A lightweight composite acoustic metamaterial barrier sound-absorbing panel

Abstract

The present invention relates to a lightweight composite acoustic metamaterial barrier sound-absorbing panel, which comprises a panel housing and a metamaterial composite sound-absorbing member inserted inside the panel housing; the metamaterial composite sound-absorbing member comprises an acoustic metamaterial board (4) and a traditional sound-absorbing material board (5); the acoustic metamaterial board (4) is installed on the side of the panel housing away from the sound source; and a metamaterial sound-absorbing hole (4e) is provided on the board surface of the acoustic metamaterial board (4) facing the sound source. Compared with the prior art, the lightweight composite acoustic metamaterial barrier sound-absorbing panel designed by the present invention replaces the heavy-layer materials such as cement boards and gypsum boards in the panel with an acoustic metamaterial board provided with a metamaterial sound-absorbing cavity, and realizes lightweight design on the basis of broadening the noise reduction frequency band of the sound barrier.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a sound-absorbing member, and more particularly to a lightweight composite acoustic metamaterial barrier sound-absorbing panel. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous increase in the coverage rate of rail transit roads and traffic flow in China, traffic noise pollution has brought serious impacts to the residents along the line. At present, sound barriers are usually installed on both sides of the tracks and roads to improve the noise problems generated by rail transit. The noise reduction principle of the sound barrier is to set a material board or wall with sufficient surface density between the sound source and the sound receiving point, and attenuate the sound wave through absorption and blocking methods. After nearly 30 years of development, the sound barrier has derived various forms. According to the screen body material, it can be divided into concrete type, wood type, synthetic material type, metal plate type (such as perforated plate, micro-perforated plate, composite color steel plate, etc.).

[0003] At present, most sound barriers are impedance composite types. The screen body generally consists of a perforated plate, a sound-absorbing material, and a sound-insulating back panel. The sound-insulating back panel is usually a high-density heavy layer material. Due to the strong diffraction effect of medium and low-frequency noise, the existing sound barriers have poor attenuation effects on the noise in this frequency band. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a lightweight composite acoustic metamaterial barrier sound-absorbing panel to overcome at least one of the defects existing in the above-mentioned prior art. By replacing the heavy layer materials such as cement boards and gypsum boards in the screen body, the noise reduction frequency band of the sound barrier and the lightweight design are broadened. The present invention not only meets the new requirements of broadband noise reduction and lightweight design of the sound barrier, but also has convenient assembly and universality. It can be encapsulated in most existing sound barrier screen bodies and has a wide application prospect.

[0005] Acoustic metamaterials can regulate the propagation of sound waves through artificial structure design, so as to achieve effects such as anomalous refraction and reflection, acoustic holography, and multi-cavity perfect absorbers. The rapid development of acoustic metamaterials provides the possibility for the low-frequency noise reduction performance of sound barriers. Based on energy dissipation mechanisms such as weak coupling and local resonance and the impedance matching principle, the designer combines and matches traditional porous acoustic materials with multi-cavity acoustic metamaterials to achieve low-frequency broadband sound absorption effects.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0007] A lightweight composite acoustic metamaterial barrier sound-absorbing panel includes a screen body housing and a metamaterial composite sound-absorbing member inserted inside the screen body housing;

[0008] The metamaterial composite sound-absorbing member includes an acoustic metamaterial board and a traditional sound-absorbing material board; the acoustic metamaterial board is installed on the side of the screen body housing away from the sound source; and the acoustic metamaterial board is provided with metamaterial sound-absorbing holes on the board surface facing the sound source.

[0009] Specifically, the metamaterial composite sound-absorbing component is designed by the composite matching of a metamaterial plate and a traditional sound-absorbing material. The distance between the metamaterial plate and the traditional sound-absorbing material plate is greater than or equal to 0. That is to say, during assembly, the traditional sound-absorbing material can be attached to the surface of the metamaterial plate, or there can be a cavity layer with a certain thickness between the traditional sound-absorbing material and the metamaterial plate.

[0010] In an embodiment of the present invention, the screen housing includes a sound-insulating back panel and a perforated panel arranged in parallel, and side wall panels for connecting the two; limiting keels for fixing the metamaterial composite sound-absorbing component are also provided at both ends of the screen housing. Specifically, the limiting keels are symmetrically fixed at the upper and lower ends inside the screen, not limited to welding, riveting, bolt connection, etc., or the limiting keels are fixed on the upper and lower sides of the metamaterial composite sound-absorbing component. The width of the limiting keel is equal to the thickness of the inner cavity of the screen, and the length is equal to the length of the inner cavity of the screen; the width of the limiting slot is equal to the thickness of the metamaterial composite sound-absorbing component, and the height should not exceed 20 mm. The metamaterial composite sound-absorbing component is designed by the composite matching of a metamaterial plate and a traditional sound-absorbing material, and is installed in the upper and lower limiting keel slots in a plug-and-play manner; or the limiting keel and the metamaterial composite sound-absorbing component are pre-formed into an assembly and installed integrally.

