Dual-purpose quenching oil

Abstract

The application provides a cold and hot quenching oil. The quenching oil comprises the following components in percentage by mass: base oil 86-90%, rapid cooling agent 6-9.5%, antioxidant 2.5-3.5% and dispersant 1-2.5%; wherein the base oil is composed of 150N mineral oil and paraffin-based 10# white oil in a mass ratio of 1:(1.2-1.7). The quenching oil can not only improve the cooling rate in the high-temperature section, so that the supercooled austenite reaches the martensite transformation temperature zone at a large cooling rate, but also reduce the cooling rate in the low-temperature section, so that the thermal stress and thermal deformation are reduced, and the quenching and hardening capacity is good.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of quenching oil, and particularly relates to a cold and hot quenching oil. BACKGROUND

[0002] Quenching treatment is an important method of heat treatment of metal materials. After a metal material workpiece is heated to an austenitizing temperature, a martensite structure is obtained through fast cooling, so as to improve the mechanical properties of the material. The cooling characteristics of the quenching medium play a key role in the quenching process. The hardening capacity of the quenching medium directly affects the maximum hardness and the depth of the hardening layer that the workpiece can achieve after being treated by the quenching medium.

[0003] In the quenching process, because the temperature of the workpiece itself is high and the temperature of the quenching medium is relatively low (cold oil, 40-70℃), a large temperature difference can be achieved to realize the martensitic transformation of the workpiece structure. However, the large temperature difference will make the cooling speed of the surface layer of the workpiece much greater than that of the core, and the temperature difference between the two will cause a large thermal stress of the workpiece, resulting in a certain degree of deformation of the workpiece. Therefore, in order to reduce the deformation of the workpiece, the quenching oil is often heated to increase the use temperature (hot oil, 120-160℃).

[0004] The graded quenching oil or hot oil is used at high temperature, which can effectively reduce the temperature difference between the surface and the core of the workpiece, thereby significantly reducing the quenching deformation of the workpiece. However, the cooling capacity of the graded oil or hot oil is low, and it can only be used for workpieces with high hardenability or small size. Although the cold oil can ensure the hardenability of workpieces with low hardenability or large size, the thermal stress generated in the quenching process will also cause deformation of the workpiece, and it cannot be applied to workpieces with high precision requirements.

[0005] Based on the test method and results of the IVF tester, SEGERBERG proposed a calculation formula for estimating the hardening capacity of quenching oil HP (Hardening Power): HP = 91.5 + 1.34Tvp + 10.88CR - 3.85Tcp. Among them, Tvp is the upper characteristic temperature, CR is the cooling speed at 550℃, and Tcp is the lower characteristic temperature. For general cold and hot quenching oil, in order to reduce the thermal stress of the workpiece, the cooling speed of the oil is often low, resulting in a low HP value (<1000) and limited hardening capacity, which needs to be improved. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a cold and hot quenching oil. The quenching oil not only increases the cooling speed at high temperature, which can make the supercooled austenite reach the martensite transformation temperature zone at a relatively high cooling speed, but also reduces the cooling speed at low temperature, which can reduce the thermal stress and thermal deformation, and has good hardening and hardenability.

[0007] To achieve this purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present application provides a quenching oil for both hot and cold, the quenching oil comprising the following components by mass percentage:

[0009] Base oil 86-90%, rapid cooling agent 6-9.5%, antioxidant 2.5-3.5%, and dispersant 1-2.5%;

[0010] Wherein, the base oil is composed of 150N mineral oil and paraffin-based 10# white oil in a mass ratio of 1:(1.2-1.5).

[0011] Wherein, the mass percentage of the base oil can be 86%, 86.5%, 87%, 87.5%, 88%, 88.5%, 89%, 89.5%, or 90%, etc.

[0012] The mass percentage of the rapid cooling agent can be 6%, 6.2%, 6.5%, 6.8%, 7%, 7.2%, 7.5%, 7.8%, 8%, 8.2%, 8.5%, 8.8%, 9%, 9.2%, or 9.5%, etc.

