A teaching and training system for column-type defective pile test field

Abstract

This invention relates to a teaching and training system for a column-type defect pile test field, comprising multiple simulated pile foundations, each containing different simulated defect structures. The system also includes guide rails arranged along the distribution direction of each simulated pile foundation. A circulating chain, distributed along the guide rail's direction and located inside the guide rail, is mounted on the upper side of the guide rail. The system further includes reversing sprockets for the circulating chain to rotate, at least one of which is a drive sprocket driven by a power mechanism. A pile foundation connecting frame is fixed to the upper side of the guide rail mating seat on each simulated pile foundation. The side of the pile foundation connecting frame adjacent to the circulating chain is connected to the circulating chain via a transmission bracket. The simulated defect structures are located on the upper side of the circulating chain. This invention solves the technical problem in existing technologies where the fixed positions of simulated pile foundations lead to easy memorization of simulated defects by trainees, ultimately resulting in poor training effectiveness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to teaching support facilities in the field of teaching and training, and in particular to a teaching and training system for a column-type defect pile test field. Background Technology

[0002] Pile foundations are widely used in engineering structures due to their good stability and high bearing capacity. As cast-in-place structures, pile foundations are prone to various defects such as diameter expansion, necking, segregation, mud inclusion, and pile breakage under the influence of factors such as engineering geological conditions, construction technology, and pile type. These defects pose a serious threat to the safety and durability of buildings. Therefore, it is essential to conduct quality inspections on pile foundations.

[0003] When inspecting the quality of pile foundation defects, staff need to use an ultrasonic detector to scan the pile foundation. Different defects will appear in different graphic patterns on the display of the ultrasonic detector. Staff can judge whether there are defects inside the pile foundation and the specific form of the defects based on the graphic patterns on the display.

[0004] To improve staff's ability to identify defects, training is necessary. Chinese Patent C212782353U discloses a "Comprehensive Testing and Training Ground for Bridge Substructure and Simulated Pile Foundations." This comprehensive testing and training ground for bridge substructures is a teaching and training system for a column-type defect pile testing ground, comprising multiple simulated pile foundations. Each simulated pile foundation contains a simulated defect structure, which is at least one of the following: void defect structure, segregation defect structure, mud inclusion defect structure, and pipe-encasing defect structure. To reduce the space occupied by the simulated pile foundations, the entire simulated pile foundation is arranged in an L-shape. The L-shape includes a horizontal side extending left-right and a vertical side extending front-back. The horizontal side includes two rows of simulated pile foundations spaced back-to-back, and the vertical side includes two rows of simulated pile foundations spaced left-right. The form of the simulated defect structure within each simulated pile foundation differs, referring to differences in height or type of simulated defect.

[0005] During training, trainees are required to use an ultrasonic testing device to scan simulated defect structures within simulated pile foundations. The location and form of the defect are determined by the scanned images. Specifically, the simulated pile foundation needs to be scanned bit by bit (similar to actual testing) to accurately locate the simulated defect and determine its form. The problem with this existing training system is that the location of each simulated pile foundation is fixed, and therefore the location of the simulated defect structure on that pile foundation is also fixed. This leads to trainees memorizing the location after one scanning exercise. However, to achieve mastery, a single practice session is insufficient; trainees need to scan the simulated pile foundation multiple times. In existing technology, trainees rely on memory to scan and identify the simulated defect at a specific location, rather than following the correct training procedures, resulting in poor training effectiveness. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a teaching and training system for a column-type defect pile test field, in order to solve the technical problem in the prior art where the positions of the simulated piles at each location are fixed, making it easy for trainees to remember the simulated defects on the simulated piles, ultimately resulting in poor training effectiveness.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the column-type defect pile test teaching and training system of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A teaching and training system for a test field of column-type defective piles includes multiple simulated piles arranged in a double-row structure. Each simulated pile has a different simulated defect structure. The system also includes guide rails arranged along the distribution direction of each simulated pile. Each simulated pile has a guide rail mating seat at its bottom that cooperates with the guide rails for guiding movement. A circulating chain located inside the guide rails is arranged on the upper side of the guide rails. The system also includes a reversing sprocket for the circulating chain to rotate around and change direction. At least one reversing sprocket is a drive sprocket driven by a power mechanism. A pile connecting frame is fixed on the upper side of the guide rail mating seat on each simulated pile. The side of the pile connecting frame adjacent to the circulating chain is connected to the circulating chain through a transmission bracket. The simulated defect structure is located on the upper side of the circulating chain.

