Integrated equipment for the adsorption storage of natural gas and methane and its implementation (implementation method)

Abstract

This invention relates to the natural gas industry, particularly the onshore storage of natural gas, which can be used to store, distribute, and supply natural gas, methane, or associated petroleum gases without considering the complex geological and geographical features of the location. Strategic onshore storage complexes efficiently, energy-savingly, and safely store, distribute, and supply natural gas, methane, and / or associated petroleum gases under adsorption conditions over a wide range of temperatures and pressures. The adsorption storage method for natural gas and methane in a complex for onshore adsorption storage of natural gas includes discharging natural gas from a gas source, its treatment including purification from solid inclusions and foreign mixtures, and treatment of a microporous adsorbent in a high-pressure tank of the onshore gas adsorption storage component. The gas is further purified directly from the gas source by a natural gas processing unit and then fills the storage unit until the gas source pressure is reached, followed by a natural gas compression unit until a storage pressure of 3-10 MPa is reached.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the natural gas industry, particularly the onshore storage of natural gas, which can be used to store, distribute and supply natural gas, methane or associated petroleum gas, without taking into account the geological and geographical features of complex locations. Background Technology

[0002] A method for storing compressed natural gas in underground cavities, which are flushed with water from mineral salts, typically at pressures exceeding 100 kg / cm², is known. 2 (VA Mazurov, Subsurface Storage Facilities in Mineral Salt, Moscow, Nedra, 1982). A volume exceeding 10,000 m³ needs to be washed out at a depth of at least 600 m. 3 The cavity is designed to store 1 million cubic meters of air. 3 Natural gas. The construction of such storage facilities is severely limited by geological / geographical and geophysical conditions, and can only be carried out in salt deposits. In addition, the construction of such storage facilities requires a large amount of expenditure and time.

[0003] Known methods for storing natural gas (NG) in its liquefied state are provided, for example, [GOST R 56352-2015 Oil and Gas Industry. Production, storage and processing of liquefied natural gas]. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is a mixture of light hydrocarbons, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide contained in NG, with methane as the main component, technically liquefied through deep cooling to cryogenic temperatures (approximately -162°C) (thermodynamic conditions under which a gas becomes liquid at near atmospheric pressure). The liquefaction of methane NG is carried out using specialized cryogenic equipment that operates on the principles of throttling, expansion cycles, cascades, cooling, and combined cycles. Due to the technical liquefaction of natural gas, its density increases dramatically, exceeding 500-600 times the density of the gaseous substance under normal conditions. This provides opportunities for the efficient storage and transportation of extremely large quantities of NG.

[0004] Natural gas storage under liquefied conditions typically uses tanks consisting of an inner shell made of 12Cr18Ni10Ti corrosion-resistant steel, insulation material made based on conventional cryogenic technology (powder insulation), and an outer shell made of cast-in-place reinforced concrete (IPUsyukin, Cryoengineering Plants, Machines and Devices, - Moscow: Consumer Goods and Food Industry, 1982, p. 275).

[0005] The disadvantages of this storage method are the high risk of fire and explosion due to stratification or density foliation of liquefied natural gas, which can lead to rollover (a sudden increase in pressure above the LNG surface), and the high gas storage costs associated with the need to cool it to cryogenic temperatures and dehydrate it during storage and heating to make it usable.

[0006] Furthermore, in conjunction with external structures, methods for storing natural gas, such as in natural gas hydrates (Russian Federation Patent No. 2293907, IPC F17C 11 / 00, published February 20, 2007). When natural gas is stored in a storage tank as hydrate, an aqueous solution of a surfactant at a pressure 20-30% higher than the equilibrium pressure is used as the hydrate-forming aqueous medium to form pure methane hydrate at a predetermined temperature.

[0007] Storage is carried out using tanks, typically steel vessels with a rated pressure of 2 MPa. A coil is installed at the bottom of the vessel inside, through which coolant is pumped to heat or cool the contents of the tank.

[0008] This storage method has many drawbacks associated with the low energy efficiency of the storage system, due to the need to continuously maintain the low temperature by pumping coolant during storage, the need for a dedicated, high-efficiency gas drying system before delivering the gas to users, and the low specific capacity of the gas storage.

[0009] The closest similar solution is to use high-pressure gas holders to store natural gas under compressed conditions, for example, [US Karabalin, FA Mamonov, KM Kabyldin, MM Yermekov, Transportation and Storage of Oil, Gas and Oil Products - Lamtu: TST, 2005, p. 509].

[0010] Constant-capacity (high-pressure) gas holders serve as storage tanks in gas supply stations of settlements, metallurgical, or chemical plants. Pressures in these tanks can reach up to 2 MPa. Structurally, high-pressure gas holders are cylindrical or spherical tanks of varying volumes, welded or cast metal. However, increases in the volume of gas stored are typically achieved by using several tanks within a single gas system. Gas storage stations are engineered structures consisting of numerous storage tanks or their cells, designed to meet peak gas demands of settlements or industrial plants. Gas is supplied to the gas holder station from the MDS (Main Distribution Station) via high-pressure transmission trunk lines. The gas in the gas holders is then distributed to a ring-shaped and interconnected medium-pressure network to allow for the retention of the storage station's capacity. Control substations are built at points on the medium-pressure network, through which power is supplied to the low-pressure network.

[0011] The disadvantage of this storage method is the low specific capacity of natural gas storage, which is as high as 20m³. 3 (Gas) / m 3 (Storage system), and the increased risk of fire and explosion when using high-pressure gas storage tanks. Summary of the Invention

[0012] The problem to be solved by the present invention group is represented by developing a simple, robust and effective method for terrestrial adsorption storage of natural gas and methane and integrated equipment for its implementation.

