A labor-saving and efficient vegetable seedling raising method

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of plant cultivation, and specifically discloses a labor-saving and high-efficiency vegetable seedling raising method, which comprises the steps of seedbed construction, seed treatment, sowing, tray arrangement, seedling raising management and the like. The application adopts a water and fertilizer supply mode at the bottom, and effectively solves the problems of high construction cost of seedbed and uneven seedling emergence in seedling raising production through a ground tide type seedbed and a seed treatment technology. Through the technology, the construction cost of the seedbed can be reduced from 200-300 yuan per square meter to about 30-50 yuan per square meter, the facility investment cost is greatly reduced, and the technology is economic and practical; the seeds are directly sowed and emerge uniformly, which is suitable for mechanized sowing, greatly improves the sowing efficiency, and significantly improves the uniformity and consistency of the seedlings.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a labor-saving and efficient vegetable seedling raising method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Seedling raising is a key link in vegetable production and is one of the key technical measures for improving the comprehensive benefits of vegetable production. With the development of China's vegetable industry, through years of scientific research and technological progress, vegetable seedling raising has developed from traditional bed soil seedling raising and nutrient bowl seedling raising to intensive and factory seedling raising.

[0003] Seeding is one of the key links in seedling raising. Due to the uneven quality of seeds in China, in order to improve the germination energy and germination rate of seeds and reduce the operation of seedling after seeding, seedling raising enterprises usually adopt the method of seed soaking, germination and hull breaking, and then manual seeding. Manual seeding has high labor intensity, low seeding efficiency, long seeding period, high seeding cost, and is prone to damage the radicle of seeds during seeding, which is difficult to guarantee the seeding quality and is not suitable for mechanized operation, which seriously restricts the scale production demand of vegetables.

[0004] Mechanized precision seeding can significantly improve seeding efficiency and reduce labor intensity, but requires a certain scale of germination room to provide suitable environmental conditions for seed germination to ensure high germination rate and germination energy. However, the construction of the germination room increases the construction investment of the enterprise, and the seeds seeded in the plug tray need to be transported to the greenhouse again after germination in the germination room, which is troublesome.

[0005] Fertilizer and water management is an important guarantee for the healthy growth of vegetable plug seedlings. At present, the top irrigation method is mainly used. This irrigation method has high labor cost, uneven water and fertilizer irrigation, and difficulty in nutrient regulation. Bottom tidal irrigation is easy to realize intelligent closed recycling of water and fertilizer coupling and "zero emission", and has significant effects of water saving, fertilizer saving and labor saving, and can realize full-automatic management. However, the bottom tidal seedbed and other equipment used in production in China mainly rely on import, and the facility cost is high. SUMMARY

[0006] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present application provides a labor-saving and efficient vegetable seedling raising method, which is simple, convenient to operate and low in construction cost. It is not only suitable for mechanized seeding, but also greatly improves the seeding efficiency and significantly improves the uniformity and consistency of seedlings.

[0007] The technical scheme adopted to achieve the above-mentioned purposes of the present application is as follows:

[0008] A labor-saving and efficient vegetable seedling raising method comprises the following steps:

[0009] S1, soaking the seeds with clean water;

[0010] S2, after seed soaking, the seeds are germinated at 20-30°C until the radicle of the seed does not emerge from the seed coat;

[0011] S3, the germinated seeds are placed in fine sand and stirred evenly so that the seed coat is covered with fine sand, then the seeds are put into a mesh bag and dried at 25-30°C until the fine sand on the seed coat falls off;

[0012] S4, the seeds are taken out of the mesh bag and sown;

[0013] S5, the sown tray is placed on a tidal type seedbed;

[0014] S6, tidal type water irrigation is carried out at the bottom of the seedbed.

[0015] Further, in step S1, the seed soaking time is 6-8h.

[0016] Further, in step S3, the fine sand used for drying the seeds needs to be filtered in advance, and the mesh size used for filtering is 30-40 mesh, and the fine sand passing through the mesh is collected.

[0017] Further, in step S4, the substrate humidity used for sowing is 50%-90%.

[0018] Further, the tidal type seedbed comprises a seedbed body excavated on the ground, a waterproof cloth or waterproof film is laid on the bottom and inner wall of the seedbed body, a drainage port is arranged on the bottom of the seedbed body, a water passing hole is arranged on the waterproof cloth or waterproof film, the water passing hole is communicated with the drainage port, a breathable layer composed of a breathable plate is laid on the bottom of the seedbed body, and the breathable layer is located above the waterproof cloth or waterproof film.

[0019] Further, a water tank extending along the length direction of the seedbed body is excavated on the bottom of the seedbed body.

[0020] Further, it further comprises a water inlet pipe, and the outlet of the water inlet pipe is located in the water tank.