[0011] Preferably, the length and width of the metamaterial plate are the same as the length and width of the sound-insulating back panel of a single screen, and it is assembled and fitted inside the screen. The thickness of the metamaterial plate is the same as the width of the limiting keel slot.

[0012] Preferably, the metamaterial plate is prepared from a refractory and corrosion-resistant metal thin plate material, such as aluminum, aluminum alloy thin plates, etc., and the thickness of the thin plate is less than 1 mm.

[0013] In an embodiment of the present invention, a gauze is provided between the traditional sound-absorbing material plate and the perforated panel.

[0014] In an embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the gauze is less than 0.5 mm.

[0015] In an embodiment of the present invention, the traditional sound-absorbing material plate is a glass wool board, and the length and width dimensions of the glass wool board are the same as those of the metamaterial plate.

[0016] In an embodiment of the present invention, the metamaterial plate for the metamaterial sound barrier is made of a refractory and corrosion-resistant metal thin plate material, such as aluminum, aluminum alloy thin plates, etc., and the thickness of the thin plate is less than 1 mm.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the acoustic metamaterial plate is composed of spliced acoustic metamaterial units with various structural parameter cavities. Specifically, the acoustic metamaterial plate is composed of acoustic metamaterial units with various structural parameters spliced in series and / or in parallel to form a large-size assembly, which is assembled on one side of the sound insulation backboard inside the screen, and the metamaterial sound absorption holes on its surface face the punched panel side for absorbing the radiation noise from the track or the road surface.

[0018] Preferably, the structural parameters of the acoustic metamaterial units are different. Taking the radiation noise frequency of the track or the road surface as the target noise reduction frequency band, a functional element model is designed, and a multi-parameter metamaterial sound absorption cavity resonance acoustic metamaterial unit configuration is designed by sequential structure.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of each acoustic metamaterial unit in the acoustic metamaterial plate is not completely the same. That is to say, when specifying the thickness of the assembly space of the metamaterial composite sound absorption member, the thickness of each acoustic metamaterial unit constituting the acoustic metamaterial plate can be different, and the traditional sound absorption material layer covering its surface can also be uneven in thickness accordingly. The acoustic metamaterial unit and the traditional sound absorption material layer form a nested assembly.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention, the acoustic metamaterial unit includes a metamaterial sound insulation backboard, a metamaterial panel, a metamaterial partition board, and a metamaterial sound absorption cavity; the metamaterial sound absorption holes are arranged on the surface of the metamaterial panel. Specifically, the cavity-type acoustic metamaterial unit is designed by sequential structure of various mesoscopic-scale metamaterial sound absorption cavity functional elements. The acoustic metamaterial unit includes a metamaterial sound insulation backboard, a metamaterial panel, a metamaterial partition board, a metamaterial sound absorption cavity and the metamaterial sound absorption holes on the surface of the metamaterial panel.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, the cross-section of the metamaterial sound absorption hole is circular or polygonal. Specifically, the sound absorption holes on the surface of the acoustic metamaterial unit are located at the lower end of the corresponding metamaterial sound absorption cavity for facilitating self-drainage.

[0022] Preferably, the cross-section of the metamaterial sound absorption cavity is square or rectangular, and the cavity distribution should be as simple as possible for easy molding and preparation.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention, the metamaterial sound absorption cavity of the metamaterial sound absorption unit is orderly divided by the metamaterial partition board and is distributed in the acoustic metamaterial plate in a series and / or parallel combination manner.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0025] (1) A lightweight composite acoustic metamaterial barrier sound absorption plate designed by the present invention replaces the heavy-layer materials such as cement boards and gypsum boards inside the screen with an acoustic metamaterial plate provided with a metamaterial sound absorption cavity, realizing lightweight design on the basis of broadening the noise reduction frequency band of the sound barrier.

