Additive and feed for promoting fish growth under brackish water aquaculture conditions

Abstract

The present invention discloses an additive for promoting fish growth in brackish and freshwater aquaculture conditions, comprising the following components: betaine, linoleic acid, and vitamin B1. This additive can effectively promote the growth of fish in brackish and freshwater aquaculture conditions, significantly improving their growth performance. The present invention also discloses a feed for promoting fish growth in brackish and freshwater aquaculture conditions. This feed additive has a positive growth-promoting effect on important aquatic economic animals such as grass carp and yellowfin sea bream, and has broad development prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture and discloses an additive and feed for promoting fish growth under brackish and freshwater aquaculture conditions. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the development of the aquaculture industry, attempts have begun to use brackish water (referring to water with a salinity of 1 to 20 parts per trillion) to cultivate freshwater commercial species. Studies have also shown that using brackish water to cultivate commercial freshwater fish can improve their edible quality. However, cultivating traditional commercial freshwater fish in brackish water often results in the fish being unable to adapt to the salinity, resulting in slower growth and reduced production efficiency.

[0003] In addition, in the prior art, there are also reports on the use of brackish water to culture euryhaline fish such as yellowfin sea bream, tilapia, and sea bass.

[0004] Therefore, in order to improve the growth performance of fish under brackish water aquaculture, the present invention hopes to propose an additive and feed that promotes fish growth under brackish water aquaculture conditions, thereby promoting the healthy and sustainable development of my country's aquaculture industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide an additive for promoting the growth of fish under brackish and freshwater aquaculture conditions, wherein the additive can effectively improve the growth performance of fish under brackish and freshwater aquaculture conditions.

[0006] A second object of the present invention is to provide a feed that promotes the growth of fish under brackish and freshwater aquaculture conditions.

[0007] The first object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] The invention discloses an additive for promoting fish growth under brackish water aquaculture conditions, comprising the following components: betaine, linoleic acid and vitamin B1.

[0009] The fish described in the present invention include freshwater fish and euryhaline fish; specifically, the freshwater fish can be grass carp, crucian carp, mandarin fish and the like, and the euryhaline fish can be yellowfin sea bream, tilapia, sea bass and the like.

[0010] Among the components of the additive, linoleic acid has the effects of promoting growth, lowering cholesterol, anti-oxidation, inhibiting fat accumulation, and enhancing the body's immunity for aquatic animals; vitamin B1 can promote the growth of aquatic animals and has a protective effect on their livers; betaine has the effects of significantly improving the osmotic pressure regulation ability of aquatic animals, increasing the weight gain rate, and improving the survival rate of young fish.

[0011] The inventors discovered that the additive comprising betaine, linoleic acid and vitamin B1 components can not only promote growth but also help fish better adapt to brackish water aquaculture. Experiments have shown that, whether for freshwater fish or euryhaline fish, the additive can achieve unexpectedly excellent results in promoting fish growth under brackish water aquaculture conditions (specifically, an increase in weight gain rate and specific growth rate), and can also greatly reduce the mortality rate of freshwater fish aquacultured in brackish water.

[0012] In addition, the above-mentioned betaine, linoleic acid and vitamin B1 are all additives with good safety and have no negative impact on fish and the environment.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the additive comprises, by mass percentage, 45-55% betaine, 44.97-54.97% linoleic acid and 0.02-0.03% vitamin B1.

[0014] More preferably, the additive comprises, by mass percentage, 50% betaine, 49.97% linoleic acid and 0.03% vitamin B1.

[0015] The preparation process of the additive is as follows: betaine and vitamin B1 are mixed and crushed, the mixture is passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and then the mixture is mixed with linoleic acid to obtain the additive.

[0016] The second object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0017] A feed for promoting fish growth under brackish water aquaculture conditions, comprising the additive.

[0018] Preferably, the additive is added to the feed in an amount of 1.5-2% by mass.

[0019] More preferably, the additive is added in an amount of 2% by mass.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The present invention combines betaine, vitamin B1 and linoleic acid, and the three have a significant effect on improving the growth performance of fish under brackish and freshwater aquaculture conditions through synergistic action.

[0022] Among them, for freshwater fish, using the additive of the present invention in feed can not only improve the survival rate, but also make their growth performance under brackish water aquaculture better than that under existing freshwater aquaculture; for euryhaline fish, using the additive of the present invention in feed can greatly improve their growth performance under brackish water aquaculture.

