User Equipment (UE) Transmit Power Control for Dual Subscription Dual Active (DSDA) Operation

Abstract

Aspects of the present disclosure relate to a method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: determining, respectively, that future or past simultaneous first signal transmissions and second signal transmissions by a first transceiver and a second transceiver according to a dual subscription dual activity (DSDA) operation mode may exceed or have exceeded a maximum allowed transmit power; and performing at least one operation to respectively reduce the occurrence, likelihood, or frequency of future simultaneous first and second signal transmissions exceeding the maximum allowed transmit power in the DSDA operation mode.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This patent application claims priority to pending U.S. non-provisional application No. 17 / 219,636, filed on March 31, 2021, and assigned to the assignee of the present application, and is hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference as if fully set forth below and for all applicable purposes. Technical Field

[0003] The techniques discussed below relate generally to wireless communication networks, and more particularly, to transmit power control for a user equipment (UE) when operating in a dual subscription dual active (DSDA) mode. Background Art

[0004] A user equipment (UE) may be designated as being in a specific power class, where its transmit power is limited to a maximum allowed transmit power to prevent radiation damage to humans, and to protect its components from excessive power consumption and heat dissipation. If the UE is configured with a single transceiver for a single uplink operation, the transmit power of the UE may be easily controlled to meet the power class requirement. However, if the UE is configured with multiple transceivers, such as in the case of multiple subscriber identity modules (MSIMs) dual subscription dual active (DSDA) operation mode, transmit power control may not be easy. Summary of the invention

[0005] An overview of one or more aspects of the present disclosure is given below in order to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This overview is not a broad overview of all expected features of the present disclosure, and is neither intended to identify key or important elements of all aspects of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to describe the scope of any or all aspects of the present disclosure. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects of the present disclosure in the form of a preface to a more detailed description presented later.

[0006] One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE). The method includes: determining that a future or past simultaneous first signal transmission and a second signal transmission by a first transceiver and a second transceiver according to a dual subscription dual activity (DSDA) operation mode may exceed or have exceeded a maximum allowed transmit power, respectively; and performing at least one operation to reduce the occurrence, likelihood, or frequency of future simultaneous first and second signal transmissions exceeding the maximum allowed transmit power in the DSDA operation mode, respectively.

[0007] Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a user equipment (UE), comprising: a first transceiver; a second transceiver; a memory; and a processor, which is communicatively coupled to the first transceiver, the second transceiver and the memory, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to: determine that future or past simultaneous first signal transmissions and second signal transmissions by the first transceiver and the second transceiver according to a dual subscription dual activity (DSDA) operation mode may exceed or have exceeded a maximum allowed transmit power, respectively; and perform at least one operation to reduce the occurrence, likelihood or frequency of future simultaneous first and second signal transmissions exceeding the maximum allowed transmit power in the DSDA operation mode, respectively.

[0008] Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a user equipment (UE), comprising: a component for determining that future or past simultaneous first signal transmissions and second signal transmissions by a first transceiver and a second transceiver according to a dual subscription dual activity (DSDA) operation mode may exceed or have exceeded a maximum allowed transmit power, respectively; and a component for performing at least one operation to reduce the occurrence, likelihood or frequency of future simultaneous first and second signal transmissions exceeding the maximum allowed transmit power in the DSDA operation mode, respectively.

[0009] Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable code, including code for causing a computer in a user equipment (UE) to perform the following operations: determining that future or past simultaneous first signal transmissions and second signal transmissions by a first transceiver and a second transceiver according to a dual subscription dual activity (DSDA) operating mode may exceed or have exceeded a maximum allowed transmit power, respectively; and performing at least one operation to reduce the occurrence, likelihood, or frequency of future simultaneous first and second signal transmissions exceeding the maximum allowed transmit power in the DSDA operating mode, respectively.

[0010] By reading the following detailed description, these and other aspects of the present invention will be more fully understood. After reading the following description of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, other aspects, features and embodiments of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Although the features of the present invention can be discussed relative to certain embodiments and accompanying drawings below, all embodiments of the present invention may include one or more of the advantageous features discussed herein. In other words, although one or more embodiments may be discussed as having certain advantageous features, one or more of these features may also be used according to the various embodiments of the present invention discussed herein. In a similar manner, although exemplary embodiments may be discussed as device, system or method embodiments below, it should be understood that such exemplary embodiments may be implemented in various devices, systems and methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system according to one aspect of the present disclosure.

[0012] Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram of an example of a radio access network according to another aspect of the present disclosure.

[0013] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing organization of wireless resources in an air interface using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) according to another aspect of the present disclosure.

[0014] Figures 4A-4B is a diagram illustrating an example wireless communication system according to other aspects of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 5A is a timing diagram of exemplary uplink transmission time slots related to a dual subscription dual active (DSDA) mode of operation according to another aspect of the present disclosure.

[0016] Figure 5B According to another aspect of the present disclosure Figure 5A FIG. 1 is a diagram of transmit power levels associated with an exemplary dual subscription dual active (DSDA) mode of operation.

[0017] Fig. 6A is a block diagram of an exemplary user equipment (UE) capable of a dual subscription dual active (DSDA) mode of operation according to another aspect of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 6B According to another aspect of the present disclosure Fig. 6A FIG. 1 is a diagram of transmit power levels associated with an exemplary dual subscription dual active (DSDA) mode of operation of a UE.

[0019] Fig. 7A is a diagram illustrating another example wireless communication system according to another aspect of the disclosure.

[0020] Figure 7B According to another aspect of the present disclosure Fig. 7A FIG. 1 is a diagram of transmit power levels associated with an exemplary dual subscription dual active (DSDA) mode of operation of a UE.

[0021] Figure 7C According to another aspect of the present disclosure Fig. 7A A timing diagram of an exemplary frequency division duplex (FDD) timeslot configuration related to a dual subscription dual active (DSDA) operation mode of a UE.

[0022] Fig.7D According to another aspect of the present disclosure Fig. 7AA timing diagram of an exemplary time division duplex (TDD) timeslot configuration related to a dual subscription dual active (DSDA) operation mode of a UE.

[0023] Fig. 8A is a diagram illustrating another example wireless communication system according to another aspect of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 8B According to another aspect of the present disclosure Fig. 8A A timing diagram of an exemplary uplink transmission time slot related to a dual subscription dual active (DSDA) operation mode of a UE.

[0025] Figure 8C According to another aspect of the present disclosure Fig. 8A A timing diagram of another exemplary uplink transmission time slot related to the dual subscription dual active (DSDA) operation mode of a UE.

[0026] Fig.8D According to another aspect of the present disclosure Fig. 8A A timing diagram of another exemplary uplink transmission time slot related to the dual subscription dual active (DSDA) operation mode of a UE.

[0027] Fig. 9 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation of a user equipment (UE) employing a processing system according to another aspect of the present disclosure.

[0028] Fig.10 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method of transmit power control related to a dual subscription dual active (DSDA) mode of operation according to another aspect of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The detailed description set forth below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configuration in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. For the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of the various concepts, the detailed description includes specific details. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring these concepts.

[0030] Although various aspects and embodiments are described in this application by the description of some examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that additional implementations and use cases may occur in many different arrangements and scenarios. The innovation described herein can be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and packaging arrangements. For example, embodiments and / or uses can be implemented via integrated chip embodiments and other devices based on non-module components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchase equipment, medical equipment, AI-enabled devices, etc.). Although some examples may or may not be specifically for use cases or applications, a variety of applicability of the described innovations may occur. The scope of implementation can range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level implementations, and further to aggregated, distributed, or OEM devices or systems that incorporate one or more aspects of the described innovations. In some practical settings, the device in combination with the described aspects and features may also necessarily include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described embodiments. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals must include multiple components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.) The innovations described herein are intended to be practiced in a variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, end-user devices, etc., of various sizes, shapes, and configurations.

[0031] The various concepts presented throughout this disclosure may be implemented across a wide variety of telecommunication systems, network architectures and communication standards. Figure 1 , various aspects of the present disclosure are illustrated with reference to a wireless communication system 100, by way of illustrative example and not limitation. The wireless communication system 100 includes three interacting domains: a core network 102, a radio access network (RAN) 104, and a user equipment (UE) 106. By means of the wireless communication system 100, the UE 106 may be enabled to perform data communications with an external data network 110, such as (but not limited to) the Internet.

[0032] The RAN 104 may implement any suitable one or more radio access technologies (RATs) or multiple RATs to provide radio access to the UE 106. As an example, the RAN 104 may operate according to the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) New Radio (NR) specification, commonly referred to as 5G. As another example, the RAN 104 may operate under a mix of 5G NR and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (eUTRAN) standards, commonly referred to as LTE. 3GPP refers to this hybrid RAN as the Next Generation RAN or NG-RAN. In another example, the RAN 104 may operate according to both LTE and 5G NR standards. Of course, many other examples may be utilized within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0033] As shown, RAN 104 includes multiple base stations 108. Broadly speaking, a base station is a network element in a radio access network that is responsible for radio transmission and reception to or from a UE in one or more cells. In different technologies, standards or contexts, those skilled in the art may refer to base stations as base transceiver (BTS), radio base stations, radio transceivers, transceiver functions, basic service sets (BSS), extended service sets (ESS), access points (APs), node Bs (NBs), evolved node Bs (eNBs), g node Bs (gNBs), transmission and reception points (TRPs), or some other appropriate terminology. In some examples, a base station may include two or more TRPs that may be co-located or non-co-located. Each TRP may communicate on the same or different carrier frequencies in the same or different frequency bands. In an example where RAN 104 operates according to both LTE and 5G NR standards, one of the base stations 108 may be an LTE base station, and the other base station may be a 5G NR base station.

[0034] The radio access network 104 is also shown to support wireless communications for multiple mobile devices. In the 3GPP standard, a mobile device may be referred to as a user equipment (UE) 106, but those skilled in the art may also refer to it as a mobile station (MS), a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal (AT), a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a terminal, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable term. UE 106 may be a device that provides access to network services to a user. In an example in which RAN 104 operates according to both LTE and 5G NR standards, UE 106 may be an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network-new radio dual connectivity (EN-DC) UE that is capable of simultaneously connecting to an LTE base station and an NR base station to receive data packets from both the LTE base station and the NR base station.

[0035] Within this document, a "mobile" device does not necessarily need to have the ability to move, and can be stationary. The term mobile device or mobile device refers broadly to a wide variety of devices and technologies. A UE may include a plurality of hardware structural components of a size, shape, and arrangement to facilitate communication; such components may include antennas, antenna arrays, RF chains, amplifiers, one or more processors, etc. electrically coupled to each other. For example, some non-limiting examples of mobile devices include mobile phones, cellular (cell) phones, smart phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal computers (PCs), notebooks, netbooks, smartbooks, tablets, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and a wide range of embedded systems, for example, corresponding to the "Internet of Things". A mobile device may additionally be a car or other transportation vehicle, a remote sensor or actuator, one or more robotic devices, a satellite radio, a global positioning system (GPS) device, a remote control device, a consumer and / or wearable device, such as glasses, a wearable camera, a virtual reality device, a smart watch, a health or fitness tracker, a digital audio player (e.g., an MP3 player), a camera, a game console, etc. The mobile device may also be a digital home or smart home device, such as home audio, video and / or multimedia equipment, appliances, vending machines, smart lighting, home security systems, smart meters, etc. The mobile device may also be a smart energy device, a security device, a solar panel or solar array, municipal infrastructure equipment that controls power (e.g., smart grid), lighting, water, etc., industrial automation and enterprise equipment, logistics controllers, agricultural equipment, etc. In addition, the mobile device may provide connected medical or telemedicine support, i.e., healthcare at a distance. Telemedicine devices may include telemedicine monitoring devices and telemedicine management devices, whose communications may be given priority treatment or priority access relative to other types of information, for example, in terms of priority access for the transmission of critical service data and / or associated QoS for the transmission of critical service data.

