Water-rich karst stratum tunnel lining grouting reinforcement device and automatic grout supplementing method

Abstract

The application discloses a water-rich karst stratum tunnel lining grouting reinforcement device and an automatic grout supplementing method, relates to the field of tunnel operation maintenance and repair, and comprises a stirring-pumping integrated device for stirring and pumping, a grouting pipe and a drainage pipe arranged on a tunnel lining, the grouting pipe and the drainage pipe are arranged in parallel and circumferentially on a soil-facing surface of the lining and are both communicated with the stirring-pumping integrated device, a drainage sensing valve for controlling opening and closing of the drainage pipe is arranged on the drainage pipe, acoustic wave early warning devices are arranged on a vault, left and right haunches, left and right side walls, left and right arch feet and an arch bottom of the lining, a plurality of sensing pressure valves for controlling grouting pressure and monitoring external pressure change are arranged on the grouting pipe, and the sensing pressure valves are arranged close to the acoustic wave early warning devices; the water-rich karst stratum tunnel lining grouting reinforcement device and the automatic grout supplementing method are rationally designed, are not limited to the complicated operation of traditional manual grout supplementing, can realize real-time monitoring of environmental change of the soil-facing surface of the tunnel lining, and can realize recycling of underground water.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel operation, maintenance and upkeep, and specifically to a grouting reinforcement device and automatic grouting method for tunnel lining in water-rich karst strata. Background Technology

[0002] High-pressure, water-rich karst tunnels are characterized by poor surrounding rock properties and high porosity, resulting in numerous voids and fissures within the rock mass. These voids provide storage space and circulation channels for groundwater, keeping the rock mass in a perpetually water-saturated state. This adverse geological feature severely compromises the stability of the surrounding rock. Consequently, tunnel construction in karst areas is often accompanied by hazards such as water inrush, mudslides, and collapses, which endanger construction workers and equipment, leading to project shutdowns or even forced rerouting.

[0003] Traditional grouting processes are complex, requiring multiple pump starts, grouting, and pressure increases to a specified value, repeated until the pressure stabilizes at the designated level and no longer drops. After grouting, the grouting pipe is cut off along the root of the hole with a hand grinder, and the damaged parts of the lining concrete surface are cleaned before the pipe is pulled out. Then, a pre-prepared adhesive is evenly applied to the concrete surface at the defective area, and finally, the grouting hole is sealed. In water-rich karst strata where large deformations and sudden water inrushes frequently occur, this necessitates multiple grouting reinforcement treatments. Repeated hole opening and sealing can easily cause irreversible and serious damage to the lining structure. Currently, there is no suitable grouting reinforcement method that can continuously replenish grout while minimizing the negative impact on the lining structure. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a grouting reinforcement device and an automatic grouting method for tunnel lining in water-rich karst strata, so as to achieve the purpose of drainage and recycling in water-rich strata, and at the same time, to reduce the structural damage to the lining structure caused by repeated opening and sealing of holes in the traditional grouting method.

[0005] The grouting reinforcement device and automatic grouting method for tunnel lining in water-rich karst strata provided by this invention adopt the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, a grouting reinforcement device for tunnel lining in water-rich karst strata includes an integrated pump and mixer for mixing and delivering grout, a grout delivery pipe and a drainage pipe installed on the tunnel lining. The grout delivery pipe and the drainage pipe are arranged side by side and circumferentially wrapped around the soil-facing surface of the lining and are both connected to the integrated pump and mixer. The drainage pipe is equipped with a drainage sensing valve for controlling the opening and closing of the drainage pipe. The arch crown, left and right arch waists, left and right sidewalls, left and right arch feet and arch bottom of the lining are all equipped with acoustic early warning devices for emitting sound waves to detect the location and size of the separation between the tunnel lining and the strata. The grout delivery pipe is equipped with multiple sensing pressure valves for controlling the grouting pressure and monitoring changes in external pressure. The sensing pressure valves are located close to the acoustic early warning devices.

[0007] Furthermore, the integrated pump and agitator includes a base and a pump, a brake motor, a slurry delivery channel, and a slurry mixer mounted on the base. The slurry delivery pipe is connected to the slurry delivery channel, and the drainage pipe is connected to the slurry mixer.

[0008] Furthermore, the end of the drain pipe near the slurry mixer is provided with a drain branch pipe that passes through the lining, and the drain sensing valve is installed on the drain branch pipe.

[0009] Furthermore, the drainage branch pipe is also equipped with a filter for filtering water.

[0010] Furthermore, a pressure gauge is installed on the valve cover of the pressure-sensing valve.

[0011] Furthermore, the acoustic warning devices are densely installed at the arch top, arch bottom, and other particularly dangerous locations on the soil-facing side of the lining.