[0013] The mass percentage of the antioxidant can be 2.5%, 2.6%, 2.7%, 2.8%, 2.9%, 3%, 3.1%, 3.2%, 3.3%, 3.4%, or 3.5%, etc.

[0014] The mass percentage of the dispersant can be 1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.8%, 2%, 2.2%, 2.3%, or 2.5%, etc.

[0015] The mass ratio of 150N mineral oil and paraffin-based 10# white oil can be 1:1.2, 1:1.22, 1:1.25, 1:1.28, 1:1.3, 1:1.32, 1:1.35, 1:1.38, 1:1.4, 1:1.42, 1:1.45, 1:1.48, or 1:1.5, etc.

[0016] In the present application, the 150N mineral oil is a mineral oil prepared by dewaxing, chemical refining, and secondary hydrogenation of petroleum lubricating oil fractions.

[0017] In the present application, by using 150N mineral oil and paraffin-based 10# white oil in a specific ratio, and combining with other components, the cooling rate of the quenching oil in the high temperature section (400-800℃) is appropriately improved, the supercooled austenite reaches the martensite transformation temperature zone at a relatively large cooling rate, the cooling rate in the low temperature section (below 400℃) is reduced, the thermal stress and thermal deformation are reduced, and the hardening and hardenability of the oil product are improved.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present application, the 40℃ kinematic viscosity of the base oil is 20-30mm2 / s, for example, can be 20 mm 2 / s, 21 mm 2 / s, 22 mm 2 / s, 23 mm 2 / s, 24 mm 2 / s, 25 mm 2 / s, 26 mm 2 / s, 27 mm 2 / s, 28 mm 2 / s, 29 mm 2 / s, or 30 mm 2 / s, etc.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present application, based on the consideration of antioxidation, the saturated hydrocarbon content is preferably ≥ 95%, for example, can be 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 100%, etc.; the viscosity index is ≥ 90, for example, can be 90, 92, 95, 98, 100, 102, 105, 108, 110, 112, 115, 118, or 120, etc.

[0020] In some embodiments of the present application, the quenching agent is selected from one or more of polyisobutylene, petroleum sulfonate, and dialkyl naphthalene. Preferably, it is a combination of polyisobutylene and petroleum sulfonate, or dialkyl naphthalene.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present application, the molecular weight of the polyisobutylene and the dialkyl naphthalene is each independently 800-3000; for example, can be 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1050, 1100, 1200, 1500, 1600, 1800, 2000, 2200, 2300, 2500, 2600, 2800, or 3000, etc.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present application, the antioxidant includes a phenolic antioxidant and an amine antioxidant in a mass ratio of 1:(0.4-1.5) (for example, can be 1:0.4, 1:0.5, 1:0.6, 1:0.7, 1:0.8, 1:0.9, 1:1.0, 1:1.1, 1:1.2, 1:1.3, 1:1.4, or 1:1.5, etc.).

[0023] In some embodiments of the present application, the phenolic antioxidant is selected from one or more of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, high-molecular phenolic ester type antioxidant, and calcium sulfide alkyl phenol.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present application, the amine antioxidant is an alkyl diphenylamine, for example, octyl butyl diphenylamine.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present application, the antioxidant is composed of calcium sulfide alkyl phenol and alkyl diphenylamine with a mass ratio of 1:(0.4-1.5).

[0026] In some embodiments of the present application, the total base number of the calcium sulfide alkyl phenol is 240-285 mg KOH / g, for example, it can be 240 mg KOH / g, 245 mg KOH / g, 250 mg KOH / g, 255 mg KOH / g, 260 mg KOH / g, 265 mg KOH / g, 270 mg KOH / g, 275 mg KOH / g, 280 mg KOH / g or 285 mg KOH / g, etc.