[0026] (2) The present invention not only meets the new requirements of broadband noise reduction and lightweight design for the sound barrier, but also has the advantages of convenient assembly and universality. It can be encapsulated in most existing sound barrier panels and has broad application prospects. Description of the Drawings

[0027] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional assembly drawing of the lightweight composite acoustic metamaterial barrier sound absorption panel in the embodiment;

[0028] Figure 2 It is the front view of the lightweight composite acoustic metamaterial barrier sound absorption panel in the embodiment;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the first type of acoustic metamaterial unit structure in the embodiment;

[0030] Figure 4 It is an assembly schematic diagram of the metamaterial composite sound absorption component in the embodiment;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the second type of acoustic metamaterial unit structure in the embodiment;

[0032] As shown in the figure: 1 - sound insulation back panel; 2 - perforated panel; 3 - limiting keel; 3a - upper limiting keel; 3b - lower limiting keel; 4 - acoustic metamaterial board; 4a - metamaterial sound insulation back panel; 4b - metamaterial panel; 4c - metamaterial partition; 4d - metamaterial sound absorption cavity; 4e - metamaterial sound absorption hole; 5 - traditional sound absorption material board; 6 - screen; 7 - side wall board. Detailed Embodiment

[0033] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation manners and specific operation processes are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0034] Embodiment

[0035] See Figures 1-5 , this embodiment provides a lightweight composite acoustic metamaterial barrier sound absorption panel, which includes a panel housing and a metamaterial composite sound absorption component. The panel housing includes a sound insulation back panel 1, a perforated panel 2, a limiting keel 3 and a side wall board 7; the metamaterial composite sound absorption component includes an acoustic metamaterial board 4 and a traditional sound absorption material 5.

[0036] See Figure 1, the screen housing is of the metal plate type, including a sound-insulating back panel 1, a perforated panel 2 and side wall panels 7. The panel 2 is a perforated plate, a micro-perforated plate, a composite color steel plate, etc.; the assembly method of the screen housing is that the sound-insulating back panel 1 and the perforated panel 2 are snap-fitted and assembled on the side wall panels 7 and fixed with bolts. The limit keels 3 are symmetrically fixed at the upper and lower ends inside the screen body, and can be fixed by welding, riveting or bolt connection.

[0037] See Figure 1 , the width of the limit keel 3 is equal to the thickness of a single screen inner cavity, and its length is equal to the length of a single screen inner cavity; the width of the limit slot is equal to the thickness of the meta-composite sound-absorbing member, and the height of the limit slot should not exceed 20 mm.

[0038] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , the meta-composite sound-absorbing member is designed by compound matching of an acoustic metamaterial board 4 and a traditional sound-absorbing material 5, and is installed in the slots of the upper limit keel 3a and the lower limit keel 3b in a plug-and-play manner.

[0039] See Figure 4 , another assembly method of the meta-composite sound-absorbing member provided in this embodiment is: the limit keel 3 is fixed at the upper and lower ends of the meta-composite sound-absorbing member in advance, and the limit keel 3 and the meta-composite sound-absorbing member form an assembly, and then the integrated acoustic metamaterial board 4, traditional sound-absorbing material 5 and limit keel 3 are installed in the screen body together.

[0040] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , the length and width of the acoustic metamaterial board 4 are the same as those of the sound-insulating back panel 1 of a single screen body, and its thickness is the same as the width of the slot of the limit keel 3.

[0041] In this embodiment, the acoustic metamaterial board 4 is prepared from a refractory and corrosion-resistant metal thin plate material, such as aluminum, aluminum alloy thin plate and other materials, and the thickness of the thin plate is less than 1 mm.

[0042] See Figure 1 , the acoustic metamaterial board 4 is composed of cavity acoustic metamaterial units with various structural parameters connected in series to form a large-size assembly, which is assembled inside each section of the screen body, adjacent to the side of the sound-insulating back panel 1, and the meta-sound-absorbing holes 4e on its surface face the side of the screen panel 2 for absorbing the radiation noise from the track or road surface.

[0043] In this embodiment, the meta-sound-insulating back panel 4a of the acoustic metamaterial unit constituting the acoustic metamaterial board 4 has a thickness of 2-5 mm to improve its sound-insulating performance in the medium and high frequency bands.

[0044] See Figure 3The acoustic meta - unit is designed by the sequential structure of a variety of mesoscopic - scale sound - absorbing cavity functional elements. The acoustic meta - unit includes a meta - sound insulation back panel 4a, a meta - panel 4b, a meta - partition 4c, a meta - sound - absorbing cavity 4d, and meta - sound - absorbing holes 4e on the surface of the meta - panel.

[0045] In this embodiment, the structural parameters of the acoustic meta - unit are not the same. Taking the frequency of rail or road surface radiation noise as the target noise reduction frequency band, a functional element model is designed, and an acoustic meta - unit configuration with multi - parameter sound - absorbing cavities is designed by sequential structure, aiming to broaden the noise reduction frequency band of the acoustic meta - material board 4. In this embodiment, there are two types of designed acoustic meta - units, and the specific structures are as Figure 3 、 Figure 5 shown.