[0012] Secondly, an automatic grouting method for tunnel lining in water-rich karst strata includes the following steps:

[0013] S1. Add sufficient solid grouting material of appropriate proportion to the slurry mixer of the integrated pump and mixer device in advance, and seal and store the slurry mixer.

[0014] S2. The sound wave early warning device emits sound waves to detect the location and size of the separation between the tunnel lining and the stratum, and remotely monitors the status of the early warning device in real time. When the early warning device issues an alarm, the drainage sensor valve on the drainage branch pipe opens immediately, and the groundwater enters the grout mixer after being filtered by the water filtration equipment. At this time, the amount of filtered water can be adjusted according to the fluidity and initial and final setting time required for grouting as indicated by the early warning device. With the support of the brake motor, it is mixed with the solid grouting material pre-added inside.

[0015] S3. After mixing, adjust the pump to the pumping position and continuously pump the liquid mixed grouting material into the grouting pipe until the entire grouting pipe is filled.

[0016] S4. The pressure sensing valve of the grout delivery pipe can simultaneously sense the pressure inside and outside the pipe. Under normal conditions, it is subjected to the earth pressure of the stratum, and its dial has an initial value, denoted as P1. When large deformation of the stratum causes separation of the lining from the stratum and the formation of cavities in the solution cavity, the pressure gauge needle drops and the pressure decreases. When the pressure P2 is less than P1, the pressure valve immediately opens, and the pump continues to work, delivering grout to the soil-facing surface of the lining through the pressure sensing valve until the grout pressure reaches the preset value required by the project, at which point the valve automatically closes. When there are signs of sudden water inrush at the soil-facing surface of the lining, the external water pressure increases sharply. When the external pressure sensed by the pressure sensing valve increases sharply to P3, which is much greater than P1, drainage intervention is immediately initiated. Subsequently, the valve automatically opens to automatically deliver grout, and the valve can also automatically close when the grout reaches the preset pressure.

[0017] S5. After the grouting process is completed, the drainage branch pipe should be kept open, the pump speed should be increased, and the filtered groundwater should be continuously injected into the grouting pipe for pipe flushing. Then, the pump should be switched from grouting to water suction to recover the wastewater from the grouting channel and enter the grout mixer. Finally, the grout mixer should be cleaned in a timely manner.

[0018] In summary, this invention offers at least one of the following advantages: The grouting reinforcement device and automatic grouting method for tunnel lining in water-rich karst strata are rationally designed, eliminating the cumbersome traditional manual grouting process. It not only allows for real-time monitoring of environmental changes at the tunnel lining's facing surface but also enables the recycling of groundwater. After pre-adding solid grouting material, it automatically completes the mixing, pumping, stopping, and cleaning functions of the grouting process. This solves the problem of large deformations or sudden water inrushes at the tunnel's facing surface, especially when karst strata create cavities that threaten the tunnel structure. It enables timely completion of a series of automatic grouting operations, while significantly reducing the adverse effects on the lining structure and the potential for leakage caused by repeated hole opening and sealing in traditional grouting methods. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a front view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a side view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the layout of the grout delivery pipe and drainage pipe;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated pump and agitator unit.

[0024] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the connection between the slurry delivery pipe and the drainage pipe and the integrated agitator pump;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the filter structure.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0027] 1. Integrated pump and agitator unit; 11. Unit base; 12. Pump; 13. Brake motor; 14. Slurry delivery channel; 15. Slurry mixer; 16. Connecting bearing; 2. Slurry delivery pipe; 21. Pressure sensing valve; 3. Drain pipe; 31. Drain sensing valve; 32. Drain branch pipe; 33. Filter; 4. Acoustic warning device. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0029] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-7 The present invention will be described in further detail below.

[0030] This invention discloses a grouting reinforcement device and an automatic grouting method for tunnel lining in water-rich karst strata. (Refer to...) Figures 1-7 The grouting reinforcement device for tunnel lining in water-rich karst strata includes an integrated pump and mixer unit 1 for mixing and delivering grout, a grout delivery pipe 2 and a drainage pipe 3 installed on the tunnel lining. The grout delivery pipe 2 and drainage pipe 3 are arranged side by side, circumferentially wrapping around the soil-facing surface of the lining and are both connected to the integrated pump and mixer unit 1. The grout delivery pipe 2 is arranged around the lining and connects to the pump and mixer unit 1 through a hole opened on the side of the lining. During the grouting stage, the grout delivery pipe 2 serves as the carrier and container for the grouting material. Its pipe material must be made of high-temperature alloy material, which has good oxidation resistance and hot corrosion resistance, good fatigue performance, fracture toughness and other comprehensive properties, and can ensure an ultra-long service life matching the service life of the tunnel structure in complex geological environments. During the cleaning stage, the grout delivery pipe 2 also serves as a carrier for the cleaning agent and wastewater. Under the action of the integrated pump and mixer unit 1, the cleaning agent continuously washes the inner wall of the grout delivery pipe 2. The wastewater inside the pipe is then recycled to complete the cleaning. The drainage pipe 3 is equipped with a drainage sensing valve 31 for controlling the opening and closing of the drainage pipe 3. The arch top, left and right arch waists, left and right side walls, left and right arch feet and arch bottom of the lining are all equipped with sonic early warning devices 4 for emitting sound waves to detect the separation of the tunnel lining from the stratum and its size. The grouting pipe 2 is equipped with multiple sensing pressure valves 21 for controlling the grouting pressure and monitoring changes in external pressure. The sensing pressure valves 21 are set close to the sonic early warning devices 4. The sonic early warning devices 4 are densely set at the arch top, arch bottom and special dangerous parts on the soil-facing side of the lining. In use, the sonic early warning devices 4 emit sound waves to detect the separation of the tunnel lining from the stratum and its size. The grout is delivered to the grouting pipe 2 through the integrated pump and stirring device 1 to grout the lining. During the grouting process, the sensing pressure valves 21 monitor the external pressure and control the grouting pressure of the grouting pipe 2 according to the changes in external pressure.