[0036] Wireless communication between RAN 104 and UE 106 can be described as utilizing an air interface. Transmissions from a base station (e.g., base station 108) to one or more UEs (e.g., UE 106) over an air interface can be referred to as downlink (DL) transmissions. According to certain aspects of the present disclosure, the term downlink can refer to point-to-multipoint transmissions initiated at a scheduling entity (further described below, e.g., base station 108). Another way to describe the scheme can be to use the term broadcast channel multiplexing. Transmissions from a UE (e.g., UE 106) to a base station (e.g., base station 108) can be referred to as uplink (UL) transmissions. According to further aspects of the present disclosure, the term uplink can refer to point-to-point transmissions initiated at a scheduled entity (further described below, e.g., UE 106).

[0037] In some examples, access to the air interface may be scheduled, wherein a scheduling entity (e.g., a base station 108) allocates resources for communication between some or all devices and equipment within its service area or cell. Within the present disclosure, as discussed further below, a scheduling entity may be responsible for scheduling, allocating, reconfiguring, and releasing resources for one or more scheduled entities. That is, for scheduled communications, a UE 106 (which may be a scheduled entity) may utilize resources allocated by the scheduling entity 108.

[0038] Base station 108 is not the only entity that can act as a scheduling entity. That is, in some examples, a UE can act as a scheduling entity to schedule resources for one or more scheduled entities (e.g., one or more other UEs).

[0039] like Figure 1 , the scheduling entity 108 may broadcast downlink traffic 112 to one or more scheduled entities 106. Broadly speaking, the scheduling entity 108 is a node or device responsible for scheduling traffic in the wireless communication network, including downlink traffic 112, and in some examples, uplink traffic 116 from one or more scheduled entities 106 to the scheduling entity 108. On the other hand, the scheduled entity 106 is a node or device that receives downlink control information 114 (including, but not limited to, scheduling information (e.g., grants), synchronization or timing information, or other control information) from another entity in the wireless communication network, such as the scheduling entity 108.

[0040] In addition, uplink and / or downlink control information and / or traffic information may be divided into frames, subframes, time slots and / or symbols by time. As used herein, a symbol may refer to a time unit in which each subcarrier carries a resource element (RE) in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform. A time slot may carry 7 or 14 OFDM symbols. A subframe may refer to a duration of 1 ms. Multiple subframes or time slots may be grouped together to form a single frame or radio frame. Of course, these definitions are not required, and any suitable scheme for organizing a waveform may be utilized, and the various time divisions of a waveform may have any suitable duration.

[0041] Typically, the base stations 108 may include a backhaul interface for communicating with a backhaul portion 120 of the wireless communication system. The backhaul 120 may provide a link between the base stations 108 and the core network 102. Additionally, in some examples, the backhaul network may provide interconnections between the respective base stations 108. Various types of backhaul interfaces may be employed, such as a direct physical connection, a virtual network, or the like using any suitable transport network.

[0042] The core network 102 may be part of the wireless communication system 100 and may be independent of the radio access technology used in the RAN 104. In some examples, the core network 102 may be configured according to a 5G standard (e.g., 5GC). In other examples, the core network 102 may be configured according to a 4G Evolved Packet Core (EPC) or any other suitable standard or configuration.

[0043] Reference now Figure 2 , a schematic diagram of a RAN 200 is provided as an example and not a limitation. In some examples, the RAN 200 may be similar to that described above and in Figure 1 The geographic area covered by the RAN 200 may be divided into cellular regions (cells), which may be uniquely identified by user equipment (UE) based on an identity broadcast from an access point or base station. Figure 2 Macro cells 202, 204, and 206 and small cells 208 are shown, each of which may include one or more sectors (not shown). A sector is a sub-area of ​​a cell. All sectors within a cell are served by the same base station. A radio link within a sector may be identified by a single logical identifier belonging to the sector. In a cell divided into sectors, multiple sectors within a cell may be formed by antenna groups, where each antenna is responsible for communication with a UE in a portion of the cell.

[0044] exist Figure 2 , two base stations 210 and 212 are shown in cells 202 and 204; and a third base station 214 is shown as controlling a remote radio head (RRH) 216 in cell 206. That is, the base station may have an integrated antenna, or may be connected to an antenna or RRH via a feeder cable. In the example shown, cells 202, 204, and 206 may be referred to as macro cells because base stations 210, 212, and 214 support cells with large sizes. In addition, base station 218 is shown in a small cell 208 (e.g., a micro cell, a micro cell, a femto cell, a home base station, a home node B, a home evolved node B, etc.), which may overlap with one or more macro cells. In this example, cell 208 may be referred to as a small cell because base station 218 supports a cell with a relatively small size. The cell size may be accomplished based on system design and component constraints.

[0045] It should be understood that the radio access network 200 may include any number of wireless base stations and cells. In addition, relay nodes may be deployed to extend the size or coverage area of ​​a given cell. Base stations 210, 212, 214, 218 provide wireless access points to the core network for any number of mobile devices. In some examples, base stations 210, 212, 214, and / or 218 may be similar to those described above and in Figure 1 The base station / scheduling entity 108 shown in FIG.

[0046] Within the RAN 200, cells may include UEs that may be in communication with one or more sectors of each cell. In addition, each base station 210, 212, 214, and 218 may be configured to provide access to the core network 102 (see FIG. 1 ) for all UEs in the corresponding cell. Figure 1 ) access point. For example, UEs 222 and 224 may communicate with base station 210; UEs 226 and 228 may communicate with base station 212; UEs 230 and 232 may communicate with base station 214 via RRH 216; and UE 234 may communicate with base station 218. In some examples, UEs 222, 224, 226, 228, 230, 232, 234, 238, 240, and / or 242 may communicate with the base stations described above and Figure 1 The UE / scheduled entity 106 shown in FIG. 1 is the same as that shown in FIG.

[0047] In the radio access network 200, the ability of a UE to communicate independently of its location while moving is called mobility. The various physical channels between the UE and the radio access network are generally managed by an access and mobility management function (AMF, not shown). Figure 1 The access and mobility management function is established, maintained and released under the control of the core network 102 in the core network 102), and the access and mobility management function may include a security context management function (SCMF) that manages the security context of both control plane and user plane functionalities and a security anchor function (SEAF) that performs authentication.

[0048] The radio access network 200 may utilize DL-based mobility or UL-based mobility to implement mobility and switching (i.e., the transfer of a UE's connection from one radio channel to another). In a network configured for DL-based mobility, during a call with a scheduling entity, or at any other time, the UE may monitor various parameters of a signal from its serving cell and various parameters of neighboring cells. Depending on the quality of these parameters, the UE may maintain communication with one or more of the neighboring cells. During this time, if the UE moves from one cell to another, or if the signal quality from a neighboring cell exceeds the signal quality from the serving cell for a given amount of time, the UE may perform a handoff or handover from the serving cell to a neighboring (target) cell. For example, a UE 224 (shown as a vehicle, although any suitable form of UE may be used) may move from a geographic area corresponding to its serving cell 202 to a geographic area corresponding to a neighboring cell 206. When the signal strength or quality from neighbor cell 206 exceeds the signal strength or quality of its serving cell 202 for a given amount of time, UE 224 may send a report message indicating this condition to its serving base station 210. In response, UE 224 may receive a handover command, and the UE may undergo a handover to cell 206.

[0049] In a network configured for UL-based mobility, the network can utilize the UL reference signal from each UE to select a serving cell for each UE. In some examples, base stations 210, 212, and 214 / 216 can broadcast a unified synchronization signal (e.g., a unified primary synchronization signal (PSS), a unified secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and a unified physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). UE222, 224, 226, 228, 230, and 232 can receive the unified synchronization signal, derive the carrier frequency and time slot timing according to the synchronization signal, and send an uplink pilot or reference signal in response to the derived timing. The uplink pilot signal sent by a UE (e.g., UE 224) can be concurrently received by two or more cells (e.g., base stations 210 and 214 / 216) within the radio access network 200. Each of these cells may measure the strength of the pilot signal, and the radio access network (e.g., one or more of base stations 210 and 214 / 216 and / or a central node within a core network) may determine a serving cell for UE 224. As UE 224 moves through radio access network 200, the network may continue to monitor the uplink pilot signals sent by UE 224. When the signal strength or quality of the pilot signal measured by a neighbor cell exceeds the signal strength or quality measured by the serving cell, network 200 may, with or without notifying UE 224, switch UE 224 from the serving cell to the neighbor cell.

[0050] Although the synchronization signals transmitted by base stations 210, 212 and 214 / 216 may be uniform, the synchronization signals may not identify a specific cell, but may identify a region of multiple cells operating on the same frequency and / or having the same timing. The use of regions in a 5G network or other next generation communication network implements an uplink-based mobility framework and improves the efficiency of both the UE and the network because the number of mobility messages that need to be exchanged between the UE and the network can be reduced.

[0051] In various implementations, the air interface in the radio access network 200 may utilize licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or shared spectrum. Licensed spectrum generally provides exclusive use of a portion of the spectrum by a mobile network operator purchasing a license from a government regulator. Unlicensed spectrum provides shared use of a portion of the spectrum without requiring a government-authorized license. Although some technical rules generally still need to be followed to access unlicensed spectrum, generally any operator or device can obtain access. Shared spectrum may fall between licensed spectrum and unlicensed spectrum, where access to the spectrum may require technical rules or restrictions, but the spectrum can still be shared by multiple operators and / or multiple RATs. For example, the holder of a license for a portion of the licensed spectrum may provide licensed shared access (LSA) to share the spectrum with other parties, for example, using conditions determined by the appropriate license holder to obtain access.

[0052] In some examples, access to the air interface may be scheduled, where a scheduling entity (e.g., a base station) allocates resources (e.g., time-frequency resources) for communication between some or all devices and equipment within its service area or cell. Within the present disclosure, as discussed further below, a scheduling entity may be responsible for scheduling, allocating, reconfiguring, and releasing resources for one or more scheduled entities. That is, for scheduled communications, a UE or scheduled entity utilizes resources allocated by the scheduling entity.

[0053] The base station is not the only entity that can be used as a scheduling entity. That is, in some examples, the UE can be used as a scheduling entity to schedule resources for one or more scheduled entities (e.g., one or more other UEs). For example, two or more UEs (e.g., UE 238, 240, and 242) can use peer-to-peer (P2P) or side link signals 237 to communicate with each other without relaying the communication through the base station. In some examples, UE 238, 240, and 242 can each be used as a scheduling entity or a sending side link device and / or a scheduled entity or a receiving side link device to schedule resources and pass side link signals 237 therebetween without relying on scheduling or control information from the base station. In other examples, two or more UEs (e.g., UE 226 and 228) within the coverage area of ​​a base station (e.g., base station 212) can also send side link signals 227 on a direct link (side link) without transmitting the communication through base station 212. In this example, base station 212 can allocate resources for side link communication to UE 226 and 228. In either case, such sidelink signaling 227 and 237 may be implemented in a P2P network, a device-to-device (D2D) network, a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) network, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X), a mesh network, or other suitable direct link network.

[0054] In some examples, a D2D relay framework may be included within a cellular network to facilitate relaying of communications to / from base station 212 via a D2D link (e.g., side link 227 or 237). For example, one or more UEs (e.g., UE 228) within the coverage area of ​​base station 212 may operate as relay UEs to extend the coverage of base station 212, improve transmission reliability to one or more UEs (e.g., UE 226), and / or allow the base station to recover from a UE link failure due to, for example, blocking or fading.