[0009] Furthermore, the bottom of the guide rail mating seat is provided with support balls for rolling engagement with the top of the guide rail, and the bottom of the guide rail mating seat is also provided with guide rollers for rolling contact engagement with the side of the guide rail.

[0010] Furthermore, the simulated pile foundations are arranged in an L-shaped structure. The L-shaped structure includes horizontal sides arranged in the left-right direction and vertical sides arranged in the front-back direction. The horizontal sides include a first row of horizontal simulated pile foundations and a second row of horizontal simulated pile foundations arranged at intervals in the front-back direction. Each row of horizontal simulated pile foundations includes multiple simulated pile foundations arranged at intervals in the left-right direction. The vertical sides include a first column of longitudinal simulated pile foundations and a second column of longitudinal simulated pile foundations arranged at intervals in the left-right direction. Each column of longitudinal simulated pile foundations includes multiple simulated pile foundations arranged at intervals in the front-back direction.

[0011] Furthermore, the guide rail includes a transverse guide rail and a longitudinal guide rail. The transverse guide rail includes a first transverse guide rail disposed on the lower side of the first row of transverse simulated pile foundations and a second transverse guide rail disposed on the lower side of the second row of transverse simulated pile foundations. The longitudinal guide rail includes a first longitudinal guide rail disposed on the lower side of the first column of longitudinal simulated pile foundations and a second longitudinal guide rail disposed on the lower side of the second column of longitudinal simulated pile foundations. The guide rail also includes a first arc-shaped transition guide rail connected between the left ends of the first transverse guide rail and the second transverse guide rail, a second arc-shaped transition guide rail connected between the rear ends of the first longitudinal guide rail and the second longitudinal guide rail, a third arc-shaped transition guide rail connected between the first transverse guide rail and the second longitudinal guide rail, and a fourth arc-shaped transition guide rail connected between the second transverse guide rail and the first longitudinal guide rail.

[0012] Furthermore, the circulating chain includes a first transverse portion and a second transverse portion of the circulating chain spaced apart in the front-to-back direction. The circulating chain also includes a first longitudinal portion and a second longitudinal portion of the circulating chain spaced apart in the left-to-right direction. The left ends of the first transverse portion and the second transverse portion of the circulating chain are connected by a first arc-shaped portion of the circulating chain. The rear ends of the first longitudinal portion and the second longitudinal portion of the circulating chain are connected by a second arc-shaped portion of the circulating chain. The second transverse portion and the first longitudinal portion of the circulating chain are connected by a third arc-shaped portion of the circulating chain. The right end of the second transverse portion of the circulating chain and the front end of the first longitudinal portion of the circulating chain are connected by a third arc-shaped portion of the circulating chain. The right end of the first transverse portion of the circulating chain and the front end of the second longitudinal portion of the circulating chain are connected by a fourth arc-shaped portion and a fifth arc-shaped portion of the circulating chain.

[0013] Furthermore, the reversing sprocket includes a first reversing sprocket through which the first arc-shaped portion of the circulating chain passes, a second reversing sprocket through which the second arc-shaped portion of the circulating chain passes, and a fourth reversing sprocket through which the fourth arc-shaped portion of the circulating chain passes. The first, second, and fourth reversing sprockets have the same diameter. The reversing sprocket also includes a plurality of third reversing sprockets arranged sequentially at circumferential intervals along the third arc-shaped portion of the circulating chain and a plurality of fifth reversing sprockets arranged sequentially at circumferential intervals along the fifth arc-shaped portion of the circulating chain. The diameters of the third and fifth reversing sprockets are smaller than the diameter of the first reversing sprocket.