[0021] Further, it further comprises a drainage pipe, the drainage pipe penetrates the drainage port and the water passing hole in sequence, the inlet of the drainage pipe is higher than the bottom of the water tank, the inlet of the drainage pipe is lower than the bottom surface of the seedbed body, and the inlet of the drainage pipe is provided with a water stop plug.

[0022] Further, in step S5, after the tray is placed on the tidal type seedbed, a layer of film is covered for moisture retention.

[0023] Further, the tidal type water irrigation method is:

[0024] Water irrigation is started after the seeds are covered with soil, the irrigation depth is 0.5-1cm of the submerged tray, the irrigation time is 30-60min, the water at the bottom of the tidal type seedbed in winter is drained, and a layer of bottom water is left to increase air humidity in summer and autumn.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the application has the advantages and beneficial effects that:

[0026] 1、The application shortens the germination time in the seed germination stage, only needs to germinate to break the shell, and the radicle tip growth point of the seed does not expose outside the seed shell, so that damage to the growth point of the seed during sowing can be avoided. Meanwhile, the application can improve the germination rate and germination potential of the seed, especially when the environmental conditions are not suitable, such as in winter and spring, the germination rate and germination potential are significantly improved. Compared with the sowing method of sowing and then germinating, the area of the required germination chamber is greatly reduced, and at the same time, the transportation of the plug from the germination chamber to the seedbed is avoided.

[0027] 2、The application adopts a simple and ingenious method for drying the seed, that is, the seed shell is first coated with fine sand, then placed in a mesh bag to dry, and when the fine sand on the seed shell falls off completely, the drying is stopped. This method is simple to operate. The advantages of the method of drying the seed surrounded by fine sand are as follows: first, the fine sand can absorb the water on the surface of the seed, allowing the seed to dry quickly; second, the fine sand wrapped around the seed increases the porosity between the seeds, making the seed dry more evenly; third, the degree of seed drying is just right, not too dry or not dry enough; fourth, the falling fine sand can fall through the mesh of the mesh bag, and after the seed is dried, it is easy to separate the seed from the fine sand, which is conducive to the use of sowing machinery for sowing and improves the sowing efficiency.

[0028] 3、The application adopts the tidal type seedbed excavated on the ground for seedling raising, without the need to make supports and bed boxes, not only simple to make, but also greatly reduces the production cost, can greatly reduce the facility investment cost and the later maintenance cost, is economical and practical, and solves the problem of high construction cost and maintenance cost of the planting bed type tidal seedbed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a structure schematic view of the tidal type seedbed.

[0030] Figure 2 It is a structure schematic view of the seedbed body.

[0031] Figure 3 It is a germination potential graph of summer cucumber seeds under different treatments.

[0032] Figure 4 It is a germination rate graph of summer cucumber seeds under different treatments.

[0033] Figure 5 It is a germination potential graph of spring and winter cucumber seeds under different treatments.

[0034] Figure 6 It is a germination rate graph of spring and winter cucumber seeds under different treatments.

[0035] Figure 7 Figure is the germination potential diagram of watermelon seeds in spring and winter under different treatments.

[0036] Figure 8 Figure is the germination rate diagram of watermelon seeds in spring and winter under different treatments.

[0037] Among them, 1-bed body, 2-water tank, 3-waterproof membrane, 4-air permeable layer, 5-water inlet pipe, 6-drainage pipe, 7-stop plug. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The application will be described in detail below with specific examples.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] S1, construct ground tidal seedling base

[0041] S1-1, excavate the bed body 1 on the ground, the bed body 1 is square groove, the width of the bed body 1 is 3 meters, the length is 18 meters, and the depth is 8 cm, as shown in Figure 2 .

[0042] S1-2, excavate a strip-shaped water tank 2 in the middle of the bottom of the bed body 1, the water tank 2 is parallel to the length direction of the bed body 1, and the two ends of the water tank 2 respectively extend to the connection with the inner walls of the bed body 1 in the width direction, and the water tank 2 and the bed body 1 have the same symmetry plane. The cross section of the water tank 2 is semicircular, and the radius of the water tank 2 is 7.5 cm. After the water tank is excavated, a drainage port is excavated at one end of the bottom of the water tank 2.

[0043] S1-3, lay a black waterproof membrane 3 on the bottom and inner wall of the bed body 1 and the inner wall of the water tank 2, and the waterproof membrane 3 is 0.5 mm.

[0044] S1-4, lay a plurality of square air permeable tiles on the bottom of the bed body 1, and the plurality of air permeable tiles form an air permeable layer 4, which is located above the waterproof membrane 3.

[0045] S1-5, lay a water inlet pipe 5 with a length of 60 cm, the water inlet pipe 5 is provided with a water valve at a position above the bed body 1, and the outlet of the water inlet pipe 5 is located in one end of the water tank 2.

