A kitchen waste compost conditioner, a preparation method and a use method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of kitchen waste compost conditioner, preparation method and use method, belong to solid waste treatment technical field, its technical scheme main point is a kind of preparation method of kitchen waste compost conditioner, comprising the following steps: (1) crop straw is cleaned after being pulverized, wherein crop straw is corn, wheat, rice and the like;(2) crop straw obtained in step (1) is infiltrated with alkaline solution or acidic solution and is placed for not less than 12h;(3) the pH of crop straw obtained in step (2) is adjusted to 6.5-8.5;(4) rumen fluid containing rumen bacteria is uniformly mixed with the material obtained in step (3), and is placed for not less than 12h under the condition that the temperature is 35-40℃, wherein the addition amount of rumen fluid is 0.1-3% of the weight of the material;(5) the material treated in step (4) is dried to obtain a kitchen waste compost conditioner, which improves the composting efficiency of kitchen waste.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment, in particular to a kitchen waste compost conditioner, a preparation method and a use method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Kitchen waste is the garbage produced in daily life of residents and food processing, catering service, unit meal service, etc., including discarded vegetable leaves, leftovers, rice, peels, eggshells, tea dregs, etc. The aerobic composting treatment technology can greatly reduce the accumulation of organic solid waste, realize the harmlessness of organic solid waste, and the treatment product is soil organic fertilizer with certain fertility, which is directly used for agricultural production, so as to achieve the purpose of organic solid waste resource. Compared with other organic solid waste disposal technologies such as anaerobic digestion, the aerobic composting technology is simple to operate and more suitable for small and scattered organic solid waste disposal occasions in county towns, towns and rural areas, etc. Therefore, the aerobic composting disposal technology is a very promising kitchen waste resource treatment method. However, there are some problems in directly using the aerobic composting method for kitchen waste disposal. Because the kitchen waste has the characteristics of high water content, low C / N ratio and easy spoilage, when the kitchen waste is directly treated by the aerobic composting method, the high water content (the water content of kitchen waste is generally more than 80%) will affect the utilization of oxygen by aerobic bacteria during the composting process, and in severe cases, an anaerobic environment will be formed, causing acidification and odor of kitchen waste and leading to composting failure. In addition, the low C / N ratio of kitchen waste does not meet the requirements of aerobic composting for carbon-nitrogen ratio, and directly using aerobic composting will reduce the composting efficiency and affect the maturity and fertilizer quality. SUMMARY

[0003] In order to improve the composting efficiency of kitchen waste, the present application provides a kitchen waste compost conditioner, a preparation method and a use method.

[0004] The first aspect of the present application provides a preparation method of a kitchen waste compost conditioner, which adopts the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a kitchen waste compost conditioner, comprising the following steps:

[0005] (1) cleaning and crushing crop straws, wherein the crop straws are corn, wheat, rice, etc.;

[0006] (2) soaking the crop straws obtained in step (1) with an alkaline solution or an acidic solution and standing for not less than 12 hours;

[0007] (3) adjusting the pH of the crop straws obtained in step (2) to 6.5-8.5;

[0008] (4) Mix the rumen fluid containing rumen bacteria with the material obtained in step (3) evenly, keep it sealed and heated at a temperature of 35-40℃ and let it stand for a reaction of no less than 12 hours, wherein the amount of rumen fluid added is 0.1-3% of the weight of the material.

[0009] (5) Dry the material processed in step (4) to obtain the kitchen waste composting conditioner.

[0010] Preferably, in step (1), the particle size of the crushed crop straw is no greater than 10 mm.

[0011] Preferably, the alkaline solution used in step (2) is an aqueous solution prepared from one or more of sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, and urea, and the mass concentration of the alkaline solution is 0.1-5%.

[0012] Preferably, the acidic solution used in step (2) is an aqueous solution prepared from one or more of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, oxalic acid, formic acid, and acetic acid, and the mass concentration of the acidic solution is 0.1-10%.

[0013] Preferably, the materials in steps (2) and (4) are stirred during the static reaction period, and the stirring cycle is 2-12 hours.

[0014] Preferably, the bacterial concentration in the rumen fluid is greater than 10. 6 Protozoan count / mL, protozoan concentration must be greater than 10. 4 The fungal count concentration must be greater than 10⁶ / mL. 4 per mL.

