An energy storage type bridge collision protection structure and device

Abstract

The application provides an energy storage type bridge anti-collision structure and device, wherein the energy storage type bridge anti-collision structure comprises an anti-collision capsule filled with damping medium, one side of the anti-collision capsule is provided with an accumulator, the accumulator is internally provided with a variable space for buffering the damping medium, and the inside of the anti-collision capsule is communicated with the variable space of the accumulator. The structure utilizes the anti-collision capsule to realize flexible buffering of ship collision impact, and combines the viscous characteristics of the damping medium, so that the structure can resist the pulse caused by environmental vibration and shock wave attenuation, reduce the stress peak generated on the main body of the bridge steel structure during the impact process, and the structure can also dissipate the impact kinetic energy in the form of internal energy, and part of the impact kinetic energy is converted into gas compression energy or elastic potential energy storage. After the impact ends, the deformed anti-collision capsule is restored, and the subsequent maintenance process is simplified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge engineering technology, and in particular to an energy storage type bridge anti-collision structure and device. Background Technology

[0002] Bridges spanning waterways are crucial engineering projects for routes crossing waterways, but these bridges inevitably narrow the waterways. With the rapid development of the transportation industry, the conflict between ships and bridges crossing waterways is intensifying, and bridge-ship collisions are frequent. When a bridge structure is struck by a ship, the concrete surface of the piers may peel off, exposing the reinforcing steel, and even causing shear failure of the entire pier, severely affecting the load-bearing capacity of the piers and paralyzing local land and water transportation. Therefore, it is urgent to find a reasonable way to resolve this conflict between bridges and ships.

[0003] Wearing a protective coat for bridges—collision-resistant devices—is currently an effective solution. Their basic principle is based on the energy dissipation through deformation and the delay of the collision process, and they are classified according to their characteristics and applicable scope. Traditional collision-resistant devices currently mostly use composite materials and steel structures as the main body, supplemented by damping elements as auxiliary structures. However, traditional auxiliary structures have poor impact resistance and a single energy dissipation method, causing the composite materials and steel structures to bear the main impact force during the collision, resulting in severe overall plastic deformation of the materials and creating significant difficulties for subsequent maintenance and repair. These various disadvantages mean that traditional collision-resistant facilities that dissipate energy through material failure and deformation need to be completely replaced after a collision, leading to increased maintenance and replacement costs and causing many adverse effects in engineering applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides an energy-storing bridge anti-collision structure and device to solve the defects of existing anti-collision structures, such as low impact resistance and complex replacement, disassembly and maintenance.

[0005] This invention provides an energy-storing bridge collision protection structure, including a collision protection bladder filled with a damping medium. An energy storage device is provided on the side of the collision protection bladder facing the bridge pier. The energy storage device has a variable space inside for buffering the damping medium. The interior of the collision protection bladder is connected to the variable space of the energy storage device.

[0006] According to the present invention, an energy storage type bridge anti-collision structure is provided, wherein the energy storage device includes a shell, the shell having an air inlet and a liquid inlet, the liquid inlet being connected to the anti-collision bladder; the shell also contains an air bladder, the air bladder being connected to the air inlet; the inner wall of the shell and the outer wall of the air bladder form the variable space.

[0007] According to the present invention, an energy storage type bridge anti-collision structure is provided, wherein the liquid guide port is provided with an opening and closing valve to allow the damping medium to flow bidirectionally between the anti-collision bladder and the variable space.

[0008] According to the present invention, an energy-storing bridge anti-collision structure is provided, wherein the opening and closing valve is a mushroom-shaped valve that is reset by a support spring.

[0009] According to the present invention, an energy storage type bridge anti-collision structure is provided, wherein the energy storage device includes a housing, and a spring piston is slidably disposed inside the housing in the axial direction to divide the housing into an air chamber and a variable space; the air chamber is provided with an air guide port, and the variable space is connected to the anti-collision bladder through a liquid guide port.

[0010] According to the present invention, an energy-storing bridge anti-collision structure is provided, wherein the anti-collision bladder is provided with an outer protective plate on the side opposite to the bridge pier, and the outer protective plate is connected to at least one of the anti-collision bladders.

[0011] According to the present invention, an energy-storing bridge anti-collision structure is provided, wherein the outer protective plate is provided with a corrugated plate interlayer, and the space between the corrugated plate interlayer is filled with energy-absorbing material.

