Alkylation reactor

Abstract

This invention provides an alkyl catalytic reactor, comprising a tank body, which includes an intermediate cylinder. An upper cover and a lower cover are fixed to the top and bottom of the intermediate cylinder, respectively. The interior of the intermediate cylinder, from bottom to top, comprises a pretreatment zone, a heat exchange zone, a first dispersion zone, a catalytic reaction zone, and a second dispersion zone. Several pre-reserved discs are bolted to the top of the catalyst bed. These pre-reserved discs are detachable from the catalyst bed. When scale forms on the top pre-reserved discs, they can be removed through a doorway. At this point, there is no scale on the top ceramic ball or the pre-reserved discs, allowing for continued use. The removed pre-reserved discs are also easy to clean. After the catalytic reaction is completed, a gas pump introduces gas into the first inlet pipe. The gas enters the annular cavity after passing through the first inlet pipe and then through a ring network into several first reaction channels. The gas carries the heat from inside the catalyst bed to the collection cylinder, ensuring more complete heat collection and preventing heat waste.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high carbon number alkyl production technology, specifically to alkyl catalytic reactors. Background Technology

[0002] Alkylation reactors for petroleum feedstocks are primarily used to convert low-carbon alkanes into high-carbon alkanes with higher added value. The feedstocks for this unit are typically petroleum coking gas, light oil, and heavy oil. Petroleum coking gas contains a high concentration of methane and ethane, which can be directly used to produce high-carbon alkanes. Light oil and heavy oil, however, mainly contain alkanes and aromatics, requiring pretreatment processes such as hydrogenation or hydrocracking to reduce the aromatic content to a certain level before alkylation to produce high-carbon alkanes.

[0003] Currently, during the catalytic reaction process in alkylation reactors, the catalyst bed is prone to excessively rapid pressure drop, which affects the catalytic reaction. The main reason is that the feed oil contains certain impurities. These impurities, together with amides and phosphorus-based additives, form a large amount of scale. This scale tends to accumulate on the top of the catalyst bed in the reactor and then covers the surface of the top ceramic balls and the top catalyst, thus affecting the catalytic reaction. Furthermore, the scale is severely compacted and has high hardness, making it difficult to clean and requiring time and effort to do so.

[0004] Meanwhile, existing alkylation reactors collect heat from the catalyst bed during and after the reaction through heat exchange, which has limited effectiveness in collecting heat from inside the catalyst bed.

[0005] In summary, there is a current need for alkyl catalytic reactors that are easy to clean of scale and can collect heat more completely. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an alkyl catalytic reactor, which solves the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] An alkyl catalytic reactor includes a tank body, the tank body comprising an intermediate cylinder, with an upper cover and a lower cover fixed to its top and bottom ends respectively. The interior of the intermediate cylinder, from bottom to top, comprises a pretreatment zone, a heat exchange zone, a first dispersion zone, a catalytic reaction zone, and a second dispersion zone. It also includes:

[0009] The catalytic mechanism is located in the catalytic reaction zone and includes a catalyst bed. A heat exchange chamber is provided between the catalyst bed and the inner wall of the intermediate cylinder. The catalyst bed has several first reaction channels and an annular cavity. The vertical cross-section of the first reaction channels is arc-shaped. The annular cavity is located between the several first reaction channels and the outer wall of the catalyst bed. A heat collection mechanism is provided on the outer side of the catalyst bed. The heat collection mechanism includes a first inlet pipe, a second inlet pipe, a first collection pipe, and a second collection pipe. The first inlet pipe, the second inlet pipe, the first collection pipe, and the second collection pipe are all fixedly connected to the side wall of the catalyst bed. The first inlet pipe and the first collection pipe are both connected to the annular cavity. The second inlet pipe and the second collection pipe are both connected to the heat exchange chamber. An air pump is provided at the outer port of the first inlet pipe. A collection cylinder is fixedly connected at the outer port of the first collection pipe. The air pump introduces gas into the annular cavity through the first inlet pipe. The gas enters the collection box after passing through the several first reaction channels of the catalyst bed.

[0010] The top of the catalyst bed is fixedly connected with several reserved discs by bolts. Each reserved disc includes several partitions and several channel plates. The partitions and channel plates are staggered and fixedly connected. Second reaction channels are opened on the channel plates. The second reaction channels on two adjacent reserved discs are connected. The second reaction channel on the bottom reserved disc is connected to the first reaction channel at the corresponding position.

