A method, system and device for three-dimensional geological modeling of a surface outcrop of a foreland basin

Abstract

The application discloses a front land basin surface outcrop three-dimensional geological modeling method, system and device, which comprises the following steps: superimposing research area surface elevation data and a geological map, stereoscopically displaying the geological map and matching the actual surface outcrop stratum; establishing a research area surface outcrop stratum information comprehensive table by combining the geological map through field outcrop geological investigation; superimposing a two-dimensional seismic profile and a three-dimensional geological map, cutting to obtain a modeling range, performing surface layer interpretation according to the research area surface outcrop stratum information comprehensive table, and establishing a shallow geological structure model; calibrating a layer according to research area drilling data, establishing an underground deep geological structure model; and performing three-dimensional space structure modeling according to a geological map and field investigation understanding through computer three-dimensional reconstruction technology in a region without seismic data, and establishing a surface outcrop three-dimensional structure geological model. The application has low operation cost, controllable modeling time, high rationality and reliability of the model, and saves exploration cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of oil and gas exploration and relates to a method, system and device for three-dimensional geological modeling of surface outcrops in foreland basins. Background Technology

[0002] Foreland basins are complex basins formed under intense compressive stress, characterized by strong tectonic deformation, significant variations in strata and fault attitudes, and complex structural patterns. This makes seismic data acquisition and processing challenging, and structural modeling prone to multiple interpretations. The Tarim Basin, with its two foreland thrust belts—one in front of the southern Tianshan Mountains and the other in front of the Kunlun Mountains—has undergone multiple tectonic movements during the Caledonian, Hercynian, Indosinian, Yanshanian, and Himalayan orogenies, resulting in its current complex surface and subsurface structures. Structural interpretation based solely on seismic data struggles to establish structural models that accurately reflect the true geological structure, severely hindering the development of reasonable structural models and trap identification in the Tarim Basin's foreland region. Therefore, conducting multi-information 3D structural geological modeling of surface outcrops in complex foreland areas is crucial for establishing reasonable structural geological models and guiding oil and gas exploration in the region.

[0003] There are currently three main methods for structural modeling of complex foreland areas: (1) structural interpretation based on seismic data; (2) sandbox physical simulation and numerical simulation experiments based on geological models; and (3) surface modeling based on field outcrops.

[0004] The above three methods are commonly used structural modeling methods for complex foreland areas and have played an important role in oil and gas exploration. However, they still have limitations: (1) The quality of seismic data in foreland areas is generally not high, and most of them are two-dimensional seismic data. Seismic data interpretation methods are constrained by the quality of seismic data and the work experience and geological knowledge of the interpreters. They are highly ambiguous and it is difficult to verify the rationality of the structural model; (2) Sandbox physical simulation and numerical simulation methods of geological concept models are difficult to reflect the actual geological model deformation process. The simulation results are significantly different from the actual geological conditions; (3) The surface modeling method of outcrops in the field can only meet the geological structure modeling of shallow layers of the surface and cannot be perfectly combined with seismic data to solve the problem of underground structural modeling. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems in the prior art and provide a method, system and device for three-dimensional geological modeling of surface outcrops in foreland basins. By comprehensively integrating information, a reasonable geological model is established to guide the identification of traps and oil and gas exploration in complex foreland areas.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution:

[0007] A three-dimensional geological modeling method for surface outcrops in foreland basins includes:

[0008] The geological map of the study area is simplified, and based on the simplified geological map, surface elevation data volumes with the same range as the geological map are collected.

[0009] A three-dimensional geological map is constructed based on surface elevation data and simplified geological maps.

[0010] Collect geological information on outcrops in the field and, in conjunction with three-dimensional geological maps, establish a comprehensive table of surface outcrop strata information;

[0011] The 2D seismic data volume is processed to obtain 2D seismic profiles, and the 2D seismic profiles are overlaid with 3D geological maps to cut out the area required for modeling.

[0012] Within the scope of model construction, based on the comprehensive table of surface exposed strata information, the surface calibration and seismic guide layers of the two-dimensional seismic profile are performed to establish a shallow geological structure model.