[0055] The air interface in the radio access network 200 may utilize one or more duplex algorithms. Duplex refers to a point-to-point communication link in which two endpoints can communicate with each other in two directions. Full-duplex means that two endpoints can communicate with each other at the same time. Half-duplex means that only one endpoint can send information to the other endpoint at a time. Half-duplex simulation is frequently implemented for wireless links utilizing time division duplex (TDD). In TDD, transmissions in different directions on a given channel are separated from each other using time division multiplexing. That is, sometimes a channel is dedicated to transmission in one direction, while at other times, a channel is dedicated to transmission in another direction, where the direction can change very quickly, for example, several times per time slot. In wireless links, full-duplex channels typically rely on physical isolation of transmitters and receivers and suitable interference cancellation techniques. Full-duplex simulation is often implemented for wireless links by utilizing frequency division duplex (FDD) or space division duplex (SDD). In FDD, transmissions in different directions can operate at different carrier frequencies (e.g., within a paired spectrum). In SDD, transmissions in different directions on a given channel are separated from each other using spatial division multiplexing (SDM). In other examples, full-duplex communication may be implemented within an unpaired spectrum (e.g., within a single carrier bandwidth), where transmissions in different directions occur within different sub-bands of the carrier bandwidth. This type of full-duplex communication may be referred to herein as sub-band full-duplex (SBFD), also known as flexible duplex.

[0056] The air interface in the radio access network 200 may further utilize one or more multiplexing and multiple access algorithms to enable simultaneous communication of various devices. For example, the 5G NR specification utilizes orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) to provide multiple access for UL transmissions from UEs 222 and 224 to base station 210, and multiplexing for DL ​​transmissions from base station 210 to one or more UEs 222 and 224. In addition, for UL transmissions, the 5G NR specification provides support for discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) with CP (also known as single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)). However, within the scope of the present disclosure, multiplexing and multiple access are not limited to the above schemes, and may be provided using time division multiple access (TDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), sparse code multiple access (SCMA), resource extension multiple access (RSMA), or other suitable multiple access schemes. In addition, multiplexing of DL transmissions from base station 210 to UEs 222 and 224 may be provided using time division multiplexing (TDM), code division multiplexing (CDM), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), sparse code multiplexing (SCM), or other suitable multiplexing schemes.

[0057] Various aspects of the present disclosure will be described with reference to OFDM waveforms. Figure 3An example of an OFDM waveform is schematically shown in FIG. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various aspects of the present disclosure may be applied to SC-FDMA waveforms in substantially the same manner as described herein below. That is, while some examples of the present disclosure may focus on OFDM links for clarity, it will be appreciated that the same principles may also be applied to SC-FDMA waveforms.

[0058] Reference now Figure 3 , shows an expanded view of an exemplary DL subframe 302 showing an OFDM resource grid. However, as will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art, the PHY transmission structure for any particular application may differ from the examples described herein depending on any number of factors. Here, time is in the horizontal direction in units of OFDM symbols; and frequency is in the vertical direction in units of subcarriers.

[0059] Resource grid 304 can be used to schematically represent the time-frequency resources for a given antenna port. That is, in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) implementation with multiple antenna ports available, corresponding multiple resource grids 304 can be used for communication. Resource grid 304 is divided into multiple resource elements (REs) 306. An RE of 1 subcarrier × 1 symbol is the smallest discrete portion of the time-frequency grid and contains a single complex number representing data from a physical channel or signal. Depending on the modulation used in a specific implementation, each RE can represent one or more information bits. In some examples, a block of REs can be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB) or more simply a resource block (RB) 308, which contains any suitable number of consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. In one example, an RB can include 12 subcarriers, which is independent of the digital scheme used. In some examples, depending on the digital scheme, an RB can include any suitable number of consecutive OFDM symbols in the time domain. Within the present disclosure, it is assumed that a single RB (such as RB 308) corresponds entirely to a single communication direction (transmission or reception of a given device).

[0060] Scheduling of a UE or sidelink device (hereinafter collectively referred to as a UE) for downlink, uplink, or sidelink transmissions typically involves scheduling one or more resource elements 306 within one or more subbands or bandwidth parts (BWPs). Thus, a UE typically utilizes only a subset of a resource grid 304. In some examples, an RB may be the smallest resource unit that may be allocated to a UE. Thus, the more RBs scheduled for a UE and the higher the modulation scheme selected for the air interface, the higher the data rate for the UE. The RBs may be scheduled by a base station (e.g., a gNB, eNB, etc.) or may be self-scheduled by a UE / sidelink device implementing D2D sidelink communications.

[0061] In this illustration, RB 308 is shown as occupying less than the entire bandwidth of subframe 302, with some subcarriers shown above and below RB 308. In a given implementation, subframe 302 may have a bandwidth corresponding to any number of one or more RBs 308. Furthermore, in this illustration, RB 308 is shown as occupying less than the entire duration of subframe 302, although this is merely one possible example.

[0062] Each one (1) millisecond (ms) subframe 302 may be composed of one or more adjacent time slots. In the example shown in FIG. 4 , as an illustrative example, one subframe 302 includes four time slots 310. In some examples, a time slot may be defined according to a specified number of OFDM symbols with a given cyclic prefix (CP) length. For example, a time slot may include 7 or 14 OFDM symbols with a nominal CP. Other examples may include micro-slots with a shorter duration (e.g., one to three OFDM symbols), sometimes referred to as shortened transmission time intervals (TTIs). In some cases, these micro-slots or shortened transmission time intervals (TTIs) may be sent using resources scheduled for ongoing time slot transmissions for the same or different UEs. Any number of resource blocks may be utilized within a subframe or time slot.

[0063] An expanded view of one of the time slots 310 shows the time slot 310 including a control region 312 and a data region 314. In general, the control region 312 may carry a control channel (e.g., PDCCH), and the data region 314 may carry a data channel (e.g., PDSCH or PUSCH). Of course, a time slot may contain all DL, all UL, or at least one DL portion and at least one UL portion. Figure 3 The simple structure shown in is merely exemplary in nature, and different slot structures may be utilized and may include one or more of each of the control region and the data region.

[0064] Although not in Figure 3 308, but various REs 306 within RB 308 may be scheduled to carry one or more physical channels, including control channels, shared channels, data channels, etc. Other REs 306 within RB 308 may also carry pilot or reference signals. These pilot or reference signals may provide a receiving device with the ability to perform channel estimation for the corresponding channels, which may enable coherent demodulation / detection of control and / or data channels within RB 308.

[0065] In some examples, time slot 310 may be used for broadcast, multicast, groupcast, or unicast communications. For example, broadcast, multicast, or groupcast communications may refer to point-to-multipoint transmissions from one device (e.g., a base station, UE, or other similar device) to other devices. Here, broadcast communications are delivered to all devices, while multicast communications are delivered to multiple intended recipient devices, and groupcast communications are delivered to a group of intended recipient devices. Unicast communications may refer to point-to-point transmissions from one device to a single other device.

[0066] In an example of cellular communication over a cellular carrier via a Uu interface, for DL ​​transmission, a scheduling entity (e.g., a base station) may allocate one or more REs 306 (e.g., within a control region 312) to one or more scheduled entities (e.g., UEs) to carry DL control information including one or more DL control channels (such as a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH)). The PDCCH carries downlink control information (DCI), including but not limited to power control commands (e.g., one or more open-loop power control parameters and / or one or more closed-loop power control parameters), scheduling information, grants, and / or allocations of REs for DL ​​and UL transmissions. The PDCCH may also carry HARQ feedback transmissions, such as acknowledgements (ACKs) or negative acknowledgements (NACKs). HARQ is a technique well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, in which the integrity of a packet transmission may be checked for accuracy at the receiving side, for example, using any suitable integrity checking mechanism, such as a checksum or a cyclic redundancy check (CRC). If the integrity of the transmission is confirmed, an ACK may be sent, and if it is not confirmed, a NACK may be sent. In response to the NACK, the transmitting device may send a HARQ retransmission, which may implement append combining, incremental redundancy, and the like.

[0067] The base station may also allocate one or more REs 306 (e.g., in the control region 312 or the data region 314) to carry other DL signals, such as a demodulation reference signal (DMRS); a phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS); a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS); and a synchronization signal block (SSB). The SSB may be broadcast at regular intervals based on a periodicity (e.g., 5ms, 10ms, 20ms, 40ms, 80ms, or 160ms). The SSB includes a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and a physical broadcast control channel (PBCH). The UE may utilize the PSS and SSS to achieve radio frame, subframe, time slot, and symbol synchronization in the time domain, identify the center of the channel (system) bandwidth in the frequency domain, and identify the physical cell identity (PCI) of the cell.

[0068] The PBCH in the SSB may further include a master information block (MIB), which includes various system information together with parameters for decoding a system information block (SIB). The SIB may be, for example, a system information type (SystemInformationType) 1 (SIB1), which may include various additional system information. Examples of system information sent in the MIB may include, but are not limited to, subcarrier spacing, system frame number, configuration of a PDCCH control resource set (CORESET) (e.g., PDCCH CORESET0), and a search space for SIB1. Examples of additional system information sent in SIB1 may include, but are not limited to, random access search space, downlink configuration information, and uplink configuration information. The MIB and SIB1 together provide minimum system information (SI) for initial access.

[0069] In an UL transmission, a scheduled entity (e.g., a UE) may utilize one or more REs 306 to carry UL control information (UCI) including one or more UL control channels, such as a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), to a scheduling entity. The UCI may include various packet types and categories, including pilots, reference signals, and information configured to enable or assist in decoding uplink data transmissions. In some examples, the UCI may include a scheduling request (SR), i.e., a request to a scheduling entity to schedule an uplink transmission. Here, in response to the SR sent on the UCI, the scheduling entity may send downlink control information (DCI), which may schedule resources for uplink packet transmissions. The UCI may also include HARQ feedback, channel state feedback (CSF) (such as a CSI report), or any other suitable UCI.

[0070] In addition to control information, one or more REs 306 may be allocated for data traffic (e.g., within data region 314). Such data traffic may be carried on one or more traffic channels, such as, for DL ​​transmissions, a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH); or for UL transmissions, a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). In some examples, one or more REs 306 within data region 314 may be configured to carry other signals, such as one or more SIBs and DMRS.

[0071] In an example of sidelink communication on a sidelink carrier via a PC5 interface, the control region 312 of the time slot 310 may include a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH), which includes sidelink control information (SCI) sent by an initiating (transmitting) sidelink device (e.g., a V2X or other sidelink device) to a set of one or more other receiving sidelink devices. The data region 314 of the time slot 310 may include a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), which includes sidelink data services sent by the initiating (transmitting) sidelink device in resources reserved by the transmitting sidelink device via the SCI on the sidelink carrier. Other information may also be sent on various REs 306 within the time slot 310. For example, HARQ feedback information may be sent in a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) within the time slot 310 from the receiving sidelink device to the transmitting sidelink device. In addition, one or more reference signals (such as sidelink SSBs and / or sidelink CSI-RS) may be sent within the time slot 310.

[0072] These physical channels are typically multiplexed and mapped to transport channels for handling at the medium access control (MAC) layer. The transport channels carry information blocks called transport blocks (TBs). The transport block size (TBS), which may correspond to the number of information bits, may be a controlled parameter based on the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) and the number of RBs in a given transmission.

[0073] Figure 3 The channels or carriers shown in are not necessarily all channels or carriers that can be utilized between devices, and one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that other channels or carriers may be utilized in addition to those shown, such as other traffic, control, and feedback channels.

[0074] To gain access to a cell, a UE may perform a random access procedure on a physical random access channel (PRACH). The UE may identify a random access search space including PRACH resources for initiating a RACH procedure from SIB1. For example, the random access procedure may start after the UE acquires a cell and determines the occurrence of a RACH opportunity (e.g., PRACH resources) after reading the SSB and SIB1. The SSB provides initial system information (SI), and SIB1 (and other SIB blocks) provide the remaining minimum SI (RMSI). For example, the PBCH MIB of the SSB may carry the first part of the SI required by a user equipment (UE) to access the network. The SIB (e.g., SIB 1 and SIB 2) may carry the RMSI required for the UE to gain access to the network.

