Device for separating a substance to be administered

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) for separating a feed material (2), which is preferably a mixed material flow, in particular commercial waste, household waste, bulky waste, mixed construction waste, construction rubble, biological waste, waste wood, roll-shaped material and / or film material which tends to form rolls, into at least an oversize fraction (3) and an undersize fraction (4), said device comprising a separating platform (9) having a plurality of screw shafts (7) arranged next to one another. According to the invention, the last screw shaft (12) of the separating platform (9) in terms of the feed of the feed material (2) to the separating platform (9) is assigned a guide device (11) for discharging the oversize fraction (3) substantially in the longitudinal direction (L) of the last screw shaft (12) and below the last screw shaft (12).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a device for separating a feed material by means of multiple spiral shafts arranged side by side.

[0002] A screw shaft, also known as a worm shaft, is ultimately a rotating element mounted to rotate about an axis of rotation. The screw shaft forms a separation platform for separating the fed material.

[0003] Different mixed material streams can be used as feed materials to be separated. These mixed material streams include commercial waste, domestic waste, bulky waste, mixed construction waste, construction debris, biological waste, waste wood, rolled materials and / or feed materials that tend to be rolled, especially foil materials that tend to be rolled.

[0004] This invention relates particularly to the technical field of sorting and / or classifying feed materials, and especially to the field of waste separation. The feed material is cleaned and / or sufficiently precisely separated into different fractions, enabling the different fractions to be used directly or fed to different post-processing steps. For example, larger or elongated fractions can be separated from smaller particles and / or components of the feed material.

[0005] In the context of this invention, the term "separation" includes classification and sorting. In this context, classification is understood as a mechanical separation process of a solid mixture, wherein different geometric characteristics, such as size, are used in the separation process. In this process, substances can be separated into coarse substances and fine substances, etc. In this context, sorting is understood as a mechanical separation process in which a solid mixture with different material properties is separated into portions having the same material properties. Suitable criteria for sorting include, for example, the density, color, shape, and wettability or magnetization of the feed material. Therefore, the term separation in this invention includes the separation of the feed material, such that it can be divided into different portions. In most cases, such separation is used for preparing recycled materials or for classifying substances that are at least substantially solid. Background Technology

[0006] An apparatus for sorting substantially solid material is known from EP 1 570 919 B1, wherein so-called helical rollers rotate as rotating elements about their longitudinal axis. Thus, the helical rollers are arranged parallel to each other in approximately a plane. Furthermore, the helical rollers are mounted on only one side, engaging each other and having the same direction of rotation. In this known apparatus, the feed material is fed laterally to the longitudinal axis of the helical rollers. The apparatus known from EP 1 570 919 B1 is designed to separate the material to be sorted into two parts above the helical rollers: long parts and cubic parts. A third part can be separated below the helical rollers, and this third part comprises, for example, fine particles of the feed material. In the sorting and / or separation of waste, the fine material may include soil or clay. Discharging at least a portion above the helical rolling elements can be done via an open side transverse to the longitudinal axis of the helical rolling elements, since these helical rolling elements are mounted on only one side.

[0007] The disadvantages of the separation device known from EP 1 570 919 B1 are that, in particular, feed materials that tend to coil, such as rolled materials and / or membrane materials, cannot be adequately separated. Specifically, the membrane material cannot be separated accordingly, which degrades the separation effect. Furthermore, the membrane material tends to entangle itself around the various helical rollers and must then be manually separated. This necessitates stopping the operation of the separation device, resulting in higher maintenance and operating costs and reduced efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for separation in which the separation process is improved.

[0009] The aforementioned objective is achieved by an apparatus according to the invention for separating a feed material into at least oversized and undersized portions, preferably a mixed material stream, particularly commercial waste, domestic waste, bulky waste, mixed construction waste, gravel, biological waste, waste wood, rolled material, and / or membrane material that tends to curl. The apparatus has multiple helical shafts arranged side-by-side. These adjacent helical shafts form a separation platform; the helical shafts may also be referred to as helical shafts and / or helical rollers.