[0013] Based on drilling data of the study area, drilling strata and 2D seismic profile strata were calibrated. Based on the calibration results, stratigraphic and fault interpretations were performed on the 2D seismic profiles, and a deep underground geological structure model was established.

[0014] For areas lacking two-dimensional seismic data volumes, a geological structure model of the areas lacking two-dimensional seismic data volumes is constructed based on geological maps and a comprehensive table of surface exposed strata information.

[0015] Based on shallow geological structure models, deep underground geological structure models, and geological structure models of areas lacking two-dimensional seismic data volumes, a three-dimensional structural geological model of surface outcrops is constructed.

[0016] A further improvement of the present invention is that:

[0017] The geological map of the study area was simplified by inputting it into the Shuanghu software to display the stratigraphic names, stratigraphic distribution, contact relationships between stratigraphic strata, distribution of faults, and distribution of unconformities.

[0018] Based on the simplified geological map, surface elevation data volumes consistent with the geological map area were collected, specifically: downloading and studying the geological data of the study area. Figure Four The surface elevation data volume (x, y, z) within the range where the geodetic coordinates (x, y) of each angle are consistent.

[0019] A three-dimensional geological map is constructed based on surface elevation data and a simplified geological map, as follows:

[0020] Import the surface elevation data volume into 3DMove or Petrel geological modeling software to generate a three-dimensional data volume; convert the geological map into an image format, import the image into 3DMove or Petrel geological modeling software according to the actual geodetic coordinates (x,y) of the geological map in the study area, and overlay the three-dimensional data volume and the geological map of the study area to form a three-dimensional geological map.

[0021] Geological information on outcrops in the field was collected, and combined with three-dimensional geological maps, a comprehensive table of surface outcrop strata information was established; specifically:

[0022] The geodetic coordinates (x, y) data points along the acquisition path of the two-dimensional seismic data volume in the study area were used as the path for field geological investigation. Field outcrop geological investigation was carried out, and combined with the three-dimensional geological map, a comprehensive table of surface outcrop strata information along the acquisition path of the two-dimensional seismic data volume was established, including stratum name, stratum attitude, stratum contact relationship and fault attitude.

[0023] The 2D seismic data volume is processed to obtain 2D seismic profiles; specifically:

[0024] Import the 2D seismic data volume into 3DMove or Petrel modeling software, and the 2D seismic data volume will present a 2D seismic profile; the 2D seismic data volume is in sgy format.

[0025] Drilling data for the study area includes: electrical logging curves, lithology and stratigraphic data tables;

[0026] The drilling strata and 2D seismic profile strata are calibrated. Based on the calibration results, the stratigraphy and faults of the 2D seismic profile are interpreted, and a deep underground geological structure model is established. Specifically, the drilling strata and 2D seismic profile strata are calibrated using sonic synthesized recording or VSP technology. Based on the calibration results, the 2D seismic profile is interpreted by stratigraphic tracing and fine interpretation of faults, and a deep underground geological structure model is established.

[0027] It also includes verifying the deep underground geological structure model; specifically, based on the principle of area conservation, the deep underground geological structure model is restored and verified layer by layer using the equilibrium profile restoration technology, and the rationality of the deep underground geological structure model is verified.

[0028] A three-dimensional geological modeling system for foreland basin outcrops includes:

[0029] A simplification module is used to simplify the geological map in the study area and, based on the simplified geological map, collect surface elevation data volumes with the same range as the geological map.

[0030] A three-dimensional geological map construction module, which constructs a three-dimensional geological map based on surface elevation data and a simplified geological map;

[0031] The comprehensive table construction module is used to collect geological information of outcrops in the field and, in combination with three-dimensional geological maps, establish a comprehensive table of surface outcrop strata information.

[0032] The cutting module is used to process the two-dimensional seismic data volume, obtain the two-dimensional seismic profile, and overlay the two-dimensional seismic profile with the three-dimensional geological map to cut out the range required for modeling.

[0033] The first model construction module is used to perform surface calibration and seismic strata identification on the two-dimensional seismic profile within the scope of model construction, based on the comprehensive table of surface exposed strata information, and to establish a shallow geological structure model.

