A salmon farming marine ranch construction device, method and application

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture and marine resource development, and discloses a salmon farming marine ranch construction device, method and application. The device includes an upwelling structure, and the upwelling structure is constructed on the seabed through the temperature difference between the upstream bottom water flow and the upstream upper water flow. The upwelling structure is used to guide the upstream bottom water flow and the upstream upper water flow to mix in the water flow mixing zone, and the marine ranch for salmon farming is carried out downstream of the upwelling structure. The present invention can be used to breed high-quality cold-water fish in open seas, promote the development of deep-sea aquaculture, and meet the growing demand for high-quality aquatic products. The marine ranch formed by the artificial upwelling can breed steelhead trout all year round, and the large-sized fish species released can grow into commercial fish with an individual weight of more than 4 kg in about 15 months, and a production mode of rotational capture and release can be implemented according to market demand.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture and marine resource development, and in particular relates to a salmon farming marine ranch construction device, method and application. Background Art

[0002] Salmon is a cold-water fish, and the water temperature suitable for its growth is 10-20℃, and the optimal growth temperature is 15-18℃. Because of its pink flesh, high elasticity, rich in unsaturated fatty acids, and unique flavor, it is favored by consumers. At present, most salmon are farmed in inland freshwater bodies, but people prefer marine farmed salmon products. Since the 1970s, many places along the northern coast have tried to farm salmon, but all have failed. The main reason for the failure is that the upper water temperature in the sea area in summer is higher than 23℃, and the farmed salmon cannot survive the summer.

[0003] Many places along the northern coast have tried to farm salmon in wind-resistant cages in late autumn and early summer when the upper water temperature is below 18°C. In the deep winter in the northern sea, the upper water temperature is too low, and farmed salmon will hardly grow. In some years, farmed salmon will be frostbitten or freeze to death. Practice has shown that this method of farming is costly and the size of the fish is small. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a technology that can farm salmon year-round in open waters.

[0004] The existing technology uses fully submersible truss cages to successfully farm salmon in a cold water mass area of ​​a certain sea 120 nautical miles away from land. However, fully submersible truss cages are expensive to build and complicated to operate. The cost of farming salmon in a cold water mass area of ​​a certain sea far from land and with high sea conditions is also high. There is an urgent need for a low-cost technology for farming salmon in open waters all year round. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the problems existing in the related art, the disclosed embodiments of the present invention provide a salmon farming marine ranch construction device, method and application.

[0006] The technical solution is as follows: the salmon farming marine ranch construction device includes an upwelling structure, and the upwelling structure is constructed on the seabed through the temperature difference between the upstream bottom water flow and the upstream upper water flow. The upwelling structure is used to guide the upstream bottom water flow and the upstream upper water flow to mix in the water flow mixing zone, and a salmon farming marine ranch is carried out downstream of the upwelling structure.

[0007] Furthermore, the upwelling structure is a cement structure located on the seabed.

[0008] Furthermore, the height of the cement component is determined based on the difference between the flow velocity and temperature of the upper water flow upstream of the ocean ranch and the flow velocity and temperature of the lower water flow upstream.

[0009] Furthermore, the upwelling structure is a guide baffle fixed to the seabed and composed of a slideway plug pile and at least two multiple plug plates;

[0010] The bottom plug plate of the plurality of plug plates comprises a front honeycomb guide baffle and a rear honeycomb guide baffle, the front honeycomb guide baffle and the rear honeycomb guide baffle are installed between adjacent slideway plug piles, and the front honeycomb guide baffle is installed in front of the rear honeycomb guide baffle.

[0011] Furthermore, the front honeycomb guide baffle and the rear honeycomb guide baffle are both provided with a plurality of air holes for water permeability. When the air holes of the front honeycomb guide baffle and the air holes of the rear honeycomb guide baffle are misaligned up and down, a closed structure of the guide baffle is formed, and the water permeability of the bottom plug plate is zero.