[0011] The dispersion mechanism includes a first upper dispersion plate, a second upper dispersion plate, a first lower dispersion plate, and a second lower dispersion plate. The first upper dispersion plate and the first lower dispersion plate are each composed of several first sections and several second sections. Several first material passage channels are opened on the second sections. The second upper dispersion plate and the second lower dispersion plate are each composed of several third sections and several fourth sections. Several second material passage channels are opened on the third sections. The dispersion mechanism also includes a push rod symmetrically arranged. The push rod 1 is fixedly passed through the first upper dispersion plate, and the bottom end of the push rod 1 is fixedly connected to the top end of the first lower dispersion plate. The push rod 1 simultaneously drives the first upper dispersion plate and the first lower dispersion plate to move downward and abut against the second upper dispersion plate and the second lower dispersion plate respectively, so that both ends of the catalyst mechanism are sealed.

[0012] Furthermore, the reserved plate includes symmetrically arranged side plates, with two side plates located at both ends of the reserved plate respectively. Several partitions, several channel plates, and side plates are fixed together by connecting rods. The upper surfaces of several partitions, several channel plates, and side plates are provided with grooves, and the connection is located in the grooves. The connecting rods are connected to each partition, each channel plate, and each side plate by bolts.

[0013] Furthermore, a bottom mesh is fixedly connected to the bottom of the catalyst bed, and a top mesh is provided above the uppermost reserved plate. Fixed plates are symmetrically fixed at both ends of the top mesh. The top mesh is fixedly connected to the uppermost reserved plate by bolts. The space between the top mesh and the bottom mesh, the several second reaction channels, and the several first channels are all filled with ceramic balls and catalyst particles. The catalyst particles are located in the gaps between the ceramic balls and in the pores on the surface of the ceramic balls. A ring mesh is provided in the annular cavity. The ring mesh is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the catalyst bed and is located outside the several ceramic balls.

[0014] Furthermore, a connecting plate is fixedly provided at the top of the push rod, and the push rod slides through the side wall of the upper cover and the cylinder wall of the middle cylinder. A cylinder is provided above the connecting plate, and the piston rod of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the center of the top of the connecting plate.

[0015] When cylinder one drives the first upper dispersion plate and the first lower dispersion plate to move downwards and abut against the second upper dispersion plate and the second lower dispersion plate respectively, several first material passages of the first upper dispersion plate are blocked by the fourth section of the second upper dispersion plate, and several second material passages of the second upper dispersion plate are blocked by the first section of the first upper dispersion plate; several first material passages of the first lower dispersion plate are blocked by the fourth section of the second lower dispersion plate, and several second material passages of the second lower dispersion plate are blocked by the first section of the first lower dispersion plate.

[0016] Furthermore, a hydrogenation pipe is fixedly connected to the side wall of the intermediate cylinder, the hydrogenation pipe is located between the first dispersion zone and the heat exchange zone, a door opening is provided on the side wall of the intermediate cylinder, a product outlet pipe is fixedly connected to the upper cover, and a raw material inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the lower cover.

[0017] Furthermore, the intermediate cylinder is provided with a maintenance mechanism, which includes a sealing door located in the doorway. Push rods are fixedly provided on both sides of the top of the sealing door. A connecting plate is fixedly connected to the top of the push rods. The push rods slide through the side wall of the upper cover and the cylinder wall of the intermediate cylinder. A cylinder is provided above the connecting plate. The end of the piston rod of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the center of the top of the connecting plate.

[0018] Furthermore, the pretreatment zone is provided with a first desorption chamber and a second desorption chamber from bottom to top.

[0019] Furthermore, the heat exchange zone is provided with a heat exchange mechanism, which includes an upper fixed plate and a lower fixed plate. Several heat exchange tubes are evenly arranged between the upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate. The upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate are both fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the intermediate cylinder. The top and bottom ends of the heat exchange tubes are fixedly passed through the upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate, respectively. The heat exchange tubes connect the pretreatment zone with the first dispersion zone.

[0020] Furthermore, a base is provided below the tank body, and support rods are fixedly connected to the top two sides of the base. Several support plates are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the support rods, and several fixing rings are fixedly connected to the outside of the tank body. Each fixing ring is fixedly connected to the support plate at the corresponding position. The collecting cylinder and the air pump are respectively placed on the support plate at the corresponding position. The cylinder body of cylinder one and the cylinder body of cylinder two are both fixedly connected to the uppermost support plate.

[0021] Furthermore, the outlet end of the collecting cylinder is fixedly connected to a hot material inlet pipe, the inner end of which is fixedly inserted into the intermediate cylinder, and the lower end of the intermediate cylinder is fixedly connected to a cold material outlet pipe. The hot material inlet pipe is located at the upper end between the upper and lower fixed plates, and the cold material outlet pipe is located at the lower end between the upper and lower fixed plates. Valves are installed on the hydrogenation pipe, the first collecting pipe, the second collecting pipe, the hot material inlet pipe, the first air inlet pipe, and the second air inlet pipe.