[0010] According to the invention, the final auger shaft of the separation platform is provided with a guiding device for discharging the material onto the separation platform. This guiding device is used to discharge the excessively large portion substantially along the longitudinal direction of the auger shaft, and to discharge the excessively large portion below the final auger shaft, preferably directly below it. In this context, the term "excessively large portion" refers to at least a portion of the excessively large particles.

[0011] Preferably, the final helical shaft is also the final helical shaft in most of the conveying directions.

[0012] Specifically, the guiding device is designed to allow the majority of oversized particles to be discharged at the final spiral shaft. Therefore, the guiding device not only "captures" the majority of oversized particles impacting the final spiral shaft, but also interacts with the final spiral shaft to allow the discharge of oversized particles and / or the majority of oversized particles via the guiding device.

[0013] Preferably, the guiding device surrounds the final helical axis in at least some areas and / or surrounds the helical axis in at least some areas. In particular, the guiding device surrounds the final helical axis on the underside, that is, on the underside opposite to the ground where the separating device is arranged.

[0014] The guiding device can also form an abutment for oversized particles that impact the final auger shaft. Ultimately, the oversized particles conveyed to the final auger shaft can impact the guiding device and be contained between the guiding device and the final auger shaft, so that the oversized particles initially still above the final auger shaft are conveyed by the rotation of the final auger shaft and by impacting the guiding device to the area below the final auger shaft, allowing the oversized particles to then be discharged below the final auger shaft via the guiding device. Therefore, in particular, the oversized particles can be discharged at least partially below the final auger shaft by means of the guiding device, and preferably directly below the final auger shaft.

[0015] Finally, oversized particles can be deflected through the interaction between the guiding device and the final helical shaft, i.e., deflected from above the helical shaft and / or above the separation platform plane to the region below the helical shaft. In this way, preferably, a deflection of about 180° can be achieved, particularly with respect to the transport direction of the oversized material.

[0016] Therefore, the guiding device greatly simplifies the removal of oversized particles impacting the final spiral shaft. Because of the guiding device, there is no need for conveyor belts or similar equipment to remove such oversized material. However, conveyor belts or similar equipment can, in principle, be used if necessary.

[0017] Furthermore, the guiding device offers another significant advantage. The spiral shafts are specifically designed to have an outer helical portion and / or a spiral portion. Therefore, spiral shafts arranged directly adjacent to each other can provide a self-cleaning effect through the interlocking of their helical portions. However, this self-cleaning effect does not exist for the last spiral shaft. In known spiral shaft platforms, the last spiral shaft is ultimately cleaned only on "one side" by the penultimate spiral shaft, i.e., by the spiral shaft immediately adjacent to the last spiral shaft. No additional self-cleaning helical portion is provided on the other side. By arranging and / or distributing the guiding device according to the invention for the last spiral shaft, the cleaning effect of the last spiral shaft can also be reliably ensured.

[0018] According to the present invention, a simple and efficient material deflection is achieved. Furthermore, as mentioned above, due to the interaction between the guiding device and the final helical shaft, a self-cleaning effect of the final helical shaft can be ensured, allowing feed material that is particularly prone to curling and can be separated from the helical rolling elements through this self-cleaning action to be conveyed away from the final helical shaft.

[0019] As mentioned earlier, in the case of a helical shaft, in particular, the helical shaft has a core tube and a helical portion extending around the core tube in a helical manner, which can also be called a helical portion.

[0020] Furthermore, the helical shafts can be arranged parallel to each other, preferably meshing with each other and / or interlocking. This meshing arrangement of the helical shafts allows for the separation of the fed material. In this case, it is preferable that the helical portions and / or helical sections of adjacent helical shafts mesh with each other.

[0021] According to the present invention, the device is provided with a plurality of helical shafts for separation, wherein the device includes at least two helical shafts, preferably 2 to 30 helical shafts, more preferably 3 to 25 helical shafts, and even more preferably 5 to 20 helical shafts.

