A lakeside terraced wetland ecological restoration model and implementation method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a lakeside terraced wetland ecological restoration model and implementation method, which spatially divides the lakeside into an aquatic plant ecological conservation area, a wetland shrub terraced ecological retention area, and a colorful flower and tree leisure and fitness area; the aquatic plant ecological conservation area starts from the lowest point of the lakeside belt, and water-resistant and pollution-resistant aquatic plants are planted below the high water line; the wetland shrub terraced ecological retention area is located above the high water line, and multiple rows of ecological retention walls are set to form multi-layer steps, and various wetland shrubs are densely planted between the steps; ornamental flowers and trees are arranged on the top of the slope, and leisure and fitness garden paths are built; the present invention realizes the formation of a green landscape of the lakeside belt that simulates nature and integrates water and soil through structural layout and spatial construction according to local conditions, creates conditions for improving the ecological landscape of the lakeside wetland and conserving biodiversity, and meets the recreation, sightseeing, leisure and fitness needs of citizens.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of urban landscaping and lakeside ecological environment management, and mainly relates to a lakeside terraced wetland ecological restoration model and implementation method. Background Art

[0002] In nature, the lakeshore is the natural transition zone between lakes and land. As a vital component of urban natural resources, it plays a multifaceted role in water conservation, soil and water conservation, and ecological environmental protection, and has long been a focus of municipal authorities.

[0003] In recent years, awareness of protecting the natural environment and creating eco-friendly cities has gradually increased. The construction of ecologically restored lakeside wetlands, with biodiversity conservation and soil and water conservation as the primary functions, and multiple functions such as ecology, beautification, and environmental protection, has received increasing attention and praise. This approach, while not affecting the natural ecological functions of the lakeside, balances habitat protection with the creation of beautiful natural landscapes. It restores the lakeside, which is susceptible to human interference and hydraulic influences, into a friendly zone where water and soil are ecologically interdependent, and water and organisms coexist in a mutually beneficial symbiosis. While creating a habitat conducive to biodiversity conservation and maintaining a clean water environment, it also creates a beautiful, pleasant, and relaxing waterfront wetland landscape.

[0004] However, with the rapid development of industrial and agricultural production and rapid urbanization in my country, the importance of lakeshore ecological conservation and biodiversity conservation has often been overlooked. Traditional lakeshores often have a single form and simple structure, often consisting of purely hardened dam revetments. Little consideration is given to the ecological conservation function of lakeshore wetland structures. This is not only costly and aesthetically pleasing, but more importantly, it fails to create ecological habitats for diverse plants and animals, making it difficult to maintain biodiversity. This also contradicts the modern trend of returning to nature, beautifying nature, and creating eco-friendly cities. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a lakeside terraced wetland ecological restoration model and implementation method in response to the shortcomings of current urban lakeside ecological restoration technology.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention discloses a lakeside terraced wetland ecological restoration model and implementation method, which spatially divides the lakeside into an aquatic plant ecological conservation area, a wetland shrub terraced ecological stagnation area, and a colorful flower and tree leisure and fitness area;

[0007] The aquatic plant ecological conservation area starts from the lowest part of the lakeshore belt, and aquatic plants that are resistant to water and pollution are selected and planted below the high water mark to form an ecological conservation group of herbaceous plants with strong water purification ability, species conservation, and filtration and silt retention functions;

[0008] The wetland shrub terraced ecological detention area is located above the high water mark, connected to the aquatic plant ecological conservation area at the bottom and the colorful flower and tree leisure and fitness area at the top. Various wetland shrubs are densely planted in the area to form a shrub plant ecological transformation group with strong soil consolidation and anti-erosion capabilities and the functions of water conservation and landscape improvement. There are also 2 to 3 rows of ecological retention walls distributed in parallel from bottom to top, and climbing plants are planted at the base of the retention walls.