[0012] When the rear honeycomb guide baffle is lifted, the air holes of the front honeycomb guide baffle overlap with the air holes of the rear honeycomb guide baffle to form an air-permeable flow regulating structure.

[0013] Furthermore, the height of the guide baffle is determined based on the difference between the flow velocity and temperature of the upper water flow upstream of the ocean ranch and the flow velocity and temperature of the lower water flow upstream; the height of the guide baffle is lowered when more upper water flow upstream is needed.

[0014] Furthermore, the water permeability of the air holes of the front honeycomb guide baffle and the rear honeycomb guide baffle at the bottom of the guide baffle is adjusted according to the water temperature requirements of the ocean ranch. When more upstream upper water flow is needed, the water permeability of the air holes is increased, and when more upstream bottom water flow is needed, the water permeability of the air holes can be reduced.

[0015] Furthermore, the salmon farming marine ranch construction device also includes: a high-density polyethylene frame salmon farming cage or a wind and wave resistant cage located downstream of the water flow mixing zone;

[0016] When the water flow velocity in the pasture is continuously greater than 0.5m / s, a flow reduction structure is added on the water-facing side of the salmon farming cage.

[0017] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a salmon farming marine ranch, which is implemented by the salmon farming marine ranch construction device, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0018] (1) In summer when the water temperature of the upper layer of water upstream of the guide baffle is high, a closed structure of the guide baffle is adopted. The guide baffle can guide the bottom water below 10°C upstream of the guide baffle to form an upwelling flow, and mix with the upper water above 20°C upstream, so as to form a marine ranch with an upper water temperature of 10 to 20°C for salmon farming downstream of the guide baffle; the growth temperature of salmon is 15 to 18°C. When the surface water temperature upstream of the guide baffle is higher than 18°C ​​and the bottom water temperature is lower than 18°C, the rear honeycomb guide baffle at the bottom is lowered, so that the air holes of the front honeycomb guide baffle and the rear honeycomb guide baffle are staggered up and down, so as to reduce the water permeability of the air holes;

[0019] (2) In autumn and spring when the water temperature of the upper layer of water upstream of the guide baffle is suitable for salmon growth, the water temperature downstream of the guide baffle can be made more suitable for salmon growth by increasing the water permeability of the air holes of the front honeycomb guide baffle and the rear honeycomb guide baffle at the bottom of the guide baffle, or decreasing the water permeability of the air holes of the front honeycomb guide baffle and the rear honeycomb guide baffle;

[0020] (3) In the late winter when the water temperature of the upper layer upstream of the baffle is very low, a lowered honeycomb baffle is used to form a closed structure of the baffle, which guides the upwelling of 4°C or above at the bottom of the sea area to mix with the upper layer of water upstream with a temperature below 4°C, thus forming a marine ranch downstream of the baffle that can ensure the safe wintering and even growth of salmon.

[0021] Another object of the present invention is to provide an application in salmonid farming, which is achieved through the salmonid farming marine ranch construction device.

[0022] Combining all the above technical solutions, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention can be used to breed high-quality cold-water fish in open seas, promote the development of deep-sea aquaculture, and meet the growing demand for high-quality aquatic products. The marine ranch formed by artificial upwelling can breed steelhead trout all year round, and the large-sized fish species released can grow into commercial fish weighing more than 4 kg in about 15 months. A production model of rotating catch and release is implemented according to market demand. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The accompanying drawings herein are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure, and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure;

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a salmon farming marine ranch construction device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a front honeycomb guide baffle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3is a schematic diagram of a rear honeycomb guide baffle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a closed state of a double-layer honeycomb guide baffle including a front honeycomb guide baffle and a rear honeycomb guide baffle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a hollow structure of a rear guide baffle lifting rear guide structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] In the figure: 1. Seabed; 2. Piles with slideway; 3. Bottom water flow upstream; 4. Upper water flow upstream; 5. Water flow mixing zone; 6. Salmon farming cages; 7. Closed structure of diversion baffle; 8. Open structure of diversion structure; 9. Open flow regulating structure; 10. Front bee-shaped diversion baffle; 11. Rear bee-shaped diversion baffle; 12. Open hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention, so the present invention is not limited by the specific implementation disclosed below.

