Flame-retardant non-expanding non-shrinking fabric, preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the field of fabrics, in particular to a flame-retardant non-fusible non-shrinking fabric as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The flame-retardant heat-insulating fabric contains modacrylic, bamboo lyocell, flame-retardant polyester and polyamide; the addition amount of the modacrylic is 45-60% of the total weight of the flame-retardant heat-insulating fabric. The application can realize good flame-retardant effect by only relying on the proportioning control among several different fiber materials, and does not need to use complex treatment means. In addition to the flame-retardant effect, the fabric in the application also has excellent comfort, durability and dyeing performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fabrics, and more particularly to a flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking fabric, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Flame-retardant, non-expansion, and non-shrinkage fabrics are special materials that possess excellent flame-retardant properties and exhibit no expansion or shrinkage during combustion. Currently, with the rise of industrial chemical enterprises and the increase in flammable and explosive workplaces, property damage and personal injury have become a focus of attention for various countries. Many industries equip their workforce with flame-retardant clothing. However, while flame-retardant clothing did reduce burn area during the embassy incident, the high temperature of the flames caused the clothing to shrink, restricting workers' limb movement and preventing timely escape from the accident, leading to injury or even, in severe cases, suffocation due to direct clothing shrinkage. Therefore, developing cost-effective and widely available flame-retardant, non-expansion, and non-shrinkage fabrics has become a research hotspot. Various technical methods are employed in existing flame-retardant fabrics to improve their flame-retardant and non-expansion / shrinkage properties.

[0003] Firstly, during the fabric production process, new polymer fibers and flame-retardant fibers made by introducing chemical flame retardants into the fibers can be used. These fibers can increase the amount of oxygen required for the fabric to burn to a level higher than the amount of oxygen in the normal atmospheric environment, thereby achieving a flame-retardant or fire-resistant effect. This makes the fabric difficult to burn or slows down the burning speed, thus achieving a flame-retardant effect.

[0004] Secondly, after the fabric weaving and dyeing are completed, post-treatment is performed. There are two main treatment methods: one is Proban pure cotton flame-retardant treatment technology, a patent of the French company Rhodia. The principle is to use polyphosphoric acid chemical auxiliaries and a unique finishing process to treat cotton fiber fabrics, accelerating carbonization upon heating and forming an insulating layer that increases the oxygen demand for combustion, causing the fabric to stop burning and achieve self-extinguishing. This results in extremely short afterflame and smoldering times, thus providing flame-retardant properties. Fabrics treated with Proban flame-retardant technology have good wash resistance. The other method is Huntsman's Pyrovatex CP New pure cotton flame-retardant treatment technology, a patent of the Swiss company Ciba Fine Chemicals. The principle is to use Pyrovatex CP New's patented flame-retardant chemical auxiliaries and its processing technology to treat cotton fiber fabrics, significantly shortening afterflame and smoldering times and quickly achieving self-extinguishing, thus providing flame-retardant properties. Compared to Proban, it is relatively environmentally friendly with lower formaldehyde content. However, its flame-retardant effect is not as good as Proban (it does not meet the requirements of GB8965.1-2020 for flame-retardant protective clothing).

[0005] Although both of the above flame-retardant technologies can meet the flame-retardant requirements, each has its own shortcomings. Flame-retardant fabrics made from novel polymer fibers and those produced by incorporating chemical flame retardants have excellent flame-retardant durability and lower or no formaldehyde than post-processed fabrics. However, they also have some practical drawbacks. Most fibers exhibit heat-induced expansion and contraction, leading to the problem mentioned in