[0009] The colorful flower and tree leisure and fitness area is located above the wetland shrub terraced ecological stagnation area. Through the scientific arrangement of ornamental flower and tree groups and leisure and fitness garden paths, a colorful garden landscape is created, forming a lakeside wetland recreation area with leisure and sightseeing and health care and fitness functions.

[0010] The aquatic plants are a combination of three or more of Phragmites australis, Cattail orientalis, Cyperus rotundus, Black Tripterygium wilfordii, Iris calamus, Pikestaff, Zizania latifolia, Cattail reed and Reed sedge, and the planting method is random block dense planting with a planting density of 30 to 45 plants per square meter.

[0011] Among them, the wetland shrubs are any combination of four or more of the following: chestnut elm, rough-leaved elm, red elm, beautiful Lespedeza, golden flame spirea, rhombus-leaved spirea, and Prunus mume, and the planting method is dense planting in small blocks in the shape of a triangle, with each block covering an area of ​​2 to 6 square meters and a planting spacing of 25 to 35 centimeters; the climbing plants are any combination of two or more of the following: honeysuckle, clematis, trachelospermum, and pink rose, and the planting spacing is 15 to 20 cm.

[0012] The retention wall is made of ecological slope protection bricks stacked up and down. The appearance after the bricks are built is a natural streamline. The vertical projection spacing of the retention wall varies according to the slope size (Table 1):

[0013] Table 1 Variation of spacing between retention walls

[0014] Slope protection (degrees) Vertical projection distance (m) 15～30 4～5 31～45 3～4 46～50 2～3 51～65 1～2

[0015] Among them, the side view of the ecological slope protection brick is an inverted "concave" shape, the cross-section is a bottle shadow shape, and the surface is naturally smoothed; the ecological slope protection brick is 35 cm high, the upper top surface is rectangular, the specifications are 35 cm × 45 cm, and a 5 cm × 8 cm horizontal hole is provided in the center of the lower bottom surface, and the direction of the hole is parallel to the short side of the upper top surface; the left and right sides are provided with "T"-shaped grooves, and the horizontal groove of the "T"-shaped groove is located 5 cm below the long ridge of the upper top surface, with a width and depth of 3 cm. The vertical groove of the "T"-shaped groove is perpendicular to the horizontal groove and goes straight through the hole, with a width and depth of 3 cm.

[0016] Among them, there are two ways of stacking the ecological slope protection bricks. One is the same-direction stacking method, that is, all the slope protection bricks are stacked with the top surface facing upward and staggered up and down, and only small holes are distributed when viewed from the side; the other is the different-direction stacking method, that is, the holes of the upper two layers of slope protection bricks are inward, and the holes of the bottom layer of slope protection bricks are facing downward, and staggered with the upper two layers of slope protection bricks. When viewed from the side, there are both large holes and small holes.

[0017] Among them, the ornamental flower and tree group is a natural combination of trees such as Metasequoia, Cinnamomum camphora, Osmanthus fragrans, and Prunus mume, and small trees such as Magnolia grandiflora, Acer palmatum, Cornus officinalis, and Osmanthus fragrans; the lower part of the vertical projection of the ground tree species is enclosed by tree pit bricks to form an irregular tree pit, the shape of the tree pit is equivalent to the vertical projection shape of the crown of the ground tree species, and garden waste is scattered in the tree pit.

[0018] Among them, the material of the tree pit surrounding bricks is porous concrete, the appearance is a hollow diamond, the outer side length is 25 cm, the inner side length is 5 cm, the thickness is 3.5 to 4 cm, and a diamond hole is formed in the center; the tree pit surrounding bricks are stacked in a "212" splicing method with the pointed end facing up, that is, they are stacked in the order of 2 layers, 1 layer, and 2 layers. Uniform diamond holes are formed on the surface of the tree pit, which are half buried in the soil around the tree.

[0019] Among them, the leisure and fitness park road is laid out 60 cm away from the highest ecological retention wall, is naturally streamlined, and is 5 to 6 meters wide. The road surface is paved with 3 cm thick colored plastic to form a leisure and fitness trail.

