A combustion chamber head device and a combustion chamber

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of gas turbine technology, and particularly to a combustor head device and a combustor. The combustor head device includes a flame tube assembly, which comprises a coaxially arranged central stage swirler and a main stage swirler. The central stage swirler includes multiple central stage air channels, which are uniformly distributed circumferentially around the axial direction of the central stage swirler. The main stage swirler includes multiple main stage air channels, which are uniformly distributed circumferentially around the axial direction of the main stage swirler. The extending directions of the central stage air channels and the main stage air channels are both angled to the axial direction of the main stage swirler. Gaps exist between the multiple central stage air channels and multiple central stage fuel manifolds, and gaps also exist between the multiple main stage air channels and multiple main stage fuel manifolds. The combustor head device of this application can avoid the problem of backfire.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of gas turbine technology, and in particular to a combustion chamber head device and a combustion chamber. Background Technology

[0002] A gas turbine is an internal combustion power machine that uses a continuously flowing gas as a working fluid to drive an impeller to rotate at high speed and convert the energy of the fuel into useful work. It is a type of rotating impeller thermal engine.

[0003] In existing technologies, most gas turbine combustors are designed for gaseous hydrocarbon fuels such as natural gas. The flame in the combustor is stabilized by a low-speed recirculation zone generated by a two-stage cyclone separator. When hydrogen is mixed into the fuel, and the hydrogen content is 30-40 vol%, problems such as backfire, wall overheating, and worsening NOx emissions occur. Furthermore, the cyclone separators in existing technologies produce large swirling flames. As the proportion of hydrogen in the fuel increases, the adiabatic flame temperature and flame propagation speed increase. At this point, the cyclone separator produces a large-volume, high-temperature flame, resulting in high NOx emissions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a combustion chamber head device and a combustion chamber. The combustion chamber head device of the present application can stabilize the flame at the head of the combustion chamber, reduce NOx emissions, and avoid backfire problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a combustion chamber head device. The combustion chamber head device includes: a fuel pipe assembly and a flame tube assembly. The fuel pipe assembly includes a central stage fuel main, multiple central stage fuel manifolds, a main stage fuel collection box, at least one main stage fuel main, and multiple main stage fuel manifolds. The central stage fuel manifolds are evenly distributed circumferentially along the axial direction of the central stage fuel main, and each central stage fuel manifold is connected to the central stage fuel main. The outlet direction of the central stage fuel main is the same as the outlet direction of the multiple central stage fuel manifolds. At least one main stage fuel main and multiple main stage fuel manifolds are connected to both sides of the main stage fuel collection box. The flame tube assembly includes a coaxially arranged central stage cyclone separator and a main stage fuel collection box. The system comprises a central stage cyclone separator, which includes multiple central stage air channels evenly distributed circumferentially around the central stage cyclone separator's axis. The main stage cyclone separator also includes multiple main stage air channels evenly distributed circumferentially around the main stage cyclone separator's axis. Specifically, the extension directions of the central stage air channels and the main stage air channels are both angled with the central stage cyclone separator's axis. Gaps exist between the multiple central stage air channels and the multiple central stage fuel manifolds, and gaps also exist between the multiple main stage air channels and the multiple main stage fuel manifolds.

[0007] In the combustion chamber head device of this application, the extension direction of the central stage air passage is set at an angle to the axis of the central stage swirler, and the extension direction of the main stage air passage is set at an angle to the axis of the main stage swirler. This can be understood as the paths of the central stage air passages and the main stage air passages being set at an angle to each other, creating a recirculation zone for the mixed gas ejected through the central and main stage air passages, thereby forming stable central and main stage flames and preventing backfire. Furthermore, gaps exist between the multiple central stage air passages and multiple central stage fuel manifolds, and between the multiple main stage air passages and multiple main stage fuel manifolds. This allows for premixing of the fuel entering the main and central stage air passages, thereby improving combustion efficiency and reducing NOx emissions.

[0008] Optionally, the air inlets of the main stage air passage and the air inlets of the central stage air passage have chamfers.

[0009] Optionally, the central stage cyclone further includes a plurality of central stage cooling holes, which are evenly distributed axially around the central stage cyclone axis. In the radial direction, the central stage cooling holes, the central stage air passage, and the main stage air passage are arranged sequentially.

[0010] Optionally, the flame tube assembly further includes a swirler connector located between the central stage swirler and the main stage swirler along the radial direction. The swirler connector is used to connect the side of the central stage swirler away from the fuel tube assembly, and there is a gap between the outer wall of the central stage swirler and the inner wall of the main stage swirler. The swirler connector includes a plurality of connector cooling holes distributed around the axial direction of the central stage swirler on the swirler connector.