[0075] The RACH process may be performed in various scenarios, such as uplink synchronization loss, lack of available PUCCH resources, scheduling request failure, and other use cases. In addition, the RACH process may be contention-based or contention-free, and may include a 2-step RACH process (contention-based or contention-free), a 3-step RACH process (contention-free), or a 4-step RACH process (contention-based).

[0076] Figure 4A 4 is a diagram illustrating an example wireless communication system 400 according to another aspect of the present disclosure. The wireless communication system 400 includes a first base station 412, a second base station 414, a core network 410, and a user equipment (UE) 420.

[0077] The first base station 412 and the second base station 414 may be communicatively coupled to the core network 410 via a wired and / or wireless connection. As an example, the base stations 412 and 414 and the core network 410 may be a non-standalone (NSA) configuration, wherein the first base station 412 may be an LTE base station, the second base station 414 may be a 5G NR base station, and the core network 410 may be a 4G core network. In another example, the base stations 412 and 414 and the core network 410 may be an independent (SA) configuration, wherein both the first base station 412 and the second base station 414 may be 5G NR base stations, and the core network 410 may be a 6G core network. It should be understood that the configuration of the base stations 412 and 414 and the core network 410 may vary significantly and need not be limited to the above examples.

[0078] In this example, UE 420 can be configured for multiple subscriber identity module (MSIM) and dual subscription dual activity (DSDA) operation mode. MSIM operation mode means that UE 420 can communicate with two different base stations 412 and 414 based on two SIM cards SIM-1 442 and SIM-2 444, respectively. DSDA operation mode means that UE 420 can communicate with two base stations 412 and 414 simultaneously based on two SIM cards SIM-1 442 and SIM-2 444, respectively. Although two SIM card operations are used to illustrate the concepts of this article, it should be understood that UE 420 can perform more than two SIM card operations in MSIM-DSDA operation mode.

[0079] In this regard, the UE 420 includes a first antenna 426, a first transceiver (Tx / Rx) 424, a first modem 422, a first SIM-1 card 442 (with a reader), a controller 440, a second SIM-2 card 444 (with a reader), a second modem 432, a second transceiver (Tx / Rx) 434, and a second antenna 436. It should be understood that each of the first antenna 426 and the second antenna 436 can be configured as an antenna array including a set of antenna elements. In the MSIM mode, the UE 420 can communicate with the first base station 412 based on the first SIM-1 card 442. That is, the controller 440 reads the information stored in the first SIM-1 card 442, and configures / controls the modem 442 and the transceiver 424 to communicate wirelessly with the first base station 412 via the antenna 426. Similarly, the UE 420 can communicate with the second base station 414 based on the second SIM-2 card 444. That is, the controller 440 reads the information stored in the second SIM-2 card 444 and configures / controls the modem 432 and the transceiver 434 to communicate wirelessly with the second base station 414 via the antenna 436. Communication with two different base stations is sometimes referred to as dual connectivity mode, and there are various different configurations of dual connectivity mode.

[0080] Because UE 420 has two modems, two transceivers, and two antennas 422 / 424 / 426 and 432 / 434 / 436, UE 420 is able to communicate with first base station 412 and second base station 414 simultaneously in DSDA operation mode, respectively. As an example, UE 420 can communicate data with first base station 412 and second base station 414 simultaneously (e.g., sometimes referred to as data+data DSDA). UE 420 can communicate data and voice (or vice versa) with first base station 412 and second base station 414 simultaneously (e.g., sometimes referred to as data+voice DSDA). UE 420 can support voice calls simultaneously via first base station 412 and second base station 414, respectively (e.g., sometimes referred to as voice+voice hold DSDA).

[0081] If UE 420 is part of a vehicle entertainment system, UE 420 may simultaneously communicate traffic control and collision avoidance data (sometimes referred to as cellular vehicle to X (C-V2X), where X represents traffic infrastructure, other vehicles and / or pedestrians) and data or voice (or vice versa) with first base station 412 and second base station 414, respectively (e.g., sometimes referred to as C-V2X+data or C-V2X+voice DSDA). In this regard, the vehicle may have its own SIM card (sometimes referred to as an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) SIM card) and may include a slot for accommodating a user's or a vehicle occupant's SIM card.

[0082] Figure 4B 4 is a diagram illustrating another example wireless communication system 450 according to another aspect of the present disclosure. The wireless communication system 450 is similar to the wireless communication system 400 and includes many of the same or similar elements, such as a first base station 454, a second base station 456, a core network 452, and a user equipment (UE) 460. The UE 460 similarly includes a first modem 462, a first transceiver 464, a first antenna 466, a first SIM-1 card 482 (with a reader), a controller 480, a second modem 472, a second transceiver 474, and a second antenna 476. The details of these same or similar elements have been discussed with reference to the wireless communication system 400.

[0083] UE 460 differs from UE 420 in that, instead of having a second SIM card reader (although it may still be implemented to directly read the second SIM card), UE 460 includes a Bluetooth (BT) transceiver (Tx / Rx) 484 configured to communicate with a user equipment (UE) 490 to receive information from a second SIM-2 card 492 in UE 490. Thus, controller 480 uses its Bluetooth transceiver 484 to read information stored in the second SIM-2 card 492 of UE 490 via Bluetooth communication, and configures / controls modem 472 and transceiver 474 to wirelessly communicate with second base station 456 via antenna 476. This may be the case where UE 460 is part of a vehicle system and UE 490 is a device used by an occupant of the vehicle.

[0084] Figure 5A is a timing diagram of exemplary uplink transmission time slots in accordance with a dual subscription dual active (DSDA) mode of operation of UE 420 or 460 according to another aspect of the present disclosure. The x-axis or horizontal axis represents time and it is divided into 20 uplink transmission time slots numbered 1-20 represented as rectangles.

[0085] The upper rectangles represent uplink transmission time slots associated with the first SIM-1 card 442 or 482 of the UE 420 or 460, respectively (e.g., by using the first modem 422 or 462, the first transceiver 424 or 464, and the first antenna 426 or 466 of the UE 420 or 460, respectively). The lower rectangles represent uplink transmission time slots associated with the second SIM-2 card 444 or 492 of the UE 420 or 490, respectively (e.g., by using the second modem 432 or 472, the second transceiver 434 or 474, and the second antenna 436 or 476 of the UE 420 or 460, respectively). In this example, the uplink transmission time slots associated with the first and second SIM-1 and SIM-2 cards or subscriptions are synchronized (time aligned), but need not be synchronized in all implementations described herein.

[0086] like Figure 5A As shown in the conventional diagram of FIG. 1 , light rectangles indicate uplink transmission time slots in which no uplink signals are transmitted, and dark rectangles indicate uplink transmission time slots in which uplink signals are transmitted. For example, with respect to the first SIM-1 card or subscription, uplink signals are transmitted in time slots 1, 4, 6, 9, 11, 14, 17, and 18. Since a total of 20 uplink transmission time slots are shown, and eight (8) uplink signal transmissions occur in the time interval of the 20 uplink transmission time slots, it can be said that the transmission rate associated with the first SIM-1 card is 40% (e.g., 8 / 20*100%). P1 within the black rectangle indicates the power level of the uplink signals transmitted in those time slots.

[0087] Similarly, with respect to the second SIM-2 card or subscription, uplink signals are transmitted in time slots 5, 9, 11, 13, 19, and 20. Again, since a total of 20 uplink transmission time slots are shown, and six (6) uplink signal transmissions occur in a time interval of 20 uplink transmission time slots, it can be said that the transmission rate associated with the second SIM-2 card is 30% (e.g., 6 / 20*100%). P2 within the black rectangle indicates the power level of the uplink signals transmitted in those time slots.

[0088] User equipment (UE) such as UE 420 and 460 may be adapted to a power class in which a maximum allowed transmit power may be specified. That is, to prevent unsafe exposure of humans to electromagnetic radiation and to prevent excessive power consumption and heat dissipation in the device, the power level of a signal transmitted by the UE should not exceed the maximum allowed transmit power at any given time. As an example, a UE with power class 3 has a maximum allowed transmit power of 23 decibel-milliwatts (dBm). A UE with power class 2 has a maximum allowed transmit power of 26 dBm.

[0089] In a single transceiver user equipment (UE), a transmit power controller may control the power level of the signal transmitted by the transceiver, which may also be specified by the corresponding base station or cell to which the signal is transmitted. However, when the UE has two transceivers and operates in DSDA mode, the sum of the power levels of the signals transmitted simultaneously by the transceivers should be considered relative to the maximum allowed transmit power. In other words, the sum of the power levels of the signals transmitted simultaneously by the transceivers should not exceed the maximum allowed transmit power, otherwise there is a power level consistency violation.

[0090] Reference again Figure 5A In the uplink transmission time slot timing diagram of FIG. 4 , there is a pair of uplink transmission time slots in which two transceivers 424 / 434 or 464 / 474 of UE 420 or 460 simultaneously transmit uplink signals. These time slots are time slots 9 and 11. Since the first transceiver 424 / 464 associated with the first SIM-1 card transmits uplink signals at power level P1, and the second transceiver 434 / 474 associated with the second SIM-2 card transmits uplink signals at power level P2, the sum of the power levels P1 and P2 during uplink transmission time slots 9 and 11 should not exceed the maximum allowed transmit power.

[0091] Figure 5B According to another aspect of the present disclosure Figure 5A The power level diagram may relate to an uplink transmission time slot in which two transceivers 424 / 434 or 464 / 474 simultaneously transmit uplink signals, such as Figure 5A 9 and 11 shown in FIG. 1 . The vertical axis of the power level diagram represents the transmit power. The horizontal dashed line represents the maximum allowed transmit power Tx_Pwr_Max of the power class of UE 420 or 460.

[0092] As shown, the power level P1 of the uplink signal transmitted by the first transceiver 424 / 464 may occupy a significant portion of the power allocation specified by the maximum allowed transmit power Tx_Pwr_Max, and the power level P2 of the uplink signal transmitted by the second transceiver 434 / 474 may occupy another significant portion of the power allocation specified by the maximum allowed transmit power Tx_Pwr_Max. In this example, the sum of the power levels P1 and P2 exceeds the maximum allowed transmit power Tx_Pwr_Max. Therefore, if the transmit powers of the first transceiver 424 / 464 and the second transceiver 434 / 474 are independently controlled, the probability or possibility that the signal power transmitted by the UE 420 or 460 may exceed the maximum allowed transmit power Tx_Pwr_Max may be high.

[0093] Fig. 6A 6 is a block diagram of an example user equipment (UE) 600 according to another aspect of the present disclosure. In summary, UE 600 may be configured similarly to UE 420 or 460, UE 600 includes a first modem 622, a first transceiver (Tx / Rx) 624, a first antenna 626, a first SIM-1 card 642 (with a reader), a controller 640, a second SIM-2 card 644 (with a reader or located in another device of each UE 460 discussed previously), a second modem 632, a second transceiver (Tx / Rx) 634, and a second antenna 636.

[0094] In order that the sum of the power levels of the uplink signals simultaneously transmitted by the first transceiver 624 and the second transceiver 634 according to the DSDA operation mode does not exceed the maximum allowed transmit power, the UE 620 includes a transmit power controller 650 that adjusts the power level of one or more uplink signals transmitted simultaneously. In this example, the transmit power controller 650 adjusts the power level of the signal associated with the lower priority application. The transmit power controller 650 can be coupled to the controller 640 and the first and second transceivers 624 and 634.

[0095] For example, the controller 640 may set the designated power levels of uplink signals transmitted by the transceivers 624 and 634 to P1 and P2, respectively. Thus, if the uplink signals transmitted by the transceivers 624 and 634 do not occur simultaneously (e.g., in different uplink transmission time slots), the transceivers 624 and 634 transmit the uplink signals at designated power levels P1 and P2, neither of which exceeds the maximum allowed transmit power Tx_Pwr_Max. However, if the transmit power controller 650 determines that during one or more future or past uplink transmission time slots, the transceivers 624 and 634 will be operated or have been operated to simultaneously transmit uplink signals, the transmit power controller 650 adjusts the power levels P1 and / or P2 so that the sum of the adjusted power levels P1' and / or P2' does not exceed the maximum allowed transmit power Tx_Pwr_Max.