[0023] In addition, the additive of the present invention has the advantages of being safe, non-toxic, stable and promoting growth, and has broad development prospects in the current application of aquaculture. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the following examples are given for illustration. It should be noted that the following examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. Any modification, substitution, or combination made without violating the spirit and principle of the present invention is included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials, reagents, or devices used in the following examples were obtained from conventional commercial sources.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] This embodiment provides a feed for promoting the growth of grass carp under brackish water aquaculture conditions, which is prepared by the following steps:

[0028] (1) Betaine, linoleic acid, and vitamin B1 were weighed in a mass ratio of 45:54.97:0.03; the betaine and vitamin B1 were mixed and crushed, passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and then mixed with linoleic acid to prepare an additive for promoting fish growth under brackish water aquaculture conditions;

[0029] (2) The above additives were added into commercially available grass carp compound feed at a ratio of 1.5% by mass and mixed evenly to obtain a feed that promotes the growth of grass carp under brackish water aquaculture conditions.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] This embodiment provides a feed for promoting the growth of yellowfin seabream under brackish water aquaculture conditions, which is prepared by the following steps:

[0032] (1) Betaine, linoleic acid, and vitamin B1 were weighed in a mass ratio of 50:49.97:0.03; the betaine and vitamin B1 were mixed and crushed, passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and then mixed with linoleic acid to prepare an additive for promoting fish growth under brackish water aquaculture conditions;

[0033] (2) The above additives were added into a commercially available yellowfin seabream feed at a ratio of 2% by mass and mixed evenly to obtain a feed that promotes the growth of yellowfin seabream under brackish water aquaculture conditions.

[0034] Example 3

[0035] This embodiment provides a feed for promoting the growth of tilapia under brackish water aquaculture conditions, which is prepared by the following steps:

[0036] (1) Betaine, linoleic acid, and vitamin B1 were weighed in a mass ratio of 50:49.97:0.03; the betaine and vitamin B1 were mixed and crushed, passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and then mixed with linoleic acid to prepare an additive for promoting fish growth under brackish water aquaculture conditions;

[0037] (2) The above additives were added into commercially available tilapia compound feed at a ratio of 2% by mass and mixed evenly to obtain a feed that promotes the growth of tilapia under brackish water aquaculture conditions.

[0038] Example 4

[0039] This embodiment provides a feed for promoting the growth of mandarin fish under brackish water aquaculture conditions, which is prepared by the following steps:

[0040] (1) Betaine, linoleic acid, and vitamin B1 were weighed in a mass ratio of 45:54.97:0.03; the betaine and vitamin B1 were mixed and crushed, passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and then mixed with linoleic acid to prepare an additive for promoting fish growth under brackish water aquaculture conditions;

[0041] (2) The above additives were added into commercially available mandarin fish feed at a ratio of 1.5% by mass and mixed evenly to obtain a feed that promotes the growth of mandarin fish under brackish water culture conditions.

[0042] Comparative Example 1

[0043] This embodiment provides a grass carp feed, which is different from Example 1 in that the additive in step (1) is composed of components in the following proportions: 100% linoleic acid, and step (2) is the same.

[0044] Comparative Example 2

[0045] This embodiment provides a yellowfin sea bream feed, which is different from Example 2 in that the additive in step (1) is composed of components in the following proportions: 100% linoleic acid, and step (2) is the same.

[0046] Comparative Example 3

[0047] This embodiment provides a tilapia feed, which is different from Example 3 in that the additive in step (1) is composed of components in the following proportions: 100% linoleic acid, and step (2) is the same.

[0048] Comparative Example 4

[0049] This embodiment provides a mandarin fish feed, which is different from Example 4 in that the additive in step (1) is composed of components in the following proportions: 100% linoleic acid, and step (2) is the same.

[0050] Example 5 Grass carp breeding test

[0051] A total of 540 grass carps of healthy physique, same size, initial body weight of 46.14 ± 1.66 g, and average body length of 13.87 ± 0.86 cm were selected and divided into six experimental groups;

[0052] Six experimental groups were cultured in different water salinities (0 and 2 ppt) using the grass carp feed of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and a commercially available grass carp feed for 8 weeks; each experiment was repeated 3 times.

[0053] The experimental setup consisted of 18 culture tanks with a diameter of 1.5 m, each containing 30 fish.

[0054] During the experiment, water quality was monitored, sewage was discharged daily, and sufficient dissolved oxygen and appropriate pH were ensured; grass carp were fed twice a day (8 am and 6 pm), with a daily feed amount of 3% of their body weight.