[0011] Optionally, from the central stage cyclone separator towards the main stage cyclone separator, the distance between the end of the main stage cyclone separator away from the main stage fuel manifold gradually decreases.

[0012] Optionally, the flame tube assembly further includes a tube body and a flame tube mounting plate. The tube body includes a main body and a mounting part. The mounting part and the main body are coaxially arranged, and the inner diameter of the mounting part is smaller than the inner diameter of the main body. The mounting part is used to cooperate with the outer wall of the main stage cyclone.

[0013] The flame tube mounting plate includes an inlet section and a connecting section. The inlet section includes multiple inlet section cooling holes. The inlet section is used to connect with the main body. The connecting section is used to fix the flame tube mounting plate.

[0014] Optionally, the mounting portion includes a plurality of axially distributed flame tube film cooling hole groups, each of the flame tube film cooling hole groups including a plurality of spaced flame tube film cooling holes circumferentially distributed around the mounting portion, wherein:

[0015] The projections of the multiple flame tube gas film cooling hole groups on the outer wall of the main stage cyclone separator in the axial direction do not coincide.

[0016] Optionally, the main body includes a plurality of film cooling hole groups and at least one mixing hole group. The plurality of film cooling hole groups are arranged axially and distributed in the circumferential direction at both ends of the main body, and the plurality of film cooling hole groups are close to one end of the central stage cyclone separator and the main stage cyclone separator.

[0017] Optionally, the combustion chamber head assembly includes a casing assembly, the casing assembly including a casing, an igniter, and a first flange; the fuel pipe assembly includes a second flange for securing the central stage fuel header and at least one of the main stage fuel headers, wherein:

[0018] The igniter is fixed to the housing, the first flange is connected to one end of the housing, and the first flange is fixedly connected to the second flange. The connecting section is located between the first flange and the second flange. The cylinder passes through the housing, and there is a gas flow gap between the cylinder, the mounting part and the inner wall of the housing.

[0019] Secondly, based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide a combustion chamber, including the combustion chamber head device as described in any of the technical solutions of the first aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a combustion chamber head device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a fuel pipe assembly of a combustion chamber head device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is another structural schematic diagram of the combustion chamber head device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is another structural schematic diagram of the combustion chamber head device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the central stage cyclone separator and the main stage fuel manifold of the combustion chamber head device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the main stage swirler and main stage fuel manifold of the combustion chamber head device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Icons: 10-Fuel pipe assembly; 11-Central stage fuel manifold; 12-Central stage fuel manifold; 13-Main stage fuel collection box; 14-Main stage fuel manifold; 15-Main stage fuel manifold; 16-Second flange; 20-Central stage cyclone separator; 21-Central stage air passage; 22-Central stage cooling hole; 30-Main stage cyclone separator; 31-Main stage air passage; 40-Cyclone separator connector; 41-Connector cooling hole; 50-Cylinder body; 51-Main body; 52-Mounting section; 510-Film cooling hole; 511-Mixing hole; 520-Flame tube film cooling hole; 60-Flame tube mounting plate; 61-Inlet section; 610-Inlet section cooling hole; 62-Connecting section; 70-Casing assembly; 71-Casing; 72-Igniter; 73-First flange. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Reference Figures 1-6 This embodiment provides a combustion chamber head device, which includes a fuel pipe assembly 10. The fuel pipe assembly 10 includes a central stage fuel manifold 11, a plurality of central stage fuel manifolds 12, a main stage fuel collection box 13, at least one main stage fuel manifold 14, and a plurality of main stage fuel manifolds 15. The plurality of central stage fuel manifolds 12 are uniformly connected to the central stage fuel manifold 11 circumferentially along the axial direction of the central stage fuel manifold 11, and the outlet direction of the central stage fuel manifold 11 is the same as the outlet direction of the plurality of central stage fuel manifolds 12. The at least one main stage fuel manifold 14 and the plurality of main stage fuel manifolds 15 are connected to both sides of the main stage fuel collection box 13. A flame tube assembly is also provided, which includes a coaxially arranged central stage swirler 20 and a main stage swirler 30. The central stage cyclone separator 20 includes multiple central stage air channels 21, which are uniformly distributed circumferentially around the axial direction of the central stage cyclone separator 20. The main stage cyclone separator 30 includes multiple main stage air channels 31, which are uniformly distributed circumferentially around the axial direction of the main stage cyclone separator 30. The extension directions of the central stage air channels 21 and the main stage air channels 31 are both angled with the axial direction of the central stage cyclone separator 20. Gaps exist between the multiple central stage air channels 21 and the multiple central stage fuel manifolds 12, and gaps exist between the multiple main stage air channels 31 and the multiple main stage fuel manifolds 15.