[0013] The technical achievement to be realized by this invention group is to achieve simple, safe and energy-saving terrestrial adsorption storage of natural gas and methane while maintaining the quality and calorific content of natural gas, and to meet the natural gas needs of different users under conditions of rapid and uneven consumption, regardless of the geological and geographical characteristics of the location.

[0014] Another technological achievement is believed to be the reduction of a specific amount of metal in gas storage components, and the opportunity to implement energy-efficient gas filling and extraction procedures based on pressure grading.

[0015] Another technological achievement is that it has improved the feasibility and simplicity of complex manufacturing, greatly shortened the complex manufacturing cycle of adsorption storage, and reduced the cost of natural gas storage.

[0016] The technical result is achieved through the following fact: The integrated equipment for terrestrial adsorption storage of natural gas and methane according to the first embodiment includes a gas processing unit, a gas compression unit, and a gas storage unit with constant pressure arranged sequentially. The gas storage unit includes one or more terrestrial gas adsorption storage components, each of which is a high-pressure vertical cylindrical gas tank. The high-pressure vertical cylindrical gas tank is designed as a set of concentrically arranged cylindrical shells of different diameters, one inside the other, with an annular gap between the cylindrical shells. This annular gap is filled with microporous adsorbent not exceeding 97% of its volume, and the adsorbent accumulates per 1 m³. 3 Adsorbent at least 155nm 3 Natural gas; however, all the shells are of equal thickness, and the gas pressure in the tank increases from the outside to the center.

[0017] The technical result is achieved through the following facts: The integrated equipment for terrestrial adsorption storage of natural gas and methane according to the second embodiment includes a gas processing unit, a gas compression unit, and a gas storage unit with constant pressure arranged sequentially. The gas storage unit includes one or more terrestrial gas adsorption storage components, each of which is a high-pressure tank. The supporting wall of the high-pressure tank is made of cast-in-place reinforced concrete reinforced with prestressed rods, or has a combined design of a series of layers made of metal and cast-in-place reinforced concrete reinforced with prestressed rods. However, the inner surface of the tank is lined with a gas barrier material, and the tank is filled with a microporous adsorbent in an amount not exceeding 97% of its internal volume, and the adsorbent accumulates per 1 m³. 3 Adsorbent at least 155nm 3 Natural gas.

[0018] The technical result is achieved through the following facts: The integrated equipment for terrestrial adsorption storage of natural gas and methane according to the third embodiment includes a gas processing unit, a gas compression unit, and a gas storage unit with constant pressure arranged sequentially. The gas storage unit includes one or more terrestrial gas adsorption storage components, each of which is a high-pressure tank. The high-pressure tank is designed in the form of a vertically arranged large-diameter metal gas pipeline with an operating pressure of at least 3 MPa. However, the upper and lower crowns of the pipeline are sealed with spherical caps, and the lower part of the pipeline is a sealing gasket for fixing the main portion cast into the cast-in-place concrete. The tank is filled with microporous adsorbent in an amount not exceeding 97% of its internal volume, with the adsorbent per 1 m³... 3 The adsorbent accumulates at least 155 nm. 3 Natural gas.

[0019] However, microporous adsorbents can be granulated or compacted in block form.

[0020] The gas processing unit also includes a section for purifying solid inclusions and foreign contaminants, a natural gas stream section for enriching methane, and a C2+ hydrocarbon storage section; the gas storage unit also includes a C2+ capture and storage assembly, the internal volume of which is filled with an adsorbent with an ethane / methane separation coefficient of at least 2 and installed in front of the land gas adsorption and storage assembly; a compensation tank for releasing pressure exceeding the working pressure of the high-pressure tank; and a regeneration section of the land gas absorption and storage assembly connected to the high-pressure tank and the C2+ hydrocarbon capture and storage assembly.

[0021] The adsorbent in C2+ hydrocarbon capture and storage components can be granulated or compacted in block form.

[0022] The terrestrial gas adsorption and storage components are installed in a way that allows each component to be individually disconnected from the gas source.

[0023] The aforementioned technical result is achieved due to the fact that methods for terrestrial adsorption storage of natural gas and methane include discharging natural gas from a gas source and processing it in a high-pressure tank of a terrestrial gas adsorption storage component in a gas storage unit per 1 m³. 3 Adsorbent accumulation at least 155 nm 3 The microporous adsorbent for natural gas is further used to fill the storage unit with gas directly from the gas source until a storage pressure of 3-10 MPa is reached; or natural gas is discharged from the gas source and processed in a natural gas processing unit, including purification from solid inclusions and foreign admixtures, and processing per 1 m³ in the high-pressure tank of the land gas adsorption storage component of the storage unit. 3 Adsorbent accumulation at least 155 nm 3 The natural gas microporous adsorbent is further filled with purified gas into the gas storage unit until a gas storage pressure or gas source pressure of 3-10 MPa is reached, and then it passes through the natural gas compression unit until a gas storage pressure of 3-10 MPa is reached.