[0055] After the cultivation was completed, the growth data were collected and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0056] Weight gain rate (%) = (final average weight – initial average weight) / initial average weight × 100%

[0057] Specific growth rate (%) = (ln final average weight – ln initial average weight) / number of culture days × 100%

[0058] Liver to body ratio (%) = liver weight / final average weight × 100%

[0059] Survival rate (%) = final number / initial number × 100%

[0060] Table 1. Test results of different grass carp feeds

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] The results in Table 1 show that, under brackish water aquaculture conditions, the growth performance of grass carp will decline when commercially available grass carp compound feed is used for aquaculture; however, when the grass carp feed of Example 1 is used for aquaculture, the growth performance of grass carp under brackish water aquaculture conditions does not decline, and is even better than the growth performance under freshwater aquaculture conditions, and the survival rate of grass carp under brackish water aquaculture conditions is improved.

[0064] In addition, compared with commercially available grass carp feed, although the grass carp feed of Comparative Example 1 also has a certain growth-promoting effect, the grass carp feed of Example 1 has a significantly better growth-promoting effect on grass carp under both freshwater and brackish water aquaculture conditions.

[0065] The results show that the combined use of a specific vitamin component (vitamin B1), a specific antioxidant (linoleic acid) and a specific osmotic pressure regulator (betaine) can exert a more excellent effect and effectively improve the growth performance and survival rate of grass carp farmed under brackish and freshwater conditions; in other words, the additive of the present invention can effectively improve the growth performance and survival rate of traditional freshwater economic fish farmed under brackish and freshwater conditions.

[0066] Example 6 Yellowfin sea bream breeding test

[0067] A total of 540 yellowfin seabream with healthy physique, uniform size, initial body weight of 2.42±0.18g and average body length of 3.87±0.86cm were selected and divided into six experimental groups.

[0068] Six experimental groups were cultured for 8 weeks in different water salinities (4 and 16 ppt) using the yellowfin seabream feed of Example 2, Comparative Example 2, and a commercially available yellowfin seabream feed. Each experiment was repeated 3 times.

[0069] The experimental setup consisted of 18 culture tanks with a diameter of 1.5 m, each containing 30 fish.

[0070] During the experiment, water quality was monitored, sewage was discharged daily, and sufficient dissolved oxygen and appropriate pH were ensured; the fish were fed twice a day (8 a.m. and 6 p.m.), with a daily feed amount of 3% of the body weight of yellowfin sea bream.

[0071] After the cultivation was completed, the growth data were collected and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0072] Weight gain rate (%) = (final average weight – initial average weight) / initial average weight × 100%

[0073] Specific growth rate (%) = (ln final average weight – ln initial average weight) / number of culture days × 100%

[0074] Liver to body ratio (%) = liver weight / final average weight × 100%

[0075] Survival rate (%) = final number / initial number × 100%

[0076] Table 2. Test results of aquaculture of different yellowfin seabream feeds

[0077]

[0078] The results in Table 2 show that under brackish water aquaculture conditions, the yellowfin seabream feed of Example 2 has a superior effect on improving the growth performance of yellowfin seabream compared to commercially available yellowfin seabream formula feed. This result shows that the combined use of a specific vitamin component (vitamin B1), a specific antioxidant (linoleic acid), and a specific osmotic pressure regulator (betaine) can exert a more excellent growth-promoting effect under brackish water aquaculture conditions, significantly improving the growth performance of the raised yellowfin seabream.

[0079] Example 7 Tilapia farming test

[0080] A total of 540 healthy tilapia with the same size, initial body weight of 46.14 ± 1.66 g and average body length of 13.87 ± 0.86 cm were selected and divided into six experimental groups;

[0081] Six experimental groups were cultured for 8 weeks at different salinities (0 and 16 ppt) using the tilapia feed of Example 3, Comparative Example 3, and a commercially available tilapia feed; each experiment was repeated 3 times.

[0082] The experimental setup consisted of 18 culture tanks with a diameter of 1.5 m, each containing 30 fish.

[0083] During the experiment, water quality was monitored, sewage was discharged daily, and sufficient dissolved oxygen and appropriate pH were ensured. Tilapias were fed twice a day (8 a.m. and 6 p.m.) at a daily feed rate of 3% of their body weight.

[0084] After the cultivation was completed, the growth data were collected and the results are shown in Table 3.