[0096] In this example, the transmit power controller 650 adjusts the designated power level of the signal associated with the lower priority application. Alternatively, the transmit power controller 650 does not adjust the designated power level P1 of the signal associated with the higher priority application, but adjusts the designated power level P2' of the lower priority application.

[0097] For example, if the uplink signal transmitted by the first transceiver 624 is associated with an emergency application (e.g., dialing 911 or other emergency number), and the uplink signal simultaneously transmitted by the second transceiver 634 is associated with Internet data, the transmit power controller 650 maintains the power level of the uplink emergency signal transmitted by the first transceiver 624 at the specified power level P1 indicated by the controller 640, and reduces the power level of the uplink signal transmitted by the second transceiver to P2'; wherein the sum of the power levels P1 and P2' does not exceed the maximum allowed transmit power. Thus, in this example, emergency transmissions are given a higher priority than other transmissions (such as C-V2X, voice, and data).

[0098] Considering another example, if the uplink signal transmitted by the first transceiver 624 is associated with a vehicle C-V2X application, and the uplink signal transmitted simultaneously by the second transceiver 634 is associated with Internet data or voice, the transmit power controller 650 maintains the power level of the uplink signal transmitted by the first transceiver 624 at the specified power level P1 indicated by the controller 640, and reduces the power level of the uplink signal transmitted by the second transceiver to P2'; wherein the sum of the power levels P1 and P2' does not exceed the maximum allowed transmit power. Therefore, in this example, C-V2X transmissions are given a higher priority than voice and data.

[0099] Considering yet another example, if the uplink signal transmitted by the first transceiver 624 is associated with a vehicle SIM card, and the uplink signal transmitted simultaneously by the second transceiver 634 is associated with a SIM card of a vehicle occupant's user equipment, the transmit power controller 650 maintains the power level of the uplink signal transmitted by the first transceiver 624 at the specified power level P1 indicated by the controller 640, and reduces the power level of the uplink vehicle occupant user equipment signal transmitted by the second transceiver to P2'; wherein the sum of the power levels P1 and P2' does not exceed the maximum allowed transmit power. Therefore, in this example, the vehicle's SIM card transmission is given a higher priority than the user's SIM card transmission.

[0100] Considering yet another example, if the uplink signal transmitted by the first transceiver 624 is associated with a voice call, and the uplink signal transmitted simultaneously by the second transceiver 634 is associated with data, the transmit power controller 650 maintains the power level of the uplink signal transmitted by the first transceiver 624 at the specified power level P1 indicated by the controller 640, and reduces the power level of the uplink signal transmitted by the second transceiver to P2'; wherein the sum of the power levels P1 and P2' does not exceed the maximum allowed transmit power. Therefore, in this example, voice transmission is given a higher priority than data transmission.

[0101] Figure 6B is a transmit power level diagram related to an exemplary dual subscription dual activity (DSDA) mode of operation of UE 600 according to another aspect of the present disclosure. The power level diagram is similar to Figure 5A , except for the power level of the signal transmitted by the second transceiver 634 (during the uplink transmission time slot in which the first transceiver 624 also transmits an uplink signal with a specified power level P1), the transmit power controller 650 reduces its specified power level from P2 to P2', so that the sum of the power levels P1 and P2' does not exceed the maximum allowed transmit power Tx_Pwr_Max. Therefore, the transmit power controller 650 ensures that the maximum allowed transmit power specification or power level consistency is not violated. As described above, the signal transmitted by the first transceiver 624 can be associated with an application that is designated as having a higher priority than the application associated with the signal transmitted by the second transceiver 634.

[0102] Fig. 7A is a diagram illustrating another example wireless communication system 700 according to another aspect of the present disclosure. The wireless communication system 700 includes a set of available base stations or cells 712-1 to 712-N, another base station 714, and a user equipment (UE) 720. The UE 700 is configured to operate in MSIM and DSDA modes of operation, similar to the UEs 420, 460, and 620 discussed previously.

[0103] More specifically, the UE 720 includes a first modem 722, a first transceiver (Tx / Rx) 724, a first antenna 726, a first SIM-1 card 742 (with a reader), a controller 740, a second SIM-2 card (with a reader or accessible via Bluetooth communication), a second modem 732, a second transceiver 734, and a second antenna 736. In order to reduce the occurrence, likelihood, or frequency of future simultaneous first and second signal transmissions by the first and second transceivers 724, 734 exceeding the maximum allowed transmit power in the DSDA mode of operation, the UE 720 also includes a transmit power controller 750 configured to implement cell selection. The transmit power controller 750 may implement cell selection for one or both SIM card operations in idle mode before starting the DSDA mode of operation, or implement cell selection for both SIM card operations in connected mode.

[0104] In this example, the set of available cells 712-1 to 712-N meet the s-criteria of UE 720. Therefore, any one of the cells 712-1 to 712-N is available for camping by UE 720. Each of the cells 712-1 to 712-N transmits various system information blocks (SIBs), such as SIB1, SIB3, SIB5, and SIB6. In idle mode, UE 720 can monitor SIB1 and SIB3, and in connected mode, UE 720 can monitor SIB5 and SIB6. Each of these SIBs has a parameter p-Max, which specifies the maximum power that UE 720 is to transmit to the cell that transmits the corresponding SIB.

[0105] Therefore, if the transmit power controller 750 expects that the UE 720 will operate in the DSDA mode when the UE 720 is in the idle mode (for example, it receives an instruction from the user to operate in the DSDA mode), the transmit power controller 750 obtains p-Max information from SIB1 and / or SIB3 of each cell in the set of available cells 712-1 to 712-N, and performs cell selection based on the minimum or lower p-Max value of the p-Max values ​​of one or more cells in the unselected cells 712-1 to 712-N, respectively. As an example, if a first subset of one or more cells in the set of available cells 712-1 to 712-N has a p-Max value of 23 dBm or higher, and a second subset of one or more cells in the set of available cells 712-1 to 712-N has a p-Max value of 20 dBm or lower, the transmit power controller 750 instructs the controller 740 to select one of the cells in the second subset.

[0106] The above-mentioned cell selection operation is also applicable to the connected mode. That is, the UE 720 can currently camp on a cell with a p-Max value of 23dBm or higher in the set of available cells 712-1 to 712-N. If the transmit power controller 750 expects that the UE 720 will subsequently operate in the DSDA mode, the transmit power controller 750 obtains the p-Max information from the SIB5 and / or SIB6 from each of the available cell sets 712-1 to 712-N, and performs cell selection based on the minimum or lower p-Max value in the p-Max values ​​of the available cell sets 712-1 to 712-N. Therefore, if one or more cells in the available cell sets 712-1 to 712-N have a p-Max value of 20dbm (lower than the p-Max of the cell in which it currently resides), the transmit power controller 750 commands the controller 740 to select a new cell with a lower p-Max to camp on it.

[0107] It should be understood that one or more of the p-Max values ​​associated with one or more cells in the set of available cells 712-1 to 712-N on which the UE 720 has previously obtained information or camped on can be stored in an internal memory, thereby allowing the UE 720 to access the one or more p-Max values ​​from the internal memory instead of consuming power by receiving and decoding the corresponding SIBs.

[0108] As an example, if the UE 720 is designated as a power class 3 device, which means that it has a maximum allowed transmit power of 23 dBm, the transmit power controller 750 can cause the UE 720 to camp on one cell with a p-Max of 20 dBm in the set of available cells 712-1 to 712-N. Therefore, because the maximum transmit power of the first transceiver 724 is limited to 20 dBm, the second transceiver 734 is able to transmit uplink signals at a power level of up to 20 dBm in the DSDA mode of operation. That is, for power class 3 devices, simultaneous uplink signal transmissions by the first and second transceivers 724 and 734 at a power level of 20 dBm do not exceed the maximum allowed transmit power of 23 dBm. Therefore, through appropriate cell selection, the first transceiver 724 and the second transceiver 734 can simultaneously transmit uplink signals with sufficient power for a successful DSDA mode of operation.

[0109] Figure 7B is a transmit power level diagram related to another exemplary dual subscription dual activity (DSDA) operating mode according to another aspect of the present disclosure. The power level diagram is similar to the power level diagram discussed previously. In this example, the transmit power controller 750 has implemented cell selection with the minimum p-Max value in the set of available cells 712-1 to 712-N for the first transceiver 724 of the UE 720. Therefore, in the DSDA operating mode, the first transceiver 724 of the UE 720 transmits uplink signals with P1≤min{p-Max1-pMaxN}, where the p-Max1 to p-MaxN values ​​correspond to the set of available cells 712-1 to 712-N, respectively. Therefore, in order to comply with the maximum allowed transmit power Tx_Pwr_Max, the second transceiver 734 can transmit uplink signals in the DSDA mode at a power level of up to P2≤Tx_Pwr_Max minus min{p-Max1-pMaxN}.

[0110] Figure 7Cis a timing diagram of an exemplary frequency division duplex (FDD) time slot configuration related to a dual subscription dual activity (DSDA) mode of operation according to another aspect of the present disclosure. In the previous example, the transmit power controller 750 selects a cell based on a minimum or lower p-Max value in a set of p-Max values ​​respectively related to a set of available cells 712-1 to 712-N. Figure 7C-7D In an associated example, the transmit power controller 750 may select a cell that uses a time division duplex (TDD) time slot configuration relative to an FDD time slot configuration. As described below, this may reduce the likelihood or frequency of simultaneous uplink signal transmissions by the transceivers 724 and 734 according to the DSDA operation mode to reduce power level consistency violations for the UE 720.

[0111] Figure 7C The x-axis or horizontal axis of the timing diagram of represents time, which in this example is divided into 20 transmission time slots (represented as rectangles) numbered 1-20. The upper portion of the timing diagram represents downlink (DL) time slots 1-20 and uplink (UL) time slots 1-20 associated with the first transceiver 724 of the UE 720, respectively. The vertical axis associated with the upper portion represents frequency. Therefore, in an FDD time slot configuration, the first transceiver 724 is capable of receiving downlink signals via a frequency carrier different from the frequency carrier in which the first transceiver 724 is capable of transmitting uplink signals. Therefore, in an FDD time slot configuration, the first transceiver 724 is capable of simultaneously receiving downlink signals and transmitting uplink signals.

[0112] In this example, the dark rectangles represent time slots in which the first transceiver 724 has transmitted uplink signals at power level P1, such as time slots 1, 4, 6, 9, 11, 14, 17, and 18. Figure 5A In the example of , the transmission rate is 40% because there are eight (8) uplink time slot transmissions within the 20 time slot time interval. The lower portion of the timing diagram represents the uplink transmission time slots of the second transceiver 734. In this example, the second transceiver 734 has transmitted uplink signals at power level P2 in time slots 5, 9, 11, 13, 19, and 20. Similar to Figure 5A In the example of , the transmission rate is 30% because there are six (6) uplink time slot transmissions within the 20 time slot time interval. Similarly, in time slots 9 and 11, the first and second transceivers 724 and 734 transmit signals simultaneously, which may result in a violation of power level consistency if the sum of power levels P1 and P2 exceeds the maximum allowed transmit power.

[0113] Fig.7Dis a timing diagram of an exemplary time division duplex (TDD) time slot configuration related to a dual subscription dual activity (DSDA) mode of operation according to another aspect of the present disclosure. Similarly, the x-axis or horizontal axis represents time, which in this example is divided into 20 transmission time slots (represented as rectangles) numbered 1-20. The upper portion of the timing diagram represents the TDD time slot associated with the first transceiver 724, and the lower portion of the timing diagram represents the UL FDD time slot associated with the second transceiver 734.