[0015] Preferably, the moisture content of the kitchen waste composting conditioner obtained in step (6) is 10-40%.

[0016] A second aspect of the present invention is to provide a kitchen waste composting conditioner obtained by the preparation method of the above-described kitchen waste composting conditioner.

[0017] A third aspect of the present invention provides a method for using a kitchen waste composting conditioner, comprising the following steps:

[0018] (1) After draining excess water and oil from the kitchen waste, the water content of the kitchen waste should not exceed 85%. Remove plastic bags, paper scraps and large pieces of bone from the kitchen waste.

[0019] (2) crushing the kitchen waste treated in step (1), and then adding the kitchen waste compost conditioner obtained above to stir uniformly, wherein the mass ratio of the kitchen waste compost conditioner to the kitchen waste is 1:(1-5), the water content of the material is adjusted to 45-75%, and the C / N ratio is adjusted to (15-35):1;

[0020] (3) using the material obtained in step (2) to carry out composting treatment by using an aerobic composting process, wherein the aerobic composting process includes static intermittent ventilation type, static strip cutting type, forced ventilation groove type, and forced ventilation rotary drum type.

[0021] In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects: the agricultural organic solid waste such as corn, wheat, and rice has a huge production in China, and the crop straw has the advantages of low water content, high organic matter content, low cost, and easy availability, and thus can be used as a source of the conditioner for the aerobic composting of the kitchen waste, which can effectively solve the problems of high water content and low C / N ratio of the kitchen waste when directly subjected to aerobic composting. However, the crop straw is composed of plant cells, and the plant cells are wrapped by a thick wall to form a plant cell wall, and the chemical composition of the plant cell wall includes cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, silicon dioxide, pectin, and wax, etc., and these substances are difficult to be degraded by microorganisms. Therefore, the crop straw is crushed in the present application, which can increase the contact area of the crop straw with the acidic solution or the alkaline solution, and the concentration of the alkaline solution and the acidic solution is further limited in the present application, which can effectively reduce the polymerization degree of the cellulose in the crop straw, so that the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are dissolved and stripped. When the concentration of the alkaline solution or the acidic solution exceeds the highest concentration limited in the present application, it is not conducive to the dissolution and stripping of the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The crop straw treated by the alkaline solution or the acidic solution is further subjected to microbial treatment by the rumen fluid to decompose the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin into organic matter which is easy to be utilized in the aerobic composting process. In addition, after the kitchen waste compost conditioner made of the crop straw is mixed with the kitchen waste, the water content and the C / N ratio in the composting system can be effectively improved, so that the water content in the composting system is adjusted to 45-70%, and the C / N ratio is adjusted to (15-35):1, which can improve the composting efficiency of the kitchen waste and the quality of the final fertilizer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present application will be further described in detail below in combination with examples.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] A preparation method of a kitchen waste compost conditioner, comprising the following steps:

[0025] (1) corn, wheat, rice and other crop straw clean after crushing, the particle size of the crushed crop straw is 10 mm;

[0026] (2) the crop straw obtained by crushing in step (1) is soaked with a 0.1% sodium hydroxide solution and left to react for 12 h, and the crop straw in the standing process is stirred every 2 h;

[0027] (3) the pH of the crop straw obtained in step (2) is adjusted to 6.5;

[0028] (4) the rumen fluid containing rumen bacteria is mixed with the material obtained in step (3) uniformly, wherein the addition amount of the rumen fluid is 0.1% of the weight of the material, then it is closed and incubated at a temperature of 35℃ and left to react for 12 h, and the crop straw in the standing process is stirred every 2 h; wherein the rumen fluid is taken from the rumen of a ruminant, the concentration of bacteria in the rumen fluid is 10 7 / mL, the concentration of protozoa needs to be 10 5 / mL, and the concentration of fungi needs to be 10 5 / mL, and the rumen fluid needs to be stored in an anaerobic environment;

[0029] (6) the material treated in step (5) is naturally air-dried or oven-dried to keep the moisture content of the material at 10%, and a kitchen waste compost conditioner is obtained.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] A preparation method of a kitchen waste compost conditioner, comprising the following steps:

[0032] (1) corn, wheat, rice and other crop straw clean after crushing, the particle size of the crushed crop straw is 5 mm;

[0033] (2) the crop straw obtained by crushing in step (1) is soaked with a 0.1% sulfuric acid solution and left to react for 48 h, and the crop straw in the standing process is stirred every 6 h;