[0022] This invention can also significantly simplify and improve the separation process, i.e., the classification and sorting process, particularly because it ensures that oversized particles impacting the final helical shaft are easily discharged along the axial direction of the final helical shaft and / or coaxial with it. This also leads to improved separation results, i.e., classification and / or sorting results.

[0023] Furthermore, the degree of separation, which characterizes separation efficiency, can be significantly improved. In particular, this degree of separation can be improved by at least 20% compared to existing technologies, which translates to higher processing quality.

[0024] In this context, it is understandable that the separation of the feed material does not necessarily involve the crushing of the feed material, and therefore can also effectively separate non-crushable materials and / or feed materials. The materials to be separated can be so-called cable bundles, tangled composite materials, and construction debris containing pipes or cables.

[0025] In particular, the apparatus according to the invention can avoid costly pre-sorting and / or pre-treatment of the feed material, since the feed material can be completely separated by the separation device.

[0026] Furthermore, the separation device can of course be connected to and / or distributed to the crushing device. For example, materials that have already been crushed by the crushing device can be fed to the separation device via a corresponding conveying device, particularly a conveyor belt.

[0027] The separation device can also be arranged as fixed or movable.

[0028] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the guide device is provided with a stop wall serving as a stop for the oversized portion, the stop wall being adjacent to and extending along the final helical shaft in the feeding direction. In this case, it is understood that not all of the oversized portion must be conveyed to the final helical shaft. Therefore, components of the oversized portion can also be discharged via the free, unsupported end of the helical shaft. In particular, the helical shaft is supported only on one side, allowing the oversized portion or additional oversized portions to be discharged via the open end of the helical shaft. At least a portion of the oversized portion is conveyed to the final helical shaft. The following and above discussion of the interaction between this portion of the oversized portion and the guide device and the final helical shaft relates to this portion of the oversized portion.

[0029] In addition, the stop wall can also be used as an abutment for the final spiral shaft and / or for oversized material being conveyed to the final spiral shaft, such that by abutting against the stop wall, the oversized portion is contained between the stop wall and the final spiral shaft, and is deflected and / or conveyed below the final spiral shaft by the rotation of the final spiral shaft, and can then be discharged via a guide device.

[0030] Preferably, the guiding device has a discharge area disposed below the stop wall and extending into a region located below the final auger shaft for collecting and discharging the excess portion of the material. The discharge area is positioned below the final auger shaft such that excess material conveyed to the discharge area by impact with the stop wall can also be discharged via the discharge area to the open end and / or discharge end of the auger shaft. Therefore, the discharge area ensures the discharge of the excess portion of the material.

[0031] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the stop wall and / or discharge region extend at least substantially along the length of the final helical shaft. Preferably, the stop wall and the discharge region extend along the entire length of the final helical shaft extending in the longitudinal direction of the final helical shaft. Therefore, the operation of the discharge region and the stop wall can be achieved along the entire length of the helical shaft.

[0032] In another preferred embodiment, the stop wall protrudes beyond the top of the final helical shaft, and / or the top edge of the stop wall protrudes beyond the inner diameter of the final helical shaft, preferably at least 30 cm, preferably at least 50 cm, and more preferably at least 100 cm. The inner diameter of the final helical shaft can be understood as referring to the outer diameter of the final helical shaft, which may include a helical portion in addition to the core tube. Therefore, the stop wall specifically protrudes not only above the core tube of the final helical shaft but also above the helical portion of the final helical shaft, particularly protruding at least 50 cm. This design also allows for the reliable discharge of larger, oversized particles via a guiding device.

[0033] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, a net distance greater than 1 cm is specified between the stop wall and the auger shaft. Preferably, this net distance is between 1 cm and 50 cm, and more preferably, it is between 2 cm and 10 cm. In this regard, it can also be specified that the distance between the stop wall and the auger shaft can be adjusted via a corresponding setting device. Adjusting the gap width may be appropriate to respond to the specific characteristics of a particular feed material. Furthermore, the aforementioned distance between the final auger shaft and the stop wall according to the invention allows the guide device and / or the stop wall to form the aforementioned contact, thereby ensuring the aforementioned cleaning function.