[0031] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for constructing a salmon farming marine ranch, which can be used to farm salmon in large scale in open sea areas at low cost all year round. The application of this technology promotes the development of deep-sea farming and meets the growing demand for high-quality marine farmed salmon products.

[0032] Embodiment 1, as Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, the salmon farming marine ranch construction device provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0033] An upwelling structure is constructed on the seabed 1 in a sea area where the water temperature difference between the upstream bottom water current 3 and the upstream upper water current 4 is large;

[0034] guiding the upstream bottom water flow 3 and the upstream upper water flow 4 to mix in the water flow mixing zone 5;

[0035] A marine ranch is formed downstream of the upwelling structure where salmon farming can be carried out year-round.

[0036] In the embodiment of the present invention, the structure of the upwelling is a cement component located on the seabed 1, or a guide baffle composed of a slideway plug 2 and at least two multiple plugs fixed to the seabed 1; the bottom plug of the multiple plugs includes a front honeycomb guide baffle 10 and a rear honeycomb guide baffle 11; the front honeycomb guide baffle 10 and the rear honeycomb guide baffle 11 are installed between adjacent slideway plugs 2; the front honeycomb guide baffle 10 is installed in front of the rear honeycomb guide baffle 11; the front honeycomb guide baffle 10 and the rear honeycomb guide baffle 11 are both provided with a plurality of hollow holes 12 for water permeation; when the hollow holes 12 of the front honeycomb guide baffle 10 and the rear honeycomb guide baffle 11 are displaced up and down, a closed structure 7 of the guide baffle is formed; at this time, the upstream bottom water flow 3 and the upstream upper water flow 4 are mixed in the water flow mixing zone 5;

[0037] When the rear honeycomb guide baffle 11 is lifted, the air holes 12 of the rear honeycomb guide baffle 11 overlap with the air holes 12 of the front honeycomb guide baffle 10, forming a guide structure air-shaped structure 8 (with adjustable air permeability), causing part of the upstream bottom water flow 3 to directly pass through the bottom plug plate, thereby weakening the upward flow, and then reducing the influence of the upstream bottom water flow 3 on the water temperature of the water flow mixing zone 5.

[0038] These upwelling structures can guide the upstream bottom water flow 3 to mix with the upstream upper water flow 4, forming a water temperature environment suitable for salmon farming downstream of the upwelling structures.

[0039] In an embodiment of the present invention, the height of the cement component can be determined based on the difference in water flow velocity and temperature of the upper water flow 4 upstream of the ocean ranch and the water flow velocity and temperature of the upstream bottom water flow 3; when more upstream upper water flow 4 is needed, the height of the cement component can be lowered, otherwise, its height can be increased.

[0040] In an embodiment of the present invention, the height of the guide baffle can be determined based on the difference in water flow velocity and temperature between the upper water flow 4 upstream of the ocean ranch and the water flow velocity and temperature between the lower water flow 3 upstream; when more upper water flow 4 is needed, the height of the guide baffle can be lowered, otherwise, its height can be increased.

[0041] In an embodiment of the present invention, the water permeability of the air holes 12 of the front honeycomb guide baffle 10 and the rear honeycomb guide baffle 11 at the bottom of the guide baffle can be adjusted according to the water temperature requirements of the ocean ranch. When more upstream upper water flow 4 is needed, the water permeability of the air holes 12 can be increased, and when more upstream bottom water flow 3 is needed, the water permeability of the bottom plug plate can be reduced.