[0034] (3) the pH of the crop straw obtained in step (2) is adjusted to 7.0;

[0035] (4) the rumen fluid containing rumen bacteria is mixed with the material obtained in step (4) uniformly, wherein the addition amount of the rumen fluid is 0.1% of the weight of the material, then it is closed and incubated at a temperature of 35℃ and left to react for 96 h, and the crop straw in the standing process is stirred every 6 h; wherein the rumen fluid is taken from the rumen of a ruminant, the concentration of bacteria in the rumen fluid is 10 7 / mL, the concentration of protozoa needs to be 105 10 5 10

[0036] (5) The material treated in step (4) is naturally air-dried or oven-dried to keep the moisture content of the material at 25%, i.e. to obtain the kitchen waste compost conditioner.

[0037] Example 3

[0038] A preparation method of a kitchen waste compost conditioner comprises the following steps:

[0039] (1) The crop straw such as corn, wheat, and rice is cleaned and crushed, and the particle size of the crushed crop straw is 8 mm;

[0040] (2) The crop straw obtained by crushing in step (1) is soaked with a sodium hydroxide solution with a mass concentration of 5% and is left to react for 96 h, and the crop straw in the standing process is turned over once every 12 h;

[0041] (3) The pH of the crop straw obtained in step (2) is adjusted to 8.5;

[0042] (4) The rumen fluid containing rumen bacteria is uniformly mixed with the material obtained in step (4), wherein the addition amount of the rumen fluid is 1% of the weight of the material, and then the closed incubation is left to react at a temperature of 40℃ for 192 h, and the crop straw in the standing process is turned over once every 8 h; wherein the rumen fluid is the rumen of a ruminant, the bacterial concentration in the rumen fluid needs to be 10 7 10 5 10 5 10

[0043] (5) The material treated in step (4) is naturally air-dried or oven-dried to keep the moisture content of the material at 30%, i.e. to obtain the kitchen waste compost conditioner.

[0044] Example 4

[0045] A preparation method of a kitchen waste compost conditioner comprises the following steps:

[0046] (1) The crop straw such as corn, wheat, and rice is cleaned and crushed, and the particle size of the crushed crop straw is 10 mm;

[0047] (2) The crop straw obtained by crushing in step (1) is soaked with a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 10% and is left to react for 24 h, and the crop straw in the standing process is turned over once every 12 h;

[0048] (3) adjusting the pH of the crop straw obtained in step (2) to 8.5;

[0049] (4) mixing the rumen fluid containing rumen bacteria with the material obtained in step (4) uniformly, wherein the amount of the rumen fluid added is 3% of the weight of the material, then incubating and standing at a temperature of 40°C for 24h, while the crop straw is stirred every 12h during the standing process; wherein the rumen fluid is obtained from the rumen of a ruminant, and the concentration of bacteria, protozoa and fungi in the rumen fluid is 10 7 , 10 5 and 10 5 mL respectively, and the rumen fluid is stored in an anaerobic environment;

[0050] (5) naturally air-drying or drying the material treated in step (4) to keep the moisture content of the material at 40%, thereby obtaining the kitchen waste compost conditioner.

[0051] Comparative Example 1

[0052] A method for preparing a kitchen waste compost conditioner, which is different from Example 1 in that an equal amount of microbial agent is used instead of the rumen fluid containing rumen bacteria, wherein the microbial agent is a mixture of Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus subtilis obtained in a ratio of 0.7:1, and both Bacillus coagulans and Bacillus subtilis are purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, and the others are the same as in Example 1.

[0053] Comparative Example 2

[0054] A method for preparing a kitchen waste compost conditioner, which is different from Example 1 in that an equal amount of commercially available activated sludge is used instead of the rumen fluid containing rumen bacteria, and the others are the same as in Example 1.