[0002] . Furthermore, the smoldering time of the flame-retardant properties is excessively long. Additionally, these special fiber fabrics are difficult to dye, making it impossible to produce colors that match the company's design for individual protective clothing. Even if colors can be produced, their colorfastness is poor, resulting in severe fading during actual use. Moreover, the high cost makes widespread adoption difficult. The advantage of the other post-processing method for cotton or cellulose fiber fabrics is that they can be dyed before further processing, which is simple, cost-effective, and produces accurate colors. The disadvantages are that the fabric strength decreases by 20%, failing to meet the standard requirements (GB8965.1-2020 Flame-retardant Protective Clothing), the formaldehyde content is high, and the free formaldehyde is continuously released, causing damage to human soft tissues and potentially leading to cancer. The production process is not environmentally friendly, has an odor, a rough feel, and poor comfort. Furthermore, flame retardancy significantly affects certain colorfastness properties of the original fabric. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of existing flame-retardant fabrics, such as unstable flame-retardant, swelling, and shrinkage effects, poor comfort, and poor dyeing fastness, which make them unsuitable for mass production. It provides a flame-retardant fabric that is free from swelling and shrinkage and can be dyed over long periods of time, along with its preparation method and application, to overcome the above-mentioned defects.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking fabric, wherein the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking fabric comprises acrylic fiber, bamboo lyocell, flame-retardant polyester, and nylon.

[0009] The amount of acrylonitrile added is 40-55% by weight of the total weight of the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrink fabric.

[0010] Preferably, the amount of bamboo lyocell added to the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric is 15-30% by weight of the total weight of the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric.

[0011] Preferably, relative to the total weight of the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric, the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric contains 40-55% by weight of acrylonitrile, 15-30% by weight of bamboo lyocell, 15-30% by weight of flame-retardant polyester, and 10-30% by weight of polyvinyl chloride.

[0012] Preferably, relative to the total weight of the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrink fabric, the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrink fabric contains 50% by weight of acrylonitrile, 20% by weight of bamboo lyocell, 15% by weight of flame-retardant polyester, and 15% by weight of polyvinyl chloride.

[0013] Secondly, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the aforementioned flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking fabric, comprising the following steps:

[0014] (S.1) Blend unbleached acrylic fiber, bamboo lyocell, flame-retardant polyester and polymethyl methacrylate in the above proportions to form yarn;

[0015] (S.2) The yarn is woven into a greige fabric after passing through warping and sizing in sequence;

[0016] (S.3) The greige fabric is desized, oxygen bleached, dyed, set and finished in a long machine to obtain the flame-retardant, non-swelling and non-shrink fabric.

[0017] Preferably, the desizing and oxygen bleaching process in step (S.3) is as follows: the greige fabric is placed in the long car and desizing agent and oxygen bleaching additives are added. The temperature of the steamer is controlled at 80-95℃ and the desizing time is 50-60 minutes. The sizing on the greige fabric is washed off and dried to obtain the oxygen-bleached fabric.

[0018] Preferably, the desizing agent and oxygen bleaching agent contain 8-9 g / L hydrogen peroxide, 7-8 g / L liquid alkali, 25 g / L refining enzyme, 12 g / L refining agent, 3 g / L emulsifier, 2 g / L chelating dispersant and 5 g / L stabilizer.

[0019] Preferably, the long-car dyeing step (S.3) is as follows: Disperse dye, vat dye and auxiliary agent are added to the long car, the amount of disperse dye is 20-70g / L, the amount of vat dye is 10-60g / L, the fabric is dipped and padded with oxygen-bleached fabric dyeing liquor, pre-dried with infrared light, then dried, then baked in a baking oven, then passed through a reducing solution into a steam oven and then into a soaping box for thorough soaping to obtain dyed fabric off the machine.

[0020] Thirdly, the present invention also provides the application of the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking fabric described above in flame-retardant protective clothing.

[0021] Therefore, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) The flame-retardant non-swelling and non-shrinkage fabric in this invention uses acrylonitrile as the main flame-retardant fiber, and is supplemented with flame-retardant polyester and methyl methacrylate, which improves the flame retardant performance and non-swelling and non-shrinkage effect of the fabric, and effectively ensures the flame-retardant non-swelling and non-shrinkage effect of the fabric.

[0023] (2) In addition to its flame-retardant effect, the flame-retardant, non-swelling and non-shrink fabric of the present invention also has excellent durability and comfort. It can ensure the accuracy and consistency of color by using disperse dyes to pad dye acrylonitrile chlorofiber in batches over long-haul processes. It also solves the main color fastness problems of washability, light fastness, sweat fastness, and light and sweat fastness composite in the later use process.