[0022] This invention provides an alkyl catalytic reactor. Compared with the prior art, it has the following advantages:

[0023] Several pre-installed discs are bolted to the top of the catalyst bed. These discs are detachable from the catalyst bed. When scale forms on the top discs, they are removed through a doorway, and the top layer of ceramic balls is also removed through the doorway. At this point, there is no scale on the top ceramic balls or the discs, so they can continue to be used. The removed discs are also easy to clean. During the catalytic reaction, a gas pump introduces gas into the second inlet pipe. After passing through the second inlet pipe, the gas enters the heat exchange chamber. After being heated by the outer wall of the catalyst bed, the hot gas enters the collection cylinder through the second collection pipe, thus collecting the heat generated during the catalytic reaction. After the catalytic reaction is completed, a gas pump introduces gas into the first inlet pipe. After passing through the first inlet pipe, the gas enters the annular cavity and then passes through the ring network into several first reaction channels. The gas carries the heat inside the catalyst bed to the collection cylinder, making heat collection more complete and avoiding heat waste. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the alkyl catalytic reactor of the present invention is shown;

[0026] Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0027] Figure 3 A front view of the overall structure of the present invention is shown;

[0028] Figure 4 An exploded view of the catalytic mechanism of the present invention is shown;

[0029] Figure 5 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the catalyst support bed of the present invention is shown;

[0030] Figure 6 A vertical cross-sectional schematic diagram of the catalyst support bed of the present invention is shown;

[0031] Figure 7 A top view of the reserved disk of the present invention is shown;

[0032] Figure 8 An exploded view of the reserved disk of the present invention is shown.

[0033] The diagram shows: 1. Tank body; 11. Intermediate cylinder; 111. Pretreatment zone; 112. Heat exchange zone; 113. First dispersion zone; 114. Catalytic reaction zone; 115. Second dispersion zone; 116. Hydrogenation pipe; 12. Upper cover; 121. Product outlet pipe; 13. Lower cover; 131. Raw material inlet pipe; 2. Catalytic mechanism; 21. Catalyst bed; 211. Annular cavity; 212. First reaction channel; 22. Ring mesh; 23. Reserved plate; 231. Partition plate; 232. Channel plate; 2321. Second reaction channel; 233. Side plate; 234. Connecting rod; 235. Groove; 24. Top mesh; 241. Fixing plate; 25. Bottom mesh; 26. Ceramic ball; 27. Catalyst particles; 3. Dispersion mechanism; 31. First upper dispersion plate; 311. First area; 312. Second area; 3 121. First material passage; 32. Second upper dispersion plate; 321. Third zone; 3211. Second material passage; 322. Fourth zone; 33. First lower dispersion plate; 34. Second lower dispersion plate; 35. Push rod one; 36. Connecting plate one; 37. Cylinder one; 4. Maintenance mechanism; 41. Sealing door; 42. Push rod two; 43. Connecting plate two; 44. Cylinder two; 5. Heat exchange mechanism; 51. Upper fixed plate; 52. Lower fixed plate; 53. Heat exchange tube; 54. Cold material outlet pipe; 61. Collection cylinder; 62. First collection pipe; 63. Hot material inlet pipe; 64. First air inlet pipe; 65. Second air inlet pipe; 66. Second collection pipe; 67. Air pump; 7. First desorption chamber; 8. Second desorption chamber; 9. Base; 91. Support rod; 92. Support plate; 93. Fixing ring; 100. Valve. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0035] To address the technical problems in the background section, the following alkyl catalytic reactor is provided:

[0036] Combination Figures 1-8 As shown, the present invention includes a tank body 1, which includes an intermediate cylinder 11. An upper cover 12 and a lower cover 13 are fixedly provided at the top and bottom ends of the intermediate cylinder 11, respectively. A hydrogenation pipe 116 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the intermediate cylinder 11. The hydrogenation pipe 116 is located between the first dispersion zone 113 and the heat exchange zone 112. A door opening is provided on the side wall of the intermediate cylinder 11. A product outlet pipe 121 is fixedly connected to the upper cover 12, and a raw material inlet pipe 131 is fixedly connected to the lower cover 13. The interior of the intermediate cylinder 11, from bottom to top, consists of a pretreatment zone 111, a heat exchange zone 112, a first dispersion zone 113, a catalytic reaction zone 114, and a second dispersion zone 115.

[0037] A base 9 is provided at the bottom of the tank body 1. Support rods 91 are fixedly connected to the top two sides of the base 9. Several support plates 92 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the support rods 91. Several fixing rings 93 are fixedly connected to the outside of the tank body 1. Each fixing ring 93 is fixedly connected to the support plate 92 at the corresponding position. The collection cylinder 61 and the air pump 67 are respectively placed on the support plate 92 at the corresponding positions. The cylinder body of cylinder 37 and cylinder body of cylinder 44 are fixedly connected to the uppermost support plate 92.