[0027] In some embodiments of the present application, the dispersant is polyisobutylene succinimide.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present application, the molecular weight of polyisobutylene in the polyisobutylene succinimide is ≥1000; for example, it can be 1000, 1200, 1300, 1500, 1600, 1800, 2000, 2200, 2300, 2500, 2600, 2800 or 3000, etc.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present application, the quenching oil comprises the following components with the mass percentage:

[0030] Base oil 86-90%, polyisobutylene 4.5-6.5%, petroleum sulfonate 1.5-2.5%, calcium sulfide alkyl phenol 1-1.5%, alkyl diphenylamine 1.5-2%, polyisobutylene succinimide 1-2.5%;

[0031] Or, base oil 86-90%, dialkyl naphthalene 6-9%, calcium sulfide alkyl phenol 1-1.5%, alkyl diphenylamine 1.5-2%, polyisobutylene succinimide 1-2.5%;

[0032] Wherein, the mass ratio of the calcium sulfide alkyl phenol to the alkyl diphenylamine is 1:(0.4-1.5).

[0033] In the present application, by further optimizing the types and contents of base oil, rapid cooling agent, antioxidant and dispersant, and reasonably collocating them, the hardening and hardening penetration ability of the quenching oil can be further improved, and the quenching oil can be used at a higher temperature (60-130℃) for a long time without producing oxidation products such as lacquer-like substances or oxidation polymers.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] The present application improves the cooling speed of the quenching oil in the high-temperature section by reasonably matching the types and contents of the components of the quenching oil, so that the supercooled austenite reaches the martensite transformation temperature zone at a relatively large cooling speed, while the cooling speed in the low-temperature section is reduced, the thermal stress and thermal deformation are reduced, and the hardening and hardenability of the oil product are improved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical solutions of the present application are further illustrated by the specific embodiments below. Those skilled in the art should understand that the specific embodiments are only used to help understand the present application, and should not be regarded as a specific limitation on the present application.

[0037] In the embodiment of the present application, the sources of some raw materials are as follows:

[0038] 150N mineral oil: Foshan Jinjian Lubricating Oil Co., Ltd., 40℃ kinematic viscosity 32.9mm 2 / s, saturated hydrocarbon content 98%, viscosity index 144;

[0039] 100N mineral oil: Foshan Jinjian Lubricating Oil Co., Ltd., 40℃ kinematic viscosity 23.3mm 2 / s, saturated hydrocarbon content 97%, viscosity index 124;

[0040] Paraffin-based 10# white oil: Foshan Jinjian Lubricating Oil Co., Ltd., 40℃ kinematic viscosity 10.9mm 2 / s, weight average molecular weight 380;

[0041] Polyisobutylene: Guangzhou Risheng Research Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., weight average molecular weight 1300;

[0042] Sodium petroleum sulfonate: Tianjin Yitai Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., weight average molecular weight 400;

[0043] Dialkylnaphthalene: Jinzhou Xinxing Petroleum Additives Co., Ltd., weight average molecular weight 3000;

[0044] Sulfurized alkyl phenol calcium: Guangzhou Risheng Research Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., total base number 250mg KOH / g;

[0045] Polyisobutylene succinimide: Guangzhou Risheng Research Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., weight average molecular weight 2500.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] The present embodiment provides a cold and hot quenching oil, which comprises the following components in mass percentage:

[0048] 150N mineral oil 39%, paraffin base 10# white oil 47%, polyisobutylene 7%, petroleum sulfonic acid sodium 2%, octyl butyl diphenylamine 2%, sulfated alkyl phenol calcium 1.5%, and polyisobutylene succinimide 1.5%.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] This example provides a quenching oil for both cold and hot use, comprising the following components in mass percentage:

[0051] 150N mineral oil 35.8%, paraffin base 10# white oil 53.7%, dialkyl naphthalene 6%, octyl butyl diphenylamine 1.5%, sulfated alkyl phenol calcium 1.5%, and polyisobutylene succinimide 1.5%.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] This example provides a quenching oil for both cold and hot use, comprising the following components in mass percentage:

[0054] 150N mineral oil 33.78%, paraffin base 10# white oil 54.72%, polyisobutylene 5%, petroleum sulfonic acid sodium 2%, octyl butyl diphenylamine 1.5%, sulfated alkyl phenol calcium 1.5%, and polyisobutylene succinimide 1.5%.