[0024] In addition, natural gas processing includes separating natural gas into methane-rich gas and C2+ hydrocarbon concentrates using cryogenic, adsorption, or membrane methods, or combinations thereof. Processing of microporous adsorbents compacted in granular or block form in a high-pressure tank is carried out by purging with heated nitrogen at an overpressure of up to 0.05 MPa, followed by evacuation until a pressure not exceeding 10... -4The gas is further purged at a low density of MPa using purified and methane-rich natural gas at an overpressure of 0.05-0.15 MPa. In the storage unit, the purified gas is fed into a C2+ hydrocarbon capture and storage assembly whose internal volume is filled with adsorbent having an ethane / methane separation coefficient of at least 2. The methane-rich gas is then transported to a land-based gas adsorption and storage assembly for storage. The purified gas is fed into a C2+ hydrocarbon capture and storage assembly whose internal volume is filled with granular or compacted adsorbent. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The nature of this invention group is explained through a detailed description of specific exemplary embodiments and accompanying drawings; however, the drawings do not limit the invention group.

[0026] Figure 1 This shows a general map of terrestrial adsorption storage for natural gas and methane;

[0027] Figure 2 - A schematic diagram of an integrated facility for terrestrial adsorption storage of natural gas and methane;

[0028] Figure 3 - A concentric adsorption pressure vessel having an equal shell wall thickness to the land adsorption storage complex for natural gas and methane according to the first embodiment, wherein: a is a front view of the component, b is a screenshot (AA), and c is a top view (C).

[0029] Figure 4 -A storage tank for a land-based adsorption storage assembly for natural gas and methane according to a second embodiment, wherein the land-based adsorption storage assembly has a combined wall made of cast-in-place reinforced concrete and metal plates for land-based adsorption storage of natural gas and methane, wherein: a is a front view of the assembly and b is a top view.

[0030] Figure 5 -A design of combined walls made of cast-in-place reinforced concrete and metal plates for natural gas and methane adsorption storage components;

[0031] Figure 6 - Front view of a natural gas adsorption storage assembly made of a large-diameter (1420 mm) main gas pipe;

[0032] Figure 7 -A comprehensive facility for terrestrial adsorption storage of natural gas and methane according to the third embodiment Figure 6 View (A) in the middle.

[0033] The integrated facility for terrestrial adsorption storage of natural gas and methane (implementation method) includes:

[0034] A – Natural gas processing unit;

[0035] B – Natural gas compression unit;

[0036] C – Gas storage unit.

[0037] 1 – Natural gas source;

[0038] 2 – Solid inclusion purification section;

[0039] 3 – Purification of foreign admixtures;

[0040] 4 – Compressor equipment;

[0041] 5 – Gas (natural gas, methane) terrestrial adsorption storage assembly (or multiple assemblies), connected to section 2, for purification from solid inclusions and natural gas source 1;

[0042] 6 – The portion of the natural gas stream enriched with methane;

[0043] 7–C2+ hydrocarbon storage section;

[0044] 8 – Regeneration section of the high-pressure tank for terrestrial gas adsorption storage components (or multiple components);

[0045] 9 – An additional storage tank connected to the natural gas source 1 and the land gas adsorption storage assembly (or multiple assemblies) 5;

[0046] A 10–C2+ hydrocarbon capture and storage assembly is connected to the regeneration section 8 of the high-pressure tank of a terrestrial gas adsorption and storage assembly (or multiple assemblies) 5.

[0047] 11 – Compressor equipment;

[0048] 12 – Natural gas users rich in methane.

[0049] 13 – External steel shell;

[0050] 14 – Internal steel shell;

[0051] 15 – Gas supply pipeline;

[0052] 16 – Adsorbent material filler;

[0053] 17 – Cast-in-place reinforced concrete storage tank;

[0054] 18 – Internal steel shell;

[0055] 19 – Adsorbent material filler;

[0056] 20 – Protection board;

[0057] 21 – Lid;

[0058] 22 – Gas supply pipeline;

[0059] 23 – Reinforced concrete wall;

[0060] 24 – Internal steel shell;

[0061] 25 – Metal protection;

[0062] 26 – Adsorbent;

[0063] 27 – Vertical adsorption column;

[0064] 28 – Component load-bearing wall;

[0065] 29 – Component base board;

[0066] 30 – Gas supply pipeline;

[0067] 31 – Cranes used for maintaining adsorption tubing. Detailed Implementation

[0068] Typically, the natural gas storage method provided is represented by adsorption gas storage. Using natural gas adsorption storage methods can improve the energy efficiency and safety of natural gas storage.

[0069] Compared to tanks without adsorbents, using adsorbents in high-pressure tanks can reduce the filling pressure of the same volume of natural gas by more than half. Furthermore, the relative efficiency of adsorption accumulation (the ratio of the amount of gas stored in a storage system with and without adsorbents) increases as the pressure decreases, allowing for energy-efficient compression of natural gas by reducing electricity costs and using simpler compression equipment with lower maintenance costs. Additionally, natural gas storage units can be filled directly using uncompressible methods or with minimal compression through the main gas pipeline.

[0070] Furthermore, it is known that the adsorbate (in this case, natural gas) in the microporous adsorbent remains in a nano-dispersion state within the adsorption force field. This prevents sudden gas release under pressure in the tank, thus preventing the possibility of achieving gas explosion conditions and making the disclosed method safer.

[0071] Another advantage of this natural gas storage method compared to storage in facilities such as underground gas or gas hydrate storage facilities is that it preserves the gas quality and calorie content, which is important for compensating for irregularities in the supply of exported gas or for using the gas as fuel for gas engines.

[0072] Integrated facilities for onshore natural gas storage based on the provided methods (hereinafter referred to as integrated facilities) can be very diverse, and the possibility of modularizing storage scale or the amount of gas stored allows such integrated facilities to be located near plant areas (for industrial gas fuel supply) and villages, settlements, rural communities, cities, and other residential areas to meet their natural gas needs, taking into account their development dynamics. Integrated facilities may be located in climate zones with an average annual temperature of -40 to +30°C. It should be noted that even at lower temperatures, the amount of natural gas stored in adsorption form increases until methane liquefaction occurs; therefore, the integrated facilities requiring protection can operate at temperatures below -40°C, provided that the overall functionality of all units is guaranteed.