[0020] The present invention also provides the construction steps of the above-mentioned lakeside terraced wetland management model:

[0021] Step 1: Clean the slope surface and remove solid pollutants;

[0022] Step 2: Desilt the water body and trim the flow line;

[0023] Step 3: Plant aquatic plants below the high water level;

[0024] Step 4: Build a retention wall on the slope and plant wetland shrubs and climbing plants;

[0025] Step 5: Build a garden fitness path on the top of the slope;

[0026] Step 6: Plant ornamental flowers and trees, build tree pools, and conduct final acceptance.

[0027] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0028] (1) This invention comprehensively utilizes the principles of botany, ecology, and hydraulics, fully considering the habitat needs of plants and animals in different ecological niches. By adapting the land pattern division and plant selection to local conditions, it creates conditions for the conservation of lakeside biodiversity and the development of ecological functions. It flexibly and diversely constructs green spaces for ecological conservation and biological reproduction in urban lakeside areas, promoting the ecological health and biodiversity stability of lakeside areas.

[0029] (2) This application abandons the traditional practice of single structure, simplified vegetation and hardened slope in the management of lakeside wetlands. Based on the hydraulic characteristics and dynamic theory of the lakeside zone, aquatic vegetation and terraced slope protection structures are arranged according to local conditions. On the premise of ensuring the safety function of the lakeside zone, a suitable environment is created for the survival of various animals and plants, which is beneficial to the water conservation and biodiversity stability of the lakeside wetland. At the same time, it is also beneficial to improve the carbon sequestration function of the lakeside wetland, and realize the diversification of the ecological functions of the lakeside zone.

[0030] (3) In terms of functional layout, the present invention attaches importance to the creation of lakeside wetland landscape. While ensuring the structural stability and ecological safety of the lakeside zone, it provides urban residents with a fresh and pleasant outdoor rest space to meet people's actual needs of getting close to nature, protecting nature, and integrating into nature. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the lakeside terraced wetland ecological restoration model structure;

[0032] Figure 2 This is the side view of the ecological slope protection brick;

[0033] Figure 3 This is the cross-section of the ecological slope protection brick;

[0034] Figure 4 This is the side view of the ecological slope protection brick;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the same-direction stacking method for ecological slope protection bricks;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the stacking method of ecological slope protection bricks in different directions;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the exterior structure of the tree pool surrounding bricks;

[0038] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the stacking method of tree pool surrounding bricks.

[0039] Among them: 1. The lowest point of the lakeside belt, 2. Aquatic plants, 3. Retention wall, 31. Ecological slope protection bricks, 4. Wetland shrubs, 5. Climbing plants, 6. Ornamental flowers and trees, 7. Tree pool, 71. Tree pool wall bricks, 8. Garden embankment road, 11. Upper top surface, 12. Lower bottom surface, 13a. Front side, 13b. Back side, 13c. Left side, 13d. Right side, 14. Small holes, 15. Horizontal groove, 16. Vertical groove, 17. Large holes, 18. Outer edge, 19. Inner edge, 20. Diamond holes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and the above and / or other advantages of the present invention will become more apparent.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, the invention spatially divides the lakeside zone into three parts: aquatic plant ecological conservation zone I, wetland shrub terraced ecological stagnation zone II, and colorful flower and tree leisure and fitness zone III.