[0055] The kitchen waste compost conditioner prepared in the above examples is applied in the treatment of kitchen waste, as follows:

[0056] A method for using a kitchen waste compost conditioner, comprising the following steps:

[0057] (1) draining the excess water and floating oil from the kitchen waste, wherein the moisture content of the kitchen waste is 85%, and removing plastic bags, paper scraps and large bones from the kitchen waste;

[0058] (2) crushing the kitchen waste treated in step (1), then adding the kitchen waste compost conditioner obtained in Example 1 above and stirring uniformly, wherein the mass ratio of the kitchen waste compost conditioner to the kitchen waste is 1:1, and the moisture content of the material is adjusted to 45%, and the C / N ratio is 15:1;

[0059] (3) The material obtained in step (2) is subjected to composting treatment by aerobic composting process, specifically, the material obtained in step (2) is naturally stacked, the stack height is controlled to be 1 m, within 3-5 days, when the temperature of the garbage pile rises to above 75℃ and does not rise any more, the pile is turned over, within the next 3-5 days, when the temperature does not rise any more, the pile is turned over again, and the cycle is repeated, during which the highest temperature after each turning over of the garbage pile is maintained to be above 70℃, until the temperature cannot be maintained any more.

[0060] Application Example 2

[0061] A method for using a kitchen waste compost conditioner, comprising the following steps:

[0062] (1) After draining the excess water and floating oil in the kitchen waste, the water content in the kitchen waste is 80%, and the plastic bags, paper scraps, and large bones in the kitchen waste are removed;

[0063] (2) The kitchen waste treated in step (1) is crushed, and then the kitchen waste compost conditioner obtained in the above embodiment 1 is added and stirred uniformly, wherein the mass ratio of the kitchen waste compost conditioner to the kitchen waste is 1:3, the water content of the material is adjusted to 68%, and the C / N ratio is 25:1;

[0064] (3) The material obtained in step (2) is subjected to composting treatment by aerobic composting process, specifically, the material obtained in step (2) is naturally stacked, the stack height is controlled to be 1 m, within 3-5 days, when the temperature of the garbage pile rises to above 75℃ and does not rise any more, the pile is turned over, within the next 3-5 days, when the temperature does not rise any more, the pile is turned over again, and the cycle is repeated, during which the highest temperature after each turning over of the garbage pile is maintained to be above 70℃, until the temperature cannot be maintained any more.

[0065] Application Example 3

[0066] A method for using a kitchen waste compost conditioner, comprising the following steps:

[0067] (1) After draining the excess water and floating oil in the kitchen waste, the water content in the kitchen waste is 83%, and the plastic bags, paper scraps, and large bones in the kitchen waste are removed;

[0068] (2) The kitchen waste treated in step (1) is crushed, and then the kitchen waste compost conditioner obtained in the above embodiment 1 is added and stirred uniformly, wherein the mass ratio of the kitchen waste compost conditioner to the kitchen waste is 1:5, the water content of the material is adjusted to 70%, and the C / N ratio is adjusted to 35:1;

[0069] (3) the material obtained in step (2) is subjected to composting treatment by using aerobic composting process, specifically, the material obtained in step (2) is naturally stacked, the height of the stack is controlled to be 1 m, and the stack is turned over when the temperature of the stack rises to above 75℃ and does not rise any more within 3-5 days, and then the stack is turned over again when the temperature does not rise any more within the next 3-5 days, and the cycle is repeated, during which the highest temperature of the stack after each turning over is maintained to be above 70℃ until the temperature cannot be maintained any more.

[0070] Application Example 4

[0071] A method for using a kitchen waste compost conditioner, which is different from that of application example 1 in that the kitchen waste compost conditioner obtained in example 2 is used, and the other steps are the same as those of application example 1.

[0072] Application Example 5

[0073] A method for using a kitchen waste compost conditioner, which is different from that of application example 1 in that the kitchen waste compost conditioner obtained in example 3 is used, and the other steps are the same as those of application example 1.

[0074] Application Example 6

[0075] A method for using a kitchen waste compost conditioner, which is different from that of application example 1 in that the kitchen waste compost conditioner obtained in example 4 is used, and the other steps are the same as those of application example 1.

[0076] Comparative Application Example 1

[0077] A method for using a kitchen waste compost conditioner, which is different from that of application example 1 in that the kitchen waste compost conditioner obtained in comparative example 1 is used, and the other steps are the same as those of application example 1.

[0078] Comparative Application Example 2

[0079] A method for using a kitchen waste compost conditioner, which is different from that of application example 1 in that the kitchen waste compost conditioner obtained in comparative example 2 is used, and the other steps are the same as those of application example 1.

[0080] Comparative Example

[0081] A method for using a kitchen waste compost conditioner, which is different from that of application example 1 in that no kitchen waste compost conditioner is added in step (2), the C / N ratio is about 10:1, and the other steps are the same as those of application example 1.