[0042] In an embodiment of the present invention, a method for regulating the flow of the upstream bottom water flow 3 and the upstream upper water flow 4 in the water flow mixing zone 5, that is, a method for constructing a salmon farming marine ranch, includes:

[0043] (1) In summer when the water temperature of the upper layer water flow 4 upstream of the guide baffle is relatively high, the guide baffle closed structure 7 is adopted, and the guide baffle can guide the upstream bottom layer water flow 3 below 10°C to rise and mix with the upstream upper layer water flow 4 above 20°C, so as to form a marine ranch with an upper layer water temperature of 10-20°C for salmon farming downstream of the guide baffle; the optimal growth temperature of salmon is 15-18°C. When the water temperature downstream of the guide baffle is higher than 18°C ​​and the water temperature of the bottom layer water flow 3 upstream of the guide baffle is lower than 18°C, the water permeability of the air holes 12 of the front honeycomb guide baffle 10 and the rear honeycomb guide baffle 11 can be reduced to increase the influence of the bottom layer water flow 3 on the water temperature downstream of the guide baffle;

[0044] (2) In autumn and spring when the water temperature of the upper water flow 4 upstream of the guide baffle is suitable for salmon growth, the water permeability of the bottom plug plate can be increased by raising the rear honeycomb guide baffle 11 at the bottom of the guide baffle, or the water permeability of the bottom plug plate can be reduced by lowering the rear honeycomb guide baffle 11 at the bottom of the guide baffle, so as to create a water temperature downstream of the guide baffle that is more suitable for salmon growth;

[0045] (3) In the deep winter when the water temperature of the upstream upper water flow 4 on the surface layer upstream of the guide baffle is very low, the hollow structure 8 of the guide structure formed by lowering the rear honeycomb guide baffle can guide the bottom water flow 3 at 4°C or above to rise and mix with the upstream upper water flow 4 at a temperature below 4°C, thereby forming a marine ranch downstream of the guide baffle that can ensure the safe wintering and even growth of salmon; when more upstream bottom water flow 3 is needed, the rear honeycomb guide baffle can be raised to form a hollow flow regulating structure 9.

[0046] In salmon farming in the embodiment of the present invention, high-density polyethylene frame salmon farming cages 6 or other types of wind and wave resistant cages are used to carry out salmon farming in the marine ranch area all year round; when the water flow speed in the ranch is continuously greater than 0.5m / s, a flow reduction structure should be added to the water-facing side of the salmon farming cages 6 to reduce the energy consumption of farmed fish for top-current movement.

[0047] The device of the present invention can be applied to salmon farming, or the farming of all species of salmonid fish and their hybrids, triploids, all-females and transgenic individuals.

[0048] The above examples show that:

[0049] (1) Economic and social benefits of the technical solution of the present invention: A 5 km long diversion baffle is built in a coastal area of ​​a certain place, which can form a more than 10 km long diversion baffle downstream. 2 If 1% of the marine ranch area is used for fish farming, the annual output can reach 30,000 tons, and the annual aquaculture output value exceeds 900 million yuan. If 5% of the marine ranch area is used for fish farming, the annual output can reach 150,000 tons, and the annual aquaculture output value exceeds 4.5 billion yuan.

[0050] Aquaculture products also require subsequent product processing, cold chain logistics, sales, etc., and aquaculture production and other links will also drive local employment, etc. Therefore, the economic and social benefits of this invention are extremely significant.

[0051] (2) The advancement of the technical solution of the present invention: Salmon, which is favored by consumers, is a cold-water fish, and the water temperature suitable for its growth is 10-20°C. Salmon is usually farmed in the waters of high-latitude countries or inland freshwater bodies at low latitudes and high altitudes. The existing technology has tried to farm salmon in many northern seas, but all failed because the upper water temperature in the sea was too high in summer and the farmed fish could not survive the summer. In the past few years, although people used fully submerged truss cages to successfully cultivate salmon in a cold water mass area 120 nautical miles away from the land, the equipment of this farming model is expensive to build, the operation is complicated, and the farming cost is high. At present, people are in urgent need of a low-cost technology for large-scale farming of salmon in open waters all year round. The technical solution of the present invention is a low-cost, high-efficiency technology for large-scale farming of salmon in open waters all year round, which fills the technical gap in the industry at home and abroad and meets the urgent needs of society and the market.