[0038] It also includes: a first desorption chamber 7 and a second desorption chamber 8. The first desorption chamber 7 and the second desorption chamber 8 are located in the pretreatment zone 111 from bottom to top. The first desorption chamber 7 is used to remove harmful substances such as sulfur and nitrogen from petroleum feedstock, and the second desorption chamber 8 is used to remove water and other impurities from petroleum feedstock.

[0039] The heat exchange zone 112 is equipped with a heat exchange mechanism 5, which includes an upper fixed plate 51 and a lower fixed plate 52. A plurality of heat exchange tubes 53 are evenly arranged between the upper fixed plate 51 and the lower fixed plate 52. The upper fixed plate 51 and the lower fixed plate 52 are both fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the intermediate cylinder 11. The top and bottom ends of the heat exchange tubes 53 are fixedly passed through the upper fixed plate 51 and the lower fixed plate 52 respectively. The heat exchange tubes 53 connect the pretreatment zone 111 with the first dispersion zone 113. The heat exchange mechanism 5 heats the liquid petroleum raw material into gas, and the gas flows upward through the plurality of heat exchange tubes 53.

[0040] The dispersion mechanism 3 includes a first upper dispersion disk 31, a second upper dispersion disk 32, a first lower dispersion disk 33, and a second lower dispersion disk 34. The first upper dispersion disk 31 and the second upper dispersion disk 32 are located in the second dispersion zone 115, and the first lower dispersion disk 33 and the second lower dispersion disk 34 are located in the first dispersion zone 113. The first lower dispersion disk 33 and the second lower dispersion disk 34 are used to disperse the gaseous raw material after heat exchange twice to ensure that the gaseous raw material can flow upward uniformly into the catalytic mechanism 2.

[0041] After the gaseous feedstock enters the catalytic unit 2 and reacts, it continues to flow upward. The first upper dispersion disk 31 and the second upper dispersion disk 32 are used to disperse the gaseous material after the catalytic reaction twice, so as to facilitate the subsequent separation operation of the gaseous material.

[0042] Catalytic mechanism 2 is located in catalytic reaction zone 114. Catalytic mechanism 2 includes catalyst bed 21, and catalyst particles 27 are provided in catalyst bed 21. The catalyst particles 27 are used to catalyze the reaction of low-carbon alkanes with methanol and other substances to form high-carbon alkanes.

[0043] The gaseous feedstock flowing into the catalyst bed 21 undergoes a catalytic reaction with the catalyst particles 27 to form high-carbon alkanes, which then flow upwards.

[0044] In the above technical solution, petroleum feedstock enters the lower cover 13 through the feedstock inlet pipe 131, and the liquid level of the petroleum feedstock continuously rises. The petroleum feedstock passes through the first desorption chamber 7 to remove harmful substances such as sulfur and nitrogen, and through the second desorption chamber 8 to remove water and other impurities. The petroleum feedstock liquid level continues to rise and enters several heat exchange tubes 53. Hot material is introduced into the hot material inlet pipe 63, entering between the upper fixed plate 51 and the lower fixed plate 52. The hot material heats the petroleum feedstock in the heat exchange tubes 53 into gas. The raw material flows out from the upper end of the heat exchange tube 53 and flows upward to the first dispersion zone 113; hydrogen is added into the intermediate cylinder 11 through the hydrogenation tube 116. The hydrogen and the gaseous raw material are dispersed twice in sequence through the first lower dispersion plate 33 and the second lower dispersion plate 34. The dispersed mixed gaseous raw material enters the catalytic mechanism 2, and after being catalyzed by the catalytic particles, gaseous high-carbon alkanes are generated. The gaseous high-carbon alkanes continue to flow upward and are dispersed twice through the first upper dispersion plate 31 and the second upper dispersion plate 32 before flowing out through the product outlet pipe 121. Example

[0045] like Figure 1 and Figures 4-8 As shown, based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further provides the following:

[0046] To collect heat during and after the catalytic reaction, this embodiment provides the following design: the upper and lower ends of the sidewall of the catalyst bed 21 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the intermediate cylinder 11. The catalyst bed 21 has several first reaction channels 212 and an annular cavity 211. The annular cavity 211 is located between the several first reaction channels 212 and the outer sidewall of the catalyst bed 21. A heat exchange cavity is provided between the catalyst bed 21 and the inner wall of the intermediate cylinder 11. The vertical cross-section of the first reaction channel 212 is arc-shaped. The arc-shaped first reaction channel 212 ensures that the flow path of the gaseous raw material into the first reaction channel 212 is arc-shaped, thereby ensuring that the gaseous raw material can have more contact with the catalyst particles 27 on the channel wall of the first reaction channel.