[0034] The discharge zone may have a longitudinal edge facing the penultimate spiral axis. This outer longitudinal edge may extend in the longitudinal direction of the final spiral axis and may be arranged between the final and penultimate spiral axes. Specifically, the outer longitudinal edge of the discharge zone is arranged such that the discharge zone at least partially surrounds and / or encloses the final spiral axis on its underside. In this case, the external shape of the discharge zone may be adapted to the shape of the final spiral axis, and it is understood that sufficient distance must be provided between the discharge zone and the spiral axis to accommodate the separated feed material. Furthermore, the outer longitudinal edge of the discharge zone may extend into the region of the penultimate spiral axis, and particularly along the entire length of the penultimate spiral axis. By extending the outer longitudinal edge into the region of the penultimate spiral axis, it is also ensured that excessively large particles discharged via the discharge zone do not enter the region of the penultimate spiral axis and / or do not impair the rotation of the penultimate spiral axis. This design also prevents the accidental premature discharge of material located in the discharge zone.

[0035] Particularly preferably, the outer longitudinal edge of the discharge region extends parallel to the axis of rotation of the penultimate helical axis. Furthermore, along the longitudinal direction of the final helical axis, the outer longitudinal edge can be at a constant distance from the penultimate helical axis.

[0036] Preferably, the discharge region is channel-shaped, and in particular, the discharge region has a cross-section that is at least partially, preferably completely, arcuate. The channel shape of the discharge region ensures the effective and safe discharge of oversized particles below the final helical shaft, after which the oversized particles can be removed from the separation device via the discharge channel. Preferably, the arcuate shape of the discharge region conforms to the cross-sectional shape of the penultimate helical shaft and / or the final helical shaft. The curved shape of the discharge region specifically causes the outer longitudinal edge to extend parallel to the axis of rotation of the penultimate helical shaft and simultaneously enclose the lower side of the final helical shaft.

[0037] In particular, at least in some areas, the discharge region may be tapered in shape. In the context of this invention, this shape can also be described as a tapered element. Specifically, the net distance from the lowest point of the discharge region to the axis of rotation of the final helical shaft increases due to the tapered shape of the discharge region from the supported end of the final helical shaft to the discharge end and / or the free end of the helical shaft. In other words, this means that the discharge channel of the discharge region becomes larger towards the discharge end.

[0038] Preferably, the net distance of the final helical shaft in the direction perpendicular to the lowest point of the discharge area increases along the length of the final helical shaft toward the discharge end of the final helical shaft (i.e., starting from the support end). Specifically, the increase is linear and / or strictly monotonic. In particular, a linearly increasing distance is provided.

[0039] Preferably, the distance is increased such that the discharge areas are linearly spaced further from the helical portion of the final helical shaft towards the discharge ends. This allows oversized particles discharged via the discharge areas to be easily discharged and / or ejected via the discharge ends of the helical shaft, i.e., the non-supported ends.

[0040] Furthermore, it can be specified that the gradient of the net distance and / or minimum distance from the discharge area to the axis of rotation of the final spiral shaft has a gradient angle of at least 0.3°, preferably between 0.5° and 10°, more preferably between 1° and 5°. Particularly preferably, the gradient is between 0.5% and 3%, and more preferably between 1.5% and 2.5%. The gradient specifically refers to the minimum distance from the lowest point of the discharge area to the spiral portion of the final spiral shaft and / or to the outer edge of the spiral portion of the final spiral shaft. Due to the gradient of the aforementioned order of magnitude, it can be reliably ensured that oversized materials are discharged.

[0041] Furthermore, in a particularly preferred embodiment, the guiding device and / or discharge area, along with the stop wall, are designed as a single piece. A single-piece design should be specifically understood as such that the guiding device or discharge area, together with the stop wall, constitutes a component that is entirely of one piece or composed of several parts, and is particularly made of a common material.

[0042] Specifically, the stop walls and / or discharge zones are impermeable to the oversized portion. Therefore, it is particularly desirable that the stop walls and / or discharge zones be formed as sheets and / or plates. Alternatively, a mesh structure can also be provided. However, this mesh structure is selected such that the mesh size and / or mesh size is smaller than the average particle size of the oversized portion. Finally, the stop walls and / or discharge zones are specifically designed to prevent oversized particles from passing through them.