[0073] Typically, the operating principle of the integrated equipment implementing this method is as follows: Gas from gas source 1 is fed into natural gas processing unit A, where it is treated in section 2 for purifying solid inclusions and section 3 for purifying foreign admixtures, such as moisture, sulfur oxides, and carbon dioxide. After purification, the gas is conveyed to compression unit B and then to gas storage unit C. When filling using the main gas pipeline under high pressure, the adsorption storage component 5 is filled directly without the compressor device 4 of compression unit B. If the operating pressure of gas source 1 is lower than the operating pressure of adsorption storage component 5, the adsorption storage component 5 is filled to the operating pressure of gas source 1 without the compressor device 4, and then filled again. If the composition of the natural gas from gas source 1 meets the gas composition requirements specified in the operating conditions of the integrated equipment, the adsorption storage component 5 can be directly filled through the natural gas processing unit. Gas is supplied back to natural gas source 1 directly from the adsorption storage component 5 through the solid inclusion purification filter in section 2 of natural gas processing unit A, or, if necessary, through the compressor device 4 of natural gas compression unit B.

[0074] The adsorption storage component 5 of gas storage unit C consists of one or more high-pressure tanks integrated into the gas network, each of which can be individually disconnected from the gas network. This improves storage feasibility because in the event of an accident, repair, or routine maintenance of a high-pressure tank, it is not necessary to shut down the entire storage facility; disconnecting a single tank is sufficient. Furthermore, this approach may prove more universal and economically viable for natural gas users. The storage capacity can be precisely configured according to the requirements and intended use of the integrated facility and can be increased or decreased without hindrance. Moreover, the storage can be commissioned incrementally according to the progress of construction work (component by component). Obviously, the number of components can vary considerably, with the upper limit likely determined solely by territorial and economic reasons. Notably, the modular principle allows for the standardization and typicalization of storage facilities, at least within the framework of a single integrated facility, which significantly reduces the costs of developing new design solutions and implementing construction and installation work.

[0075] Each high-pressure tank 5 is constructed as a sealed container capable of withstanding elevated pressures, particularly 3 to 10 MPa. This operating pressure range corresponds to the pressure values ​​within the storage system at which the most efficient operation of the adsorption system can be observed. Within this pressure range, the greatest difference between the adsorbed natural gas and compressed gas densities is observed.

[0076] The high-pressure tank 5 is equipped with a microporous adsorbent for natural gas storage, preferably its main component—methane. The microporous adsorbent used in the high-pressure tank (represented by microporous carbon adsorbents, activated carbon, metal-organic framework structures, sol-gels, metal-organic gels, composite microporous materials, or mixtures thereof) should be able to deliver at least 155 nm to the user. 3 (Natural gas) / m 3 (Adsorbent). The adsorbent should be in various forms, such as granules, grains, or blocks, like flakes, cylinders, hexagonal prisms, rectangular blocks, square blocks, rings, etc., to reduce dust and adsorbent emissions from the high-pressure tank into the gas network. However, the high-pressure tank should be filled with adsorbent no more than 97% of its internal volume. This is necessary because adsorption and thermal deformation of the adsorbent occur during the adsorption process, which are related to heating. The vast majority of adsorbents undergo expansion and deformation no greater than C5+ (the main component of natural gas) during methane and n-hydrocarbon adsorption, with a linear measurement not exceeding 1%, or no more than 3% by volume. Therefore, space should be provided within the tank for adsorbent expansion to reduce mechanical damage to the tank due to additional uncompensated loads on the tank walls and the potential for adsorbent degradation due to increased dust emissions into the integrated equipment's gas delivery network.

[0077] Under certain conditions, natural gas is enriched with methane to improve its storage efficiency. When methane-enriched natural gas accumulates in the adsorbent, the accumulation of heavy hydrocarbons will be significantly reduced, thus decreasing the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent. This increases the number of operating cycles (adsorption / desorption) of the tank in the natural gas adsorption storage assembly due to the increased intervals between adsorbent regenerations within the tank.

[0078] In an embodiment of this method, in addition to the method described above, a methane enrichment section 6 is added to the natural gas processing unit A, where cryogenic, adsorption, or membrane methods, or combinations thereof, are used to capture C2+ hydrocarbons and transport them to the C2+ hydrocarbon storage section 7. Figure 2 The extracted C2+ gas and C2+ hydrocarbons, concentrated in a single container, are stored in section 7 and then transported to the user for processing or returned to the gas source. If necessary, the input and output gas streams of section 6 should be periodically analyzed to verify gas quality and, accordingly, check whether the operation of this section meets the set requirements.

[0079] The high feasibility and maintainability of adsorption storage, among other things, depend on the possibility of restoring the initial adsorption properties of the microporous adsorbent within the high-pressure tank of the gas adsorption storage assembly without unloading and replacement. Figure 2 .

[0080] Initial preparation of the natural gas adsorption storage assembly (or multiple assemblies) is carried out in storage unit C of regeneration section 8, including periodic regeneration during use. The system of the regeneration section is connected to the operating assembly tank to restore the adsorption performance of the adsorbent: the tank is purged with heated nitrogen at an overpressure of up to 0.05 MPa. To improve adsorbent handling, the high-pressure tank may be additionally evacuated, to an overvacuum of no more than 1 mbar. Subsequently, the high-pressure tank is purged with purified methane-rich natural gas at an overpressure of 0.05–0.15 MPa.