[0047] A heat collection mechanism is provided on the outer side of the catalyst carrier bed 21. The heat collection mechanism includes a first air inlet pipe 64, a second air inlet pipe 65, a first collection pipe 62, and a second collection pipe 66. The first air inlet pipe 64, the second air inlet pipe 65, the first collection pipe 62, and the second collection pipe 66 are all fixedly connected to the side wall of the catalyst carrier bed 21. The first air inlet pipe 64 and the first collection pipe 62 are both connected to the annular cavity 211, and the second air inlet pipe 65 and the second collection pipe 66 are both connected to the heat exchange cavity. An air pump 67 is provided at the outer port of the first air inlet pipe 64, and a collection cylinder 61 is fixedly connected to the outer port of the first collection pipe 62.

[0048] The outlet end of the collecting cylinder 61 is fixedly connected to a hot material inlet pipe 63. The inner end of the hot material inlet pipe 63 is fixedly inserted into the intermediate cylinder 11. The lower end of the intermediate cylinder 11 is fixedly connected to a cold material outlet pipe 54. The hot material inlet pipe 63 is located at the upper end between the upper fixed plate 51 and the lower fixed plate 52, and the cold material outlet pipe 54 is located at the lower end between the upper fixed plate 51 and the lower fixed plate 52.

[0049] In the above technical solution, when the gaseous raw material enters the catalyst bed 21 for reaction, a large amount of heat is generated. The valve 100 of the second collection pipe 66 and the second inlet pipe 65 is opened, and the gas pump 67 introduces gas into the second inlet pipe 65. After passing through the second inlet pipe 65, the gas enters the heat exchange chamber. After being heated by the outer wall of the catalyst bed 21, the hot gas enters the collection cylinder 61 through the second collection pipe 66, thereby collecting the heat generated during the catalytic reaction.

[0050] When the catalytic reaction ends, the valves 100 of the second collection pipe 66 and the second inlet pipe 65 are closed, and the valves 100 of the first collection pipe 62 and the first inlet pipe 64 are opened. The gas pump 67 introduces gas into the first inlet pipe 64. After passing through the first inlet pipe 64, the gas enters the annular cavity 211. The gas passes through the ring network 22 and enters several first reaction channels 212. The gas carries the heat in the first reaction channels 212, and the high-temperature gas formed enters the collection cylinder 61 through the first collection pipe 62.

[0051] The intermediate cylinder 11 is provided with a maintenance mechanism 4, which includes a sealing door 41 located in the doorway. Push rods 42 are fixedly provided on both sides of the top of the sealing door 41. A connecting plate 43 is fixedly connected to the top of the push rods 42. The push rods 42 slide through the side wall of the upper cover 12 and the cylinder wall of the intermediate cylinder 11. A cylinder 44 is provided above the connecting plate 43. The end of the piston rod of the cylinder 44 is fixedly connected to the center of the top of the connecting plate 43. The cylinder 44 is used to control the opening and closing of the sealing door 41.

[0052] To address the scaling issue at the top of the catalyst carrier bed 21, this embodiment presents the following design:

[0053] The top of the catalyst bed 21 is fixedly connected with several pre-reserved discs 23 by bolts. Each pre-reserved disc 23 includes several partitions 231 and several channel plates 232. The partitions 231 and channel plates 232 are staggered and fixedly connected. Second reaction channels 2321 are formed on the channel plates 232. The second reaction channels 2321 on two adjacent pre-reserved discs 23 are connected. The second reaction channel 2321 on the lowest pre-reserved disc 23 is connected to the corresponding first reaction channel 212. The pre-reserved tray 23 is interconnected and includes symmetrically arranged side plates 233. The two side plates 233 are located at both ends of the pre-reserved tray 23. Several partitions 231, several channel plates 232, and side plates 233 are fixed together by connecting rods 234. The upper surfaces of several partitions 231, several channel plates 232, and side plates 233 are all provided with grooves 235, and the connection is located in the grooves 235. The connecting rods 234 are connected to each partition 231, each channel plate 232, and each side plate 233 by bolts.