[0052] Example 2, taking the construction of a salmon farming marine ranch in a port as an example, the application is as follows:

[0053] In the sea area 10km away from the shore along the west coast of a certain port, there is a low-temperature current flowing from a cold water mass to a certain sea in summer, and it is affected by the remnant of a warm current in the sea in winter. The water depth is 40-50m, which is an ideal sea area for building a salmon farming marine ranch.

[0054] A diversion baffle consisting of a slideway pile 2 and multiple plug plates was built in two phases in the sea area with a length of 5 km and a height of 30 m. It was fixed to the seabed 1. By forming an artificial upwelling, an area of ​​more than 10 km 2 salmon farming marine ranch.

[0055] The main fish species are steelhead trout and Atlantic salmon, which have a suitable growth temperature of 10-20°C and an optimal growth temperature of 15-18°C. Steelhead trout and Atlantic salmon are cultured in high-density polyethylene frame cages with a net depth of 15m and a circumference of 100m in the marine ranch.

[0056] Taking steelhead trout as an example, fixed piles or anchors are used to place cages in the marine ranch area, and steelhead trout fingerlings weighing more than 300g that have been domesticated by seawater are stocked and fed with feed;

[0057] In January to March, when the surface water temperature upstream of the diversion baffle is very low, there is a warm current of 7 to 8°C on the seabed. The diversion baffle can guide the upwelling of the bottom warm current in the sea area to mix with the cold water with an average surface water temperature of 5 to 6°C, forming a marine ranch downstream of the diversion baffle that can ensure the safe wintering and even growth of steelhead trout; the permeability of the bottom plug of the diversion baffle can be reduced as needed to increase the impact of the upwelling on the upper water temperature of the marine ranch; the steelhead trout in the cage are cultured with a small amount of feed;

[0058] In May, when the average surface water temperature upstream of the diversion baffle is 9-10°C, the permeability of the diversion baffle is increased to reduce the intensity of the upwelling with an average water temperature below 9°C, so that a marine pasture for culturing steelhead trout can be formed downstream of the diversion baffle;

[0059] In August, when the average surface water temperature upstream of the diversion baffle is 23-24°C, the diversion baffle can guide the upwelling of cool water below 10°C in the bottom of the sea to mix with the warm water above 23°C on the surface, forming a marine ranch for culturing steelhead trout with an average water temperature of 15-18°C downstream of the diversion baffle; feed is fed to steelhead trout in cages;

[0060] In November when the average surface water temperature upstream of the diversion baffle is 13-14℃, by increasing the water permeability of the diversion baffle and reducing the intensity of the upwelling with an average water temperature below 13℃, a marine ranch with an average water temperature of 13-14℃ is formed downstream of the diversion baffle for breeding steelhead trout.