[0081] The purging pressure of the processing tank using natural gas is selected based on data from the commissioning cycle of the gas adsorption storage assembly's storage tank and the expected temperature changes over a period of time between the completion of tank processing and its commissioning. The primary criterion is maintaining overpressure within the storage tank under conditions of decreasing temperature, such as at night or during seasonal changes.

[0082] In addition, the gas adsorption storage assembly has a tank 9 at an additional pressure lower than that in the high-pressure tank 5; Figure 2 .

[0083] Tank 9 is designed to release pressure exceeding the operating pressure from the high-pressure tank 5 of the gas adsorption storage assembly 5. The operating pressure of tank 9 can be less than or equal to the operating pressure of the high-pressure tank, and both can be equipped with or without the ability to provide 155 nm gas to the user. 3 (Natural gas) / m3 (Adsorbent) The output is a microporous adsorbent. When using a natural gas compression unit, the natural gas supply from auxiliary tank 9 can be provided to the auxiliary equipment and gas source (user) of the integrated equipment.

[0084] When using a dual-component storage system, the operational efficiency of the gas adsorption storage unit (or multiple units) can be improved by filling the high-pressure tank with methane-rich natural gas. The first unit 10 is equipped with an adsorbent (e.g., of the type represented by microporous carbon adsorbents, activated carbon, metal-organic framework structures, sol-gels, metal-organic gels, composite microporous materials, or mixtures thereof) compacted in particulate or block form for C2+ hydrocarbon aggregation. The second unit 5 is equipped with a microporous adsorbent compacted in particulate or block form, capable of delivering at least 155 nm³ (natural gas) / m³ (adsorbent) to the user. The second unit has a larger total gas storage capacity than the first unit. The methane content in the natural gas injected into the storage facility should be used as a criterion for evaluating the ratio between the two units.

[0085] In this design ( Figure 2 The gas storage operation in this configuration means that the natural gas passing through the first gas storage assembly 10 is separated, and the natural gas components higher than C2+ are completely or partially captured and concentrated in the adsorbent in the high-pressure tank of the first natural gas adsorption storage assembly. The methane-rich gas is then transported to the second gas storage assembly 5 for storage. Furthermore, C2+ hydrocarbons can be extracted into separate containers for concentration and transferred for processing or to users. Alternatively, in the case of venting gas from the storage facility, the methane-rich natural gas from the second assembly 5 is desorbed from the assembly 1 via reflux, and the C2+ hydrocarbons concentrated during filling and the natural gas having a composition similar to the initial composition are fed into the gas source 1.

[0086] For example, in certain cases, it is necessary to fill and operate motor vehicles using natural gas motor fuel (methane) or mobile adsorption terminals to supply gas to gas sources far from main natural gas pipelines. This may also become necessary during the filling of natural gas adsorption storage components. Therefore, when the natural gas processing and compression unit cannot be used for this purpose, the storage unit is equipped with a compressor unit 11 to fill user 12 ( Figure 2 ).

[0087] To achieve the required method for natural gas storage, a complete process system needs to be established, with the central component being a land gas adsorption storage module (or multiple modules).

[0088] The main and most important structure of the integrated facility is the high-pressure tank, which is equipped with the adsorbent for the natural gas adsorption storage module. The characteristics of the natural gas adsorption storage module should ensure high storage capacity and gas dynamics during natural gas discharge and filling. Furthermore, the tank should be robust, safe, and maintainable. Onshore natural gas storage integrated facilities are associated with system categories with high upper limits of operating pressure, which can vary over a wide range, particularly from 3 to 10 MPa. In the complex design process, the thermodynamic characteristics of the adsorption and desorption processes should also be considered, which helps in managing storage temperature variations during gas filling and extraction within a range of -40 to +60°C.

[0089] To achieve the required natural gas storage method, an integrated apparatus for onshore natural gas storage is provided. This integrated apparatus includes a natural gas processing unit, a compression unit, and a storage unit. The natural gas storage unit includes a high-pressure tank of a gas adsorption storage component, designed as follows: a set of concentrically arranged cylindrical shells 13, 14 with different diameters, one housed inside the other, with an annular gap between the cylindrical shells 13, 14. The annular gap is filled with a microporous adsorbent 16, the amount of which does not exceed 97% of the volume of the annular gap, and the adsorbent is distributed per 1 m³. 3 (Adsorbent) outputs at least 155nm to the user 3 (Natural gas); however, all the shells are of equal thickness, and the gas pressure in the tank increases from the outside to the center.

[0090] The aspect of the design to be protected is that it comprises a set of concentrically arranged cylindrical shells with an annular gap between the cylindrical shells, the annular gap serving as a container for filling gas through a gas supply pipe 15. Figure 3 This implementation of the high-pressure tank allows for the manufacture of structures with all shell thicknesses equal, but varying overpressure values ​​within the vessel, formed by radial gaps between the shells that increase in value from the periphery to the center. In this implementation, the shell walls act as a membrane to withstand pressure from both the internal and external sources, and the internal pressure p... i Higher than external pressure p o And the pressure P generated res equals p i -p o The difference. Therefore, this solution allows for optimization of the wall thickness to a smaller value and further reduction of a specific amount of metal. To improve the spatial stiffness of the structure, radial stiffening plates are feasible; Figure 3 b.