[0014] Furthermore, the second transverse guide rail is located behind the second transverse section of the circulating chain, and the first longitudinal guide rail is located on the left side of the first longitudinal section of the circulating chain. The transmission support includes a vertical support and a transverse support fixed to the upper end of the vertical support. The end of the transverse support away from the vertical support is connected to the pile foundation connecting frame, and the lower end of the vertical support is connected to the circulating chain. The length of the transverse support is not less than the diameter of the third reversing sprocket and the fifth reversing sprocket, so that the third reversing sprocket and the fifth reversing sprocket can avoid the corresponding simulated pile foundation.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: In this invention, the bottom of each simulated pile foundation is guided and moved by the guide rail through the guide rail mating seat. During use, the circulating chain, driven by the active sprocket, can carry each simulated pile foundation to circulate along the guide rail, thereby changing the position of each simulated pile foundation. That is to say, the position of each simulated pile foundation can be changed, thereby changing the form of the simulated defect structure of the simulated pile foundation at a certain position. When the trainee performs an ultrasonic scan on a simulated pile foundation at a certain position, the position of the simulated pile foundation has changed when the trainee comes for the next training session. For the trainee, this is a completely new simulated pile foundation, and he cannot perform the corresponding defect scan and identification based on memory. The trainee must scan and judge the simulated pile foundation according to the standard operating procedures, which can improve the training effect for the trainee. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of this disclosure will become readily apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, several embodiments of this disclosure are illustrated by way of example and not limitation, and like or corresponding reference numerals denote like or corresponding portions, wherein:

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of one embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of point A in the figure;

[0019] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the state of the simulated pile foundation when it passes the third reversing sprocket;

[0020] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the state of the simulated pile foundation when it passes the first reversing sprocket;

[0021] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the simulated pile foundation structure;

[0022] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Enlarged view of point B;

[0023] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the interaction between the moving cylinder and the defective sample block from a top-down perspective;

[0024] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing the state of the defect test block being removed from the corresponding assembly slot by the moving cylinder.

[0025] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Simulated pile foundation; 2. Guide rail; 3. Circulating chain; 4. Pile foundation connecting frame; 5. Transmission support; 5-1. Horizontal support; 5-2. Vertical support; 6. First horizontal guide rail; 7. Second horizontal guide rail; 8. First longitudinal guide rail; 9. Second longitudinal guide rail; 10. First arc-shaped transition guide rail; 11. Second arc-shaped transition guide rail; 12. Third arc-shaped transition guide rail; 13. First horizontal section of the circulating chain; 14. Second horizontal section of the circulating chain; 15. First arc-shaped section of the circulating chain; 16. First longitudinal section of the circulating chain; 17. Second longitudinal section of the circulating chain; 18. Second arc-shaped section of the circulating chain; 19. Third arc-shaped section of the circulating chain; 20. [Missing information - likely a reference to a specific type of circulating chain] 21. The fifth arc-shaped part of the circulating chain; 22. The first reversing sprocket; 23. The second reversing sprocket; 24. The fourth reversing sprocket; 25. The third reversing sprocket; 26. The fifth reversing sprocket; 27. The ground; 28. The guide rail mating seat; 29. ​​The supporting ball; 30. The guide roller; 31. The concrete base; 32. The metal cylinder; 33. The transfer trough; 34. The top plate; 35. The lead screw; 36. The guide rod; 37. The single-layer inner wall; 38. The hollow inner wall; 39. The assembly slot; 40. The defect sample block; 41. The simulated defect structure; 42. The sample block end plate; 43. The connecting sleeve; 44. The lead screw motor; 45. The lifting block; 46. The rotating motor; 47. The rotating table; 48. The drive cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more detailed description is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. However, the invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of the invention.

[0027] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention.