[0012] According to the present invention, an energy storage type bridge anti-collision structure is provided, wherein the energy storage device is further covered by a protective box, the anti-collision bladder is installed outside the protective box by elastic fasteners, and the outer protective plate is suspended outside the protective box.

[0013] According to the present invention, an energy-storing bridge anti-collision structure is provided, wherein the protective box is further provided with a damping element on the side facing the bridge pier.

[0014] The present invention also provides an energy storage type bridge anti-collision device, wherein multiple energy storage type bridge anti-collision structures as described above are evenly distributed at the front and rear ends of the bridge pier.

[0015] This invention provides an energy-storing bridge anti-collision structure and device. The anti-collision structure uses an anti-collision bladder to withstand the impact force and undergoes compression deformation. During the impact duration, the damping medium inside the bladder flows to the variable space of the energy storage device. During the flow, heat is generated due to the internal friction of the damping medium, which converts the impact energy into thermal energy in a timely manner. At the same time, when the energy storage device is compressed by the hydraulic impact of the damping medium, part of the impact kinetic energy is converted into gas compression energy through the damping medium. The impact kinetic energy is stored in the energy storage device in the form of gas compression energy. After the impact process ends, the ship detaches from the anti-collision bladder, and the gas inside the energy storage device expands rapidly, refilling the damping medium into the anti-collision bladder, allowing the anti-collision bladder to return to its original shape. This structure utilizes a crash bladder to provide flexible buffering against ship collisions. Combined with the viscous properties of the damping medium, it can resist vibrations in the working environment and attenuate the pulses caused by shock waves, reducing the peak stress on the main steel structure of the bridge during the impact. Furthermore, the structure can dissipate the impact kinetic energy as internal energy while partially converting it into gas compression energy for storage. After the impact, the energy can be released again to restore the deformed crash bladder, simplifying subsequent maintenance procedures. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the energy storage type bridge anti-collision structure provided by the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of an energy storage device provided by the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is the second schematic diagram of the energy storage bridge anti-collision structure provided by the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A partial sectional view of the energy storage-type bridge collision protection structure in China;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of another energy storage device provided by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer protective plate provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 This is an installation diagram of the energy storage type bridge anti-collision device provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure label:

[0025] 1: Collision-resistant airbag; 11: Damping medium; 2: Accumulator; 21: Shell; 211: Air inlet; 212: Liquid inlet; 22: Airbag; 23: Opening and closing valve; 231: Mushroom valve; 232: Support spring; 233: Valve seat; 24: Variable space; 25: Piston; 26: Air chamber; 27: Spring piston rod; 3: Connecting pipe; 4: Outer protective plate; 41: Corrugated plate interlayer; 42: Energy-absorbing material; 5: Protective box; 6: Lifting assembly; 61: Chain; 62: Lifting lug; 7: Elastic fastener; 8: Damping element;

[0026] 100: Energy storage type bridge anti-collision structure; 200: Bridge pier. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0028] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown in the figure, an energy storage type bridge anti-collision structure 100 provided in this embodiment of the invention includes an anti-collision bladder 1 filled with a damping medium 11. An energy storage device 2 is provided on the side of the anti-collision bladder 1 facing the pier 200. The energy storage device 2 has a variable space 24 for buffering the damping medium 11. The interior of the anti-collision bladder 1 is connected to the variable space 24 of the energy storage device 2 to improve the buffering and energy dissipation effect of the bridge in response to ship impacts.

[0029] Specifically, both the anti-collision bladder 1 and the accumulator 2 are vertically erected cylindrical tank structures, and their volumes are approximately equal. In this embodiment, both the anti-collision bladder 1 and the accumulator 2 adopt a capsule structure with hemispherical ends, resulting in better buoyancy performance and making them more suitable for use in waterways. The shell material of the anti-collision bladder 1 can be made of high-strength canvas and synthetic rubber vulcanized together. The material strength can also be divided into layered forms such as one layer of canvas and two layers of rubber, two layers of canvas and two layers of rubber, and three layers of canvas and four layers of rubber, depending on the pressure requirements of the internal damping medium 11. Because a thicker rubber material is used, the anti-collision bladder 1 has properties such as wear resistance, sunlight resistance, and aging resistance, as well as airtightness, watertightness, and good tensile strength in the warp and weft directions. Furthermore, due to the use of a flexible and deformable shell material, in the subsequent repair process after an impact accident, it is only necessary to refill the damping medium 11 into the anti-collision bladder 1 to restore its initial shape, without the need to replace the anti-collision equipment. This not only reduces the workload of water operations but also greatly saves maintenance costs. The casing of the accumulator 2 is made of steel structure covered with Kevlar fiber or basalt fiber composite material, which mainly serves to buffer energy absorption and protect the equipment, preventing the internal damping medium 11 from leaking due to impact.