[0031] The integrated pump and agitator 1 includes a base 11 and a pump 12, a brake motor 13, a grout delivery channel 14, and a grout mixer 15 mounted on the base 11. The grout delivery pipe 2 is connected to the grout delivery channel 14. Connecting bearings 16 are provided between each pair of components, which are connected together by the connecting bearings 16. The drain pipe 3 is connected to the grout mixer 15. A drain branch pipe 32 passing through the lining is provided at the end of the drain pipe 3 near the grout mixer 15. A drain sensing valve 31 is provided on the drain branch pipe 32. When the brake motor 13 continuously transmits kinetic energy, the grouting material is stirred in the grout mixer 15. When the pump 12 is adjusted to pumping mode, the stirred grout is pressed into the grout delivery channel 14. By adjusting the pump 12 to the suction level, the wastewater from cleaning the grout delivery pipe 2 after grouting is completed will be drawn back from the grout delivery channel 14 and finally pressed into the grout mixer 15 to be cleaned together with the residual grouting material in the grout mixer 15.

[0032] The drainage branch pipe 32 is also equipped with a filter 33 for filtering water. The use of the drainage branch pipe 32 is controlled by the drainage sensing valve 31. During the grouting stage, after the sound wave warning device 4 issues an alarm, the drainage sensing valve 31 immediately responds and changes to the open state. Some groundwater flows into the drainage branch pipe 32 and is filtered by the filter 33, becoming part of the grouting material. During the cleaning stage, the drainage sensing valve 31 needs to be kept open in order to continuously replenish the cleaning agent to the grout delivery pipe 2.

[0033] The pressure valve 21 is equipped with a pressure gauge. When large deformation of the strata causes separation between the strata and the tunnel lining, especially when cavities are formed by special karst geology, the pressure gauge will show a pressure drop. At this time, the valve can be opened for automatic grouting in conjunction with the alarm of the sonic early warning device 4. When there are signs of sudden water inrush on the soil-facing side of the tunnel lining, the gauge value will increase sharply. At this time, drainage intervention should be carried out quickly, and then automatic grouting can be performed to minimize the damage caused by the sudden water inrush.

[0034] This embodiment provides an automatic grouting method for tunnel lining in water-rich karst strata, comprising the following steps:

[0035] Step 1: Add sufficient solid grouting material with appropriate proportion to the slurry mixer 15 of the integrated pump and mixer device 1 in advance, and seal and store the slurry mixer 15.

[0036] Step 2: The sound wave early warning device 4 emits sound waves to detect the location and size of the separation between the tunnel lining and the stratum, and remotely monitors the status of the early warning device in real time; when the early warning device issues an alarm, the drainage sensing valve 31 on the drainage branch pipe 32 is opened immediately, and the groundwater enters the slurry mixer 15 after being filtered by the water filtration device 33. At this time, the amount of filtered water can be adjusted according to the fluidity and initial and final setting time required for grouting as indicated by the early warning device. Under the support of the brake motor 13, it is mixed with the solid grouting material pre-added inside.

[0037] Step 3: After mixing is complete, adjust pump 12 to the pumping position, and pump 12 continuously pumps the liquid mixed grouting material into the grouting pipe 2 until the entire grouting pipe is filled.