[0028] An example of the implementation of the experimental teaching and training system for column-type defective piles in this invention. Figures 1-8 As shown:

[0029] The system includes multiple simulated pile foundations 1 arranged in an L-shape. The L-shape includes horizontal sides arranged in the left-right direction and vertical sides arranged in the front-back direction. The simulated pile foundations are distributed in a double-row structure, meaning that the horizontal sides include a first row and a second row of horizontal simulated pile foundations arranged at intervals, with each row including multiple simulated pile foundations 1 spaced apart in the left-right direction. The vertical sides include two columns of longitudinal simulated pile foundations arranged at intervals, with each column including multiple simulated pile foundations 1 spaced apart in the front-back direction. In this embodiment, the first row and the second row of horizontal simulated pile foundations each include five simulated pile foundations, and the first column and the second column of horizontal simulated pile foundations each include three simulated pile foundations.

[0030] Each simulated pile foundation contains different simulated defect structures 41. These simulated defect structures 41 include void simulated defect structures, loose simulated defect structures, segregation simulated defect structures, mud-soil inclusion simulated defect structures, laitance simulated defect structures, sediment simulated defect structures, broken pile simulated defect structures, necking simulated defect structures, and widened necking simulated defect structures. The forming of each simulated defect structure is existing technology and will not be described in detail here. Each simulated pile foundation contains at least two or more simulated defect structures. In this embodiment, different simulated defect structures are set in each simulated pile foundation. Different simulated defect structures refer to different forms or different locations of the simulated defect structures in each simulated pile foundation. Different locations include different heights and different circumferential positions.

[0031] The teaching and training system also includes guide rails 2 arranged along the distribution direction of each simulated pile foundation. Each simulated pile foundation has a guide rail mating seat 28 at its bottom that cooperates with the guide rail for guiding movement. A circulating chain 3 located inside the guide rail is arranged on the upper side of the guide rail. The teaching and training system also includes a reversing sprocket for the circulating chain to rotate around and change direction. At least one reversing sprocket is a drive sprocket driven by a power mechanism. A pile foundation connecting frame 4 is fixed on the upper side of the guide rail mating seat on each simulated pile foundation. The side of the pile foundation connecting frame 4 adjacent to the circulating chain is connected to the circulating chain 3 through a transmission bracket 5. The simulated defect structure 41 is located on the upper side of the circulating chain 3.

[0032] In this embodiment, the bottom of the guide rail mating seat 28 is provided with a support ball 29 for rolling engagement with the top of the guide rail 2, and the bottom of the guide rail mating seat is also provided with a guide roller 30 for rolling contact engagement with the side of the guide rail.

[0033] The guide rails include transverse guide rails and longitudinal guide rails. The transverse guide rails include a first transverse guide rail 6 located under the first row of transverse simulated pile foundations and a second transverse guide rail 7 located under the second row of transverse simulated pile foundations. The longitudinal guide rails include a first longitudinal guide rail 8 located under the first column of longitudinal simulated pile foundations and a second longitudinal guide rail 9 located under the second column of longitudinal simulated pile foundations. The guide rails also include a first arc-shaped transition guide rail 10 connecting the left ends of the first transverse guide rail and the second transverse guide rail, a second arc-shaped transition guide rail 11 connecting the rear ends of the first longitudinal guide rail and the second longitudinal guide rail, a third arc-shaped transition guide rail 12 connecting the first transverse guide rail and the second longitudinal guide rail, and a fourth arc-shaped transition guide rail connecting the second transverse guide rail and the first longitudinal guide rail.

[0034] The circulating chain includes a first transverse portion 13 and a second transverse portion 14 spaced apart in the front-to-back direction. The circulating chain also includes a first longitudinal portion 16 and a second longitudinal portion 17 spaced apart in the left-to-right direction. The left ends of the first transverse portion 13 and the second transverse portion 14 are connected by a first arc-shaped portion 15. The rear ends of the first longitudinal portion and the second longitudinal portion are connected by a second arc-shaped portion 18. The right end of the second transverse portion is connected to the front end of the first longitudinal portion by a third arc-shaped portion 19. The right end of the first transverse portion is connected to the front end of the second longitudinal portion by a fourth arc-shaped portion 20 and a fifth arc-shaped portion 21.