[0029] In this embodiment, the main stage fuel collection box 13 is an annular rotating body. The multiple central stage fuel manifolds 12 are bent, specifically, the multiple central stage fuel manifolds 12 can be bent at 90 degrees, and the jet direction of the multiple central stage fuel manifolds 12 corresponds to the inlet of the multiple central stage air passages 21.

[0030] Fuel is injected into multiple central-stage air passages 21 via the central-stage fuel manifold 11 and multiple central-stage fuel manifolds 12 connected to it. Fuel also enters the main-stage fuel collection box 13 via the main-stage fuel manifold 14. Fuel in the main-stage fuel collection box 13 is then injected into multiple main-stage air passages 31 via multiple main-stage fuel manifolds 15, ensuring that fuel enters both the central-stage air passages 21 and the main-stage air passages 31. During the process of fuel entering the central-stage air passages 21 and the main-stage air passages 31, gaps exist between the multiple central-stage air passages 21 and the multiple central-stage fuel manifolds 12, and between the multiple main-stage air passages 31 and the multiple main-stage fuel manifolds 15. This allows the fuel to premix with air upon entering the central-stage air passages 21 and the main-stage air passages 31, thereby improving combustion efficiency and reducing NOx emissions.

[0031] After the mixed gas enters the central stage air passage 21 and the main stage air passage 31, the path of the mixed gas flow is set at an angle to the axis of the main stage swirler 30, so that the mixed gas ejected through the central stage air passage 21 and the main stage air passage 31 forms a backflow zone, thereby forming a stable central stage flame and main stage flame to prevent backfire.

[0032] In the above embodiments, the central stage air passage 21 and the main stage air passage 31 have the same shape. Specifically, the central stage air passage 21 and the main stage air passage 31 can be cylindrical, rectangular, or triangular, etc.

[0033] In one embodiment, the distance d1 between the main stage fuel manifold 15 and the main stage air passage 31 along the axial direction of the main stage cyclone separator 30 is defined as follows: The distance d2 between the central stage fuel manifold 12 and the central stage air passage 21 along the axial direction of the central stage cyclone separator 20 is defined as follows: When both d1 and d2 are greater than zero, the larger the values ​​of d1 and d2, the greater the air intake volume. The distance between d1 and d2 is determined according to the amount of air intake. When both d1 and d2 are less than zero, the outer diameter of the main stage fuel manifold 15 is smaller than the inner diameter of the main stage air passage 31, and the outer diameter of the central stage fuel manifold 12 is smaller than the inner diameter of the central stage air passage 21. Under the pressure difference between the upstream and downstream of the central stage cyclone separator 20 and the ejection effect of the central stage fuel manifold, air can enter the central stage air passage 21 from the annular gap between the central stage fuel manifold 12 and the central stage air passage 21, thus mixing the fuel gas with the air. Air can also enter the main stage air passage 31 from the annular gap of the main stage fuel manifold 15 and the main stage air passage 31 under the pressure difference between the upstream and downstream of the main stage cyclone separator 30 and the high-speed gas ejection effect, so that the gas mixes with the air.

[0034] The air inlets of the main stage air passage 31 and the central stage air passage 21 are chamfered to reduce air intake pressure loss. Fuel is injected axially through the central stage fuel manifold 12, and air enters the central stage air passage 21 through the gap between the central stage fuel manifold 12 and the central stage air passage 21, where fuel gas and air mix and flow simultaneously. Similarly, fuel is injected axially through the main stage fuel manifold 15, and air enters the main stage air passage 31 through the gap between the main stage fuel manifold 15 and the main stage air passage 31, where fuel gas and air mix and flow simultaneously. Due to the arrangement of the main stage air passage 31 and the central stage air passage 21, the angle between the main stage air passage 31 and the axial direction is ∠β, and the angle between the central stage air passage 21 and the axial direction is ∠α. Therefore, the flow direction of the fuel and air changes after entering the main stage air passage 31 and the central stage air passage 21, and then they are ejected through the main stage air passage 31 and the central stage air passage 21. The main stage air passage 31 and the central stage air passage 21 have an angle, and the fuel and air ejected through the main stage air passage 31 and the central stage air passage 21 can generate swirling flow, forming a recirculation zone in the cylinder 50, thereby forming a stable central stage flame and main stage flame.