[0042] Among them, the aquatic plant ecological conservation zone I starts from the lowest point of the lakeside belt 1, and water-resistant and pollution-resistant aquatic plants 2 are selected to be planted below the high water level, forming an herbaceous plant ecological conservation group with strong water purification ability and species conservation and filtration and silt retention functions; the wetland shrub terraced ecological retention zone II is located above the high water level, connected to the aquatic plant ecological conservation zone I at the bottom and reached the colorful flower and tree leisure and fitness zone III at the top. Various wetland shrubs 4 are densely planted in the zone, forming a shrub plant ecological transformation group with strong soil fixation and anti-erosion ability and water conservation and landscape improvement functions, and there are 2 to 3 rows of ecological retention walls 3 distributed in parallel from bottom to top, and climbing plants 5 are planted at the base of the retention wall 3; the colorful flower and tree leisure and fitness zone III is located above the wetland shrub terraced ecological retention zone II, and is equipped with ornamental flower and tree groups 6 and leisure and fitness garden paths 8, forming a colorful garden landscape and an ecological recreation area with leisure and fitness functions.

[0043] Among them, the aquatic plants 2 are selected from a combination of more than three kinds of reeds, oriental cattails, cyperus, black mitsuba, yellow iris, pickerel grass, wild cattail, cattail, and reed, and the planting method is random block dense planting with a planting density of 30 to 45 plants per square meter; the wetland shrubs 4 are any combination of more than four kinds of chestnut elm, rough-leaved elm, red yew, beautiful Lespedeza, golden flame spiraea, rhombus-leaved spiraea, and Prunus mume, and the planting method is dense planting in small blocks in a triangular shape, with an area of ​​2 to 6 square meters per block and a planting spacing of 25 to 35 centimeters; the climbing plants 5 are any combination of more than two kinds of honeysuckle, clematis, trachelospermum, and pink rose, and the planting spacing is 15 to 20 cm.

[0044] The retention wall 3 is formed by stacking ecological slope protection bricks 31 up and down. The appearance after the bricks are built is a natural streamline. The vertical projection spacing of the retention wall 3 varies according to the slope size (Table 1):

[0045] Table 1 Variation of spacing between retention walls

[0046] Slope of slope protection (degrees) Vertical projection distance (m) 15～30 4～5 31～45 3～4 46～50 2～3 51～65 1～2

[0047] like Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 As shown, the side view of the ecological slope protection brick 31 is an inverted "concave" shape, the cross-section is a bottle shadow shape, and the surface is naturally smoothed; the ecological slope protection brick 31 is 35 cm high, the upper top surface 11 is rectangular, the specifications are 35 cm × 45 cm, and a 5 cm × 8 cm horizontal hole 14 is provided in the center of the lower bottom surface 12, and the direction of the hole 14 is parallel to the short side of the upper top surface 11; the front side 13a and the rear side 13b are the same size, and the left side 13c and the right side 13d are both provided with a "T"-shaped groove, and the horizontal groove 15 of the "T"-shaped groove is located 5 cm below the long ridge of the upper top surface 11, with a width and depth of 3 cm. The longitudinal groove 16 of the "T"-shaped groove is perpendicular to the horizontal groove 15 and passes through the small hole 14, and the width and depth are also 3 cm.

[0048] There are two ways to stack ecological slope protection bricks 31. One is the same direction stacking method ( Figure 5 ), that is, all the slope protection bricks 31 are stacked with the top surface 11 facing upward, and the upper and lower peaks are stacked, and only small holes 14 are distributed from the side; the other is the heterogeneous stacking method ( Figure 6 ), that is, the holes 14 of the upper two layers of slope protection bricks 31 are enclosed inward, and the holes 14 of the bottom slope protection bricks 31 are downward, and staggered with the upper two layers of slope protection bricks 31. When viewed from the side, there are two types of large holes 17 and small holes 14.

[0049] The ornamental flower and tree group 6 is a natural combination of trees such as Metasequoia, Cinnamomum camphora, Osmanthus fragrans, and Prunus mume and small trees such as Magnolia grandiflora, Acer palmatum, Cornus officinalis, and Osmanthus fragrans; the bottom of the vertical projection of the ground tree species is enclosed by tree pool bricks 71 to form an irregular tree pool 7, the shape of the tree pool 7 is equivalent to the vertical projection shape of the crown of the ground tree species, and garden waste is scattered in the tree pool 7.