[0046] S1-6, lay a drainage pipe 6, the drainage pipe 6 penetrates the drainage port and the waterproof membrane 3, the inlet of the drainage pipe 6 is 1.5 cm higher than the bottom surface of the water tank, and a stop plug 7 is arranged at the inlet of the drainage pipe 6.

[0047] The structure diagram of the ground tidal seedling bed after construction is shown in Figure 1 , and the seedling base is composed of a plurality of bed bodies 1 arranged side by side, and a ground tidal seedling bed is constructed every 0.6 m.

[0048] Compared with the tidal irrigation facility disclosed in the paper (Wang Baoju, Tong Jing, Liang Hao, Wu Zhanhui. Vegetable Tidal Irrigation Seedling Technology [J]. China's Melon and Vegetable, 2021, 34 (12): 125-128.), the construction cost of the seedling bed of the present application is reduced from 200-300 yuan per square meter to 30-50 yuan per square meter, and the facility construction cost is significantly reduced.

[0049] S2, in June-July 2022, prepare 10 batches of cucumber seeds, 450 seeds (about 15g) per batch, and treat as follows:

[0050] Treatment one (number T1, seed soaking-germination-air drying):

[0051] Soak the cucumber seeds in water for 6h, then germinate the cucumber seeds at 28℃ for 12h (the embryo root tip growth point of the seeds does not expose the seed shell), then place the germinated cucumber seeds in fine sand (pre-filtered with a 35 mesh sieve, collect the fine sand passing through the sieve), stir evenly, make the fine sand stick to the surface of the cucumber seed shell, then put the cucumber seeds into a mesh bag, air dry at 30℃ for 1h until the fine sand on the seed shell falls off completely, and finally sow in a 72-hole tray;

[0052] Treatment two (number T2, seed soaking-germination):

[0053] Soak the cucumber seeds in water for 6h, then germinate the cucumber seeds at 28℃ for 12h (the embryo root tip growth point of the seeds does not expose the seed shell), and finally sow in a 72-hole tray;

[0054] Treatment three (number T3, seed soaking-air drying):

[0055] Soak the cucumber seeds in water for 6h, then place the cucumber seeds in fine sand, stir evenly, make the fine sand stick to the surface of the cucumber seed shell, then put the cucumber seeds into a mesh bag, air dry at 30℃ for 1h until the fine sand on the seed shell falls off completely, and finally sow in a 72-hole tray;

[0056] Treatment four (number T7, seed soaking):

[0057] Soak the cucumber seeds in water for 6h, then sow in a 72-hole tray;

[0058] Treatment five (number T5, direct sowing):

[0059] Directly sow the cucumber seeds in a 72-hole tray;

[0060] Among the above five treatments, the substrate used for sowing is a mixture of grass charcoal and perlite in a volume ratio of 3:1, the substrate humidity is 50-80% when sowing, and the substrate is covered with vermiculite after sowing is completed.

[0061] S3. Place the sown 72-cell trays on the tidal seedbed, control the temperature between 30℃ and 35℃, and cover with a thin film to retain moisture.

[0062] S4. Tidal irrigation seedling raising, the specific method is as follows:

[0063] After the seeds emerge from the soil, begin watering. The water depth should be 1 cm below the seed tray, and the watering time should be 60 minutes. After draining, leave a layer of bottom water.

[0064] S5. Statistical analysis of germination potential and germination rate of cucumber seeds under different treatments:

[0065] Germination rate of summer cucumber seeds under different treatments Figure 3 As shown, by Figure 3 It can be seen that the germination potential of seeds treated with soaking-air drying (T3) was significantly reduced, decreasing by 39.36% compared to T5. Compared to T5, the germination potential of seeds treated with soaking-germination-re-air drying (T1) did not change significantly, while the germination potential of seeds treated with soaking-germination (T2) was significantly reduced.

[0066] Germination rate of summer cucumber seeds under different treatments, such as Figure 4 As shown, by Figure 4 It can be seen that, compared with T5, the germination rate of seeds treated with soaking-germination-air drying (T1) was significantly increased, by 5.50%. The germination rate of seeds treated with soaking-germination (T2) was not significantly different from that of T5.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] In December 2022-January 2023, 10 portions of cucumber seeds and 10 portions of watermelon seeds were prepared. The cucumber seeds and watermelon seeds were treated according to the steps in Example 1, except that the germination temperature in step S3 was controlled between 15℃ and 20℃.