[0038] Step 4: The pressure sensing valve 21 of the grout delivery pipe can simultaneously sense the pressure inside and outside the pipe. Under normal conditions, it is subjected to the soil pressure of the stratum, and its dial has an initial value, denoted as P1. When large deformation of the stratum causes separation of the lining from the stratum and the formation of cavities in the solution cavity, the pressure gauge needle drops and the pressure decreases. When the pressure P2 is less than P1, the pressure valve immediately opens, and the pump 12 continues to work, delivering grout to the soil-facing surface of the lining through the pressure sensing valve 21 until the grout pressure reaches the preset value required by the project and then automatically closes the valve. When there are signs of sudden water inrush at the soil-facing surface of the lining, the external water pressure increases sharply. When the external pressure sensed by the pressure sensing valve 21 increases sharply to P3, which is much greater than P1, drainage intervention is immediately initiated. Afterward, the valve automatically opens to automatically deliver grout, and the valve can also automatically close when the grout reaches the preset pressure.

[0039] Step 5: After the grouting process is completed, keep the drainage branch pipe 32 open and increase the pumping speed of the pump 12 to continuously inject the filtered groundwater into the grouting pipe 2 for pipe flushing. Then, switch the pump 12 from grouting to water suction to recover the wastewater from the grouting channel 2 and send it into the grout mixer 15. Finally, clean the grout mixer 15 in a timely manner.

[0040] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic grouting method for tunnel lining in water-rich karst strata, employing a grouting reinforcement device for tunnel lining in water-rich karst strata, the device comprising: The system includes an integrated pump and mixer for mixing and delivering grout, a grout delivery pipe and a drainage pipe installed on the tunnel lining. The grout delivery pipe and drainage pipe are arranged side by side and circumferentially around the soil-facing surface of the lining and are both connected to the integrated pump and mixer. The drainage pipe is equipped with a drainage sensing valve for controlling the opening and closing of the drainage pipe. The arch top, left and right arch waists, left and right sidewalls, left and right arch feet and arch bottom of the lining are all equipped with sonic early warning devices for emitting sound waves to detect the location and size of the separation between the tunnel lining and the stratum. The grout delivery pipe is equipped with multiple sensing pressure valves for controlling the grouting pressure and monitoring changes in external pressure. The sensing pressure valves are located close to the sonic early warning devices. The integrated pump and agitator includes a base and a pump, a brake motor, a slurry delivery channel, and a slurry mixer mounted on the base. The slurry delivery pipe is connected to the slurry delivery channel, and the drain pipe is connected to the slurry mixer. The end of the drain pipe near the slurry mixer is provided with a drain branch pipe that passes through the lining, and the drain sensing valve is installed on the drain branch pipe; The method is characterized by the following steps: S1. Add sufficient solid grouting material of appropriate proportion to the slurry mixer of the integrated pump and mixer device in advance, and seal and store the slurry mixer. S2. The sound wave early warning device emits sound waves to detect the location and size of the separation between the tunnel lining and the stratum, and remotely monitors the status of the early warning device in real time. When the early warning device issues an alarm, the drainage sensing valve on the drainage branch pipe opens immediately, and the groundwater enters the grout mixer after being filtered by the filter. At this time, the amount of filtered water can be adjusted according to the fluidity and initial and final setting time of the grouting required by the early warning device. With the support of the brake motor, it is mixed with the solid grouting material added inside. S3. After mixing, adjust the pump to the pumping position and continuously pump the liquid mixed grouting material into the grouting pipe until the entire grouting pipe is filled. S4. The pressure sensing valve of the grout delivery pipe can simultaneously sense the pressure inside and outside the pipe. Under normal conditions, it is subjected to the earth pressure of the stratum, and its dial has an initial value, denoted as P1. When large deformation of the stratum causes the lining to separate from the stratum and voids to be generated in the solution cavity, the pressure gauge needle drops and the pressure decreases. When the pressure P2 is less than P1 at this time, the pressure valve opens immediately, and the pump continues to work, delivering grout to the soil-facing surface of the lining through the pressure sensing valve until the grout pressure reaches the preset value required by the project and then automatically closes the valve. When there are signs of sudden water inrush at the soil-facing surface of the lining, the external water pressure increases sharply. When the external pressure sensed by the pressure sensing valve increases sharply to P3, which is much greater than P1, drainage intervention is immediately initiated. Afterward, the pressure sensing valve automatically opens to automatically deliver grout. The valve can also automatically close when the grout reaches the preset pressure. S5. After the grouting process is completed, the drainage branch pipe should be kept open, the pump speed should be increased, and the filtered groundwater should be continuously injected into the grouting pipe for pipe flushing. Then, the pump should be switched from pumping to suction mode to recover the wastewater from the grouting channel and enter the grout mixer. Finally, the grout mixer should be cleaned in a timely manner.

2. The automatic grouting method for tunnel lining in water-rich karst strata according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage branch pipe is also equipped with a filter for filtering water.

3. The automatic grouting method for tunnel lining in water-rich karst strata according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pressure gauge is installed on the valve cover of the pressure-sensing valve.

4. The automatic grouting method for tunnel lining in water-rich karst strata according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sonic early warning devices are densely installed at the arch top, arch bottom, and other particularly dangerous locations on the soil-facing side of the lining.

Images