[0050] like Figure 7 As shown, the material of the tree pool brick 71 is porous concrete, and the shape is a hollow diamond, with an outer edge 18 of 25 cm long, an inner edge 19 of 5 cm long, a thickness of 3.5 to 4 cm, and a diamond hole 20 formed in the center; Figure 8 As shown, the tree pit surrounding bricks 71 are stacked in a "212" splicing manner with the pointed ends facing upwards, that is, they are stacked in the order of 2 layers, 1 layer, and 2 layers. Uniform diamond-shaped holes 20 are formed on the surface of the tree pit 7, which are half buried in the soil around the tree to play an isolation and protection role.

[0051] The leisure and fitness park road 8 is arranged 60 cm away from the highest ecological retention wall 3, is naturally streamlined, and is 5 to 6 meters wide. The road surface is paved with 3 cm thick colored plastic to form a leisure and fitness trail to meet the leisure and sightseeing needs of surrounding residents.

[0052] The present invention also provides the construction steps of the above-mentioned lakeside terraced wetland ecological restoration model:

[0053] Step 1: Clean the slope surface and remove solid pollutants;

[0054] Step 2: Desilt the water body and trim the flow line;

[0055] Step 3: Plant aquatic plants below the high water level;

[0056] Step 4: Build a retention wall on the slope and plant wetland shrubs and climbing plants;

[0057] Step 5: Build a garden fitness path on the top of the slope;

[0058] Step 6: Plant ornamental flowers and trees, build tree pools, and conduct final acceptance.

[0059] The present invention provides a model and method for the ecological restoration of lakeside terraced wetlands. While there are numerous methods and approaches for implementing this technical solution, the foregoing merely represents a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art may make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications are also within the scope of protection of the present invention. Any components not specified in this embodiment may be implemented using existing technologies.

Claims

1. A lakeside terraced wetland ecological restoration method, characterized in that: The lakeside zone is spatially divided into aquatic plant ecological conservation zone (Ⅰ), wetland shrub terraced ecological stagnation zone (Ⅱ), and colorful flower and tree leisure and fitness zone (Ⅲ). The aquatic plant ecological conservation zone (I) starts from the lowest point of the lakeshore (1), and selects water-resistant and pollution-resistant aquatic plants (2) to be planted below the high water mark, forming an ecological conservation group of herbaceous plants with strong water purification ability, species conservation, and filtration and silt retention functions; The wetland shrub terraced ecological retention zone (II) is located above the high water mark, connected to the aquatic plant ecological conservation zone (I) at the bottom and to the colorful flower and tree leisure and fitness zone (III) at the top. Various wetland shrubs (4) are densely planted in the zone to form a shrub plant ecological transformation group with strong soil consolidation and anti-erosion capabilities and the functions of water conservation and landscape improvement. There are also 2 to 3 rows of ecological retention walls (3) distributed in parallel from bottom to top, and climbing plants (5) are planted at the base of the ecological retention walls (3); The colorful flower and tree leisure and fitness area (III) is located above the wetland shrub terraced ecological stagnation area (II). Through the scientific arrangement of ornamental flower and tree groups (6) and leisure and fitness garden paths (8), a colorful garden landscape is created, forming a lakeside wetland recreation area with leisure and sightseeing functions and health and fitness functions.

2. The lakeside terraced wetland ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aquatic plants (2) are a combination of three or more of reed, oriental cattail, cyperus rotundus, black sedge, yellow iris, pickerel grass, zizanioides, cattail grass, and sedge, and the planting method is random block dense planting with a planting density of 30 to 45 plants per square meter.

3. The lakeside terraced wetland ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wetland shrubs (4) are any combination of four or more of the following: chestnut elm, rough-leaved elm, red elm, beautiful Lespedeza, golden spirea, rhombus-leaved spirea, and Prunus mume, and the planting method is dense planting in small blocks in the shape of a triangle, with each block covering an area of ​​2 to 6 square meters and a planting spacing of 25 to 35 centimeters; the climbing plants (5) are any combination of two or more of the following: honeysuckle, clematis, trachelospermum, and pink rose, and the planting spacing is 15 to 20 centimeters.