[0054] A bottom mesh 25 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the catalyst bed 21. A top mesh 24 is provided above the uppermost reserved plate 23. Fixing plates 241 are symmetrically fixed at both ends of the top mesh 24. The top mesh 24 is fixedly connected to the uppermost reserved plate 23 by bolts. The space between the top mesh 24 and the bottom mesh 25, the several second reaction channels 2321, and the several first channels are filled with ceramic balls 26 and catalyst particles 27. The catalyst particles 27 are located in the gaps between the ceramic balls 26 and in the pores on the surface of the ceramic balls 26. A ring mesh 22 is provided in the annular cavity 211. The ring mesh 22 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the catalyst bed 21 and is located outside the several ceramic balls 26. The top mesh 24, bottom mesh 25, and ring mesh 22 are all used to fix the ceramic balls 26.

[0055] In the above technical solution, when a large amount of scale forms on the top of the reserved plate 23, the bolts between the top mesh 24, several reserved plates 23 and the catalyst bed 21 are unscrewed, the top mesh 24 is temporarily removed, the uppermost ceramic ball 26 is cleaned out of the middle cylinder 11, and several bolts of the uppermost reserved plate 23 are unscrewed, so that the partition plate 231, channel plate 232 and connecting rod 234 of the uppermost reserved plate 23 are separated, so that the partition plate 231, channel plate 232, connecting rod 234, etc. can be taken out from the doorway, and the remaining reserved plate 23 and top mesh 24 are re-fixed to the catalyst bed 21 with bolts. At this time, there is no large amount of scale on the uppermost reserved plate 23 and ceramic ball 26, so it can continue to be used, avoiding long-term cleaning and preventing the scale from falling onto the lower reserved plate 23 or catalyst bed 21. Example

[0056] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further provides the following:

[0057] To ensure more complete collection of residual heat from the catalyst bed 21 after the reaction, this embodiment provides the following technical solution: The first upper dispersion disk 31 and the first lower dispersion disk 33 are each composed of several first regions 311 and several second regions 312. Several first material passages 3121 are provided on the second regions 312. The second upper dispersion disk 32 and the second lower dispersion disk 34 are each composed of several third regions 321 and several fourth regions 322. Several second material passages 3211 are provided on the third regions 321. The dispersion mechanism 3 also includes symmetrically arranged push rods 35. Push rods 35 are fixedly passed through the first upper dispersion disk 31, and their bottom ends are fixedly connected to the top end of the first lower dispersion disk 33. Push rods 35 simultaneously drive the first upper dispersion disk 31 and the first lower dispersion disk 33 downwards and abut against the second upper dispersion disk 32 and the second lower dispersion disk 34 respectively, thus sealing both ends of the catalyst mechanism 2.

[0058] A connecting plate 36 is fixedly provided at the top of the push rod 35. The push rod 35 slides through the side wall of the upper cover 12 and the cylinder wall of the intermediate cylinder 11. A cylinder 37 is provided above the connecting plate 36. The piston rod of the cylinder 37 is fixedly connected to the center of the top of the connecting plate 36.

[0059] In the above technical solution, when cylinder 37 drives the first upper dispersing disk 31 and the first lower dispersing disk 33 downwards via push rod 35 until they are respectively pressed against the second upper dispersing disk 32 and the second lower dispersing disk 34, several first material passages 3121 of the first upper dispersing disk 31 are blocked by the fourth area 322 of the second upper dispersing disk 32, and several second material passages 3211 of the second upper dispersing disk 32 are blocked by the first area 311 of the first upper dispersing disk 31; several first material passages 3121 of the first lower dispersing disk 33 are blocked by the fourth area 322 of the second lower dispersing disk 34, and several second material passages 3211 of the second lower dispersing disk 34 are blocked by the first area 311 of the first lower dispersing disk 33. This seals both ends of the catalyst bed 21. At this time, the valves 100 of the second collection pipe 66 and the second air inlet pipe 65 are closed, and the valves 100 of the first collection pipe 62 and the first air inlet pipe 64 are opened. The air pump 67 introduces gas into the first air inlet pipe 64. After passing through the first air inlet pipe 64, the gas enters the annular cavity 211. The gas passes through the ring network 22 and enters several first reaction channels 212. The gas carries the heat in the first reaction channels 212, and the high-temperature gas formed enters the collection cylinder 61 through the first collection pipe 62. This makes the collection of residual heat more complete, avoids preheating waste, and at the same time cools down the catalyst bed 21 in time, preventing residual heat from lingering for a long time and having an adverse effect on the catalyst bed 21.

[0060] Valves 100 are installed on the hydrogenation pipe 116, the first collection pipe 62, the second collection pipe 66, the hot material inlet pipe 63, the first air inlet pipe 64, and the second air inlet pipe 65 to facilitate control of the material flow direction.