[0030] The damping medium 11 filled inside the anti-collision bladder 1 is viscous and is normally liquid. It can be a silicone oil-based damping fluid or an alcohol-based damping fluid, etc. The bottom of the anti-collision bladder 1 is connected to the accumulator 2 via a connecting pipe 3. A valve is installed at the liquid inlet 212 of the connecting pipe 3 or the accumulator 2. Under normal conditions, the valve is closed. However, in the event of a ship collision, the anti-collision bladder 1 is compressed and deformed, causing a rapid increase in the pressure of the damping medium 11. When the valve reaches its opening pressure, it automatically opens, and the damping medium 11 flows into the accumulator 2 through the connecting pipe 3. During the flow, the friction between molecules within the liquid generates heat, promptly converting the impact energy into thermal energy, thereby weakening the ship's impact kinetic energy. Simultaneously, the damping medium 11 can also resist vibrations in the working environment and attenuate the pulse caused by the shock wave, reducing the peak stress on the main steel structure during the impact.

[0031] like Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the accumulator 2 can be a gas accumulator, which converts energy through gas compression. During use, the accumulator 2 must first be charged with gas at a predetermined pressure. When the system pressure exceeds the internal pressure of the accumulator 2, the damping medium 11 compresses the gas, converting the pressure within the damping medium 11 into internal gas energy. When the system pressure is lower than the internal pressure of the accumulator 2, the damping medium 11 in the accumulator 2 flows back to the anti-collision bladder 1 under the action of the high-pressure gas, releasing the stored impact energy. More specifically, the gas accumulator can be a bladder-type accumulator or a piston-type accumulator. Bladder-type accumulators have advantages such as low inertia, rapid response, low leakage, no possibility of oil-gas mixing, easy maintenance, fewer auxiliary devices, easy installation, and convenient charging. Piston-type accumulators use a piston to separate the gas and liquid, and there is a seal between the piston and the inner wall of the accumulator, so the oil is not easily oxidized. Therefore, they have advantages such as long life, light weight, easy installation, simple structure, and convenient maintenance. In addition, accumulator 2 can also be a diaphragm accumulator or other types of gas accumulators, as long as they can meet the requirements of energy storage and buffering, there are no restrictions here.

[0032] This embodiment provides an energy-storing bridge anti-collision structure. The anti-collision bladder 1 bears the impact force and undergoes compression deformation. The damping medium 11 inside it flows to the variable space of the energy storage 2 during the impact duration. During the flow, heat is generated by the internal friction of the damping medium 11, which converts the impact energy into thermal energy in time. At the same time, when the energy storage 2 is compressed by the hydraulic impact of the damping medium 11, part of the impact kinetic energy is converted into gas compression energy through the damping medium 11. The impact kinetic energy is stored in the energy storage 2 in the form of gas compression energy. After the impact process ends, the ship is no longer in contact with the anti-collision bladder 1. The gas inside the energy storage 2 expands rapidly and refills the damping medium 11 into the anti-collision bladder 1, so that the anti-collision bladder 1 returns to its original shape. The structure utilizes the anti-collision bladder 1 to achieve flexible buffering against ship collision impacts. Combined with the viscous properties of the damping medium 11, it can resist vibrations in the working environment and attenuate the pulses caused by shock waves, reducing the peak stress generated on the main steel structure of the bridge during the impact. Furthermore, the structure can dissipate the impact kinetic energy in the form of internal energy and partially convert it into gas compression energy for storage. After the impact, the energy is released to restore the deformed anti-collision bladder 1, simplifying the subsequent maintenance process.