[0055] Example 4

[0056] This example provides a quenching oil for both cold and hot use, comprising the following components in mass percentage:

[0057] 150N mineral oil 32.78%, paraffin base 10# white oil 55.72%, polyisobutylene 5%, petroleum sulfonic acid sodium 2%, octyl butyl diphenylamine 1.5%, sulfated alkyl phenol calcium 1.5%, and polyisobutylene succinimide 1.5%.

[0058] Example 5

[0059] This example provides a quenching oil for both cold and hot use, comprising the following components in mass percentage:

[0060] 150N mineral oil 35.2%, paraffin base 10# white oil 52.8%, polyisobutylene 4.5%, petroleum sulfonic acid sodium 2.5%, octyl butyl diphenylamine 1.5%, sulfated alkyl phenol calcium 1%, and polyisobutylene succinimide 2.5%.

[0061] Example 6

[0062] This example provides a quenching oil for both cold and hot use, comprising the following components in mass percentage:

[0063] 150N mineral oil 35.2%, paraffin base 10# white oil 52.8%, polyisobutylene 6.5%, petroleum sulfonic acid sodium 1.5%, octyl butyl diphenylamine 1.5%, sulfated alkyl phenol calcium 1.5%, and polyisobutylene succinimide 1%.

[0064] Comparative Example 1

[0065] This comparative example provides a quenching oil that differs from Example 1 only in that the base oil is 150N mineral oil 86%.

[0066] Comparative Example 2

[0067] This comparative example provides a quenching oil that differs from Example 1 only in that the base oil is paraffin base 10# white oil 86%.

[0068] Comparative Example 3

[0069] This comparative example provides a quenching oil that differs from Example 1 only in that the base oil is 150N mineral oil 43% and paraffin base 10# white oil 43%.

[0070] Comparative Example 4

[0071] This comparative example provides a quenching oil that differs from Example 1 only in that the base oil is 150N mineral oil 29% and paraffin base 10# white oil 57%.

[0072] Comparative Example 5

[0073] This comparative example provides a quenching oil that differs from Example 1 only in that the quenching agent is polyisobutylene (molecular weight 1300) 9%.

[0074] Comparative Example 6

[0075] This comparative example provides a quenching oil that differs from Example 1 only in that the quenching agent is petroleum sulfonic acid sodium (molecular weight 400) 9%.

[0076] Comparative Example 7

[0077] This comparative example provides a quenching oil that differs from Example 1 only in that the antioxidant is sulfated alkyl phenol calcium 3.5%.

[0078] Comparative Example 8

[0079] This comparative example provides a quenching oil that differs from Example 1 only in that the antioxidant is octyl butyl diphenylamine 3.5%.

[0080] Comparative Example 9

[0081] This comparative example provides a quenching oil that differs from Example 1 only in that the antioxidant is 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol 1.5% and octyl butyl diphenylamine 2%.

[0082] Comparative Example 10

[0083] This comparative example provides a quenching oil, which is different from Example 1 only in that the dispersing agent is maleic anhydride.

[0084] Comparative Example 11

[0085] This comparative example provides a quenching oil, which is different from Example 1 only in that the 150N mineral oil is replaced by 100N mineral oil.

[0086] Performance test

[0087] The performance of the quenching oil provided by the above examples and comparative examples is tested, and the test method is as follows:

[0088] Kinematic viscosity: GB / T 265-1988;

[0089] Open flash point: GB / T 265-1988;

[0090] Oxidation stability: SHT 0193-1992;

[0091] Brightness: SH / T 0564-1993;

[0092] Cooling characteristics: tested by IVF cooling characteristics tester, and the test temperature range is 850℃-120℃.

[0093] The results of the above tests are shown in Table 1 below:

[0094] Table 1

[0095]

[0096]

[0097] As can be seen from the test results in Table 1, the quenching oil provided by the examples has a higher maximum cooling rate and HP value, and has good hardening and through hardening capacity.