[0024] (3) The present invention achieves the flame retardant effect by simply controlling the ratio between several different fiber materials, without the need for complex processing methods, which greatly improves the flame retardant stability and preparation efficiency of the material. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art will be able to implement the present invention based on these descriptions. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention described below are generally only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] The first embodiment of the present invention provides a flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking fabric.

[0027] The flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrink fabric contains acrylic fiber, bamboo lyocell, flame-retardant polyester, and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).

[0028] The amount of acrylonitrile added is 40-55% by weight of the total weight of the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrink fabric.

[0029] The flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrink fabric in this embodiment is obtained by rationally formulating acrylonitrile, bamboo lyocell, flame-retardant polyester, and polyvinyl chloride, so that it can simultaneously have good flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking effects, good comfort, and economic performance.

[0030] First, the fabric provided in this embodiment is mainly used for flame retardancy without swelling or shrinkage. Therefore, flame retardancy is the most important consideration. Thus, in the process of preparing the raw materials for this flame retardant fabric, acrylonitrile chlorofiber with better flame retardant properties is used as the main component, while flame retardant polyester and nylon, which also have good flame retardant properties, are used as auxiliary materials to reduce smoldering of the fabric and thus enhance the overall flame retardant performance of the fabric.

[0031] Existing technologies also employ the technique of blending aramid fibers into fabrics to effectively improve their flame-retardant properties. While aramid fibers possess excellent flame-retardant properties, chemical stability, and high strength and modulus, their high price makes it difficult to reduce the cost and increase the market penetration of flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking fabrics. Furthermore, aramid fibers have a generally stiff texture, resulting in fabrics with poor hand feel and breathability, which can easily cause discomfort when worn. In addition, aramid fibers have poor dyeing properties; when blended with other fibers, they are prone to uneven or unsuccessful dyeing during the dyeing process, leading to problems in actual use.

[0032] Although the flame retardant properties of the acrylonitrile fiber used in this embodiment are better than those of aramid fiber under the same conditions, and its strength is slightly inferior to that of aramid fiber, considering its price, feel, breathability and dyeability, replacing aramid fiber with acrylonitrile fiber and blending it with other fibers can effectively improve the overall strength of the fabric without reducing its flame retardancy.

[0033] In addition to the inherent flame-retardant properties of acrylic fiber, this embodiment also incorporates a certain amount of bamboo lyocell fiber. Made from natural bamboo, this fiber has numerous tiny pores compared to the other three fibers, resulting in excellent breathability. It not only allows for air circulation but also possesses good moisture absorption, quickly absorbing and releasing sweat to keep the skin dry and comfortable. Furthermore, it exhibits excellent antibacterial properties, effectively inhibiting bacterial growth, and its antibacterial effect does not diminish with repeated washing. Moreover, this fiber has a soft, smooth feel and excellent wearing comfort, and is less prone to static electricity, pilling, and color variations, ensuring reduced discomfort for users during prolonged wear.

[0034] Generally, unmodified bamboo lyocell fibers, like conventional cellulose fibers, do not possess flame-retardant properties. However, the inventors unexpectedly discovered in routine experiments that the addition of acrylonitrile can induce flame-retardant properties in bamboo lyocell fibers that originally lacked them during combustion. The inventors found that when the weight percentage of acrylonitrile in the fabric was above 40%, it effectively prevented the combustion of bamboo lyocell fibers. To investigate this phenomenon, the inventors replaced some or all of the acrylonitrile with flame-retardant fibers having the same or higher oxygen index. They found that when the acrylonitrile content decreased to a certain level, the flame-retardant properties of the acrylonitrile-induced bamboo lyocell fibers decreased significantly, resulting in open flame combustion or smoldering of the bamboo lyocell fibers.

[0035] Besides flame retardancy, flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking fabrics often need to withstand high-intensity usage environments, so abrasion resistance also needs to be considered. In this embodiment, acrylic fiber is used as the main component, which has excellent abrasion resistance, ensuring the fabric maintains good abrasion resistance even under high-intensity conditions. A certain amount of polyimide fiber is also added, whose abrasion resistance and tensile strength are 2-3 times that of other fibers, thus enhancing the fabric's abrasion resistance and service life.