[0034] The second model construction module is used to calibrate the drilling strata and the two-dimensional seismic profile strata based on the drilling data of the study area, interpret the stratigraphy and faults of the two-dimensional seismic profile based on the calibration results, and establish a deep underground geological structure model.

[0035] The third model construction module is used to construct a geological structure model of the area where the two-dimensional seismic data volume is missing, based on the geological map and the comprehensive table of surface exposed strata information.

[0036] The fourth model construction module constructs a three-dimensional structural geological model of the surface outcrops based on the shallow geological structure model, the deep underground geological structure model, and the geological structure model of the area where the two-dimensional seismic data volume is missing.

[0037] A terminal device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method described above.

[0038] A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described method.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0040] This invention constructs a comprehensive table of surface outcrop strata information based on two-dimensional seismic data and information obtained from field investigations. Combined with geological maps, it obtains geological structure models of areas missing from the two-dimensional seismic data, effectively compensating for the lack of two-dimensional seismic data. At the same time, it constructs three-dimensional geological models of field outcrops, providing theoretical basis and work guidance for practical work. This invention has low operating costs, controllable modeling time, and high rationality and reliability of the model, greatly saving exploration costs. Attached Figure Description

[0041] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a three-dimensional geological modeling method for foreland basin surface outcrops according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is another flowchart of the three-dimensional geological modeling method for foreland basin outcrops according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a composite image of a geological map and a surface elevation of a certain area.

[0045] Figure 4 Modeling diagrams of surface and subsurface structures; a) a photograph taken during a field geological survey reflecting stratigraphic contact relationships; b) another photograph taken during a field geological survey reflecting stratigraphic contact relationships; c) a shallow geological structure model;

[0046] Figure 5 A three-dimensional geological structure map of a specific location in a certain region;

[0047] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structural geological model of a surface outcrop at a certain location in a certain region;

[0048] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structural geological model with multiple information on surface outcrops in a certain area;

[0049] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of a three-dimensional geological modeling system for foreland basin surface outcrops, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0050] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0051] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0052] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0053] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "horizontal," or "inner" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of the invention is in use, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Furthermore, terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0054] Furthermore, the use of the term "horizontal" does not imply that the component must be absolutely horizontal, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0055] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0056] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0057] SeeFigure 1 and Figure 2 This invention discloses a three-dimensional geological modeling method for outcrops in foreland basins, comprising:

[0058] S101, simplify the geological map of the study area, and collect surface elevation data volume with the same range as the simplified geological map based on the simplified geological map.

[0059] The geological maps in the study area were simplified by inputting them into the Shuanghu software to clearly display the stratigraphic names, stratigraphic distribution, contact relationships between stratigraphic strata, distribution of faults, and distribution of unconformities.

[0060] Based on the simplified geological map, surface elevation data volumes consistent with the map's coverage were collected. Specifically, this involved downloading the geological data for the study area from the official website of the Geospatial Data Cloud. Figure Four The surface elevation data volume (x, y, z) within the range where the geodetic coordinates (x, y) of each angle are consistent.

[0061] S102, based on surface elevation data and simplified geological maps, constructs a three-dimensional geological map.

[0062] Import the downloaded surface elevation data volume into geological modeling software such as 3DMove or Petrel to generate a 3D data volume. Convert the geological map into an image format, and import the image into 3DMove or Petrel geological modeling software according to the actual geodetic coordinates (x, y) of the geological map of the study area. Then, overlay the 3D data volume and the geological map of the study area to form a 3D geological map; this allows the geological map to be displayed in three dimensions and to match the actual exposed strata on the surface.

[0063] S103 collects geological information on outcrops in the field and, in conjunction with three-dimensional geological maps, establishes a comprehensive table of surface outcrop strata information.

[0064] The geological map of the study area was opened using the Shuanghu software, and the geodetic coordinates (x, y) data points of the selected 2D seismic data volume acquisition path within the study area were imported as the path for field geological investigation. Detailed geological investigations of the outcrops were conducted along the field geological investigation path. Combined with the 3D geological map, a comprehensive table of surface outcrop stratigraphic information along the 2D seismic data volume acquisition path was established, including stratigraphic names, stratigraphic attitudes, stratigraphic contact relationships, and fault attitudes.