[0114] In the TDD slot configuration, the second transceiver 724 receives the downlink signal and sends the uplink signal using the same frequency carrier. Therefore, the reception of the downlink signal is orthogonal to or does not overlap the transmission of the uplink signal. In the TDD slot configuration, there may be segments of continuous uplink (UL) slots, segments of continuous downlink (DL) slots, segments of continuous idle (F) slots that may be used for downlink reception or uplink transmission, one or more slots partially designated for downlink and idle (D / F), and one or more other slots partially designated for idle and uplink (F / U).

[0115] exist Fig.7D In the example of , the first transceiver 724 sends uplink signals in five (5) time slots (i.e., time slots 1, 4, 6, 14, and 17). Since there are seven (7) downlink time slots, the first transceiver 724 can only send uplink signals in 13 time slots. When the first transceiver 724 sends uplink signals in five (5) time slots, the transmission rate is still about 40% (e.g., 5 / 13×100%=38%). The second transceiver 734 sends uplink signals at a 30% transmission rate in time slots 5, 9, 11, 13, 19, and 20. Since the transmission power controller 750 implements cell selection from an FDD cell to a TDD cell, the possibility or frequency of the first and second transceivers 724 and 734 sending uplink signals at the same time is small. In this example, the first transceiver 724 and the second transceiver 734 do not send uplink signals at the same time. Therefore, the designated power levels P1 and P2 may remain the same with a low probability or frequency of UE 720 violating power class consistency.

[0116] Fig. 8A 8 is a diagram illustrating another example wireless communication system 800 according to another aspect of the present disclosure. The wireless communication system 800 includes a first base station 812, a second base station 814, a core network 810, and a user equipment (UE) 820. The UE 800 is configured to operate in MSIM and DSDA operation modes, similar to the UEs 420, 460, 620, and 720 discussed previously.

[0117] More specifically, the UE 820 includes a first modem 822, a first transceiver (Tx / Rx) 824, a first antenna 826, a first SIM-1 card 842 (with a reader), a controller 840, a second SIM-2 card (with a reader or accessible via a Bluetooth transceiver), a second modem 832, a second transceiver 834, and a second antenna 836. In order to reduce the occurrence, likelihood, or frequency of future simultaneous first signal transmissions and second signal transmissions by the first transceiver 824 and the second transceiver 834 exceeding the maximum allowed transmit power in the DSDA operating mode, the UE 820 also includes a transmit power controller 850 configured to request network assistance.

[0118] The transmit power controller 850 may request assistance from a network including one or more of the base stations 812, 814 and / or the core network 810 to reduce the occurrence, likelihood, or frequency of future simultaneous first signal transmissions and second signal transmissions by the first transceiver 824 and the second transceiver 834 exceeding the maximum allowed transmit power in the DSDA mode of operation. As further discussed herein, the assistance may take the form of: reducing the transmission rate of uplink signal transmissions by one or both of the first transceiver 824 and the second transceiver 834; rescheduling uplink signal transmissions by one or both of the first transceiver 824 and the second transceiver 834; and commanding the UE 850 to operate not in the DSDA mode but in the single UL mode of operation.

[0119] Figure 8B 824 and 834. FIG. 824 is a timing diagram of another exemplary uplink transmission time slot associated with a dual subscription dual activity (DSDA) mode of operation according to another aspect of the present disclosure. Similar to the timing diagrams discussed previously, the x-axis or horizontal axis represents time divided into 20 uplink transmission time slots numbered 1-20, visually represented as rectangles. The upper portion of the timing diagram represents uplink signal transmission time slots associated with the first transceiver 824, and the lower portion of the timing diagram represents uplink signal transmission time slots associated with the second transceiver 834. The dark rectangles represent time slots including uplink signal transmissions having a specified power level P1 for the first transceiver 824 and a specified power level P2 for the second transceiver 834.

[0120] In this example, in order to reduce the occurrence, likelihood, or frequency of future simultaneous first signal transmissions and second signal transmissions by the first transceiver 824 and the second transceiver 834 exceeding the maximum allowed transmit power in the DSDA mode of operation, the transmit power controller 850 causes one or more messages to be sent to the network to help reduce the occurrence, likelihood, or frequency of power level consistency violations. In response, the network sends one or more messages to the UE 820 commanding the UE 820 to increase the transmission rates associated with the first transceiver 824 and the second transceiver 834 from the following values: Figure 5A The 40% and 30% shown are reduced to 30% and 20%, respectively. Since there are fewer uplink signal transmissions in the 20-time slot time interval, the possibility or frequency of the first transceiver 824 and the second transceiver 834 performing uplink signal transmissions at the same time is smaller. Figure 5A In the example of , there are two time slots 9 and 11 in which simultaneous uplink signal transmission occurs. Figure 8B In the example of , due to the reduction in transmission rate associated with the first transceiver 824 and the second transceiver 834, it does not exist.

[0121] Figure 8C 824 and 834. FIG. 824 is a timing diagram of another example uplink transmission time slot associated with a dual subscription dual activity (DSDA) mode of operation according to another aspect of the present disclosure. Similar to the timing diagrams discussed previously, the x-axis or horizontal axis represents time divided into 20 uplink transmission time slots numbered 1-20, visually represented as rectangles. The upper portion of the timing diagram represents uplink signal transmission time slots associated with the first transceiver 824, and the lower portion of the timing diagram represents uplink signal transmission time slots associated with the second transceiver 834. The dark rectangles represent time slots including uplink signal transmissions having a specified power level P1 for the first transceiver 824 and a specified power level P2 for the second transceiver 834.

[0122] In this example, in order to reduce the occurrence, likelihood, or frequency of future simultaneous first signal transmissions and second signal transmissions by the first transceiver 824 and the second transceiver 834 exceeding the maximum allowed transmit power in the DSDA mode of operation, the transmit power controller 850 causes one or more messages to be sent to the network to help reduce the occurrence, likelihood, or frequency of power level consistency violations. The message includes information such as a bitmap that identifies the time slots in which future simultaneous uplink transmissions by the first and second transceivers 824 and 834 are scheduled. Figure 5A For example, the message indicates that simultaneous uplink signal transmission is scheduled in time slots 9 and 11.

[0123] In response to the network assistance request message, the network sends one or more messages to the UE 820, instructing it to reschedule uplink signal transmissions in time slots 9 and 11. In this example, the message reschedules the uplink signal transmission of the second transceiver 834 from time slots 9 and 11, respectively. Figure 5A ) is rescheduled to time slots 8 and 10 ( Figure 8C ). Therefore, if Figure 8C As shown in the timing diagram, the rescheduling of the uplink signal transmission of the second transceiver 834 results in the first transceiver 824 and the second transceiver 834 not performing uplink signal transmission at the same time; thereby, avoiding potential power level consistency violations caused by simultaneous uplink signal transmissions whose cumulative power exceeds the maximum allowed transmit power of UE 820.

[0124] Fig.8D 824 and 834. FIG. 824 is a timing diagram of another example uplink transmission time slot associated with a dual subscription dual activity (DSDA) mode of operation according to another aspect of the present disclosure. Similar to the timing diagrams discussed previously, the x-axis or horizontal axis represents time divided into 20 uplink transmission time slots numbered 1-20, visually represented as rectangles. The upper portion of the timing diagram represents uplink signal transmission time slots associated with the first transceiver 824, and the lower portion of the timing diagram represents uplink signal transmission time slots associated with the second transceiver 834. The dark rectangles represent time slots including uplink signal transmissions having a specified power level P1 for the first transceiver 824 and a specified power level P2 for the second transceiver 834.

[0125] In this example, in order to reduce the occurrence, likelihood, or frequency of future simultaneous first and second signal transmissions by the first transceiver 824 and the second transceiver 834 exceeding the maximum allowed transmit power in the DSDA mode of operation, the transmit power controller 850 updates the capabilities of the UE 820 to indicate a single UL operation rather than the DSDA mode of operation, and sends a tracking area update (TAU) message indicating a TAU update to the network. In response, the network sends a response message to the UE 820 to schedule uplink signal transmissions of the first and second transceivers 824 and 834 during non-overlapping or orthogonal time intervals.

[0126] In this example, the network schedules uplink signal transmission for the first transceiver 824 during time slots 1-10, and schedules uplink signal transmission for the second transceiver 834 during time slots 11-20. Therefore, at a transmission rate of 40%, the first transceiver 824 sends uplink signals in time slots 1, 2, 5, and 10; and at a transmission rate of 30%, the second transceiver 834 sends uplink signals in time slots 13, 14, and 19. Since the uplink transmission intervals of the first transceiver 824 and the second transceiver 834 are non-overlapping or orthogonal, there is no simultaneous uplink signal transmission by the first transceiver 824 and the second transceiver 834; thereby, power level consistency violations caused by simultaneous uplink signal transmissions whose cumulative power exceeds the maximum allowed transmit power of the UE 820 are avoided.

[0127] Fig. 9 9 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation of a user equipment (UE) 900 employing a processing system 914. For example, the UE 900 may correspond to the above referenced Figure 1 Any UE among the described UEs. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figures 4A-4B , Fig. 6A , Fig. 7A and Fig. 8A .

[0128] UE 900 can be implemented with a processing system 914 including one or more processors 904. Examples of processor 904 include microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform various functions described throughout this disclosure. In various examples, UE 900 can be configured to perform any one or more of the functions described herein. That is, the processor 904 as utilized in UE 900 can be used to implement any one or more of the processes and procedures described below.

[0129] In this example, the processing system 914 may be implemented with a bus architecture generally represented by bus 902. Bus 902 may include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on the specific application and overall design constraints of the processing system 914. Bus 902 links together various circuits including one or more processors (generally represented by processor 904), memory 905, and computer readable media (generally represented by computer readable media 906). Bus 902 may also link various other circuits, such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and therefore will not be described further.

[0130] The bus interface 908 provides an interface between the bus 902 and a first transceiver 932, which is coupled to at least one antenna 934 (e.g., an antenna array or one or more antenna panels) associated with the first SIM-1 card. The bus interface 908 also provides an interface between the bus 902 and a second transceiver 936, which is coupled to at least one additional antenna 938 (e.g., an antenna array or one or more antenna panels) associated with the second SIM-2 card. The transceivers 932 and 936 provide components for communicating with various other devices via a transmission medium (e.g., an air interface). Depending on the nature of the device, a user interface 912 (e.g., a keyboard, a display, a touch screen, a speaker, a microphone, a control knob, etc.) may also be coupled to the bus interface 908. Of course, such a user interface 912 is optional and may be omitted in some examples. Additionally, the UE 900 may include SIM card readers, such as a SIM-1 reader 916 for reading information from a first SIM-1 card and a SIM-2 reader 918 for reading information from a second SIM-2 card, both coupled to the bus interface 908 .

[0131] The processor 904 is responsible for managing the bus 902 and general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium 906. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language or other terms, software should be broadly interpreted as meaning instructions, instruction sets, codes, code segments, program codes, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, processes, functions, etc. When the software is executed by the processor 904, the processing system 914 performs various functions described below for any specific device. The computer-readable medium 906 and the memory 905 can also be used to store data manipulated by the processor 904 when executing the software. For example, the memory 905 can store cell configuration information, such as information received from a cell previously residing in or previously obtaining SIB information including p-Max parameters via SIBs (e.g., SIB1, SIB3, SIB5 and / or SIB6).