[0036] In another embodiment of this application, the amount of bamboo lyocell added to the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrink fabric is 15-30% by weight of the total weight of the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrink fabric.

[0037] Bamboo lyocell fiber uses pulp formed from the crushing of renewable bamboo as raw material. Advanced processing technology allows for a solvent recovery rate of up to 99.7%, making it not only energy-saving and environmentally friendly but also sustainable. Garments made from this fiber have a natural luster, a smooth feel, high strength, and virtually no shrinkage. They also offer excellent moisture permeability and breathability, earning it the reputation as one of the most valuable man-made fibers in the past half-century. Combining the superior properties of both natural and synthetic fibers, lyocell is a green fiber. Its raw material is the inexhaustible cellulose found in nature, and its production process involves no chemical reactions and uses non-toxic solvents.

[0038] In another embodiment of this application, relative to the total weight of the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric, the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric contains 40-55% by weight of acrylonitrile, 15-30% by weight of bamboo lyocell, 15-30% by weight of flame-retardant polyester, and 10-25% by weight of polyvinyl chloride.

[0039] In this embodiment, the proportions of each component in the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrink fabric formulation were carefully considered and weighed to achieve a balance between flame retardancy, comfort, durability, and cost. Unexpected technical effects were also achieved.

[0040] In another embodiment of this application, the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking fabric comprises, relative to its total weight, 50% by weight of acrylonitrile, 20% by weight of bamboo lyocell, 15% by weight of flame-retardant polyester, and 15% by weight of polyvinyl chloride.

[0041] In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking fabric as described above is also provided.

[0042] Includes the following steps:

[0043] (S.1) Blend unbleached acrylic fiber, bamboo lyocell, flame-retardant polyester and polymethyl methacrylate in the above proportions to form yarn;

[0044] (S.2) The yarn is woven into a greige fabric after passing through warping and sizing in sequence;

[0045] (S.3) The greige fabric is desized, oxygen bleached, dyed, set, and pre-shrinked in a long machine to obtain the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking fabric.

[0046] In another embodiment of this application, step (S.1) further includes the following steps:

[0047] (S.1.1) Fiber screening: Screen the raw fiber to remove impurities, burrs and oil stains;

[0048] (S.1.2) Carding: The carding machine disperses the fibers, eliminates fiber clumps, and improves fiber uniformity and spinning quality; (S.1.3) Drawing: The carded fibers are combined into relatively uniform long strips for subsequent processing;

[0049] (S.1.4) Roving: Rovings can be processed from slivers into rovings of different counts and twists for use in the spinning process;

[0050] (S.1.5) Fine yarn: Fine yarn spun from coarse yarn according to design requirements, used for weaving cloth.

[0051] In another embodiment of this application, the warping step (S.2) is as follows: the yarns are prepared into warp yarns of a certain density and specification according to certain specifications and quantities, and then warped using a warping machine. The main parameters of warping include warp yarn density, warp tension, and warp width. Generally, the warp yarn density is about 20 warp yarns per inch, the tension is between 300-400N, and the width can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0052] In another embodiment of this application, the sizing process in step (S.2) is as follows: the warped yarn is placed in a sizing tank, the hot water in the sizing tank is heated to 90-95°C, and sizing agent and lubricant are added for soaking, so that the sizing agent enters the yarn. After pressing, ironing and drying, yarn with sizing agent coated on the surface is obtained.

[0053] In another embodiment of this application, the sizing agent used in the sizing process can be a starch sizing agent or a polyacrylamide sizing agent. Starch sizing agents have the advantages of being non-toxic, odorless, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly; however, they are relatively fragile and easily damaged, leading to yarn breakage. Polyacrylamide sizing agents have good flexibility and tensile strength, are not easily broken, and provide good protection for the yarn; however, they are more expensive, resulting in a higher relative cost.

[0054] In another preferred embodiment of this application, the sizing agent used in the sizing process comprises, by weight percentage, 5-10% starch, 10-15% polyacrylamide, and the balance water.

[0055] The sizing agent in this embodiment contains both starch and polyacrylamide, which can effectively coat the yarn surface, thus providing good protection for the yarn. Furthermore, the polyacrylamide and starch can form effective hydrogen bonds, thereby enhancing the protective effect on the yarn.