[0065] S104 processes the 2D seismic data volume to obtain 2D seismic profiles, and overlays the 2D seismic profiles with the 3D geological map to cut out the area required for modeling.

[0066] Import the 2D seismic data volume into 3DMove or Petrel modeling software, and the 2D seismic data volume will present a 2D seismic profile; the 2D seismic data volume is in sgy format.

[0067] The two-dimensional seismic profile is overlaid with the three-dimensional geological map, and then the area required for modeling is cut out. Generally, it can be extended to the boundary of the geological map according to the needs of the study, in order to prepare for the establishment of a structural model reflecting the basin-mountain relationship.

[0068] S105, within the scope of model construction, based on the comprehensive table of surface exposed strata information, the surface calibration and seismic guide layers of the two-dimensional seismic profile are performed to establish a shallow geological structure model.

[0069] S106. Based on drilling data of the study area, drilling strata and 2D seismic profile strata are calibrated. Based on the calibration results, stratigraphic and fault interpretations are performed on the 2D seismic profiles, and a deep underground geological structure model is established.

[0070] Drilling data for the study area includes: electrical logging curves, lithology and stratigraphic data tables; based on the data from completed wells in the study area, well stratification and 2D seismic profile stratification are calibrated using sonic logging or VSP technology; based on the calibration results, stratigraphic tracing interpretation is performed on the 2D seismic profile, and detailed fault interpretation is performed on the 2D seismic profile to establish a deep underground geological structure model.

[0071] Based on the principle of area conservation, the deep underground geological structure model was restored layer by layer using the equilibrium profile restoration technology to verify its rationality.

[0072] S107. For areas where two-dimensional seismic data volumes are missing, a geological structure model of the missing areas is constructed based on geological maps and a comprehensive table of surface exposed strata information.

[0073] The areas where 2D seismic data volumes are missing are areas where seismic data were not acquired due to surface factors.

[0074] S108, based on shallow geological structure models, deep underground geological structure models, and geological structure models of areas lacking two-dimensional seismic data volumes, constructs a three-dimensional structural geological model of surface outcrops.

[0075] By using computer-aided 3D reconstruction technology and geological modeling software such as 3DMove or Petrel, shallow structural models, deep geological structural models, and geological structural models of areas lacking 2D seismic data volumes are integrated to form a 3D spatial structural geological model that combines surface outcrops, geological maps, and 2D seismic profiles. Ultimately, a reasonable multi-information 3D structural geological model of surface outcrops is established.

[0076] Specific embodiments of the present invention:

[0077] (1) Use Shuanghu software to simplify the geological map of Keping area, so that the geological map of Keping area only retains the stratigraphic name, distribution information of stratigraphic layers of different ages, stratigraphic attitude data (dip, dip angle), distribution information of stratigraphic unconformity, and fault distribution information.

[0078] (2) Open the geological map of Keping area using Shuanghu software and read the geological data. Figure Four Given the coordinates of the four corners a (x1, y1), b (x2, y2), c (x3, y3), and d (x4, y4), download the surface elevation data volume A (x, y, z) within the range corresponding to the coordinates of points a, b, c, and d from the official website of the Geospatial Data Cloud. Import the downloaded surface elevation data volume A (x, y, z) into geological modeling software such as 3DMove or Petrel to generate a 3D data volume. Use Shuanghu software to export the geological map of Keping area as an image (png or jpg format). Import this image into geological modeling software such as 3DMove or Petrel according to the coordinates of the four corners a, b, c, and d of the Keping area geological map. Overlay the 3D data volume with the geological map of Keping area to form a 3D geological map of Keping area, so that the geological map of Keping area can be displayed in three dimensions and match the actual exposed strata on the surface (see attached). Figure 3 ).

[0079] (3) Open the geological map of Keping area using Shuanghu software, and import the geodetic coordinates (x, y) data points of the selected two-dimensional seismic data volume (kp) acquisition path in Keping area as the path for field geological investigation in Keping area. Conduct detailed geological investigations of outcrops along the field geological investigation path in Keping area. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 a and Figure 4 b. Based on the three-dimensional geological map of Keping area, establish a comprehensive table of surface exposed strata information along the two-dimensional seismic data acquisition path, including strata name, strata attitude, strata contact relationship, and fault attitude.