[0085] Weight gain rate (%) = (final average weight – initial average weight) / initial average weight × 100%

[0086] Specific growth rate (%) = (ln final average weight – ln initial average weight) / number of culture days × 100%

[0087] Liver to body ratio (%) = liver weight / final average weight × 100%

[0088] Survival rate (%) = final number / initial number × 100%

[0089] Table 3. Test results of different tilapia feeds

[0090]

[0091] As can be seen from the results in Table 3, under brackish and freshwater aquaculture conditions, the growth performance of tilapia decreased when commercially available tilapia formula feed was used for aquaculture; however, when the tilapia feed according to Example 3 was used for aquaculture, the growth performance of tilapia under brackish and freshwater aquaculture conditions did not decrease, and was even better than the growth performance under freshwater aquaculture conditions; this illustrates that the additive of the present invention can ensure that tilapia has good growth performance under brackish and freshwater aquaculture conditions.

[0092] The results show that the combined use of a specific vitamin component (vitamin B1), a specific antioxidant (linoleic acid) and a specific osmotic pressure regulator (betaine) can play a more excellent role and significantly improve the growth performance of tilapia raised under brackish water conditions.

[0093] Example 8 Mandarin fish breeding test

[0094] A total of 540 healthy mandarin fish of the same size with an initial weight of 44.08 ± 11.23 g and an average body length of 12.36 ± 0.99 cm were selected and divided into six experimental groups;

[0095] Six test groups were cultured for 8 weeks in different water salinities (0 and 3 ppt) using the mandarin fish feed of Example 4, Comparative Example 4, and a commercially available mandarin fish feed. Each test was repeated 3 times.

[0096] The experimental setup consisted of 18 culture tanks with a diameter of 1.5 m, each containing 30 fish.

[0097] During the experiment, water quality was monitored, sewage was discharged daily, and sufficient dissolved oxygen and appropriate pH were ensured; the fish were fed twice a day (8 am and 6 pm), with a daily feed amount of 3% of their body weight.

[0098] After the cultivation was completed, the growth data were collected and the results are shown in Table 4.

[0099] Weight gain rate (%) = (final average weight – initial average weight) / initial average weight × 100%

[0100] Specific growth rate (%) = (ln final average weight – ln initial average weight) / number of culture days × 100%

[0101] Liver to body ratio (%) = liver weight / final average weight × 100%

[0102] Survival rate (%) = final number / initial number × 100%

[0103] Table 4. Test results of culture of different mandarin fish feeds

[0104]

[0105] The results in Table 4 show that, under brackish and freshwater aquaculture conditions, the growth performance of mandarin fish decreases when a commercially available mandarin fish formula feed is used for aquaculture. Compared with a commercially available mandarin fish formula feed, the growth performance of mandarin fish under brackish and freshwater aquaculture conditions is significantly improved when the mandarin fish feed of Example 4 is used for aquaculture. This growth performance is even better than the growth performance of mandarin fish under freshwater aquaculture conditions when a commercially available formula feed is used for aquaculture. In addition, the mandarin fish feed of Example 4 increases the survival rate of mandarin fish under brackish and freshwater aquaculture conditions.

[0106] In addition, compared with the commercially available mandarin fish feed, although the mandarin fish feed of Comparative Example 4 also has a certain growth-promoting effect, the effect is far inferior to that of the mandarin fish feed of Example 4.

[0107] The results show that the combined use of a specific vitamin component (vitamin B1), a specific antioxidant (linoleic acid) and a specific osmotic pressure regulator (betaine) can exert a more excellent effect and effectively improve the growth performance and survival rate of mandarin fish farmed under brackish and freshwater conditions; in other words, the additive of the present invention can effectively improve the growth performance and survival rate of traditional freshwater economic fish farmed under brackish and freshwater conditions.

Claims

1. An additive for promoting fish growth under brackish water aquaculture conditions, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following components: betaine, linoleic acid and vitamin B1; the fish are freshwater fish and euryhaline fish.

2. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that Calculated by mass percentage, it is composed of the following components: 45-55% betaine, 44.97-54.97% linoleic acid and 0.02-0.03% vitamin B1.

3. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation process is as follows: betaine and vitamin B1 are mixed and crushed, the mixture is passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and then mixed with linoleic acid to obtain the additive.

4. Use of the additive according to claim 1 in preparing feed for promoting the growth of fish under brackish and freshwater aquaculture conditions, wherein the fish are freshwater fish and euryhaline fish.

5. The use according to claim 4, characterized in that: Calculated by mass percentage, the amount of the additive added is 1.5-2%.

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