 131 passes through the ventilation guide tunnel 2 and extends to the outside of the tunnel body 1. The air outlet end of the blower 13 is connected to the ventilation guide tunnel 2.

[0037] Reference Figure 3 , 4 The ventilation tunnel 2 is connected to multiple air supply pipes 21, and each air supply pipe 21 corresponds to a connecting chamber 11. Each connecting chamber 11 is provided with an air inlet 111, which is located near the top of the connecting chamber 11. Each air supply pipe 21 is connected to the air inlet 111 of its corresponding connecting chamber 11.

[0038] Reference Figure 4Each connecting chamber 11 has multiple blades 112 rotatably mounted at its air inlet 111, and the rotation axes of the blades 112 located at the same air inlet 111 are parallel. A drive assembly for driving the multiple blades 112 to rotate is provided inside the connecting chamber 11. The drive assembly includes a transmission wheel 113, a motor 114, and a transmission rod 115. A transmission wheel 113 is coaxially fixedly mounted on the rotation axis of each blade 112. The motor 114 is fixedly mounted inside the connecting chamber 11. The output shaft of the motor 114 is coaxially fixedly connected to one of the transmission wheels 113. The length direction of the transmission rod 115 is perpendicular to the rotation axis of each blade 112, and the transmission rod 115 is hinged to the multiple transmission wheels 113. The connection end of the transmission rod 115 and the transmission wheel 113 is eccentrically mounted on the transmission wheel 113.

[0039] Reference Figure 3 , 5 The ventilation duct 3 has multiple exhaust ports 31, which are arranged along the length of the ventilation duct 3 and correspond one-to-one with the connecting cavern 11. Each exhaust port 31 is equipped with an exhaust fan 32. Air is supplied to the ventilation tunnel 2 by the blower 13. The air in the ventilation tunnel 2 enters the connecting cavern 11 through each air supply duct 21, thereby blowing the gas in the connecting cavern 11 out of the connecting cavern 11 and into the tunnel body 1. Then, the exhaust fan 32 at each exhaust port 31 on the ventilation duct 3 draws the gas containing gas into the ventilation duct 3 and discharges the gas from the tunnel body 1 through the ventilation duct 3.

[0040] Reference Figure 3 , 6 Multiple wind speed sensors 14 are installed inside the tunnel body 1, and the wind speed sensors 14 are arranged at equal intervals along the length of the tunnel body 1. The wind speed sensors 14 are used to detect the wind speed inside the tunnel body 1 and output wind speed signals. The blower 13 is electrically connected to the controller 4. The blower 13 is equipped with multiple air supply levels, and the controller 4 is used to adjust the air supply level of the blower 13. Each wind speed sensor 14 is electrically connected to the controller 4. Since the outside wind will also form a certain airflow after entering the tunnel body 1, the wind speed at different locations inside the tunnel body 1 is monitored in real time by the wind speed sensors 14 at various locations and the wind speed signals are output to the controller 4. The controller 4 compares the wind speed signals output by each wind speed sensor 14 with preset values ​​and adjusts the air supply level of the blower 13 according to the wind speed signals, so as to save power costs while achieving ventilation effect. When the wind speed inside the tunnel body 1 changes, the wind speed detected by the wind speed sensors 14 at various locations inside the tunnel body 1 increases or decreases together.

[0041] Reference Figure 5 , 6Each connecting cavern 11 has a methane sensor 15 installed at its entrance. The methane sensor 15 is used to detect the methane concentration and output a methane concentration signal. The methane sensor 15 and the motor 114 at each connecting cavern 11 are electrically connected to the controller 4. The main component of the gas is methane (CH4), accounting for 80% to 90%, and the methane concentration in each connecting cavern 11 varies. Therefore, a methane sensor 15 is installed at the entrance of each connecting cavern 11. The concentration of methane in the gas blown out of each connecting chamber 11 is detected, and a methane concentration signal is output to the controller 4. The controller 4 controls the start and stop of the motor 114 in the corresponding connecting chamber 11 based on the methane concentration signal output by each methane sensor 15. The motor 114 drives the transmission wheel 113 to rotate, and through the transmission rod 115, it drives each transmission wheel 113 to rotate together, so that each blade 112 rotates together, thereby adjusting the opening size of the air inlet 111, so that the airflow in the ventilation tunnel 2 can be effectively utilized.

[0042] Reference Figure 5 , 6 Each exhaust port 31 on the exhaust duct 3 is equipped with a solenoid valve 33, which is used to close the exhaust port 31. The exhaust fan 32 and the solenoid valve 33 at each exhaust port 31 are electrically connected to the controller 4. Since the methane sensor 15 is located at the entrance of the connecting cavern 11, the methane sensor 15 can detect the concentration of methane in the gas blown out of the connecting cavern 11, and can also detect the methane in the gas in the tunnel body 1 within a certain range. When the methane sensor 15 detects that the concentration of methane in the surrounding air is lower than a certain value, the methane sensor 15 outputs a methane concentration signal to the controller 4. The controller 4 controls the exhaust fan 32 at the exhaust port 31 corresponding to the methane sensor 15 to stop working, and controls the solenoid valve 33 to close the exhaust port 31 at the position where the exhaust fan 32 stops working, thereby further saving power costs. Furthermore, by closing the exhaust port 31 through the solenoid valve 33, the methane gas in the exhaust duct 3 is prevented from flowing out from the exhaust port 31 and re-entering the tunnel body 1.