[0043] Furthermore, in a particularly preferred embodiment, the guiding device can be designed as a channel-shaped one-piece guide plate located on the underside of the final helical shaft.

[0044] Preferably, the helical shaft has at least one support journal and / or a continuous support device arranged inside the core tube on its end face at at least one end. This continuous support device is particularly a support tube. The support journal and / or support device can be used to support the helical shaft. In particular, the helical shaft can be supported at only one end and driven at the supported end. The opposite end face can form the discharge end of the helical shaft, as previously described.

[0045] Furthermore, the device may have a machine frame. The screw shaft may be rotatably mounted on the machine frame. A guide device may also be arranged on the machine frame, preferably in a detachable manner, particularly in a force-locking manner. Preferably, the guide device is screwed and / or riveted and / or welded to the machine frame.

[0046] Preferably, the screw shaft is installed in a flexible manner on one side. This flexible installation allows for avoidance of movement, meaning that if the feed material becomes clogged in the sieve gaps between the screw shafts, the avoidance movement can expel the clogged material. This prevents machine damage and ensures the long-term and safe use of the entire device.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, the adjustable sieve gap can also specify the separation size of particles that are too small and / or the portion that are too small.

[0048] With the screw shaft supported on one side, the stored end is supported in the corresponding mounting. Excess material can be discharged via the free end of the screw shaft, preventing it from falling into the supported area and potentially causing contamination or even damage to that area. Preferably, the conveying direction is designed such that the feed material is transported away from the mounting and / or support and / or support point, minimizing the amount of feed material reaching the supported area.

[0049] Furthermore, the separation platform can be configured such that: the undersized portion is separated below the separation platform and facing the ground, and the oversized portion is separated above the separation platform, and both the undersized portion and the oversized portion are discharged downwards after separation.

[0050] In another particularly preferred embodiment, the device is designed to separate the material into at least three parts. In the case of separation into at least three parts, it should be understood that, in addition to the conveying direction of the oversized portion, an additional conveying direction related to the other parts may be provided. The undersized portion and / or the portion discharged below the auger shaft has a downward-pointing additional conveying direction. A third portion, which may form an additional oversized portion, may be deposited above the separation platform and has an additional conveying direction inclined relative to the conveying direction. In particular, the third portion and / or the components of the additional oversized portion will at least substantially not reach the final auger shaft. Specifically, only a portion of the oversized portion reaches the final auger shaft.

[0051] Depending on the material being fed, the conveying direction of the portion exceeding the size limit can be arranged to be inclined relative to the axis of rotation of the auger shaft, preferably at an angle between 40° and 90°, more preferably at an angle between 60° and 80°. Another conveying direction of the portion exceeding the size limit can also be arranged to be inclined relative to the axis of rotation of the auger shaft, and preferably includes an angle between 10° and 80°, preferably between 20° and 60°. Furthermore, another conveying direction can also be arranged to be inclined relative to the conveying direction of the portion exceeding the size limit. Preferably, the conveying direction of the portion exceeding the size limit is orthogonal to the axis of rotation of the auger shaft.

[0052] Specifically, excessively small particles can be separated such that they fall through the space between two adjacent spiral shafts. Preferably, the additional excessively large portion has a shape that is at least substantially elongated. Furthermore, the excessively large portion may have a shape that is at least substantially elongated and / or may be classified as a long portion. In the conveying direction, the excessively small portion is separated along the width of the platform.

[0053] Preferably, the helical shafts are at least substantially the same in design.

[0054] Particles that are too small or / or too large can also be discharged using additional conveying devices, such as conveyor belts, chutes, vibrating chutes, etc. Alternatively or additionally, appropriate collection containers, such as containers, can be provided at the discharge point and / or collection point.