[0091] The filling of this high-pressure tank is carried out as follows: First, the high-pressure tank is completely filled until the operating pressure of the outer concentric container is reached. Then, gas feeding into the outer concentric pressure container is stopped, and gas is fed into the remaining containers until the operating pressure of the next concentric container after the previous one is reached. This process is repeated until the central container is filled to its maximum operating pressure. Gas is discharged in reverse order, starting from the output of the central container, with the remaining concentric containers gradually joining from the center to the edge, each with an appropriate natural gas output pressure value.

[0092] As an example of the structure to be protected, calculation results of the main characteristics of a concentric pressure vessel with a shell of equal thickness s=100mm are provided, the inner diameter of the shell D varies from 5m to 25m, and the pitch is 5m; Figure 3 See Table 1. In this example, the pressure inside the tank increased from 1 to 12 MPa.

[0093] Table 1 - Main characteristics of concentric pressure vessels, whose shells have equal thickness s=100 mm, shell inner diameter D varies from 5 meters to 25 meters, and pitch is 5 meters.

[0094]

[0095] Field 1 provides the number of shells "from the periphery to the center", Field 2 provides the diameter, and Field 3 provides the permissible internal overpressure p acting on each shell. allow Field 4 provides information for each shell P i The assumed value of internal overpressure. Using internal overpressure P. i The results of verifying the loadability condition are given in field 5. Inequality p should be solved. allow .≥ P i -P i-1 Fields 6 and 7 contain the calculated bottom area of ​​the gap between the shells and specific values ​​for the cumulative capacity of the adsorption layer used to specify the pressure level.

[0096] The total "free" area at the bottom of the gap between the shells is 475 m². 2 It is 15 m² smaller than the bottom area of ​​a single tank with a diameter of 25 m. 2 Importantly, the thickness of the concentric tank shell is 100 mm, while the wall thickness of a single tank, D = 25 m (at 3 MPa), should be 207 mm. The geometric volume W of such a storage container with a height of 20 m is 9501 m³. 3 And the available storage capacity V of the gas CH4 Corresponding to the assumed V spec -1.1 million m 3 .

[0097] The claimed solution features a shell loaded from both sides, allowing for optimized wall thickness. Different operating pressure values ​​between the shells enable phased filling of the terrestrial gas adsorption storage assembly. Therefore, the claimed solution provides pressure grading and further extraction of natural gas and methane for energy-efficient filling.

[0098] Another embodiment of the claimed invention is an integrated facility for strategic onshore storage of natural gas, comprising a natural gas injection section, purification from solid inclusions, purification from foreign admixtures, compression, storage in a sealed container in an adsorbed form for a predetermined time at a constant pressure for injecting gas into the storage tank, and further discharge of natural gas; however, the natural gas adsorption storage assembly is designed as a pressure vessel 17, the supporting walls of which are made of cast-in-place reinforced concrete reinforced with prestressed rods, or a combination design having a series of layers made of metal and cast-in-place reinforced concrete reinforced with prestressed rods; furthermore, the inner surface of the structure is lined with a gas-barrier material, and the tank is filled with an effective adsorbent to accumulate natural gas not exceeding 97% of its internal volume.

[0099] Reinforced concrete components can be manufactured in reinforced concrete plants and on-site. This allows for the avoidance of problems associated with the transportation of large-volume components and items specific to metal tanks used for gas storage.

[0100] Compared to unstressed reinforced concrete, using prestressed reinforced concrete can significantly reduce bending and provide improved crack resistance while maintaining the same strength. During the reinforced concrete manufacturing process, reinforcing bars made of high-tensile-strength steel bars are laid, then tensioned using special devices, and the concrete mixture is poured. After curing, the prestress from the released steel wires or ropes is transferred to the surrounding concrete, thus compressing it. This generation of compressive stress allows for partial or complete elimination of tensile stress caused by operating loads.

[0101] To ensure the airtightness of reinforced concrete adsorbed natural gas storage components, it is feasible to line the inner surface with gas barrier materials (such as metal plates) and perform further ultrasonic inspections on welded joints, or a special gas barrier membrane can be installed. When both layers (reinforced concrete and metal) are under load, using both reinforced concrete and thick metal plates in the tank wall transforms the structure into a composite structure.

[0102] A natural gas adsorption storage assembly is provided as an example. Its tank is a reinforced concrete structure with an internal metal lining made of sheet metal, and has a standard volume of 9420 m³. 3 (The storage tank is approximately 30 m high and 23 m in diameter), and it operates under pressures up to 4 MPa. Figure 4The reinforced concrete wall of the storage tank is 1 m thick. In a plane perpendicular to the rod at a circular position, the tank wall is spaced 1.5 m apart. 2 The component wall section includes 105 reinforcing bars. Figure 5 An example of a combined wall structure made of cast-in-place reinforced concrete and metal plates for a natural gas adsorption storage component is given. The storage tank 17 consists of an inner steel shell 18, a protective plate 20, a cover 21, and is filled with adsorbent materials 19 and 26.

[0103] The can is filled with an effective adsorbent, which does not exceed 97% of the can's internal volume. Under the can's operating pressure, this adsorbent can accumulate at least 150 nm. 3 / m 3 The storage tank has a capacity to store 1.41 million cubic meters of natural gas. 3 .

[0104] Figure 5 The structure of the component assembly wall 23 is shown, including an inner steel shell 24, a cast-in-place wall with prestressed reinforcing rods, and a metal protective sleeve 25. The structural thickness of the component wall, designed for 3.5 MPa, will exceed 1 meter.