[0043] The implementation principle of a ventilation system for multiple connecting chambers in an extra-long tunnel according to an embodiment of this application is as follows: air is supplied to the ventilation guide tunnel 2 by blower 13, and the air in the ventilation guide tunnel 2 enters each connecting chamber 11 through each air supply pipe 21, thereby blowing the gas in each connecting chamber 11 out of the connecting chamber 11 and into the tunnel body 1. Then, the exhaust fan 32 at each exhaust port 31 on the exhaust pipe 3 draws the gas containing gas into the exhaust pipe 3, and the gas is discharged from the tunnel body 1 through the exhaust pipe 3, which effectively improves the ventilation effect in the connecting chambers 11 in the extra-long low-gas tunnel.

[0044] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A ventilation system for multiple connecting chambers in an extra-long tunnel, comprising a tunnel body (1) and multiple connecting chambers (11) disposed within the tunnel body (1), characterized in that: It also includes a ventilation tunnel (2) arranged parallel to the tunnel body (1). A fan room (12) is fixedly installed in the tunnel body (1). The fan room (12) is connected to the ventilation tunnel (2). The ventilation tunnel (2) is connected to multiple air supply pipes (21). Each air supply pipe (21) corresponds to a connecting chamber (11). Each connecting chamber (11) is provided with an air inlet (111). The air supply pipes (21) are respectively connected to the air inlets (111) of their respective connecting chambers (11). A blower (13) for supplying air to the ventilation tunnel (2) is installed in the fan room (12). An exhaust pipe (3) is fixedly installed in the tunnel body (1). Multiple exhaust ports (31) are opened on the exhaust pipe (3). Each exhaust port (31) The ventilation duct (3) is arranged along its length, and each of the ventilation outlets (31) is equipped with an exhaust fan (32); the air inlet (111) is close to the top of the connecting chamber (11), the ventilation duct (3) is close to the top of the tunnel body (1), and the ventilation outlet (31) corresponds to the connecting chamber (11) one by one.

2. The ventilation system for multiple connecting chambers in an extra-long tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: A wind speed sensor (14) is also installed inside the tunnel body (1). The wind speed sensor (14) is used to detect the wind speed inside the tunnel body (1) and output a wind speed signal. The blower (13) is electrically connected to a controller (4). The wind speed sensor (14) is electrically connected to the controller (4). The controller (4) adjusts the air supply level of the blower (13) based on the wind speed signal output by the wind speed sensor (14).

3. A ventilation system for multiple connecting chambers in an extra-long tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each of the connecting chambers (11) has multiple blades (112) rotatably installed at its air inlet (111). Each blade (112) is used to adjust the opening size of the air inlet (111). The connecting chamber (11) is provided with a drive assembly for driving the multiple blades (112) to rotate.

4. A ventilation system for multiple connecting chambers in an extra-long tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The drive assembly includes a transmission wheel (113), a motor (114), and a transmission rod (115). The transmission wheel (113) is coaxially fixed on the rotation shaft of each blade (112). The motor (114) is fixedly installed in the connecting cavern (11), and the output shaft of the motor (114) is coaxially fixedly connected to one of the transmission wheels (113). The transmission rod (115) is hinged to multiple transmission wheels (113), and the connection end of the transmission rod (115) and the transmission wheel (113) is eccentrically set on the transmission wheel (113).

5. A ventilation system for multiple connecting chambers in an extra-long tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each of the connecting caverns (11) is equipped with a methane sensor (15) at its entrance. The methane sensor (15) is used to detect the methane concentration and output a methane concentration signal. The motor (114) and the methane sensor (15) at each of the connecting caverns (11) are electrically connected to the controller (4). The controller (4) controls the start and stop of the motor (114) corresponding to each methane sensor (15) based on the methane concentration signal output by each methane sensor (15), and adjusts the opening size of the air inlet (111).

6. A ventilation system for multiple connecting chambers in an extra-long tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that: Each exhaust fan (32) at each of the exhaust vents (31) is electrically connected to the controller (4). The controller (4) controls the start and stop of the exhaust fan (32) at the exhaust vent (31) corresponding to each methane sensor (15) based on the methane concentration signal output by each methane sensor (15).

7. A ventilation system for multiple connecting chambers in an extra-long tunnel according to claim 6, characterized in that: Each of the exhaust vents (31) is provided with a solenoid valve (33) for closing the exhaust vent (31). Each solenoid valve (33) is electrically connected to a controller (4). The controller (4) controls the opening and closing of the solenoid valve (33) at the exhaust vent (31) corresponding to each methane sensor (15) based on the methane concentration signal output by each methane sensor (15).

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