[0055] Preferably, the helical shaft can be constructed to be both reliable and wear-resistant. Incidentally, the core tube can have a configuration that is at least generally cylindrical. Preferably, the core tube has a constant outer diameter along the length of its cylindrical base body. The helical shaft can be made of high-strength steel and / or high-strength plastic, wherein, as a material requirement, safe operation of the device and good separation performance should be ensured. The selection of suitable materials is essentially based on the intended use of the separation device according to the invention, and ensures that the selected material can withstand the high stresses on the helical shaft during operation of the separation device.

[0056] Furthermore, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, each of the helical shafts is specified to have at least substantially the same length and the same outer diameter.

[0057] Specifically, the helical shafts, arranged parallel to each other relative to their axes of rotation, are also arranged parallel to the contact surface and / or parallel to the ground, thus forming a flat and / or planar platform surface that constitutes a separation platform for feeding the feed material. The axes of rotation of the helical shafts can be arranged in a plane, wherein the plane of the helical shafts also defines the plane of the separation platform and thus the area for separating the feed material.

[0058] Furthermore, a feeding device for feeding material can be provided. The feeding device can be arranged and / or designed such that the material is fed laterally to the axis of rotation of the helical shaft, particularly to the helical shaft directly adjacent to the feeding device. The feeding of the material can be configured such that the feeding is also orthogonal to the axis of rotation of the helical shaft. Lateral feeding also includes any feeding direction extending obliquely relative to the axis of rotation of the helical shaft.

[0059] Preferably, the feeding device has at least one feeding device. The feeding device can be designed as a vibrating chute, a conveyor belt, and / or a chute. Furthermore, the feeding speed of the feeding device can be adjustable, allowing different feeding rates of the material to be set on the separation platform of the device.

[0060] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for separating a feed material using an apparatus of the type described above, wherein the separation is performed into at least two parts. According to this method, the feed material and / or at least one part of the feed material may be longitudinally transported in the conveying direction and / or above the screw shaft.

[0061] In the method of the present invention, it can be specified that the excess portion of the material impacting the final spiral shaft can be conveyed away and / or discharged via a guiding device. In this case, the excess portion may first impact and / or collide with a stop wall. The excess portion is then deflected and discharged below the device via a discharge area (located below the final spiral shaft). The excess portion may be discharged at the discharge end of the final spiral shaft, or it may be discharged below the final spiral shaft.

[0062] Preferably, all the helical shafts have the same direction of rotation.

[0063] Furthermore, it is explicitly stated that all the above and below intervals include all intermediate intervals and individual values ​​contained within those intervals, and these intermediate intervals and individual values ​​are considered essential to the invention, even if such intermediate intervals or individual values ​​are not described in detail. Attached Figure Description

[0064] Further features, advantages, and possible applications of the invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments based on the accompanying drawings and the drawings themselves. In this context, all features described and / or illustrated, individually or in any combination, constitute the subject matter of the invention, without regard to the generalization of these features in the claims or the relationship between these features.

[0065] The attached diagram shows:

[0066] Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the separation device according to the present invention,

[0067] Figure 2 Figure 1 A top view of the separation device shown.

[0068] Figure 3 along Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of section III-III.

[0069] Figure 4 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the final spiral shaft and guide device.

[0070] Figure 5 along Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of section VV.

[0071] Figure 6 A perspective view of another embodiment of the separation device according to the present invention.

[0072] Figure 7 A perspective view of the guiding device according to the present invention, and

[0073] Figure 8 Figure 1 A side view of the separation device shown. Detailed Implementation

[0074] Figure 1 A device 1 for separating the feed substance 2 is shown.

[0075] Various material flows can be provided as feed material 2, particularly commercial waste, domestic waste, bulky waste, mixed construction waste, building waste, biological waste, waste wood, rolled materials and / or membrane materials that tend to be rolled up.

[0076] The feed material 2 is at least separated into an oversized portion 3 and an undersized portion 4. In this respect, the separation of the feed material 2 can be correspondingly divided into an oversized portion 3 and an undersized portion 4, which is fed to the separation device 1, for example, via a suitable feeding device 5, according to... Figure 6 The example of the embodiment shown is a conveyor belt.