[0035] The reversing sprocket includes a first reversing sprocket 22 through which the first arc-shaped portion of the circulating chain passes, a second reversing sprocket 23 through which the second arc-shaped portion of the circulating chain passes, and a fourth reversing sprocket 24 through which the fourth arc-shaped portion of the circulating chain passes. The first, second, and fourth reversing sprockets have the same diameter. The reversing sprocket also includes a plurality of third reversing sprockets 25 arranged sequentially at circumferential intervals along the third arc-shaped portion of the circulating chain and a plurality of fifth reversing sprockets 26 arranged sequentially at circumferential intervals along the fifth arc-shaped portion of the circulating chain. The diameters of the third reversing sprockets 25 and the fifth reversing sprockets 26 are smaller than the diameter of the first reversing sprocket. The first, second, and fourth reversing sprockets are the driving sprockets. The first sprocket is driven by a first sprocket drive motor, the second sprocket by a second sprocket drive motor, and the fourth sprocket by a fourth sprocket drive motor. These three motors operate synchronously under the control of the controller. Using three driving sprockets ensures that the circulating chain has sufficient power to move the simulated pile foundation. In this embodiment, the simulated pile foundation is used for student training; its dimensions do not need to be the same as those of a real pile foundation, although they can be.

[0036] The second transverse guide rail 7 is located behind the second transverse portion 14 of the circulating chain, and the first longitudinal guide rail 8 is located on the left side of the first longitudinal portion 16 of the circulating chain. The transmission support 5 includes a vertical support 5-2 and a transverse support 5-1 fixed to the upper end of the vertical support. The end of the transverse support 5-1 away from the vertical support is connected to the pile foundation connecting frame, and the lower end of the vertical support is connected to the circulating chain. The length of the transverse support 5-1 is greater than the diameter of the third reversing sprocket and the fifth reversing sprocket, so that the third reversing sprocket and the fifth reversing sprocket can avoid the corresponding simulated pile foundation.

[0037] The circulating chain and guide rail are spaced vertically, with the chain pulling the simulated pile at the center to prevent it from tipping over. During use, corresponding ground trenches are created starting at point 27 on the ground. The circulating chain and the simulated piles below it are placed within these trenches. After the simulated piles have moved, the trenches between adjacent piles can be covered with baffles. When the simulated piles need to be moved to change their position, the operator simply removes the baffles. During training, trainees use an ultrasonic scanner to scan the simulated piles at their designated locations. They then use the scanned images to determine if there are any defects and what those defects are. Once all simulated piles have been scanned, a new round of training can begin. The operator can then use the circulating chain to move the simulated piles in a cycle, changing their position. This prevents trainees from relying on memory to identify defects; operators must follow standard procedures to scan the simulated piles, improving training effectiveness.

[0038] In this embodiment, to increase the diversity of the simulated defect structure arrangement in each simulated pile foundation and to reduce the weight of the simulated pile foundation, each simulated pile foundation includes a hollow cylindrical concrete matrix 31. A metal cylinder 32 is fixed to the inner wall of the concrete matrix, and a lifting block 45 that can be raised and lowered under the drive of a lifting mechanism is provided inside the metal cylinder 32. In this embodiment, a top plate 34 is fixed to the top of the metal cylinder 32, and a bottom plate is fixed to the bottom of the metal cylinder. The lifting mechanism includes a vertically arranged lead screw 35 arranged between the top plate and the bottom plate. The upper end of the lead screw 35 is rotatably engaged with the top plate, and the lower end of the lead screw is rotatably engaged with the bottom plate. A lead screw motor 44 for driving the lead screw to rotate is provided on the lower side of the bottom plate. A vertically arranged guide rod 36 is also fixed between the top plate and the bottom plate. The lifting block 45 and the guide rod 36 are guided and moved in the vertical direction. At the same time, the lifting block is threadedly engaged with the lead screw, so when the lead screw rotates, it can move the lifting block up and down.