[0056] In another embodiment of this application, the amount of sizing agent added to the sizing tank is 5-20%.

[0057] In another embodiment of this application, the long-car desizing and oxygen bleaching process in step (S.3) is as follows: the greige fabric is placed in the long car and the desizing and oxygen bleaching additives are added. The temperature of the steaming box is controlled at 80-95°C and the desizing time is 50-60 minutes. The sizing material on the greige fabric is washed off and dried to obtain the oxygen-bleached fabric.

[0058] In another embodiment of this application, the desizing agent and oxygen bleaching agent comprise 8-9 g / L hydrogen peroxide, 7-8 g / L liquid alkali, 25 g / L refining enzyme, 6 g / L dewaxing agent, 12 g / L refining agent, 3 g / L emulsifier, 2 g / L chelating dispersant, and 5 g / L stabilizer.

[0059] In another embodiment of this application, the long-car dyeing step (S.3) is as follows: Disperse dye, vat dye and auxiliary agent are added to the long car, the amount of disperse dye is 20-60g / L, the amount of vat dye is 10-60g / L, the fabric is dipped and padded with oxygen-bleached fabric dyeing liquor, pre-dried with infrared light, then dried, then baked in a baking oven, then passed through a reducing solution into a steam oven and then into a soaping box for thorough soaping to obtain dyed fabric off the machine.

[0060] In another embodiment of this application, the post-setting step in step (S.3) is as follows: the dyed fabric is placed in a finishing device, and softeners, antibacterial agents and other auxiliary agents are added. The finishing and dosage is 20-50 g / L. The temperature of the finishing device is adjusted to 110-120 degrees Celsius, the finishing time is 1 minute, and the fabric is dried to obtain the desired flame-retardant, non-swelling and non-shrinking fabric.

[0061] In another embodiment of this application, the pre-shrinking step in step (S.3) is as follows: the post-shaped fabric is placed in a pre-shrinking device, and a soft hand feel and a stable shrinkage rate are obtained by spraying steam, and then dried to obtain the desired flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking fabric.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] A flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrink fabric, wherein, relative to the total weight of the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrink fabric, the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrink fabric comprises 40% by weight of acrylonitrile, 15% by weight of bamboo lyocell, 25% by weight of flame-retardant polyester, and 15% by weight of polyvinyl chloride.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] A flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric, wherein, relative to the total weight of the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric, the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric contains 50% by weight of acrylonitrile, 15% by weight of bamboo lyocell, 25% by weight of flame-retardant polyester, and 10% by weight of polyvinyl chloride.

[0066] Example 3

[0067] A flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric, wherein, relative to the total weight of the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric, the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric contains 55% by weight of acrylonitrile, 15% by weight of bamboo lyocell, 20% by weight of flame-retardant polyester, and 10% by weight of polyvinyl chloride.

[0068] Example 4

[0069] A flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric, wherein, relative to the total weight of the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric, the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric comprises 55% by weight of acrylonitrile, 30% by weight of bamboo lyocell, 25% by weight of flame-retardant polyester, and 10% by weight of polyvinyl chloride.

[0070] Example 5

[0071] A flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking fabric, wherein, relative to the total weight of the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking fabric, the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking fabric contains 55% by weight of acrylonitrile, 20% by weight of bamboo lyocell, 15% by weight of flame-retardant polyester, and 10% by weight of polyvinyl chloride.

[0072] Example 6

[0073] A flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric, wherein, relative to the total weight of the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric, the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric contains 55% by weight of acrylonitrile, 15% by weight of bamboo lyocell, 15% by weight of flame-retardant polyester, and 15% by weight of polyvinyl chloride.

[0074] Example 7

[0075] A flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric, wherein, relative to the total weight of the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric, the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric comprises 55% by weight of acrylonitrile, 15% by weight of bamboo lyocell, 25% by weight of flame-retardant polyester, and 10% by weight of polyvinyl chloride.

[0076] Example 8

[0077] A flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric, wherein, relative to the total weight of the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric, the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric contains 53% by weight of acrylonitrile, 15% by weight of bamboo lyocell, 20% by weight of flame-retardant polyester, and 12% by weight of polyvinyl chloride.