[0098] Compared with Example 1, Comparative Examples 1-4 use 150N mineral oil or paraffin-based 10# white oil as the base oil alone, or the mass ratio of the two exceeds the range of 1:(1.2-1.7), resulting in a decrease in the maximum cooling rate and the high-temperature cooling rate of the obtained quenching oil, an increase in the low-temperature cooling rate, a decrease in the HP value, and a decrease in the hardening and through hardening performance.

[0099] Compared with Example 1, Comparative Examples 5-6 use polyisobutylene or petroleum sulfonate as the rapid cooling agent alone, resulting in a decrease in the maximum cooling rate and the high-temperature cooling rate of the obtained quenching oil, a decrease in the HP value, and a decrease in the hardening and through hardening performance.

[0100] Compared with Example 1, the quenching oil of Comparative Example 7-8 has lower oxidation resistance, and the maximum cooling rate, the cooling rate in high temperature section, the HP value and the hardenability are also decreased due to the use of only phenolic antioxidant or amine antioxidant. The quenching oil of Comparative Example 9 has lower oxidation resistance than that of Comparative Example 7-8, and the maximum cooling rate, the cooling rate in high temperature section, the HP value and the hardenability are also decreased due to the use of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol instead of calcium sulfide alkyl phenol.

[0101] Compared with Example 1, the quenching oil of Comparative Example 10 has lower HP value and poor hardenability due to the use of no polyisobutylene succinimide dispersant.

[0102] Compared with Example 1, the quenching oil of Comparative Example 11 has lower maximum cooling rate and cooling rate in high temperature section, higher cooling rate in low temperature section, lower HP value and poor hardenability due to the use of 100N mineral oil instead of 150N mineral oil.

[0103] The above description is merely that of the specific embodiments of the present disclosure to enable a person skilled in the art to understand or implement the present disclosure. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure will not be limited to these embodiments described herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A quenching oil suitable for both hot and cold applications, characterized in that, The quenching oil comprises the following components by mass percentage: Base oil 86-90%, quick-cooling agent 6-9.5%, antioxidant 2.5-3.5%, and dispersant 1-2.5%; The base oil is composed of 150N mineral oil and paraffin-based 10# white oil in a mass ratio of 1:(1.2-1.7); The rapid cooling agent is a combination of polyisobutylene and petroleum sulfonate.

2. The quenching oil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The kinematic viscosity of the base oil blend at 40°C is 20-30 mm. 2 / s.

3. The quenching oil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base oil has a saturated hydrocarbon content of ≥95% and a viscosity index of ≥90.

4. The quenching oil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The molecular weight of the polyisobutylene is 800-3000.

5. The quenching oil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antioxidants include phenolic antioxidants and amine antioxidants in a mass ratio of 1:(0.4-1.5).

6. The quenching oil according to claim 5, characterized in that, The phenolic antioxidant is selected from one or more of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, high molecular weight phenolic ester antioxidants, and calcium sulfide alkylphenolate.

7. The quenching oil according to claim 5, characterized in that, The amine antioxidant is alkyl diphenylamine.

8. The quenching oil according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that, The antioxidant is composed of calcium alkylphenolate sulfide and alkyl diphenylamine in a mass ratio of 1:(0.4-1.5).

9. The quenching oil according to claim 6, characterized in that, The total base value of the sulfide alkylphenol calcium is 240-285 mg KOH / g.

10. The quenching oil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dispersant is polyisobutylene succinimide.

11. The quenching oil according to claim 10, characterized in that, The molecular weight of polyisobutylene in the polyisobutylene succinimide is ≥1000.

12. The quenching oil according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, The quenching oil comprises the following components by mass percentage: Base oil 86-90%, polyisobutylene 4.5-7%, petroleum sulfonate 1.5-2.5%, sulfidated alkylphenol calcium 1-1.5%, alkyl diphenylamine 1.5-2%, and polyisobutylene succinimide 1-2.5%; The mass ratio of the sulfide alkylphenol calcium to alkyl diphenylamine is 1:(0.4-1.5).

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