[0039] The metal cylinder 32 is coaxially arranged with the concrete base 31, and the lead screw 35 is eccentrically arranged with the metal cylinder 32. A rotating platform 47 with its rotation axis extending in the vertical direction is rotatably mounted on the lifting block. The rotating platform 47 is coaxially arranged with the metal cylinder. A rotating platform drive mechanism is provided on the lifting block to drive the rotating platform to rotate around its own rotation axis. The rotating platform drive mechanism includes a vertically arranged rotating motor 46. A motor shaft gear is provided on the motor shaft of the rotating motor 46. A rotating platform gear ring that meshes with the motor shaft gear is fixed on the rotating platform. In this way, when the rotating motor is working, it can drive the rotating platform to rotate around its own rotation axis.

[0040] A drive cylinder 48 with its axis extending radially along the rotating platform is fixed on the rotating platform, and a block-shaped plug section is connected to the piston rod of the drive cylinder.

[0041] In this embodiment, one side of the metal cylinder has a single-layer inner wall 37, and the other side has a hollow inner wall 38 with a hollow interlayer. Both the single-layer inner wall and the hollow inner wall have a circumferential span of 180 degrees. The hollow inner wall is evacuated, meaning its cavity is a vacuum chamber. A transfer groove 33 is formed on the concrete substrate on the single-layer inner wall side, and at least two assembly grooves 39 are formed on the concrete substrate on the hollow inner wall side. Each assembly groove 39 contains a defect sample block 40. The defect sample block 40 includes a simulated defect structure 41 and a sample block concrete surrounding the simulated defect structure. In other words, in this embodiment, the simulated defect structure is set in the simulated pile foundation in the form of a defect sample block. The fabrication of the simulated defect structure can refer to the prior art documents cited in the background section. The depth of the assembly groove and the transfer groove extends radially along the metal cylinder. The simulated defect structures on the two defective test blocks have different defect forms. For example, the simulated defect structure in one defective test block is a void simulated defect structure, while the simulated defect structure in the other defective test block is a loose simulated defect structure.

[0042] The sample block concrete is fixed with a sample block end plate 42 at one end near the metal cylinder. The sample block end plate 42 has a hollow interlayer, that is, the inner cavity of the sample block end plate is also a vacuum cavity. A connecting sleeve is fixed on the sample block end plate. The connecting sleeve has an inner hole for the insertion section to be inserted radially into the metal cylinder to prevent rotation. The inner hole of the connecting sleeve has a square hole structure.

[0043] The height of the assembly groove 39 is higher than the height of the defect sample block 40, and the hollow inner wall with a hollow interlayer extends to the top of the assembly groove. The metal cylinder can be used as an inner mold for casting concrete substrates. The inner cavity of the hollow inner wall is a vacuum cavity, so when an ultrasonic detector scans the concrete substrate on the side with the simulated defect structure, the ultrasonic waves cannot penetrate the vacuum cavity, thus avoiding the influence of the components inside the metal cylinder on the ultrasonic detector's detection.

[0044] When it is necessary to change the position of the simulated defect structure, the lifting block raises and lowers the drive cylinder to the corresponding position. The piston rod of the drive cylinder 48 extends, and the insertion section on the piston rod is inserted into the inner hole of the connecting sleeve of one of the defect sample blocks. The lifting block 45 continues to rise slightly, causing the defect sample block to detach from the lower side wall of the assembly groove. Then the piston rod of the drive cylinder retracts, and the drive cylinder can remove the defect sample block from the assembly groove and temporarily place it in the transfer groove. The positions of the two defect sample blocks can be reversed, which can change the position of the simulated defect structure on the same simulated pile foundation, further increasing the diversity of simulated defect forms and improving the teaching effect.