[0069] Germination rate of cucumber seeds under different treatments in winter and spring Figure 5 As shown, by Figure 5 It was found that the germination potential of cucumber seeds treated with soaking followed by air drying (T3) was significantly reduced, decreasing by 26.36% compared to T5. Compared to T5, the germination potential of cucumber seeds treated with soaking and germination (T1 and T2) was significantly increased, and the T1-treated cucumber seeds could be machine-sown. Specifically, compared to T5, the germination potential of cucumber seeds treated with T1 and T2 increased by 19.38% and 27.13%, respectively.

[0070] Germination rates of cucumber seeds under different treatments during winter and spring, such as Figure 6 As shown, by Figure 6It can be seen that, compared with T5, the germination rate of cucumber seeds treated with soaking-germination (T1, T2) showed an increasing trend, but the difference was not significant. Specifically, compared with T5, the germination rates of cucumber seeds treated with T1 and T2 increased by 2.09% and 2.62%, respectively. This may be because it is close to the highest germination rate of cucumber seeds under low temperature conditions. This method can improve the germination rate for seeds such as cucumbers that have low requirements for germination environment, and the effect is already very good.

[0071] Germination rate of watermelon seeds under different treatments in winter and spring Figure 7 As shown, by Figure 7 It was found that the germination potential of watermelon seeds treated with soaking followed by air drying (T3) was significantly reduced, decreasing by 89.36% compared to T5. Compared to T5, the germination potential of watermelon seeds treated with soaking and germination (T1 and T2) was significantly increased, and the watermelon seeds treated with T1 and T2 could be machine-sown. Specifically, compared to T5, the germination potential of cucumber seeds treated with T1 and T2 increased by 104.26% and 134.04%, respectively.

[0072] Germination rate of watermelon seeds under different treatments in spring and winter, such as Figure 8 As shown, by Figure 8 It can be seen that, compared with T5, the germination rate of watermelon seeds treated with soaking-germination (T1, T2) was significantly increased. Specifically, compared with T5, the germination rates of watermelon seeds treated with T1 and T2 increased by 14.59% and 12.97%, respectively. Therefore, this method has a more significant effect on seeds such as watermelon that have high requirements for germination environment.

Claims

1. A labor-saving and high-efficiency method for raising seedlings of vegetables, characterized by It comprises the following steps: S1, seed is soaked with clean water; S2, after soaking, the seeds are germinated at 20-30℃, and the germination is carried out until the radicle of the seed does not emerge from the seed coat; S3, the germinated seeds are placed in fine sand, stirred evenly, so that the seed coat is covered with fine sand, and then the seeds are put into a mesh bag and dried at 25-30℃ until the fine sand on the seed coat falls off; S4, the seeds are taken out of the mesh bag and sown; S5, the sown plug tray is placed on the ground tidal seedbed; S6, tidal irrigation is carried out at the bottom of the seedbed.

2. A labour saving and high efficient vegetable seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the soaking time is 6-8h.

3. A labour saving and high efficient method for raising seedlings of vegetables as claimed in claim 1 wherein: In step S3, the fine sand used for drying the seeds needs to be filtered in advance, and the mesh size used for filtering is 30-40 mesh.

4. The labor-saving and high-efficiency vegetable seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the substrate humidity used for sowing is 50%-90%.

5. A labour saving and high efficient method for raising seedlings of vegetables as claimed in claim 1 wherein: The ground tidal seedbed comprises a seedbed body excavated on the ground, a waterproof cloth or waterproof film is laid on the bottom and inner wall of the seedbed body, a drainage port is arranged on the bottom of the seedbed body, a water passing hole is arranged on the waterproof cloth or waterproof film, the water passing hole is communicated with the drainage port, a breathable layer composed of breathable plates is laid on the bottom of the seedbed body, and the breathable layer is located above the waterproof cloth or waterproof film.

6. A labour saving and high efficient vegetable seedling raising method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom of the seedbed body is excavated with a water tank extending along the length direction of the seedbed body.

7. A labour saving and high efficient vegetable seedling raising method according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also comprises a water inlet pipe, and the outlet of the water inlet pipe is located in the water tank.

8. A labour saving and high efficient vegetable seedling raising method according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also comprises a drain pipe, which penetrates the drainage port and the water passing hole in sequence, the inlet of the drain pipe is higher than the bottom surface of the water tank, the inlet of the drain pipe is lower than the bottom surface of the seedbed body, and the inlet of the drain pipe is provided with a water stop plug.

9. A labour efficient and high yielding method of raising vegetable seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein: In step S5, after the plug tray is placed on the ground tidal seedbed, a layer of film is covered for moisture retention.

10. A labour efficient method of raising vegetable seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein The method for bottom irrigation is to start irrigation after the seed is covered with soil, the irrigation depth is 0.5-1cm of the submerged plug tray, the irrigation time is 30-60min, and the water in the bottom of the winter tidal seedbed is drained, and a layer of bottom water is left to increase the air humidity in summer and autumn.

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