[0035] In one embodiment, from the central stage cyclone 20 towards the main stage cyclone 30, the distance between the end of the main stage cyclone 30 and the main stage fuel manifold 15 gradually decreases. This can be understood as the end of the main stage cyclone 30 away from the main stage fuel manifold 15 being a conical surface; adjusting the angle of this conical surface can adjust the flame shape, flame angle, and flame position of the main stage cyclone 30.

[0036] In one embodiment, the flame tube assembly includes a swirler connector 40 located radially between a central stage swirler 20 and a main stage swirler 30. The swirler connector 40 is used to connect the side of the central stage swirler 20 away from the fuel tube assembly 10, and there is a gap between the outer wall of the central stage swirler 20 and the inner wall of the main stage swirler 30, so as to fix the main stage swirler 30 and the central stage swirler 20, and to form a whole with the main stage swirler 30, the central stage swirler 20 and the swirler connector 40.

[0037] In one embodiment, the flame tube assembly includes a tube body 50 and a flame tube mounting plate 60; the combustion chamber head device includes a housing assembly 70, which includes a housing 71, an igniter 72, and a first flange 73; the fuel pipe assembly includes a second flange 16, which is used to fix the central stage fuel main pipe 11 and at least one main stage fuel main pipe 14, wherein: the igniter 72 is fixed to the housing 71; the first flange 73 is connected to one end of the housing 71 and is fixedly connected to the second flange 16; one end of the flame tube mounting plate 60 is located between the first flange 73 and the second flange 16; and the other end of the flame tube mounting plate 60 passes through the housing 71. More specifically, the cylinder 50 includes a main body 51 and a mounting part 52, which are coaxially arranged. The inner diameter of the mounting part 52 is smaller than that of the main body 51. The mounting part 52 is used to mate with the outer wall of the main stage cyclone separator 30. The flame tube mounting plate 60 includes an inlet section 61 and a connecting section 62. The inlet section 61 is used to connect with the main body 51 and includes a plurality of inlet section cooling holes 610. The connecting section 62 is used to fix the flame tube mounting plate 60. Furthermore, there is a gas flow gap between the cylinder 50, the mounting part 52, and the inner wall of the casing 71.

[0038] In some embodiments, the mounting portion 52 includes a plurality of axially distributed flame tube film cooling holes 520 groups, each flame tube film cooling hole 520 group including a plurality of spaced flame tube film cooling holes 520 arranged circumferentially around the mounting portion 52, wherein: the plurality of flame tube film cooling holes 520 groups do not coincide with the projection of the outer wall of the main stage cyclone 30 in the axial direction.

[0039] In some embodiments, the main body 51 includes a plurality of film cooling holes 510 groups and at least one mixing hole 511 group. The plurality of film cooling holes 510 groups are arranged axially and distributed in the circumferential direction at both ends of the main body 51, with the plurality of film cooling holes 510 groups close to one end of the central stage cyclone separator 20 and the main stage cyclone separator 30.

[0040] In the above embodiments, when the two-stage lean-burn premixed swirling flame is formed by the main stage swirler 30 and the central stage swirler 20, wall overheating is likely to occur. Therefore, it is necessary to cool the front end face of the central swirler, the area between the central stage swirler 20 and the main stage swirler 30, and the outer side of the main stage swirler 30. There is an annular gap between the central stage fuel manifold 11 and the central stage swirler 20, and the central stage swirler 20 includes central stage cooling holes 22. Multiple central stage cooling holes 22 are evenly distributed axially around the central stage swirler 20, wherein, in the radial direction, the central stage cooling holes 22, the central stage air passage 21, and the main stage air passage 31 are arranged sequentially. Cooling gas enters from the annular gap between the central stage fuel manifold 11 and the central stage swirler 20, and is sprayed onto the main body 51 from the multiple central stage cooling holes 22 to cool the front end face of the central stage swirler 20. It is worth mentioning that the front end of the central stage cyclone separator 20 can be understood as the side of the central stage cyclone separator 20 away from the central stage fuel manifold 12.

[0041] A gap exists between the outer wall of the central-stage cyclone separator 20 and the inner wall of the main-stage cyclone separator 30. The cyclone connector 40 includes multiple connector cooling holes 41, which are axially distributed around the central-stage cyclone separator 20. Cooling gas enters through the gap between the outer wall of the central-stage cyclone separator 20 and the inner wall of the main-stage cyclone separator 30, and exits through the multiple connector cooling holes 41.