[0033] Furthermore, such as Figure 2As shown, the accumulator 2 includes a housing 21, which has a gas inlet 211 and a liquid outlet 212. The liquid outlet 212 is connected to the anti-collision bladder 1. An airbag 22 is also housed inside the housing 21, and the airbag 22 is connected to the gas inlet 211. The inner wall of the housing 21 and the outer wall of the airbag 22 form a variable space 24. Specifically, the airbag 22 can be made of oil-resistant rubber and fixed to the upper part of the housing 21. In use, an inert gas, such as nitrogen or argon, is injected into the airbag 22 at a certain pressure using an inflation valve (not shown in the figure) connected to the airbag 22 at the gas inlet 211. Alternatively, the airbag 22 can be located at the lower part or side of the housing 21, as long as it can communicate with the gas inlet 211 and seal the liquid outlet 212 after inflation; there are no restrictions here. The outer wall of the airbag 22 and the inner wall of the shell 21 can form a variable space 24, that is, the space inside the shell 21 other than the airbag 22 can be used to buffer the damping medium 11.

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, the air inlet 211 and liquid outlet 212 of the housing 21 are respectively located at opposite ends of the housing 21, with the air inlet 211 at the upper end and the liquid outlet 212 at the lower end. The liquid outlet 212 is connected to the anti-collision bladder 1 through the opening and closing valve 23 so that the damping medium 11 can flow bidirectionally between the anti-collision bladder 1 and the variable space 24. During a collision, the crash bladder 1 deforms, squeezing the internal damping medium 11 into the liquid inlet 212. When the liquid pressure at the liquid inlet 212 is greater than the gas pressure in the airbag 22, the opening and closing valve 23 opens the liquid inlet 212, and the damping medium 11 is forced into the variable space 24, thus buffering the damping medium 11 and storing the impact kinetic energy as gas compression energy. When the accident ends, the impact force applied to the crash bladder 1 decreases or disappears. At this time, when the gas pressure in the airbag 22 is greater than the pressure of the damping medium 11 in the variable space 24, the damping medium 11 in the variable space 24 is discharged back into the crash bladder 1 until the opening and closing valve 23 completely closes the liquid inlet 212.

[0035] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the opening and closing valve 23 is a mushroom-shaped valve 231 that is reset by a support spring 232. Specifically, the opening and closing valve 23 is fixed to the liquid inlet 212 by a valve seat 233. The mushroom-shaped valve 231 includes a mushroom-shaped valve plate and a valve stem. The outer diameter of the mushroom-shaped valve plate is larger than the inner diameter of the liquid inlet 212, and the valve stem can move axially within the valve seat. The support spring 232 is sleeved on the outside of the valve stem, and its lower end can be fixedly connected to the valve seat. When the air bladder 22 is filled with compressed gas, the outer wall of the air bladder 22 can tightly adhere to the entire inner cavity of the housing 21 of the accumulator 2, and at the same time push the mushroom-shaped valve plate of the mushroom-shaped valve 231 to close the liquid inlet 212. At this time, the support spring 232 is in a compressed state.

[0036] like Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the accumulator 2 can be a spring-piston type accumulator, which includes a housing 21. A piston 25 is axially slidably disposed inside the housing 21 to divide the housing 21 into a gas chamber 26 and a variable space 24. A spring piston rod 27 can also be fixed axially inside the gas chamber 26, with the piston 25 sleeved on the spring piston rod 27 to ensure vertical movement of the piston 25 and achieve a guiding function. The gas chamber 26 has a gas inlet 211, and the variable space 24 is connected to the anti-collision bladder 1 through a liquid inlet 212. In use, an inert gas, such as nitrogen or argon, at a certain pressure can be injected into the airbag 22 using an inflation valve (not shown in the figure) connected to the airbag 22 at the gas inlet 211. An opening and closing valve (not shown in the figure) is installed at the liquid inlet 212 or on the connecting pipe 3. The working principle of piston accumulator is similar to that of airbag accumulator. Both use a variable space 24 to buffer the damping medium 11 and then convert the impact kinetic energy into gas compression energy for storage. This will not be elaborated further here.