[0080] (4) Import the two-dimensional seismic data volume kp (sgy format) into geological modeling software such as 3DMove or Petrel, so that the two-dimensional seismic data volume kp presents a two-dimensional seismic profile. Overlay the two-dimensional seismic profile with the three-dimensional geological map of Keping area, and then cut out the range required for modeling (generally, it can be extended to the boundary of the geological map according to the needs of the research, in order to prepare for the establishment of a structural model reflecting the basin-mountain relationship). Based on the comprehensive table of surface exposed strata information along the acquisition path of the two-dimensional seismic data volume kp, combined with the field geological survey in Keping area, connect the surface exposed strata with the seismic profile to achieve the organic unity of the surface exposed strata and the seismic strata, and establish a shallow geological structure model. Figure 4 c).

[0081] (5) Based on the data of the completed wells in the Keping area (electric logging curves, lithology, stratigraphic data tables, etc.), the drilling stratification and two-dimensional seismic profile stratification are calibrated using sonic logging or VSP technology. Based on the calibration results, the two-dimensional seismic profile is interpreted by stratigraphic tracking, and the two-dimensional seismic profile is interpreted by detailed fault interpretation to establish a deep underground geological structure model.

[0082] (6) Based on the principle of area conservation, the deep underground geological structure model of Keping area was restored and verified layer by layer using the equilibrium profile restoration technology to determine the rationality of the deep underground geological structure model.

[0083] (7) For areas in Keping where two-dimensional seismic data volumes are missing (areas where seismic data were not collected due to surface factors), a geological structure model of the areas where two-dimensional seismic data volumes are missing is established based on the geological map of Keping and the comprehensive table of surface exposed strata information. Figure 5 ).

[0084] (8) Using computer three-dimensional reconstruction technology, geological modeling software such as 3DMove or Petrel is used to integrate the shallow structural model, deep geological structural model and geological structural model of the area where two-dimensional seismic data volume is missing in the Keping area, forming a three-dimensional spatial structural geological model that combines surface outcrops, geological maps and two-dimensional seismic profiles. Figure 6 Finally, a reasonable three-dimensional structural geological model of the surface outcrops in the Keping area was established. Figure 7 ).

[0085] A multi-information 3D structural geological model of the Keping Uplift surface outcrops supports the study of traps in this area and the deployment of the Keping-1 risk well. Located on the northwestern edge of the Tarim Basin, the Keping Uplift belongs to the tectonically complex foreland region of the Tarim Basin, with low exploration levels, poor seismic data quality, and complex surface and subsurface structural deformations, resulting in multiple interpretations of the structural model. Using this method, the interpretation of the latest seismic data, combined with geological outcrop and drilling data, was used to establish a multi-information 3D structural geological model of the surface outcrops in this area. It was recognized that the structural deformation of the Keping Uplift is characterized by east-west segmentation and north-south zonation. The east-west trend exhibits a "seesaw" sedimentary characteristic. The central Piqiang Member has a thick Middle Cambrian salt layer, mainly developing subsalt thrust structures and oversalt reverse detachment structures; the eastern and western sections mainly develop basement involvement structures. The Carboniferous Keping fold-thrust zone contains a first-stage paleo-uplift structure. The Kangkelin Formation, deposited in the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian, exhibits filling and repair characteristics. The Piqiang Member has two phases of fault development. The early stage was caused by Hercynian faults, and the later stage by Himalayan faults. The Carboniferous paleo-uplift was controlled by the early faults. The salt-slip structures formed during the Himalayan stage played a role in sealing and preserving the underlying potential paleo-oil reservoirs. These findings spurred the drilling of the risky Ketan-1 well.

[0086] See Figure 8This invention discloses a three-dimensional geological modeling system for foreland basin outcrops, comprising:

[0087] A simplification module is used to simplify the geological map in the study area and, based on the simplified geological map, collect surface elevation data volumes with the same range as the geological map.