[0045] In practice, during the initial stage of training, the training effect can be improved by changing the positions of different simulated defect structures on the same simulated pile foundation. During the final stage of training, the training effect can be further improved by changing the positions of the simulated pile foundation.

[0046] In the foregoing description of this specification, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "fixed," "installed," "connected," or "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, the term "linked" can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; or it can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Therefore, unless otherwise expressly limited in this specification, those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0047] Based on the above description in this specification, those skilled in the art will also understand that terms used, such as "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "length," "width," "thickness," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," "center," "longitudinal," "transverse," "clockwise," or "counterclockwise," are terms indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings of this specification. They are only for the purpose of facilitating the explanation of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not imply that the devices or elements involved must have the specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above-mentioned orientation or positional relationship terms should not be understood or interpreted as limitations on the present invention.

[0048] Furthermore, the terms "first" or "second," etc., used in this specification to refer to numbers or ordinal numbers are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating, explicitly or implicitly, relative importance or specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this specification, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0049] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A teaching and training system for a test field of column-type defective piles, comprising multiple simulated pile foundations arranged in a double-row structure, each simulated pile foundation containing different simulated defect structures, characterized in that: The teaching and training system also includes guide rails arranged along the distribution direction of each simulated pile foundation. Each simulated pile foundation has a guide rail mating seat at its bottom that cooperates with the guide rails for guiding movement. A circulating chain located inside the guide rails is arranged on the upper side of the guide rails, distributed along the guide rail direction. The teaching and training system also includes a reversing sprocket for the circulating chain to rotate around, wherein at least one reversing sprocket is a driving sprocket driven by a power mechanism. A pile foundation connecting frame is fixed on the upper side of the guide rail mating seat on each simulated pile foundation. The side of the pile foundation connecting frame adjacent to the circulating chain is connected to the circulating chain via a transmission bracket. The simulated defect structure is located within the circulating chain. On the upper side of the chain, each simulated pile foundation includes a hollow cylindrical concrete matrix. A metal cylinder is fixed to the inner wall of the concrete matrix. Inside the metal cylinder is a lifting block that can be raised and lowered under the drive of a lifting mechanism. A top plate is fixed to the top of the metal cylinder, and a bottom plate is fixed to the bottom of the metal cylinder. The lifting mechanism includes a vertically arranged lead screw between the top plate and the bottom plate. The upper end of the lead screw rotates with the top plate, and the lower end rotates with the bottom plate. A lead screw motor that drives the lead screw to rotate is located on the lower side of the bottom plate. A vertically arranged guide rod is also fixed between the top plate and the bottom plate. The lifting block and the guide rod are positioned... The lifting block moves vertically and is threaded with a lead screw. When the lead screw rotates, it moves the lifting block up and down. The metal cylinder is coaxial with the concrete base, while the lead screw and metal cylinder are eccentrically positioned. A rotating platform with its axis of rotation extending vertically is mounted on the lifting block. The rotating platform is coaxial with the metal cylinder. The lifting block has a rotating platform drive mechanism that drives the rotating platform to rotate around its own axis of rotation. The rotating platform drive mechanism includes a vertically positioned rotating motor with a motor shaft gear on its shaft. A rotating mechanism that meshes with the motor shaft gear is fixed on the rotating platform. The moving gear ring has a single-layer inner wall on one side of the metal cylinder and a hollow inner wall with a hollow interlayer on the other side. The circumferential span of both the single-layer inner wall and the hollow inner wall is 180 degrees. The inner cavity of the hollow inner wall is vacuum-treated, meaning that the inner cavity of the hollow inner wall is a vacuum cavity. A transfer groove is opened on the concrete substrate on the single-layer inner wall side, and at least two assembly grooves are opened on the concrete substrate on the hollow inner wall side. Each assembly groove contains a defect sample block, which includes a simulated defect structure and a sample block concrete surrounding the simulated defect structure.

2. The teaching and training system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the guide rail mating seat is provided with support balls for rolling engagement with the top of the guide rail, and the bottom of the guide rail mating seat is also provided with guide rollers for rolling contact engagement with the side of the guide rail.