[0061] Working principle and usage process of this invention:

[0062] Reaction Process: Petroleum feedstock enters the lower cap 13 through feedstock inlet pipe 131, and the liquid level of the petroleum feedstock continuously rises. The petroleum feedstock passes through the first desorption chamber 7 to remove harmful substances such as sulfur and nitrogen, and through the second desorption chamber 8 to remove water and other impurities. The petroleum feedstock liquid level continues to rise and enters several heat exchange tubes 53. Hot material is introduced into the hot material inlet pipe 63, entering between the upper fixed plate 51 and the lower fixed plate 52. The hot material heats the petroleum feedstock in the heat exchange tubes 53 into a gas. The gas flows out from the upper end of the heat exchange tube 53 and upward to the first dispersion zone 113; hydrogen is added into the intermediate cylinder 11 through the hydrogenation tube 116. The hydrogen and gaseous raw materials are dispersed twice in sequence through the first lower dispersion plate 33 and the second lower dispersion plate 34. The dispersed mixed gaseous raw materials enter the catalytic mechanism 2 and are catalyzed by the catalytic particles to generate gaseous high-carbon alkanes. The gaseous high-carbon alkanes continue to flow upward and are dispersed twice in sequence through the first upper dispersion plate 31 and the second upper dispersion plate 32 before flowing out through the product outlet pipe 121.

[0063] During the preheating process of the catalytic reaction: open valve 100 of the second collection pipe 66 and the second inlet pipe 65, and gas pump 67. Gas pump 67 introduces gas into the second inlet pipe 65. After passing through the second inlet pipe 65, the gas enters the heat exchange chamber. After being heated by the outer wall of the catalyst bed 21, the hot gas enters the collection cylinder 61 through the second collection pipe 66, thereby collecting the heat generated during the catalytic reaction.

[0064] During the preheating and collection process after the catalytic reaction: close valves 100 of the second collection pipe 66 and the second air inlet pipe 65, and open valves 100 of the first collection pipe 62 and the first air inlet pipe 64, as well as the air pump 67. Cylinder 37 drives the first upper dispersion plate 31 and the first lower dispersion plate 33 downwards via push rod 35 until they are in contact with the second upper dispersion plate 32 and the second lower dispersion plate 34, respectively. At this time, both the upper and lower ends of the catalyst carrier bed 21 are sealed. The air pump 67 introduces gas into the first air inlet pipe 64. After passing through the first air inlet pipe 64, the gas enters the annular cavity 211. The gas passes through the ring network 22 and enters several first reaction channels 212. The gas carries the heat in the first reaction channels 212, and the resulting high-temperature gas enters the collection cylinder 61 through the first collection pipe 62.

[0065] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0066] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An alkyl catalytic reactor, characterized in that: The tank includes a central cylinder, with an upper and lower cap fixed to its top and bottom ends, respectively. The interior of the central cylinder, from bottom to top, comprises a pretreatment zone, a heat exchange zone, a first dispersion zone, a catalytic reaction zone, and a second dispersion zone. It also includes: The catalytic mechanism is located in the catalytic reaction zone and includes a catalyst bed. A heat exchange chamber is provided between the catalyst bed and the inner wall of the intermediate cylinder. The catalyst bed has several first reaction channels and an annular cavity. The vertical cross-section of the first reaction channels is arc-shaped. The annular cavity is located between the several first reaction channels and the outer wall of the catalyst bed. A heat collection mechanism is provided on the outer side of the catalyst bed. The heat collection mechanism includes a first inlet pipe, a second inlet pipe, a first collection pipe, and a second collection pipe. The first inlet pipe, the second inlet pipe, the first collection pipe, and the second collection pipe are all fixedly connected to the side wall of the catalyst bed. The first inlet pipe and the first collection pipe are both connected to the annular cavity. The second inlet pipe and the second collection pipe are both connected to the heat exchange chamber. An air pump is provided at the outer port of the first inlet pipe. A collection cylinder is fixedly connected at the outer port of the first collection pipe. The air pump introduces gas into the annular cavity through the first inlet pipe. The gas enters the collection cylinder after passing through the several first reaction channels of the catalyst bed. The top of the catalyst bed is fixedly connected with several reserved discs by bolts. Each reserved disc includes several partitions and several channel plates. The partitions and channel plates are staggered and fixedly connected. Second reaction channels are opened on the channel plates. The second reaction channels on two adjacent reserved discs are connected. The second reaction channel on the bottom reserved disc is connected to the first reaction channel at the corresponding position. The dispersion mechanism includes a first upper dispersion plate, a second upper dispersion plate, a first lower dispersion plate, and a second lower dispersion plate. The first upper dispersion plate and the first lower dispersion plate are each composed of several first sections and several second sections. Several first material passage channels are opened on the second sections. The second upper dispersion plate and the second lower dispersion plate are each composed of several third sections and several fourth sections. Several second material passage channels are opened on the third sections. The dispersion mechanism also includes a push rod symmetrically arranged. The push rod 1 is fixedly passed through the first upper dispersion plate, and the bottom end of the push rod 1 is fixedly connected to the top end of the first lower dispersion plate. The push rod 1 simultaneously drives the first upper dispersion plate and the first lower dispersion plate to move downward and abut against the second upper dispersion plate and the second lower dispersion plate respectively, so that both ends of the catalyst mechanism are sealed.