[0088] A three-dimensional geological map construction module, which constructs a three-dimensional geological map based on surface elevation data and a simplified geological map;

[0089] The comprehensive table construction module is used to collect geological information of outcrops in the field and, in combination with three-dimensional geological maps, establish a comprehensive table of surface outcrop strata information.

[0090] The cutting module is used to process the two-dimensional seismic data volume, obtain the two-dimensional seismic profile, and overlay the two-dimensional seismic profile with the three-dimensional geological map to cut out the range required for modeling.

[0091] The first model construction module is used to perform surface calibration and seismic strata identification on the two-dimensional seismic profile within the scope of model construction, based on the comprehensive table of surface exposed strata information, and to establish a shallow geological structure model.

[0092] The second model construction module is used to calibrate the drilling strata and the two-dimensional seismic profile strata based on the drilling data of the study area, interpret the stratigraphy and faults of the two-dimensional seismic profile based on the calibration results, and establish a deep underground geological structure model.

[0093] The third model construction module is used to construct a geological structure model of the area where the two-dimensional seismic data volume is missing, based on the geological map and the comprehensive table of surface exposed strata information.

[0094] The fourth model construction module constructs a three-dimensional structural geological model of the surface outcrops based on the shallow geological structure model, the deep underground geological structure model, and the geological structure model of the area where the two-dimensional seismic data volume is missing.

[0095] An embodiment of the present invention provides a terminal device. This terminal device includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps in the various method embodiments described above. Alternatively, when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the functions of each module / unit in the various device embodiments described above.

[0096] The computer program can be divided into one or more modules / units, which are stored in the memory and executed by the processor to complete the present invention.

[0097] The terminal device may be a desktop computer, laptop, handheld computer, or cloud server, etc. The terminal device may include, but is not limited to, a processor and a memory.

[0098] The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.

[0099] The memory can be used to store the computer program and / or module. The processor implements various functions of the terminal device by running or executing the computer program and / or module stored in the memory and calling the data stored in the memory.

[0100] If the modules / units integrated into the terminal device are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can also be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of the various method embodiments described above. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable files, or certain intermediate forms. The computer-readable medium can include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording media, USB flash drives, portable hard drives, magnetic disks, optical disks, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signals, telecommunication signals, and software distribution media, etc. It should be noted that the content included in the computer-readable medium can be appropriately added or removed according to the requirements of legislation and patent practice in the jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, computer-readable media do not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0101] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for three-dimensional geological modeling of surface outcrops in foreland basins, characterized in that, include: The geological map of the study area is simplified, and based on the simplified geological map, surface elevation data volumes with the same range as the geological map are collected. A three-dimensional geological map is constructed based on surface elevation data and simplified geological maps. Collect geological information on outcrops in the field and combine it with three-dimensional geological maps to establish a comprehensive table of surface outcrop strata information; The two-dimensional seismic data volume is processed to obtain two-dimensional seismic profiles, and the two-dimensional seismic profiles are overlaid with three-dimensional geological maps to cut out the area required for modeling. Within the scope of model construction, based on the comprehensive table of surface exposed strata information, the surface calibration and seismic guide layers of the two-dimensional seismic profile are performed to establish a shallow geological structure model. Based on drilling data of the study area, drilling strata and 2D seismic profile strata were calibrated. Based on the calibration results, stratigraphic and fault interpretations were performed on the 2D seismic profiles, and a deep underground geological structure model was established. For areas lacking two-dimensional seismic data volumes, a geological structure model of the areas lacking two-dimensional seismic data volumes is constructed based on geological maps and a comprehensive table of surface exposed strata information. Based on shallow geological structure models, deep underground geological structure models, and geological structure models of areas lacking two-dimensional seismic data volumes, a three-dimensional structural geological model of surface outcrops is constructed.

2. The three-dimensional geological modeling method for foreland basin surface outcrops according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of simplifying the geological map in the study area involves inputting the geological map into Shuanghu software for simplification, displaying the stratigraphic names, stratigraphic distribution, contact relationships between stratigraphic strata, distribution of faults, and distribution of unconformities in the geological map. Based on the simplified geological map, the surface elevation data volume with the same range as the geological map is collected. Specifically, the surface elevation data volume (x, y, z) within the range that is consistent with the geodetic coordinates (x, y) of the four corners of the geological map of the study area is downloaded.