3. The teaching and training system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The simulated pile foundations are arranged in an L-shaped structure. The L-shaped structure includes horizontal sides arranged in the left-right direction and vertical sides arranged in the front-back direction. The horizontal sides include a first row of transverse simulated pile foundations and a second row of transverse simulated pile foundations arranged at intervals in the front-back direction. Each row of transverse simulated pile foundations includes multiple simulated pile foundations arranged at intervals in the left-right direction. The vertical sides include a first row of longitudinal simulated pile foundations and a second row of longitudinal simulated pile foundations arranged at intervals in the left-right direction. Each row of longitudinal simulated pile foundations includes multiple simulated pile foundations arranged at intervals in the front-back direction.

4. The teaching and training system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The guide rails include transverse guide rails and longitudinal guide rails. The transverse guide rails include a first transverse guide rail disposed on the lower side of the first row of transverse simulated pile foundations and a second transverse guide rail disposed on the lower side of the second row of transverse simulated pile foundations. The longitudinal guide rails include a first longitudinal guide rail disposed on the lower side of the first column of longitudinal simulated pile foundations and a second longitudinal guide rail disposed on the lower side of the second column of longitudinal simulated pile foundations. The guide rails also include a first arc-shaped transition guide rail connecting the left ends of the first transverse guide rail and the second transverse guide rail, a second arc-shaped transition guide rail connecting the rear ends of the first longitudinal guide rail and the second longitudinal guide rail, a third arc-shaped transition guide rail connecting the first transverse guide rail and the second longitudinal guide rail, and a fourth arc-shaped transition guide rail connecting the second transverse guide rail and the first longitudinal guide rail.

5. The teaching and training system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The circulating chain includes a first transverse portion and a second transverse portion of the circulating chain spaced apart in the front-to-back direction. The circulating chain also includes a first longitudinal portion and a second longitudinal portion of the circulating chain spaced apart in the left-to-right direction. The left ends of the first transverse portion and the second transverse portion of the circulating chain are connected by a first arc-shaped portion of the circulating chain. The rear ends of the first longitudinal portion and the second longitudinal portion of the circulating chain are connected by a second arc-shaped portion of the circulating chain. The second transverse portion and the first longitudinal portion of the circulating chain are connected by a third arc-shaped portion of the circulating chain. The right end of the second transverse portion and the front end of the first longitudinal portion of the circulating chain are connected by a third arc-shaped portion of the circulating chain. The right end of the first transverse portion and the front end of the second longitudinal portion of the circulating chain are connected by a fourth arc-shaped portion and a fifth arc-shaped portion of the circulating chain.

6. The teaching and training system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The reversing sprocket includes a first reversing sprocket through which the first arc-shaped portion of the circulating chain passes, a second reversing sprocket through which the second arc-shaped portion of the circulating chain passes, and a fourth reversing sprocket through which the fourth arc-shaped portion of the circulating chain passes. The first, second, and fourth reversing sprockets have the same diameter. The reversing sprocket also includes a plurality of third reversing sprockets arranged sequentially at circumferential intervals along the third arc-shaped portion of the circulating chain and a plurality of fifth reversing sprockets arranged sequentially at circumferential intervals along the fifth arc-shaped portion of the circulating chain. The diameters of the third and fifth reversing sprockets are smaller than the diameter of the first reversing sprocket.

7. The teaching and training system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second transverse guide rail is located behind the second transverse section of the circulating chain, and the first longitudinal guide rail is located on the left side of the first longitudinal section of the circulating chain. The transmission support includes a vertical support and a transverse support fixed to the upper end of the vertical support. The end of the transverse support away from the vertical support is connected to the pile foundation connection frame, and the lower end of the vertical support is connected to the circulating chain. The length of the transverse support is not less than the diameter of the third reversing sprocket and the fifth reversing sprocket, so that the third reversing sprocket and the fifth reversing sprocket can avoid the corresponding simulated pile foundation.

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