4. The lakeside terraced wetland ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ecological retention wall (3) is formed by stacking ecological slope protection bricks (31) up and down. The appearance after the bricks are built is a natural streamline. The vertical projection spacing of the ecological retention wall (3) is arranged according to Table 1: Table 1 Changes in vertical projection spacing of ecological retention walls 。 5. The lakeside terraced wetland ecological restoration method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The side view of the ecological slope protection brick (31) is an inverted "concave" shape, the cross section is a bottle shadow shape, and the surface is naturally smoothed; the ecological slope protection brick (31) is 35 cm high, the upper top surface (11) is rectangular, and the specifications are 35 cm × 45 cm. A 5 cm × 8 cm transverse small hole (14) is provided at the central position of the lower bottom surface (12), and the direction of the small hole (14) is parallel to the short side of the upper top surface (11); the left side (13c) and the right side (13d) are both provided with a "T"-shaped groove, the transverse groove (15) of the "T"-shaped groove is located 5 cm below the long ridge of the upper top surface (11), and the width and depth are both 3 cm. The longitudinal groove (16) of the "T"-shaped groove is perpendicular to the transverse groove (15) and directly passes through the small hole (14), and the width and depth are also 3 cm.

6. The lakeside terraced wetland ecological restoration method according to claim 5, characterized in that: There are two ways to stack the ecological slope protection bricks (31). One is a same-direction stacking method, that is, all ecological slope protection bricks (31) are stacked with their upper top surfaces (11) facing upwards, and are stacked in staggered positions. When viewed from the side, only small holes (14) are distributed. The other is a different-direction stacking method, that is, the small holes (14) of the two upper layers of ecological slope protection bricks (31) are surrounded inwards, and the small holes (14) of the bottom ecological slope protection bricks (31) are facing downwards and are staggered with the two upper layers of ecological slope protection bricks (31). When viewed from the side, large holes (17) and small holes (14) are distributed.

7. The lakeside terraced wetland ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ornamental flower and tree group (6) is formed by a natural combination of metasequoia, camphor, osmanthus, red leaf plum, purple magnolia, Japanese maple, dogwood, and four-o'clock; the lower part of the vertical projection of the ground tree species is enclosed by tree pool bricks (71) to form an irregular tree pool (7), the shape of the tree pool (7) is equivalent to the vertical projection shape of the crown of the ground tree species, and garden waste is scattered in the tree pool (7).

8. The lakeside terraced wetland ecological restoration method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The material of the tree pit surrounding bricks (71) is porous concrete, and the outer shape is a hollow diamond, with an outer edge (18) of 25 cm in length, an inner edge (19) of 5 cm in length, a thickness of 3.5 to 4 cm, and a diamond hole (20) formed in the center; the tree pit surrounding bricks (71) are stacked in a "212" splicing method with the pointed ends facing upwards, that is, they are stacked in the order of 2 layers, 1 layer, and 2 layers, and uniform diamond holes (20) are formed on the surface of the enclosed tree pit (7), which is half buried in the soil around the tree.

9. The lakeside terraced wetland ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The leisure and fitness garden road (8) is arranged 60 cm away from the highest ecological retention wall (3), is naturally streamlined, has a width of 5 to 6 meters, and is paved with colored plastic with a thickness of 3 cm to form a leisure and fitness trail.

10. The lakeside terraced wetland ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The construction steps are: Step 1: Clean the slope surface and remove solid pollutants; Step 2: Desilt the water body and trim the flow line; Step 3: Plant aquatic plants below the high water level; Step 4: Build ecological retention walls on the slope and plant wetland shrubs and climbing plants; Step 5: Build a leisure and fitness park road on the top of the slope; Step 6: Plant ornamental flowers and trees, build tree pools, and conduct final acceptance.

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