[0082] Performance Test

[0083] The total nutrient content, organic matter content, water content, seed germination index of the organic fertilizer obtained by composting the application examples 1-6 and the comparative application examples 1-2 were detected, and the total nutrient content was the total mass fraction of N+P2O5+K2O, and the detection results are shown in Table 1, wherein the detection standard is according to the relevant provisions in NY / T525-2021.

[0084] Table 1: Organic fertilizer detection results

[0085]

[0086] From Table 1, it can be seen that:

[0087] When the kitchen waste compost conditioner obtained by the application is applied to the composting process of kitchen waste, the organic matter content, total nutrient content, seed germination index, and ascarid egg mortality rate of the organic fertilizer obtained by application examples 1-6 are all better than those in the organic fertilizer obtained by the control example, and the fecal coliform group content in the application is also much lower than that in the control example, which shows that when the kitchen waste conditioner obtained by the application is applied to the kitchen waste treatment, not only the organic matter content and total nutrient content of the obtained organic fertilizer are high, but also the seed germination index is high, which shows that when the kitchen waste conditioner obtained by the application is used for the composting of kitchen waste, the degree of maturity of kitchen waste is relatively high, thereby effectively ensuring the processing efficiency of kitchen waste.

[0088] When the microbial agent and activated sludge are used to replace the rumen fluid containing rumen bacteria to prepare the kitchen waste compost conditioner, the organic matter content, total nutrient content, seed germination index, and ascarid egg mortality rate of the organic fertilizer obtained by the comparative application example 1-2 are all greatly reduced, which shows that the degree of maturity of the organic fertilizer obtained by the comparative application example 1-2 is relatively low, and the processing efficiency of kitchen waste is low.

[0089] The embodiments of the specific embodiment are the preferred embodiments of the application, and do not limit the protection scope of the application, so that: any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, principle of the application should be covered within the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A method of preparing a kitchen waste compost conditioner, characterized by: It comprises the following steps: (1) the crop straw is cleaned and crushed; (2) the crop straw obtained in step (1) is soaked with an alkaline solution or an acidic solution and is allowed to stand for not less than 12 hours; the alkaline solution has a mass concentration of 0.1-5%, and the acidic solution has a mass concentration of 0.1-10%; (3) the pH of the crop straw obtained in step (2) is adjusted to 6.5-8.5; (4) mixing the rumen fluid containing rumen bacteria with the material obtained in step (3) uniformly, and incubating at a temperature of 35-40°C in a closed state for not less than 12 hours, wherein the amount of the rumen fluid added is 0.1-3% of the weight of the material, the concentration of the bacteria in the rumen fluid is greater than 10 6 / mL, the concentration of protozoa is greater than 10 4 / mL, and the concentration of fungi is greater than 10 4 / mL; (5) collecting the material obtained in step (4) and drying to obtain the feed additive. (5) the material treated in step (4) is dried to obtain the kitchen waste compost conditioner.

2. The method for preparing a composting conditioner for kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the particle size of the crushed crop straw is not more than 10 mm.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: adding a food waste compost conditioner to the food waste composting system. The alkaline solution used in step (2) is an aqueous solution prepared by using one or more than two of sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate and urea.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: adding a food waste compost conditioner to the food waste. The acidic solution used in step (2) is an aqueous solution prepared by using one or more than two of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, oxalic acid, formic acid and acetic acid.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: adding a food waste compost conditioner to the food waste composting system. The material in step (2) and step (4) is turned over during the standing reaction, and the turning over period is 2-12 hours.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: adding a food waste compost conditioner to the food waste. The kitchen waste compost conditioner obtained in step (5) has a water content of 10-40%.

7. A kitchen waste compost conditioner obtained by the method of any one of claims 1-6.

8. A method of using a kitchen waste compost conditioner, characterized by, It comprises the following steps: (1) after draining the excess water and floating oil in the kitchen waste, the water content in the kitchen waste should be not more than 85%, and the plastic bags, paper scraps and large bones in the kitchen waste are removed; (2) the kitchen waste treated in step (1) is crushed, and then the kitchen waste compost conditioner obtained in claim 7 is added and stirred uniformly, wherein the mass ratio of the kitchen waste compost conditioner to the kitchen waste is 1:(1-5); (3) the material obtained in step (2) is subjected to composting treatment by using the aerobic composting process.

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