[0077] In addition, according to Figure 6 The embodiment shown separates the other part of the 6, which will be discussed below.

[0078] Figure 6 The separation device 1 is also shown to have a plurality of helical shafts 7 arranged side by side. The helical shafts 7 are preferably arranged such that their axes of rotation 8 are parallel to each other and preferably parallel to the ground 10. Finally, the side-by-side helical shafts 7 form a separation platform 9. The feed material 2 can be thrown onto the separation platform 9, particularly via the feed device 5.

[0079] Different conveying directions can be provided. In the illustrated embodiment example, the conveying direction F of the oversized portion 3 initially follows substantially the feeding conveying direction A, which can be specified by the feeding device 5, wherein the conveying direction F is subsequently extended at an angle to the feeding direction A and / or at an angle to the axis of rotation 8, depending on the material being fed. Oversized particles and / or oversized portions 4 can be separated below the auger shaft 7, such that the conveying direction U of the oversized portion 4 extends specifically orthogonal to the axis of rotation 8 of the auger shaft 7 and points downward toward the ground 10.

[0080] The feeding device 5 can be assigned to the device 1 such that the feeding material 2 is fed transversely to the rotation axis 8 and / or longitudinal axis L of the screw shaft 7. Feeding can be performed at an angle relative to the rotation axis 8 and / or longitudinal axis L, or, if necessary, orthogonally to the rotation axis 8 and / or longitudinal axis L. Therefore, the feeding material 2 is fed onto the separation platform 9, such that during transport across the width of the separation platform 9, the feeding material 2 initially travels along the conveying direction F, which initially extends transversely to the rotation axis 8 of the screw shaft 7 or at a small angle to the rotation axis 8 of the screw shaft 7, and the feeding material 2 can be separated into different parts, preferably into at least two parts. During this process, the feeding device 5 feeds the feeding material 2 onto the separation platform 9 such that the feeding direction is ultimately parallel to and / or in the same direction as the conveying direction F. This ultimately also includes the case of conveying oversized materials at an angle to the feeding conveying direction A.

[0081] The feeding device 5 does not necessarily have to be designed as a conveyor belt; it can also be designed as a vibrating chute and / or a chute. The filling speed of the feeding device 5 can also be adjustable, and / or the height and / or inclination of the feeding device 5 can be adjustable.

[0082] Figure 6 It is also shown that the last and / or the very last spiral shaft 12, which is used to feed the material 2 onto the separation platform 9, is provided with a guide device 11, which is used to discharge the excess portion 3 substantially along the longitudinal direction L of the last spiral shaft 12, and to discharge the excess portion 3 below the last spiral shaft 12, particularly directly below the last spiral shaft 12.

[0083] Figure 1 The guide device 11 is shown to surround and / or enclose the final spiral shaft 12 in at least some areas.

[0084] also, Figure 6 The excessively sized portion 3 is shown to be separated by the interaction of the guide device 11 and the final helical shaft 12. During this process, the excessively sized portion 3 impacting the final helical shaft 12 can be deflected by impacting the guide device 11 and conveyed away below the final helical shaft 12. The discharge of the additionally sized portion 6 upstream of the final helical shaft 12 along the conveying direction X does not prevent this. The additionally sized portion 6 may have a conveying direction X, which extends obliquely to the conveying direction F and / or obliquely to the axis of rotation 8.

[0085] Figure 6The illustrated device 1 is designed such that the feed material 2 is separated into at least three parts. In the illustrated embodiment, the separation is arranged such that the separation into at least two parts takes place above the separation platform 9. For example, one part, namely the oversized portion 3, can be separated in the conveying direction F, and another part, namely the other oversized portion 6, can be separated in a different conveying direction X at an angle to the conveying direction F.

[0086] Finally, at least a portion of the oversized portion 3, that is, the portion that meets the final spiral shaft 12, is discharged at the end of the final spiral shaft 12 via a guide device 11, which is used to discharge the oversized portion 3.

[0087] The third part (the smaller part 4) can be discharged below the separation platform 9 and / or the spiral shaft 7. This part, also known as the fine material, is separated due to the space created between two adjacent spiral shafts 7.