[0042] Multiple flame tube film cooling holes 520 do not coincide with the axial projection of the outer wall of the main stage cyclone separator 30, so that the cooling gas can cool the main stage cyclone separator 30.

[0043] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide a combustion chamber, including the combustion chamber head device as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0044] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A combustion chamber head device, characterized in that, include: A fuel pipe assembly, comprising a central stage fuel main, multiple central stage fuel manifolds, a main stage fuel collection box, at least one main stage fuel main and multiple main stage fuel manifolds, wherein the multiple central stage fuel manifolds are uniformly connected to the central stage fuel main in the circumferential direction along the axial direction of the central stage fuel main, and the outlet of the central stage fuel main is in the same direction as the outlet of the multiple central stage fuel manifolds; the at least one main stage fuel main and multiple main stage fuel manifolds are connected to both sides of the main stage fuel collection box. A flame tube assembly includes a coaxially arranged central stage vortex and a main stage vortex. The central stage vortex includes multiple central stage air channels, which are evenly distributed circumferentially around the axial direction of the central stage vortex. The main stage vortex includes multiple main stage air channels, which are evenly distributed circumferentially around the axial direction of the main stage vortex. The extension direction of the central stage air channels forms an angle with the axial direction of the central stage vortex, and the extension direction of the main stage air channels also forms an angle with the axial direction of the main stage vortex. There are gaps between the plurality of central stage air passages and the plurality of central stage fuel manifolds, and there are gaps between the plurality of primary stage air passages and the plurality of primary stage fuel manifolds.

2. The combustion chamber head device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air inlets of the main stage air passage and the air inlets of the central stage air passage have chamfers.

3. The combustion chamber head device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central stage cyclone separator also includes a plurality of central stage cooling holes, which are evenly distributed axially around the central stage cyclone separator. In the radial direction, the central stage cooling holes, the central stage air passage, and the main stage air passage are arranged in sequence.

4. The combustion chamber head device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The flame tube assembly further includes a swirler connector, which is located between the central stage swirler and the main stage swirler along the radial direction. The swirler connector connects the central stage swirler to the side away from the fuel pipe assembly, and a gap exists between the outer wall of the central stage swirler and the inner wall of the main stage swirler. The hydrocyclone connector includes a plurality of connector cooling holes, which are distributed around the axial direction of the central stage hydrocyclone in the hydrocyclone connector.

5. The combustion chamber head device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, From the central stage cyclone separator toward the main stage cyclone separator, the distance between the end of the main stage cyclone separator away from the main stage fuel manifold gradually decreases.

6. The combustion chamber head device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flame tube assembly further includes a tube body and a flame tube mounting plate. The tube body includes a main body and a mounting part. The mounting part and the main body are coaxially arranged, and the inner diameter of the mounting part is smaller than the inner diameter of the main body. The mounting part is used to cooperate with the outer wall of the main stage cyclone. The flame tube mounting plate includes an inlet section and a connecting section. The inlet section is used to connect with the main body and includes a plurality of inlet section cooling holes. The connecting section is used to fix the flame tube mounting plate.

7. The combustion chamber head device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The mounting portion includes multiple axially distributed flame tube film cooling hole groups, each of which includes multiple spaced flame tube film cooling holes arranged circumferentially around the mounting portion, wherein: The projections of the multiple flame tube gas film cooling hole groups on the outer wall of the main stage cyclone separator in the axial direction do not coincide.

8. The combustion chamber head device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The main body includes multiple air film cooling hole groups and at least one mixing hole group. The multiple air film cooling hole groups are arranged axially and circumferentially. The multiple air film cooling hole groups and at least one mixing hole group are distributed at both ends of the main body, and the multiple air film cooling hole groups are close to one end of the central stage cyclone separator and the main stage cyclone separator.

9. The combustion chamber head device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The combustion chamber head assembly includes a casing assembly, which includes a casing, an igniter, and a first flange; the fuel pipe assembly includes a second flange for securing the center stage fuel manifold and at least one of the main stage fuel manifolds, wherein: The igniter is fixed to the housing, the first flange is connected to one end of the housing, and the first flange is fixedly connected to the second flange. The connecting section is located between the first flange and the second flange. The cylinder passes through the housing, and there is a gas flow gap between the cylinder, the mounting part and the inner wall of the housing.

10. A combustion chamber, characterized in that, Includes the combustion chamber head device as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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