3. The three-dimensional geological modeling method for foreland basin outcrops according to claim 2, characterized in that, The three-dimensional geological map is constructed based on the surface elevation data volume and the simplified geological map, specifically as follows: Import the surface elevation data volume into 3DMove or Petrel geological modeling software to generate a three-dimensional data volume; convert the geological map into an image format, import the image into 3DMove or Petrel geological modeling software according to the actual geodetic coordinates (x,y) of the geological map in the study area, and overlay the three-dimensional data volume and the geological map of the study area to form a three-dimensional geological map.

4. The three-dimensional geological modeling method for foreland basin outcrops according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process involves collecting geological information from outcrops in the field and combining it with three-dimensional geological maps to establish a comprehensive table of surface outcrop strata information; specifically: The geodetic coordinates (x, y) data points along the acquisition path of the two-dimensional seismic data volume in the study area were used as the path for field geological investigation. Field outcrop geological investigation was carried out, and combined with the three-dimensional geological map, a comprehensive table of surface outcrop strata information along the acquisition path of the two-dimensional seismic data volume was established, including stratum name, stratum attitude, stratum contact relationship and fault attitude.

5. The three-dimensional geological modeling method for foreland basin outcrops according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of processing the two-dimensional seismic data volume to obtain a two-dimensional seismic profile is as follows: Import the 2D seismic data volume into 3DMove or Petrel modeling software, and the 2D seismic data volume will present a 2D seismic profile; the 2D seismic data volume is in sgy format.

6. The three-dimensional geological modeling method for foreland basin surface outcrops according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drilling data for the study area includes: electrical logging curves, lithology and stratigraphic data tables; The process involves calibrating well strata and 2D seismic profile strata, interpreting stratigraphy and faults based on the calibration results, and establishing a deep underground geological structure model. Specifically, this involves using sonic synthesized recording or VSP technology to calibrate well strata and 2D seismic profile strata, interpreting the stratigraphic position of the 2D seismic profile based on the calibration results, performing detailed fault interpretation on the 2D seismic profile, and establishing a deep underground geological structure model.

7. The three-dimensional geological modeling method for foreland basin outcrops according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes verifying the deep underground geological structure model; specifically, based on the principle of area conservation, the deep underground geological structure model is restored and verified layer by layer using the equilibrium profile restoration technology, and the rationality of the deep underground geological structure model is verified.

8. A three-dimensional geological modeling system for surface outcrops in a foreland basin, characterized in that, include: A simplification module is used to simplify the geological map in the study area and, based on the simplified geological map, collect surface elevation data volumes with the same range as the geological map. A three-dimensional geological map construction module, which constructs a three-dimensional geological map based on surface elevation data and a simplified geological map; The comprehensive table construction module is used to collect geological information of outcrops in the field and, in conjunction with a three-dimensional geological map, establish a comprehensive table of surface outcrop strata information. The cutting module is used to process the two-dimensional seismic data volume, obtain the two-dimensional seismic profile, and overlay the two-dimensional seismic profile with the three-dimensional geological map to cut out the range required for modeling. The first model construction module is used to perform surface calibration and seismic strata identification on the two-dimensional seismic profile within the scope of model construction, based on the comprehensive table of surface exposed strata information, and to establish a shallow geological structure model. The second model construction module is used to calibrate the drilling strata and the two-dimensional seismic profile strata based on the drilling data of the study area, interpret the stratigraphy and faults of the two-dimensional seismic profile based on the calibration results, and establish a deep underground geological structure model. The third model construction module is used to construct a geological structure model of the area where the two-dimensional seismic data volume is missing, based on the geological map and the comprehensive table of surface exposed strata information. The fourth model construction module constructs a three-dimensional structural geological model of the surface outcrops based on the shallow geological structure model, the deep underground geological structure model, and the geological structure model of the area where the two-dimensional seismic data volume is missing.

9. A terminal device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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