[0105] The small size of the tanks and the combined walls made of cast-in-place reinforced concrete and metal plates allow for the manufacture of compact modules for natural gas adsorption storage. Therefore, an area of ​​2-3 hectares can accommodate a strategic integrated facility for onshore natural gas storage, with adsorption gas storage modules comprising 9 to 12 tanks, storing a total gas volume of 12 to 16.5 ml / nm. 3 natural gas.

[0106] Choosing this structure allows for optimization of the number of gas supply utility pipelines, significantly reduces storage costs, and improves reliability.

[0107] More specifically, the following stages and sequence of construction and installation works for a land-based adsorption storage module made of reinforced concrete and featuring composite walls can be determined: zoning; excavation of foundation pits for arranging the natural gas adsorption storage module; pile yard construction (if necessary); construction of the first layer of monolithic grid (foundation slab); head installation, protruding the steel frame for casting the cast-in-place walls; installation of the second layer of monolithic grid; installation of the central steel shell; installation of the cover; pit backfilling; installation of gas supply pipelines; installation of the work platform, utilities, building exterior features, etc.

[0108] Another embodiment of the claimed invention is a comprehensive device for onshore storage of natural gas and methane, comprising a gas processing unit, a gas compression unit, and a gas storage unit with constant pressure arranged sequentially. The gas storage unit includes one or more onshore gas adsorption storage components, each of which is a high-pressure tank. The high-pressure tank is designed as a vertically arranged, large-diameter metal gas pipeline with an operating pressure of at least 3 MPa. However, the upper and lower crowns of the pipeline are sealed with spherical caps, and the lower part of the pipeline is a sealed gasket for fixing the main portion cast into the cast-in-place concrete. The tank is filled with a microporous adsorbent, the filling amount of which does not exceed 97% of the tank's internal volume. The adsorbent is distributed per 1 m³... 3 The adsorbent accumulates at least 155 nm. 3 natural gas.

[0109] This provides improvements in the feasibility, maintainability, and simplicity of complex manufacturing. The manufacturing time of natural gas adsorption storage components is greatly reduced due to the use of industrially produced components derived from standardized projects in tank design, which have developed detailed process and regulatory documentation, as well as extensive operational experience.

[0110] For example, according to GOST R 52079-2003, a variant of the pipeline gas storage system provides a gas adsorption storage assembly made of a tank, which represents a vertically arranged main gas pipeline with a diameter of 1420 mm and a design pressure of 9.8 MPa. Figure 6 The pipe, approximately 31 meters high, is vertically installed on a reinforced concrete base (grid). The upper and lower crowns of the pipe are sealed with spherical caps. The lower part of the pipe is a sealed gasket used to secure the main portion, cast in the cast-in-place concrete, to the integral grid of the foundation.

[0111] For ease of construction and maintenance, the natural gas adsorption storage module can be divided into two levels: upper and lower. Figure 6-7 At a lower level, the gas supply piping system and other systems providing specialized operating platforms are inspected. The upper level is a cast-in-place reinforced concrete floor, with some of the load transferred to the piping itself. A rail-mounted gantry crane 31 and a high operating platform are installed on the second level for servicing components.

[0112] Before installation, the pipeline may already be filled with an adsorbent for effectively storing natural gas. However, after the pipeline is vertically positioned using a crane, the adsorbent can also be placed in a mold within specialized bricks.

[0113] The vertically placed high-pressure tanks are arranged in a row to ensure the set volume of the natural gas adsorption storage assembly is achieved. The optimality of this scheme is guaranteed by the structure of standardized industrial production projects with detailed process and regulatory documentation and extensive operational experience. Furthermore, the storage capacity can always be fine-tuned by introducing or removing new tanks. Figure 6-7 .

[0114] Figure 6-7 A schematic diagram of an integrated facility for onshore adsorption storage of natural gas is shown. The facility includes a vertical adsorption column 27, a support wall 28 for the gas adsorption storage assembly, a base plate 29, gas supply piping 30, and a crane 31 for maintaining the adsorption column. The piping (1420 mm main gas piping) of the gas adsorption storage assembly is arranged in parallel rows, with each row containing 51 units.

[0115] This solution also offers numerous advantages for developing transportation and logistics strategies to deliver goods and materials to construction sites. Currently, transportation process flowcharts and equipment have been developed for delivering the main types of items (pipelines) produced from the tanks used to deliver natural gas adsorption storage components.

[0116] The invention group provides improvements in natural gas storage safety and maintains the quality and calorific value by ensuring the simplicity of implementation using integrated equipment components and modular design, increasing energy efficiency during gas filling due to reduced filling pressure, preventing gas and environmental contamination by storing gas in pressurized tanks, and filling with special nanoporous adsorbents that ensure nano-dispersion of natural gas in micropores (each pore containing 20-30 molecules). This prevents sudden gas release under pressure conditions in the container, as the gas diffuses in micropores with enhanced endothermic capacity, thus promoting the suppression of explosive reactions. They also provide an endothermic effect during gas release, which leads to material "cooling" in both gas release and suppression. The invention group ensures the possibility of energy-efficient filling and extraction of gas through ultra-high pressure grading, reduces the amount of specific metals in storage components, and improves the feasibility and simplicity of integrated equipment manufacturing, substantially reducing the manufacturing time of gas adsorption storage components, and lowering natural gas storage costs due to cost improvements in gas adsorption storage components and the use of modular structures based on application-type industrial solutions.