[0132] The computer-readable medium 906 may be a non-transitory computer-readable medium. As an example, a non-transitory computer-readable medium includes a magnetic storage device (e.g., a hard disk, a floppy disk, a magnetic stripe), an optical disk (e.g., a compact disk (CD) or a digital versatile disk (DVD)), a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, or a key drive), a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable ROM (PROM), an erasable PROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), a register, a removable disk, and any other suitable medium for storing software and / or instructions that can be accessed and read by a computer. The computer-readable medium 906 may reside in the processing system 914, outside the processing system 914, or distributed across multiple entities including the processing system 914. The computer-readable medium 906 may be embodied in a computer program product. For example, a computer program product may include a computer-readable medium in a packaging material. In some examples, the computer-readable medium 906 may be part of the memory 905. Those skilled in the art will recognize how to best implement the described functionality presented throughout this disclosure depending on the particular application and the overall design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0133] In some aspects of the present disclosure, the processor 904 may include circuits configured for various functions. For example, the processor 904 may include a communication and processing circuit SUB-1 942 configured to communicate with a first base station (e.g., gNB) in an MSIM and / or DSDA operating mode based on information in a first SIM-1 card read by a first SIM-1 card reader 916. The communication and processing circuit system SUB-1 942 may perform its operations under the control of communication and processing instructions SUB-1 952 stored in a computer-readable medium 906. In some examples, the communication and processing circuit system SUB-1 942 may include one or more hardware components that provide a physical structure for performing processing related to wireless communication (e.g., signal reception and / or signal transmission) and signal processing (e.g., processing received signals and / or processing signals for transmission).

[0134] The processor 904 may include a communication and processing circuit 944 configured to communicate with a second base station (e.g., gNB) in an MSIM and / or DSDA operation mode based on information in a second SIM-2 card read by a second SIM-2 card reader 918. The communication and processing circuit system SUB-2 944 may perform its operations under the control of communication and processing instructions SUB-2 954 stored in the computer-readable medium 906. In some examples, the communication and processing circuit system SUB-2 944 may include one or more hardware components that provide a physical structure for performing processing related to wireless communication (e.g., signal reception and / or signal transmission) and signal processing (e.g., processing received signals and / or processing signals for transmission).

[0135] The processor 904 may include a transmit power controller 946 to control the signal transmit power of the transceivers 932 and 936 in the MSIM and / or DSDA operating modes, as previously discussed with reference to the transmit power controllers 650, 750, and 850. Accordingly, the transmit power controller 946 may be configured to adjust the transmit power of one or both of the transceivers 932 and 936 so that the sum of the transmit power levels of the signals simultaneously transmitted by the transceivers 932 and 936 in accordance with the DSDA operating mode does not exceed the maximum allowed transmit power. As previously described, the adjustment may be based on the priority of the application to which the transmitted signal belongs (e.g., priority level: emergency>C-V2X>voice>data, or vehicle SIM>occupant user equipment SIM).

[0136] The transmit power controller 946 may be configured to perform cell selection to reduce the occurrence, likelihood, or frequency of the sum of the transmit power levels of signals simultaneously transmitted by the transceivers 932 and 936 in accordance with the DSDA mode of operation exceeding the maximum allowed transmit power. As previously discussed, the transmit power controller 946 may perform this operation by selecting a cell having a p-Max value that is the minimum or lower value in a set of p-Max values ​​associated with a set of available cells to camp on. The transmit power controller 946 may also perform this operation by selecting a cell that uses a TDD time slot configuration rather than an FDD time slot configuration.

[0137] The transmit power controller 946 may be configured to request network assistance to reduce the occurrence, likelihood, or frequency of the sum of the transmit power levels of signals simultaneously transmitted by the transceivers 932 and 936 in accordance with the DSDA mode of operation exceeding the maximum allowed transmit power. As previously discussed, the transmit power controller 946 may send a first message to the network that it has violated or is expected to violate the power level consistency of the UE 900, and in response to the first message, the network sends a second message to the UE 900 instructing it to reduce the transmission rate associated with one or both of the transceivers 932 and 936.

[0138] The transmit power controller 946 may also send a first message to the network indicating a current uplink signal transmission schedule, the current uplink signal transmission schedule identifying one or more time slots in which transceivers 932 and 936 are transmitting uplink signals simultaneously, and the network responds by sending a second message to the UE 900 to effectuate a rescheduling of uplink signal transmissions, thereby eliminating or reducing the number of time slots in which both transceivers 932 and 936 are transmitting simultaneously. The transmit power controller 946 may also send a first message to the network indicating a potential power level violation, and the network responds by sending a second message to the UE 900 to cease operating in the DSDA mode and operate in the single UL operation mode. The transmit power controller 946 may perform the foregoing operations under the control of the transmit power control instructions 956 stored in the computer-readable medium 906.

[0139] Fig.10 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method 1000 of transmit power control in connection with a dual subscription dual activity (DSDA) mode of operation in accordance with other aspects of the present disclosure. According to the method 1000, a transmit power controller 946, under control of transmit power control instructions 956 stored in a computer-readable medium 906, determines that future or past simultaneous first signal transmissions and second signal transmissions by a first transceiver 932 and a second transceiver 936 according to a dual subscription dual activity (DSDA) mode of operation are likely to exceed or have exceeded a maximum allowed transmit power, respectively (block 1002). Further, according to the method 1000, under control of the transmit power control instructions 956 stored in the computer-readable medium 906, the transmit power controller 946 performs at least one operation to reduce the occurrence, likelihood, or frequency of future simultaneous first and second signal transmissions, respectively, exceeding the maximum allowed transmit power in the DSDA mode of operation (block 1004).

[0140] In one configuration, the UE 1000 includes various components as described in the present disclosure. In one aspect, the aforementioned components may be Fig.10 The processor 1004 shown in , which is configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned components. On the other hand, the aforementioned components may be a circuit or any device configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned components.

[0141] Of course, in the above examples, the circuit system included in the processor 904 is provided only as an example, and other components for performing the described functions may be included in various aspects of the present disclosure, including but not limited to instructions stored in the computer-readable medium 1006, or in Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figures 4A-4B , Fig. 6A , Fig. 7A and Fig. 8A any of the drawings and using, for example, Fig. 9 Any other suitable means or components of the described processes and / or algorithms.

[0142] Several aspects of wireless communication networks have been presented with reference to exemplary implementations. As those skilled in the art will readily appreciate, various aspects described throughout this disclosure may be extended to other telecommunication systems, network architectures and communication standards.

[0143] As an example, various aspects may be implemented within other systems defined by 3GPP, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), Evolved Packet System (EPS), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), and / or Global System for Mobile (GSM). Various aspects may also be extended to systems defined by the Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2), such as CDMA2000 and / or Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO). Other examples may be implemented within systems employing IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Bluetooth, and / or other suitable systems. The actual telecommunication standard, network architecture, and / or communication standard employed will depend on the specific application and the overall design constraints imposed on the system.

[0144] Within the present disclosure, the word "exemplary" is used to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration". Any implementation or aspect described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as being preferred or advantageous over other aspects of the present disclosure. Likewise, the term "aspect" does not require that all aspects of the present disclosure include the discussed features, advantages, or modes of operation. The term "coupled" is used herein to refer to a direct or indirect coupling between two objects. For example, if object A physically contacts object B, and object B contacts object C, objects A and C may still be considered to be coupled to each other - even if they are not directly physically in contact with each other. For example, a first object may be coupled to a second object even if the first object has never been in direct physical contact with the second object. The terms "circuit" and "circuitry" are used broadly and are intended to include both hardware implementations of electrical devices and conductors and software implementations of information and instructions that, when connected and configured, enable the functions described in the present disclosure to be performed, without limitation to the type of electronic circuits that, when executed by a processor, enable the functions described in the present disclosure to be performed.

[0145] Figure 1-10One or more of the components, steps, features, and / or functions shown in the present invention may be rearranged and / or combined into a single component, step, feature, or function, or may be embodied in several components, steps, or functions. Additional elements, components, steps, and / or functions may also be added without departing from the novel features disclosed herein. Figure 1 , 2 , 4A-4B, 6A, 7A, 8A and 9, the devices, apparatuses and / or components shown may be configured to perform one or more of the methods, features or steps described herein. The novel algorithms described herein may also be efficiently implemented in software and / or embedded in hardware.

[0146] It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the disclosed methods is an illustration of exemplary processes. Based on design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods may be rearranged. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented unless specifically stated therein.

[0147] The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but to conform to the full scope consistent with the language of the claims, wherein, unless otherwise specified, references to elements in the singular are not intended to mean "one and only one", but "one or more". Unless otherwise specifically stated, the term "some" refers to one or more. The phrase "at least one" referring to a list of items refers to any combination of these items, including a single member. As an example, "at least one of a, b, or c" is intended to cover: a; b; c; a and b; a and c; b and c; and a, b, and c. All structural and functional equivalents of elements throughout the various aspects described in this disclosure that are known or will be known later by those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be covered by the claims. In addition, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recorded in the claims. No claim element is to be construed under 35 USC §112(f) unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for” or, in the case of a method claim, the element is recited using the phrase “step for.”

[0148] The following provides an overview of various aspects of the disclosure:

[0149] Aspect 1: A method for performing wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising: determining that future or past simultaneous first signal transmissions and second signal transmissions performed by a first transceiver and a second transceiver according to a dual subscription dual activity (DSDA) operation mode may exceed or have exceeded a maximum allowed transmit power, respectively; and performing at least one operation to reduce the occurrence, likelihood or frequency of future simultaneous first and second signal transmissions exceeding the maximum allowed transmit power in the DSDA operation mode, respectively.

[0150] Aspect 2: A method according to Aspect 1, wherein performing the at least one operation includes: setting a first transmission power level and a second transmission power level for the future simultaneous first signal transmission and the second signal transmission performed by the first transceiver and the second transceiver in the DSDA operation mode, respectively, wherein the sum of the first transmission power level and the second transmission power level does not exceed the maximum allowed transmission power.

[0151] Aspect 3: The method according to aspect 2, wherein the first transmission power level is higher than the second transmission power level.

[0152] Aspect 4: The method according to aspect 2, wherein the first transmission power level is higher than the second transmission power level because the future first signal transmission has a higher priority than the future second signal transmission.

[0153] Aspect 5: A method according to any one of Aspects 2-4, wherein the first transmit power level corresponds to a specified power level for the future first signal transmission, and wherein the second transmit power level is related to the maximum allowed transmit power minus the specified power level.

[0154] Aspect 6: The method according to any one of Aspects 1-5, wherein the future first signal transmission involves emergency signal transmission.

[0155] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of aspects 1-6, wherein the future first signal transmission involves a cellular vehicle signal transmission, and the future second signal transmission involves a vehicle occupant user equipment signal transmission.

[0156] Aspect 8: The method according to any one of aspects 1-7, wherein the future first signal transmission involves a cellular vehicle operation signal transmission, and the future second signal transmission involves a data or voice signal transmission.

[0157] Aspect 9: The method according to any one of aspects 1-8, wherein the at least one operation includes selecting a cell from a set of available cells.

[0158] Aspect 10: A method according to Aspect 9, wherein the selection of a cell is based on a first maximum transmission power level specified by the cell for future first signal transmission, which first maximum transmission power level is less than one or more other maximum transmission power levels respectively specified by one or more unselected cells in the set.

[0159] Aspect 11: The method according to aspect 10, wherein the at least one operation further comprises: specifying a second maximum transmit power level for the future second signal transmission related to the maximum allowed transmit power minus the first maximum transmit power level.

[0160] Aspect 12: A method according to any one of Aspects 9-11, wherein the selected cell adopts time division duplex (TDD) uplink and downlink signal transmission, and wherein one or more other cells in the available cell set adopt frequency division duplex (FDD) uplink and downlink signal transmission.

[0161] Aspect 13: The method according to any one of aspects 9 to 12, wherein selecting a cell from the set of available cells is performed in a connected mode or an idle mode.

[0162] Aspect 14: A method according to any one of Aspects 1-13, wherein the at least one operation includes: sending a first message to the network to help reduce the occurrence, possibility or frequency of future simultaneous first and second signal transmissions exceeding the maximum allowed transmit power in the DSDA operating mode.