[0078] Comparative Example 1

[0079] A flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric, wherein, relative to the total weight of the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric, the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric contains 35% by weight of acrylonitrile, 15% by weight of bamboo lyocell, 40% by weight of flame-retardant polyester, and 10% by weight of polyvinyl chloride.

[0080] Comparative Example 2

[0081] A flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric, wherein, relative to the total weight of the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric, the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric comprises 35% by weight of acrylonitrile, 15% by weight of aramid, 15% by weight of bamboo lyocell, 25% by weight of flame-retardant polyester, and 10% by weight of nylon.

[0082] Comparative Example 3

[0083] A flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric, wherein, relative to the total weight of the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric, the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric contains 35% by weight of acrylonitrile, 15% by weight of bamboo lyocell, 25% by weight of flame-retardant polyester, and 25% by weight of polyvinyl chloride.

[0084] Comparative Example 4

[0085] A flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking fabric, wherein, relative to the total weight of the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking fabric, the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking fabric contains 65% by weight of acrylonitrile, 5% by weight of bamboo lyocell, 20% by weight of flame-retardant polyester, and 10% by weight of polyvinyl chloride.

[0086] Comparative Example 5

[0087] A flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking fabric, wherein, relative to the total weight of the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking fabric, the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking fabric comprises 55% by weight of acrylonitrile, 5% by weight of bamboo lyocell, 25% by weight of flame-retardant polyester, and 15% by weight of polyvinyl chloride.

[0088] Comparative Example 6

[0089] A flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking fabric, wherein, relative to the total weight of the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking fabric, the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking fabric contains 45% by weight of acrylonitrile, 35% by weight of bamboo lyocell, 10% by weight of flame-retardant polyester, and 10% by weight of polyvinyl chloride.

[0090] Comparative Example 7

[0091] A flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric, wherein, relative to the total weight of the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric, the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric contains 55% by weight of acrylonitrile, 15% by weight of bamboo lyocell, and 30% by weight of flame-retardant polyester.

[0092] Comparative Example 8

[0093] A flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric, wherein, relative to the total weight of the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric, the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinkage fabric contains 55% by weight of acrylonitrile, 15% by weight of bamboo lyocell, 27% by weight of flame-retardant polyester, and 3% by weight of polyvinyl chloride.

[0094] Comparative Example 9

[0095] A flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking fabric, wherein, relative to the total weight of the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking fabric, the flame-retardant, non-swelling, and non-shrinking fabric contains 55% by weight of acrylonitrile, 15% by weight of bamboo lyocell, 10% by weight of flame-retardant polyester, and 20% by weight of polyvinyl chloride.

[0096] Performance testing:

[0097] Flame retardancy test: The flame retardant, non-expanding and non-shrinking fabric is subjected to a flammability test according to GB8965.1-2020 requirements and GB / T5455-2014. The damage length, afterflame time, smoldering time, thermal protection coefficient, strength, color fastness and comfort of the flame retardant fabric are measured.

[0098] The test results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0099] Table 1

[0100]

[0101] As can be seen from the data in the table above, the flame-retardant, heat-insulating, non-expanding, and non-shrinking fabric in this application has excellent surface properties in terms of flame retardancy, thermal protection, mechanical properties, color fastness, and thermal stability.

[0102] Comparing Comparative Example 1 with Examples 1-3, it was found that reducing the amount of acrylonitrile added to 35% in Comparative Examples 1-3, and replacing the reduced portion of acrylonitrile with flame-retardant fibers having the same or higher oxygen index, resulted in a significant decrease in the overall flame retardancy test results of the fabric. This indicates that the flame retardancy of bamboo lyocell fibers induced by acrylonitrile decreases substantially, leading to open flame combustion or smoldering of the bamboo lyocell fibers. Simultaneously, the fabric's thermal stability also significantly decreases with the reduction in acrylonitrile content.