Claims

1. A comprehensive device for terrestrial adsorption storage of natural gas and methane, comprising a gas processing unit, a gas compression unit, and a gas storage unit with constant pressure arranged sequentially, wherein the gas storage unit includes one or more terrestrial gas adsorption storage components, each terrestrial gas adsorption storage component being a high-pressure vertical cylindrical gas storage tank, the high-pressure vertical cylindrical gas storage tank being designed as a set of concentrically arranged cylindrical shells of different diameters, one inside the other, with an annular gap between the cylindrical shells, the annular gap being filled with microporous adsorbent not exceeding 97% of its volume, the adsorbent accumulating per 1m³ 3 The adsorbent adsorbs at least 155 nm. 3 The gas is natural gas; however, all the shells are of equal thickness, and the gas pressure in the storage tank increases from the periphery to the center. in, The gas storage unit also includes a C2+ capture and storage component, the internal volume of which is filled with an adsorbent with an ethane / methane separation coefficient of at least 2, and is installed in front of the terrestrial gas adsorption and storage component.

2. A comprehensive device for terrestrial adsorption storage of natural gas and methane, comprising a gas processing unit, a gas compression unit, and a gas storage unit with constant pressure arranged sequentially, wherein the gas storage unit includes one or more terrestrial gas adsorption storage components, each of which is a high-pressure tank. The supporting wall of the high-pressure tank is made of cast-in-place reinforced concrete reinforced with prestressed rods, or has a combined design of a series of layers made of metal and cast-in-place reinforced concrete reinforced with prestressed rods; however, the inner surface of the high-pressure tank is lined with a gas barrier material, and the high-pressure tank is filled with a microporous adsorbent in an amount not exceeding 97% of its internal volume, and the adsorbent accumulates per 1 m³ 3 The adsorbent adsorbs at least 155 nm. 3 natural gas, in, The gas storage unit also includes a C2+ capture and storage component, the internal volume of which is filled with an adsorbent with an ethane / methane separation coefficient of at least 2, and is installed in front of the terrestrial gas adsorption and storage component.

3. A comprehensive device for onshore storage of natural gas and methane, comprising a gas processing unit, a gas compression unit, and a gas storage unit with constant pressure arranged sequentially. The gas storage unit includes one or more onshore gas adsorption and storage components, each being a high-pressure tank designed as a vertically arranged, large-diameter metal gas pipeline with an operating pressure of at least 3 MPa. However, the upper and lower crowns of the pipeline are sealed with spherical caps, and the lower part of the pipeline is a sealed gasket for fixing the main portion cast into the cast-in-place concrete. The tank is filled with a microporous adsorbent in an amount not exceeding 97% of its internal volume, the adsorbent accumulating per 1 m³. 3 The adsorbent adsorbs at least 155 nm. 3 natural gas, in, The gas storage unit also includes a C2+ capture and storage component, the internal volume of which is filled with an adsorbent with an ethane / methane separation coefficient of at least 2, and is installed in front of the terrestrial gas adsorption and storage component.

4. The integrated equipment according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The microporous adsorbent can be granulated or compacted in block form.

5. The integrated equipment according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The gas processing unit includes a section for purifying solid inclusions and foreign contaminants, a natural gas stream section for enriching methane, and a C2+ hydrocarbon storage section; a compensation tank for releasing pressure exceeding the operating pressure of the high-pressure tank; and a regeneration section of the land gas absorption and storage assembly connected to the high-pressure tank and the C2+ hydrocarbon capture and storage assembly.

6. The integrated equipment according to claim 5, wherein, The C2+ hydrocarbon capture and storage components are granulated or compacted in block form.

7. The integrated equipment according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The terrestrial gas adsorption and storage components are installed in such a way that each of them can be individually disconnected from the gas source.

8. A method for terrestrial adsorption storage of natural gas and methane using the integrated equipment according to any one of claims 1-7, the method comprising discharging natural gas from a gas source and processing it in a high-pressure tank of the terrestrial gas adsorption storage component of the gas storage unit at a rate of 1 m³ / s. 3 Adsorbent accumulation at least 155 nm 3 The microporous adsorbent for natural gas is further used to fill the storage unit with gas directly from the gas source until a storage pressure of 3-10 MPa is reached; or natural gas is discharged from the gas source and processed in a natural gas processing unit, which includes purification from solid inclusions and foreign admixtures, and processing per 1 m³ in a high-pressure tank of the land gas adsorption storage component of the storage unit. 3 Adsorbent accumulation at least 155 nm 3 The natural gas microporous adsorbent is further filled with purified gas into the gas storage unit until a gas storage pressure of 3-10 MPa is reached; or the natural gas is processed in the natural gas processing unit to reach the gas source pressure, and then passes through the natural gas compression unit until a gas storage pressure of 3-10 MPa is reached.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, Natural gas processing includes separating natural gas into methane-rich natural gas and C2+ hydrocarbon concentrates using cryogenic, adsorption, or membrane methods, or combinations thereof.

10. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The treatment of microporous adsorbents compacted in granular or block form in a high-pressure vessel is carried out by purging with heated nitrogen at an overpressure of up to 0.05 MPa, followed by evacuation until a pressure of no more than 10 MPa is reached. -4 The rarefaction level was reduced to MPa, and the mixture was further purged with purified and methane-rich natural gas at an overpressure of 0.05–0.15 MPa.

11. The method according to claim 8, wherein, In the gas storage unit, purified gas is fed into a C2+ hydrocarbon capture and storage component whose internal volume is filled with an adsorbent with an ethane / methane separation coefficient of at least 2, and then the methane-rich gas is transported to a terrestrial gas adsorption and storage component for storage.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein, The purified gas is fed into a C2+ hydrocarbon capture and storage assembly, the internal volume of which is filled with granular or block-shaped compacted adsorbent.

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