[0061] The marine ranch formed by the artificial upwelling can breed steelhead trout all year round, and the large-sized fish can grow into commercial fish weighing more than 4kg in about 15 months. The production model of rotational catch and release is implemented according to market demand.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A salmon farming marine ranch construction device, characterized in that: The device comprises an upwelling structure, wherein the upwelling structure is constructed through a seabed (1) with a water temperature difference between an upstream bottom water flow (3) and an upstream upper water flow (4), and the upwelling structure is used to guide the upstream bottom water flow (3) and the upstream upper water flow (4) to mix in a water flow mixing zone (5), and a marine ranch for salmon farming is carried out downstream of the upwelling structure; The upwelling structure is a guide baffle fixed to the seabed (1) and composed of a slideway plug pile (2) and at least two plug plates; The bottom plug-in plate of the plurality of plug-in plates comprises a front honeycomb flow guide baffle (10) and a rear honeycomb flow guide baffle (11), wherein the front honeycomb flow guide baffle (10) and the rear honeycomb flow guide baffle (11) are installed between adjacent slideway plug-in piles (2), and the front honeycomb flow guide baffle (10) is installed in front of the rear honeycomb flow guide baffle (11); The front honeycomb guide baffle (10) and the rear honeycomb guide baffle (11) are both provided with a plurality of permeable holes (12) for water permeation. When the permeable holes (12) of the front honeycomb guide baffle (10) and the permeable holes (12) of the rear honeycomb guide baffle (11) are misaligned up and down, a closed structure (7) of the guide baffle is formed, and the water permeability of the bottom plug plate is zero. When the rear honeycomb flow guide baffle (11) is lifted, the air holes (12) of the front honeycomb flow guide baffle (10) overlap with the air holes (12) of the rear honeycomb flow guide baffle (11), forming an air-permeable flow regulating structure (9); The height of the guide baffle is determined based on the difference between the water velocity and temperature of the upper water flow (4) upstream of the ocean ranch and the water velocity and temperature of the lower water flow (3) upstream; when more upper water flow (4) upstream is needed, the height of the guide baffle is reduced; The water permeability of the air holes (12) of the front honeycomb-shaped guide baffle (10) and the rear honeycomb-shaped guide baffle (11) at the bottom of the guide baffle is adjusted according to the water temperature requirements of the ocean ranch. When more upstream upper layer water flow (4) is needed, the water permeability of the air holes (12) is increased, and when more upstream bottom layer water flow (3) is needed, the water permeability of the air holes (12) is reduced; The salmon farming marine ranch construction device also includes: a high-density polyethylene frame salmon farming cage (6) or a wind and wave resistant cage located downstream of the water flow mixing zone (5); When the water flow velocity in the pasture is continuously greater than 0.5 m / s, a flow reduction structure is added on the water-facing side of the salmon farming cage (6).

2. A method for constructing a salmon farming marine ranch, characterized in that: The method is implemented by the salmon farming marine ranch construction device according to claim 1, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) In summer when the water temperature of the upper layer water flow (4) upstream of the guide baffle is relatively high, a closed guide baffle structure (7) is used, and the guide baffle guides the bottom layer water flow (3) upstream of the guide baffle with a temperature lower than 10°C to form an upwelling flow, and mixes with the upper layer water flow (4) upstream with a temperature higher than 20°C, so as to form a marine ranch with an upper layer water temperature of 10 to 20°C for salmon farming downstream of the guide baffle; the growth temperature of salmon is 15 to 18°C, and when the surface water temperature upstream of the guide baffle is higher than 18°C ​​and the bottom layer water temperature is lower than 18°C, the rear honeycomb guide baffle (11) at the bottom is lowered, so that the air holes (12) of the front honeycomb guide baffle (10) and the rear honeycomb guide baffle (11) are displaced up and down, so as to reduce the water permeability of the air holes (12); (2) in autumn and spring when the water temperature of the upper layer of water flow (4) upstream of the guide baffle is suitable for salmon growth, the water temperature downstream of the guide baffle is made more suitable for salmon growth by increasing the water permeability of the air holes (12) of the front honeycomb guide baffle (10) and the rear honeycomb guide baffle (11) at the bottom of the guide baffle, or decreasing the water permeability of the air holes (12) of the front honeycomb guide baffle (10) and the rear honeycomb guide baffle (11); (3) In the deep winter when the water temperature of the upper water flow (4) upstream of the guide baffle is very low, the honeycomb guide baffle is lowered to form a closed guide baffle structure (7), which guides the upwelling of 4°C or above at the bottom of the sea area to mix with the upper water flow (4) upstream at a temperature below 4°C, thereby forming a marine ranch downstream of the guide baffle to ensure the safe wintering and even growth of salmon.

3. An application in salmonid aquaculture, characterized in that: This application is realized by the salmon farming marine ranch construction device described in claim 1.

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