[0037] Based on the above embodiments, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the side of the crash bladder 1 facing away from the pier 200 is also provided with an outer protective plate 4, which is connected to at least one crash bladder 1. Figure 6 As shown, the outer protective plate 4 has a corrugated plate interlayer 41 inside, and energy-absorbing material 42 is filled between the corrugated plate interlayer 41. Specifically, the outer protective plate 4 can be tightly attached to the surface of one or more anti-collision bladders 1, so that the contact area between the outer protective plate 4 and the anti-collision bladder 1 is as large as possible.

[0038] This embodiment uses one outer liner 4 corresponding to three anti-collision bladders 1 as an example for illustration, and no limitation is made here. When a ship collision occurs, the ship first contacts the outer liner 4. The impact kinetic energy is consumed by the lateral extension of the corrugated plate interlayer 41 inside the outer liner 4 and the plastic crushing deformation of the energy-absorbing material 42. At the same time, the outer liner 4 presses down on the anti-collision bladders 1 as a whole, so that the force of the three anti-collision bladders 1 corresponding to the outer liner 4 is evenly distributed, thereby dispersing the peak impact force at the impact point. The three anti-collision bladders 1 undergo compression deformation at the same time, so that the damping medium 11 filled inside flows to the accumulator 2 during the impact duration. During the flow, due to the strong interaction between the molecules inside the structure of the damping medium 11, viscous resistance is generated, so that the impact kinetic energy is consumed in the form of internal energy. At the same time, when the damping medium 11 flows into the variable space 24 inside the accumulator 2, some of the impact kinetic energy is also stored in the form of gas compression energy.

[0039] Therefore, the outer protective plate 4 can increase the dissipation of impact kinetic energy and simultaneously compress multiple anti-collision bags 1, thereby improving the buffering effect and providing a certain degree of protection for the anti-collision bags 1. In addition, the corrugated plate interlayer 41 and energy-absorbing material 42 as fillers can effectively improve the strength of the outer protective plate 4 and enhance its effective protection and buffering effect.

[0040] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the accumulator 2 is also covered by a protective box 5. The crash bladder 1 is installed outside the protective box 5 by elastic fasteners 7. The outer protective plate 4 is hoisted outside the protective box 5 by a hoisting assembly 6, and the crash bladder 1 is sandwiched between the outer protective plate 4 and the protective box 5. Specifically, several elastic fasteners 7 are installed on the side of the protective box 5 facing the crash bladder 1 by high-strength bolts. The elastic fasteners 7 are arc-shaped and made of rubber, which can completely fit the outer surface of the crash bladder 1. Because the elastic fasteners 7 are made of elastic material, they can also play a certain role in energy dissipation and buffering, and can also facilitate the disassembly, replacement or maintenance of the crash bladder 1.

[0041] The lifting assembly 6 includes a chain 61 and lifting lugs 62. Lifting lugs 62 are fixedly installed on the upper and lower sides of the outer protective plate 4 and on the side of the protective box 5 facing the crash bladder 1. A chain 61 passes between the lifting lugs 62, and the tension of the chain 61 tightly connects and secures the crash bladder 1 and the outer protective plate 4. Furthermore, the lifting chain 61 can be replaced with other durable rope structures; no restrictions are placed here. Using the lifting assembly 6 to detachably connect the protective box 5 and the outer protective plate 4 simplifies subsequent maintenance and repair procedures, facilitating the replacement and restoration of the outer protective plate 4.

[0042] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a damping element 8 is also provided on the side of the protective box 5 facing the pier 200. Specifically, the damping element 8 can be of shear type, rotation type, compression type, air-filled type, or hydraulic type. In this embodiment, a V-type compression damping element is used, which has the characteristics of simple structure, easy manufacturing, and convenient installation. In addition, compression damping elements can also be of D type, cylindrical type, H type, drum type, and II type. More specifically, the damping element 8 can be a rubber fender.

[0043] Furthermore, the protective housing 5 is equipped with a support pad (not shown in the figure). The support pad is L-shaped and has several recesses that fit the bottom of the accumulator 2 to support it. The support pad can be made of an elastic material, such as rubber, to prevent the steel protective housing 5 from contacting the accumulator 2 during an impact.

[0044] Furthermore, the accumulator 2 is also equipped with a pressure relief valve (not shown in the figure). When the internal hydraulic pressure is detected to reach a safety threshold, the pressure relief valve opens to protect the accumulator 2.