2. The alkyl catalytic reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reserved plate includes symmetrically arranged side plates, with two side plates located at opposite ends of the reserved plate. Several partitions, several channel plates, and side plates are fixed together by connecting rods. The upper surfaces of the partitions, several channel plates, and side plates are provided with grooves, and the connecting rods are located in the grooves. The connecting rods are connected to each partition, each channel plate, and each side plate by bolts.

3. The alkyl catalytic reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The catalyst bed is fixedly connected to a bottom mesh at its bottom end, and a top mesh is provided above the uppermost reserved plate. Fixed plates are symmetrically fixed at both ends of the top mesh. The top mesh is fixedly connected to the uppermost reserved plate by bolts. The space between the top mesh and the bottom mesh, the several second reaction channels, and the several first reaction channels are all filled with ceramic balls and catalyst particles. The catalyst particles are located in the gaps between the ceramic balls and in the pores on the surface of the ceramic balls. A ring mesh is provided in the annular cavity. The ring mesh is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the catalyst bed and is located outside the several ceramic balls.

4. The alkyl catalytic reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that: A connecting plate is fixedly provided at the top of the push rod. The push rod slides through the side wall of the upper cover and the cylinder wall of the middle cylinder. A cylinder is provided above the connecting plate. The piston rod of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the center of the top of the connecting plate. When cylinder one drives the first upper dispersion plate and the first lower dispersion plate to move downwards and abut against the second upper dispersion plate and the second lower dispersion plate respectively, several first material passages of the first upper dispersion plate are blocked by the fourth section of the second upper dispersion plate, and several second material passages of the second upper dispersion plate are blocked by the first section of the first upper dispersion plate; several first material passages of the first lower dispersion plate are blocked by the fourth section of the second lower dispersion plate, and several second material passages of the second lower dispersion plate are blocked by the first section of the first lower dispersion plate.

5. The alkyl catalytic reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that: A hydrogenation pipe is fixedly connected to the side wall of the intermediate cylinder. The hydrogenation pipe is located between the first dispersion zone and the heat exchange zone. A doorway is opened on the side wall of the intermediate cylinder. A product outlet pipe is fixedly connected to the upper cover, and a raw material inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the lower cover.

6. The alkyl catalytic reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The intermediate cylinder is equipped with a maintenance mechanism, which includes a sealing door located in the doorway. Push rods are fixedly installed on both sides of the top of the sealing door. A connecting plate is fixedly connected to the top of the push rods. The push rods slide through the side wall of the upper cover and the cylinder wall of the intermediate cylinder. A cylinder is installed above the connecting plate. The end of the piston rod of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the center of the top of the connecting plate.

7. The alkyl catalytic reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pretreatment area is provided with a first desorption chamber and a second desorption chamber from bottom to top.

8. The alkyl catalytic reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The heat exchange zone is equipped with a heat exchange mechanism, which includes an upper fixed plate and a lower fixed plate. Several heat exchange tubes are evenly arranged between the upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate. The upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate are both fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the intermediate cylinder. The top and bottom ends of the heat exchange tubes are fixedly passed through the upper fixed plate and the lower fixed plate, respectively. The heat exchange tubes connect the pretreatment zone with the first dispersion zone.

9. The alkyl catalytic reactor according to claim 8, characterized in that: The tank is provided with a base at the bottom, and support rods are fixedly connected to the top two sides of the base. Several support plates are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the support rods. Several fixing rings are fixedly connected to the outside of the tank. Each fixing ring is fixedly connected to the support plate at the corresponding position. The collecting cylinder and the air pump are respectively placed on the support plate at the corresponding position. The cylinder body of cylinder one and the cylinder body of cylinder two are fixedly connected to the uppermost support plate.

10. The alkyl catalytic reactor according to claim 9, characterized in that: The outlet end of the collecting cylinder is fixedly connected to a hot material inlet pipe, the inner end of which is fixedly inserted into the middle cylinder. The lower end of the middle cylinder is fixedly connected to a cold material outlet pipe. The hot material inlet pipe is located at the upper end between the upper and lower fixed plates, and the cold material outlet pipe is located at the lower end between the upper and lower fixed plates. Valves are installed on the hydrogenation pipe, the first collecting pipe, the second collecting pipe, the hot material inlet pipe, the first air inlet pipe, and the second air inlet pipe.

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