[0163] Aspect 15: A method according to Aspect 14, wherein the at least one operation also includes: receiving a second message from the network in response to the first message, the second message providing instructions for reducing a transmission rate associated with future signal transmissions performed by the first transceiver and / or the second transceiver, respectively.

[0164] Aspect 16: A method according to Aspect 14 or 15, wherein the first message identifies one or more time intervals for scheduled future first and second simultaneous signal transmissions, and wherein at least one operation further includes receiving a second message from the network in response to the first message to reschedule the first and second signal transmissions by the first and second transceivers, respectively.

[0165] Aspect 17: A method according to aspect 14, wherein the at least one operation also includes: receiving a second message from the network in response to the first message, the second message providing instructions to operate in a single uplink (UL) operation mode.

[0166] Aspect 18: The method according to any one of aspects 1-17, wherein the maximum allowed transmit power is related to a power class of the UE.

[0167] Aspect 19: A user equipment (UE) within a wireless communication network, comprising: a first transceiver; a second transceiver; a memory; and a processor, which is communicatively coupled to the first transceiver, the second transceiver and the memory, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to: determine that future or past simultaneous first signal transmissions and second signal transmissions by the first transceiver and the second transceiver according to a dual subscription dual activity (DSDA) operation mode may exceed or have exceeded a maximum allowed transmission power, respectively; and perform at least one operation to reduce the occurrence, possibility or frequency of future simultaneous first and second signal transmissions exceeding the maximum allowed transmission power in the DSDA operation mode, respectively.

[0168] Aspect 20: A UE according to Aspect 19, wherein the at least one operation includes: setting a first transmission power level and a second transmission power level for the future simultaneous first signal transmission and the second signal transmission performed by the first transceiver and the second transceiver respectively in the DSDA operation mode, wherein the sum of the first transmission power level and the second transmission power level does not exceed the maximum allowed transmission power.

[0169] Aspect 21: The UE according to aspect 20, wherein the first transmit power level is higher than the second transmit power level because the future first signal transmission has a higher priority than the future second signal transmission.

[0170] Aspect 22: A UE according to any one of aspects 19-21, wherein at least one operation includes selecting a cell from a set of available cells.

[0171] Aspect 23: A UE according to Aspect 22, wherein the selection of the cell is based on a first maximum transmit power level specified by the cell for future first signal transmission, which first maximum transmit power level is less than one or more other maximum transmit power levels respectively specified by one or more non-selected cells in the set.

[0172] Aspect 24: A UE according to Aspect 22 or 23, wherein the selected cell adopts time division duplex (TDD) uplink and downlink signal transmission, and wherein one or more other cells in the available cell set adopt frequency division duplex (FDD) uplink and downlink signal transmission.

[0173] Aspect 25: The UE according to any one of aspects 22-24, wherein the selection of a cell in the set of available cells is performed in a connected mode or an idle mode.

[0174] Aspect 26: A UE according to any one of Aspects 19-25, wherein the at least one operation includes: sending a first message to the network to help reduce the occurrence, possibility or frequency of future simultaneous first and second signal transmissions exceeding the maximum allowed transmit power in the DSDA operating mode.

[0175] Aspect 27: A UE according to Aspect 26, wherein the at least one operation also includes: receiving a second message from the network in response to the first message, the second message providing instructions for reducing a transmission rate associated with future signal transmissions performed by the first transceiver and / or the second transceiver, respectively.

[0176] Aspect 28: A UE according to Aspect 26, wherein the first message identifies one or more time intervals for scheduled future first and second simultaneous signal transmissions, and wherein at least one operation further includes receiving a second message from the network in response to the first message to change the scheduling of future signal transmissions by the first and second transceivers, respectively.

[0177] Aspect 29: The UE according to Aspect 26, wherein the at least one operation also includes: receiving a second message from the network in response to the first message, the second message providing instructions to operate in a single uplink (UL) operation mode.

[0178] Aspect 30: A user equipment (UE) within a wireless communication network, comprising: a device for determining that future or past simultaneous first signal transmissions and second signal transmissions by a first transceiver and a second transceiver according to a dual subscription dual activity (DSDA) operation mode may exceed or have exceeded a maximum allowed transmission power, respectively; and a device for performing at least one operation to reduce the occurrence, possibility or frequency of future simultaneous first and second signal transmissions exceeding the maximum allowed transmission power in the DSDA operation mode, respectively.

[0179] Aspect 31: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer executable code, comprising code for causing a computer in a user equipment (UE) to perform the following operations: determining that future or past simultaneous first signal transmissions and second signal transmissions by a first transceiver and a second transceiver according to a dual subscription dual activity (DSDA) operation mode may exceed or have exceeded a maximum allowed transmit power, respectively; and performing at least one operation to reduce the occurrence, likelihood or frequency of future simultaneous first and second signal transmissions exceeding the maximum allowed transmit power in the DSDA operation mode, respectively.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: determining that future or past simultaneous first and second signal transmissions by the first and second transceivers, respectively, in accordance with a dual-subscribe dual-active (DSDA) mode of operation may exceed or have exceeded a maximum allowed transmit power; as well as Perform at least one operation to respectively reduce the occurrence, likelihood or frequency of the future simultaneous first signal transmission and second signal transmission exceeding the maximum allowed transmit power in the DSDA operating mode, wherein the at least one operation includes selecting a cell from a set of available cells, wherein the selection of the cell is based on a first maximum transmit power level specified by the cell for the future first signal transmission, the first maximum transmit power level being less than one or more other maximum transmit power levels respectively specified by one or more unselected cells in the set.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: Performing at least one of the operations includes: setting a first transmission power level and a second transmission power level for the future simultaneous first signal transmission and second signal transmission performed by the first transceiver and the second transceiver in the DSDA operation mode, respectively, wherein the sum of the first transmission power level and the second transmission power level does not exceed the maximum allowed transmission power.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein: The first transmit power level is higher than the second transmit power level.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein: Since the future first signal transmission has a higher priority than the future second signal transmission, the first transmit power level is higher than the second transmit power level.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein: The first transmit power level corresponds to a specified power level for the future first signal transmission, and wherein the second transmit power level is related to the maximum allowed transmit power minus the specified power level.

6. The method according to claim 4, wherein: The future first signal transmission involves an emergency signal transmission.

7. The method according to claim 4, wherein: The future first signal transmission relates to a cellular vehicle signal transmission, and the future second signal transmission relates to a vehicle occupant user equipment signal transmission.

8. The method according to claim 4, wherein: The future first signal transmission relates to a cellular vehicle operations signal transmission, and the future second signal transmission relates to a data or voice signal transmission.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The at least one operation further includes specifying a second maximum transmit power level for the future second signal transmission that is related to the maximum allowed transmit power minus the first maximum transmit power level.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The selected cell employs time division duplex (TDD) uplink and downlink signal transmission, and wherein one or more other cells in the set of available cells employ frequency division duplex (FDD) uplink and downlink signal transmission.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein: Selecting the cell from the set of available cells is performed in a connected mode or an idle mode.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The at least one operation includes sending a first message to a network to help reduce the occurrence, likelihood, or frequency, respectively, of the future simultaneous first and second signal transmissions that exceed the maximum allowed transmit power in the DSDA mode of operation.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein: The at least one operation also includes receiving, in response to the first message, a second message from the network, the second message providing instructions to reduce a transmission rate associated with future signal transmissions by the first transceiver and / or the second transceiver, respectively.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein the first message identifies one or more time intervals for scheduled future first and second simultaneous signal transmissions, and wherein the at least one operation further comprises receiving a second message from the network in response to the first message to reschedule the first signal transmission and the second signal transmission by the first transceiver and the second transceiver, respectively.

15. The method according to claim 12, wherein: The at least one operation also includes receiving a second message from the network in response to the first message, the second message providing instructions to operate in a single uplink (UL) mode of operation.

16. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The maximum allowed transmit power is related to the power class of the UE.

17. A user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication network, comprising: a first transceiver; a second transceiver; Memory; as well as a processor communicatively coupled to the first transceiver and the second transceiver and the memory, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to: determining that future or past simultaneous first and second signal transmissions by the first transceiver and the second transceiver, respectively, in accordance with a dual-subscribe dual-active (DSDA) mode of operation may exceed or have exceeded a maximum allowed transmit power; as well as Perform at least one operation to respectively reduce the occurrence, likelihood or frequency of the future simultaneous first signal transmission and the second signal transmission exceeding the maximum allowed transmit power in the DSDA operation mode, wherein the at least one operation includes selecting a cell from a set of available cells, wherein the selection of the cell is based on a first maximum transmit power level specified by the cell for the future first signal transmission, the first maximum transmit power level being less than one or more other maximum transmit power levels respectively specified by one or more unselected cells in the set.

18. The UE according to claim 17, wherein: The at least one operation includes: setting a first transmission power level and a second transmission power level respectively for the future simultaneous first signal transmission and second signal transmission performed by the first transceiver and the second transceiver in the DSDA operation mode, wherein the sum of the first transmission power level and the second transmission power level does not exceed the maximum allowed transmission power.

19. The UE according to claim 18, wherein: Since the future first signal transmission has a higher priority than the future second signal transmission, the first transmit power level is higher than the second transmit power level.

20. The UE according to claim 17, wherein: The selected cell employs time division duplex (TDD) uplink and downlink signal transmission, and wherein one or more other cells in the set of available cells employ frequency division duplex (FDD) uplink and downlink signal transmission.

21. The UE according to claim 17, wherein: The at least one operation includes sending a first message to a network to help reduce the occurrence, likelihood, or frequency, respectively, of the future simultaneous first and second signal transmissions that exceed the maximum allowed transmit power in the DSDA mode of operation.

22. The UE according to claim 21, wherein: The at least one operation also includes receiving, in response to the first message, a second message from the network, the second message providing instructions for reducing a transmission rate associated with future signal transmissions by the first transceiver and / or the second transceiver, respectively.

23. The UE according to claim 21, wherein: The first message identifies one or more time intervals for scheduled future first and second simultaneous signal transmissions, and wherein the at least one operation further comprises, in response to the first message, receiving a second message from the network to change the scheduling of future signal transmissions by the first transceiver and the second transceiver, respectively.

24. The UE according to claim 21, wherein: The at least one operation also includes receiving a second message from the network in response to the first message, the second message providing instructions to operate in a single uplink (UL) mode of operation.

25. A user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication network, comprising: means for determining that a future or past simultaneous first signal transmission and a second signal transmission by the first transceiver and the second transceiver, respectively, in accordance with a dual-subscribe dual-active (DSDA) mode of operation may exceed or has exceeded a maximum allowed transmit power; as well as A component for performing at least one operation to respectively reduce the occurrence, likelihood or frequency of the future simultaneous first signal transmission and second signal transmission exceeding the maximum allowed transmit power in the DSDA operating mode, wherein the component for performing at least one operation includes: a component for selecting a cell from a set of available cells, wherein the component for selecting the cell specifies a first maximum transmit power level for the future first signal transmission based on the cell, and the first maximum transmit power level is less than one or more other maximum transmit power levels respectively specified by one or more unselected cells in the set.

26. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a computer program, the computer program comprising code for causing a computer in a user equipment (UE) to: determining that future or past simultaneous first and second signal transmissions by the first and second transceivers, respectively, in accordance with a dual-subscribe dual-active (DSDA) mode of operation may exceed or have exceeded a maximum allowed transmit power; and Perform at least one operation to respectively reduce the occurrence, likelihood or frequency of the future simultaneous first signal transmission and second signal transmission exceeding the maximum allowed transmit power in the DSDA operating mode, wherein the at least one operation includes selecting a cell from a set of available cells, wherein the selection of the cell is based on a first maximum transmit power level specified by the cell for the future first signal transmission, the first maximum transmit power level being less than one or more other maximum transmit power levels respectively specified by one or more unselected cells in the set.

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