[0103] However, the applicant unexpectedly discovered that the content of acrylonitrile chlorofiber is not necessarily better the higher it is. In Comparative Example 4, it was found that when the content of acrylonitrile chlorofiber was increased to 65% by weight, although no burning phenomenon occurred, the smoldering time and damage length were increased to a certain extent, and the thermal stability of the fabric also decreased significantly.

[0104] The comparative examples show that the amount of bamboo lyocell fiber added also has a certain impact on the smoldering time. Adding too much or too little bamboo lyocell fiber increases the smoldering time and damage length to some extent. This indicates that when the fabric contains only 40-55% acrylonitrile and 15-30% bamboo lyocell, the flame retardancy of the acrylonitrile-induced bamboo lyocell fiber will be greatly improved, thus achieving a better synergistic flame retardant effect.

[0105] In Comparative Examples 7 and 8, the addition of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was reduced or eliminated, resulting in a sharp decline in its flame retardant properties. In fact, the flame retardant test even showed that the MMA had a significant impact on the flame retardant properties of the fabric. Other data also show that the addition of MMA has a positive effect on the thermal stability of the fabric.

[0106] Comparative Example 9 significantly increased the amount of methyl methacrylate (MMA). The test results show that while overall performance was good, the excessive amount of MMA introduces two additional problems. First, MMA is expensive, costing five times more than acrylic fiber and 20 times more than lyocell and flame-retardant polyester. Therefore, excessive MMA addition leads to a substantial increase in overall fabric cost. Second, MMA is golden yellow, and current technology cannot dye it. Adding a small amount may prevent dyeing, but adding more than 15% results in a patchy fabric surface, severely impacting its visual appeal.

Claims

1.A flame-retardant non-swelling and non-shrinking fabric, characterized in that, the fabric comprises 40-55 wt% of modacrylic, 15-30 wt% of bamboo lyocell, 15-30 wt% of flame-retardant polyester and 10-15 wt% of polyamide, relative to the total weight of the fabric. 2.The flame-retardant non-swelling and non-shrinking fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that, the fabric comprises 50 wt% of modacrylic, 20 wt% of bamboo lyocell, 15 wt% of flame-retardant polyester and 15 wt% of polyamide, relative to the total weight of the fabric. 3.A method for preparing the flame-retardant non-swelling and non-shrinking fabric according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps: (S.1) blending raw modacrylic, bamboo lyocell, flame-retardant polyester and polyamide into yarn according to the above proportions; (S.2) weaving the yarn into grey fabric after warping and sizing; (S.3) obtaining the flame-retardant non-swelling and non-shrinking fabric after desizing, oxygen bleaching, long-beam dyeing, mercerization and finishing of the grey fabric. 4.The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, the long-beam desizing and oxygen bleaching in step (S.3) is as follows: placing the grey fabric into a long-beam machine, adding desizing agent and oxygen bleaching auxiliary agent, controlling the temperature of the steaming box to be 80-95℃, and desizing for 50-60 min, then washing and drying the fabric to obtain the oxygen-bleached fabric. 5.The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, the desizing agent and oxygen bleaching agent comprises 8-9 g / L of hydrogen peroxide, 7-8 g / L of liquid alkali, 25 g / L of refining enzyme, 12 g / L of refining agent, 3 g / L of emulsifier, 2 g / L of chelating dispersant and 5 g / L of stabilizer. 6.The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, the finishing step in step (S.3) is as follows: placing the dyed fabric into a finishing device, adding softening agent and antibacterial agent, adjusting the temperature of the finishing device to 110-120℃, finishing for 1 min, and drying to obtain the flame-retardant non-swelling and non-shrinking fabric. 7.The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, the long-beam dyeing step in step (S.3) is as follows: adding disperse dye and auxiliary agent into the long-beam machine, the amount of disperse dye being 20-70 g / L, the amount of reducing dye being 10-60 g / L, padding the oxygen-bleached fabric with the dyeing liquor, one-dip-one-pad, drying after infrared pre-drying, then entering the curing oven, and then entering the steaming box and the soaping box for sufficient soaping to obtain the dyed fabric. 8.Use of the flame-retardant non-swelling and non-shrinking fabric according to any one of claims 1-2 or prepared by the method according to any one of claims 3-7 in flame-retardant protective clothing. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

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