[0045] like Figure 7 As shown, the present invention also provides an energy-storing bridge anti-collision device, wherein multiple energy-storing bridge anti-collision structures 100 as described above are evenly distributed at the front and rear ends of the bridge pier 200. In this embodiment, three energy-storing bridge anti-collision structures 100 are respectively distributed at the front and rear ends of the bridge pier 200. Each energy-storing bridge anti-collision structure 100 adopts a structural combination of one outer protective plate 4 corresponding to four anti-collision bladders 1. The specific number combination can be adjusted according to the size of the bridge pier 200, and is not limited here. In addition, energy-storing bridge anti-collision structures 100 can also be distributed on both sides of the bridge pier 200. Considering that the probability of a frontal impact to the side of the bridge pier 200 is relatively small, the number of energy-storing bridge anti-collision structures 100 can be appropriately reduced, or only the steel structure of the protective box 5 and the damping element 8 can be used for buffering, without setting the outer protective plate 4, anti-collision bladders and energy accumulators 2.

[0046] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the energy-storing bridge anti-collision structure and device provided by the present invention encloses the pier 200 with multiple protective boxes 5. When a ship collision occurs, the outer protective plate 4 is the first to be crushed and deformed, and the energy is dissipated through the corrugated plate interlayer 41 and the energy-absorbing material 42. At the same time, the anti-collision bladder 1 is compressed, and the damping medium 11 is injected into the energy storage device 2. Due to the interaction force generated by the molecules inside the damping medium 11 during the flow process, heat is generated during the flow process, thereby converting the kinetic energy of the ship impact into the form of internal energy for consumption. As the level of the damping medium 11 in 2 rises, it generates gravitational potential energy to do work and produce energy conversion. As the collision process proceeds, when the accumulator 2 is compressed by the hydraulic impact of the damping medium 11, part of the impact kinetic energy is converted into gas compression energy through the damping medium 11, so that the impact kinetic energy is stored in the accumulator 2 in the form of gas compression energy. After the collision process ends, the ship detaches from the contact with the anti-collision bladder 1, and the gas inside the accumulator 2 expands rapidly, refilling the damping medium 11 into the anti-collision bladder 1, so that the anti-collision bladder 1 returns to its original shape, simplifying the subsequent maintenance and replacement process.

[0047] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy-storage bridge collision avoidance structure, characterized in that, The application relates to a bridge anti-collision structure of an energy storage type, which comprises an anti-collision capsule filled with a damping medium, an accumulator arranged on one side of the anti-collision capsule, a variable space for buffering the damping medium arranged in the accumulator, and a communication pipe connecting the anti-collision capsule and the accumulator, wherein a valve is arranged at the liquid guide opening of the communication pipe or the accumulator to enable the damping medium to flow between the anti-collision capsule and the variable space, and the valve is closed in a normal state and automatically opened when the opening pressure of the valve is reached. The accumulator is a gas accumulator, specifically a gas bag accumulator, which realizes energy conversion through compressed gas. The gas bag accumulator comprises a shell, a gas guide opening and a liquid guide opening are arranged on the shell, the liquid guide opening is communicated with the anti-collision capsule, a gas bag is arranged in the shell, the gas bag is communicated with the gas guide opening, and the inner wall of the shell and the outer wall of the gas bag form the variable space.

2. The energy-accumulating bridge crash barrier according to claim 1, characterized in that The valve is a mushroom valve which is reset by a supporting spring.

3. The energy-accumulating bridge crash barrier according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The anti-collision capsule is provided with an outer protective plate on the side away from the pier, and the outer protective plate is connected with at least one anti-collision capsule.

4. The energy-accumulating bridge crash barrier according to claim 3, characterized in that The outer protective plate is provided with corrugated plate interlayers, and the corrugated plate interlayers are filled with energy absorption materials.

5. The energy absorbing crashworthy bridge structure as claimed in claim 4, wherein, The accumulator is further provided with a protective box, the anti-collision capsule is arranged outside the protective box through elastic fasteners, and the outer protective plate is hung outside the protective box.

6. The energy absorbing crashworthy bridge structure as claimed in claim 5, wherein, The protective box is further provided with a damping element on the side facing the pier.

7. An energy storage type bridge anti-collision device, characterized in that, A plurality of the bridge anti-collision structures of the energy storage type are arranged on the front end and the rear end of the pier.

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