[0046] See Figure 3 、 Figure 5 . The sound - absorbing holes 4e on the surface of the acoustic meta - unit are located at the lower end of their corresponding meta - sound - absorbing cavities 4d, which is convenient for self - drainage. The cross - section of the meta - sound - absorbing holes 4e can be designed as circular, square or polygonal.

[0047] In this embodiment, the cross - section of the sound - absorbing holes 4e is square. Its advantage is that two sides of the square cross - section can share the same side with two sides of the square meta - sound - absorbing cavity 4d, that is, the square meta - sound - absorbing holes 4e and two wall surfaces of the square meta - sound - absorbing cavity 4d are coplanar. This method saves the materials of the two wall surfaces of the meta - sound - absorbing holes 4e and is conducive to self - drainage.

[0048] The sound - absorbing cavities in the acoustic meta - unit are orderly divided by the meta - partitions 4c. The distribution forms of the meta - sound - absorbing cavities 4d are diverse and can be distributed in series and / or parallel combination ways. In this embodiment, the cross - section of the sound - absorbing cavities in the acoustic meta - unit is square or rectangular, and the cavity distribution should be as simple as possible for easy forming and preparation.

[0049] A layer of thin gauze 6 with a thickness less than 0.5 mm is covered on the surface of the traditional sound - absorbing material 5 and assembled between the traditional sound - absorbing material 5 and the perforated panel 2. In this embodiment, the traditional sound - absorbing material 5 is the commonly used glass wool in engineering, and its length and width dimensions are the same as those of the acoustic meta - material board 4.

[0050] In this embodiment, during assembly, the traditional sound - absorbing material 5 can be pasted on the surface of the acoustic meta - material board 4, or there can be a cavity layer with a certain thickness between the traditional sound - absorbing material 5 and the acoustic meta - material board 4.

[0051] In this embodiment, when specifying the thickness of the assembly space of the specified meta - composite sound - absorbing component, the thickness of each acoustic meta - unit constituting the acoustic meta - material board 4 can be different, and the traditional sound - absorbing material layer 5 covering its surface can also be uneven in thickness accordingly. The acoustic meta - unit and the traditional sound - absorbing material layer 5 form a nested assembly.

[0052] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any other form. Any person skilled in the relevant art may use the technical content disclosed above to make changes or modifications into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the technical content of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lightweight composite acoustic metamaterial barrier sound-absorbing panel, characterized in that, Comprising a screen body housing and a metamaterial composite sound-absorbing member inserted inside the screen body housing; The described metamaterial composite sound-absorbing member includes a metamaterial acoustic plate (4) and a traditional sound-absorbing material plate (5); the metamaterial acoustic plate (4) is installed on the side of the screen body housing away from the sound source; on the surface of the metamaterial acoustic plate (4) facing the sound source, there are metamaterial sound-absorbing holes (4e); The metamaterial acoustic plate (4) for the metamaterial sound barrier is made of a refractory and corrosion-resistant metal thin plate material with a thickness less than 1 mm; The metamaterial acoustic plate (4) is composed of spliced metamaterial units; The thickness of each metamaterial unit in the metamaterial acoustic plate (4) is not exactly the same; The described metamaterial unit includes a metamaterial sound-insulating back plate (4a), a metamaterial front plate (4b), a metamaterial partition (4c), and a metamaterial sound-absorbing cavity (4d); the metamaterial sound-absorbing holes (4e) are arranged on the surface of the metamaterial front plate (4b).

2. The lightweight composite acoustic metamaterial barrier sound-absorbing panel according to claim 1, wherein The described screen body housing includes a sound-insulating back plate (1) and a perforated panel (2) arranged in parallel, and side wall plates (7) for connecting the two; at both ends of the screen body housing, there are also limit keels (3) for fixing the metamaterial composite sound-absorbing member.

3. The lightweight composite acoustic metamaterial barrier sound-absorbing panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, There is a wire mesh (6) with a thickness less than 0.5 mm between the traditional sound-absorbing material plate (5) and the perforated panel (2).

4. The lightweight composite acoustic metamaterial barrier sound-absorbing panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The traditional sound-absorbing material plate (5) is a glass wool board.

5. The lightweight composite acoustic metamaterial barrier sound-absorbing panel according to claim 1, wherein, The cross-section of the metamaterial sound-absorbing hole (4e) is circular or polygonal.

6. The lightweight composite acoustic metamaterial barrier sound-absorbing panel according to claim 1, characterized in that The metamaterial sound-absorbing cavity (4d) is orderly divided by the metamaterial partition (4c) and is distributed in the metamaterial acoustic plate (4) in a series and / or parallel combination.

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