[0088] also, Figure 6 The separation into at least two parts is shown to occur above the separation platform 9, such that the elongated component of the feed material 2 (the component of the oversized portion 3) interacts with the guide device 11, wherein at least a substantially smaller portion of the elongated component can form part of the additional oversized portion 6. As previously described, the undersized portion 4 is thus separated between the respective helical shafts 7.

[0089] The helical shaft 7 may have a core tube 13 and a preferably symmetrical helical portion and / or a helical portion 14 extending helically around the core tube 13. The helical portion 14 preferably has a constant web height.

[0090] Specifically, a plurality of spiral shafts 7 are provided, and the plurality of spiral shafts 7 preferably have the same design. Specifically, between 3 and 25 spiral shafts 7 are provided, and preferably between 8 and 20 spiral shafts 7 are provided.

[0091] Not shown, the helical shaft 7 has a support journal for support in a bearing manner. Figure 5 The diagram shows a continuous support device 26, which is arranged inside the core tube 13 and is designed as a support tube for supporting the helical shaft 7.

[0092] In the illustrated embodiment, the helical shaft 7 is mounted on one side of the mounting member 15. The supported end is opposite to the discharge end 16 of the helical shaft. The bulk of the screws 3 and 6 can be discharged via the discharge end and / or the free end 16.

[0093] Preferably, the helical shaft 7 is mounted in the mounting member 15 in a flexible manner and on one side. The helical shaft 7 can also be driven by a corresponding drive device (not shown in detail), which is preferably arranged in the mounting member 15.

[0094] In particular, all the spiral shafts 7 have the same direction of rotation.

[0095] The continuous rotation creates the conveying direction F discussed earlier, which can extend at an angle relative to the corresponding axis of rotation and / or the axis of rotation 8 of the screw shaft 7. The conveying direction F can be arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis L of the screw shaft 7. The inclined and / or transverse orientation of the conveying direction F does not necessarily mean that it is arranged at a 90° angle to the axis of rotation 8 and / or the longitudinal axis L of the screw shaft 7. The conveying direction F can extend transversely to and / or at an angle to the corresponding axis of rotation 8 and / or the longitudinal axis L.

[0096] In the illustrated embodiment, the spiral shaft 7 of device 1 has at least substantially the same length. The length of the separation platform 9 may correspond to the length of the spiral shaft 7.

[0097] The particle size and / or particle diameter of the small-sized portion 4 depends in particular on the gap and / or clearance (also known as sieve gap) between directly adjacent spiral shafts 7, and therefore also on the distance between the spiral shafts 7. Figure 2 The diagram shows that the helical spiral portions 14 of adjacent spiral shafts 7 mesh with each other, so that the adjacent spiral shafts 7 mesh with each other.

[0098] The meshing of the spiral portions 14 provides a self-cleaning effect for the spiral shaft 7, as it prevents blockages on the outside of the spiral shaft 7, such as blockages caused by particles that are too small.

[0099] In addition, Figure 6 In the example of the embodiment shown, the guide device 11 is arranged on the last spiral shaft 12 such that, functionally, the guide device 11 can take over the self-cleaning function of the adjacent spiral shaft 7. In this case, the last spiral shaft 12 has only one directly adjacent spiral shaft 7, namely the penultimate spiral shaft 17.

[0100] The drive mechanism is not shown in more detail. The drive mechanism can be designed so that the helical shafts 7 can be driven at synchronized rotational speeds. Furthermore, the drive mechanism can ensure that all helical shafts 7 have the same direction of rotation and / or the same rotational feel. Additionally, a motor can be used to drive the helical shafts 7.

[0101] Not shown, in addition to the guide device 11, other conveying devices can be provided for different parts for discharge. The other conveying devices can be designed as vibrating chute, conveyor belt and / or chute.

[0102] Figure 1 The guide device 11 is shown to have a stop wall 18, which is adjacent to and extends along the final helical shaft 12 in the feeding direction A. The stop wall 18 serves as a stop for the oversized portion 3. Finally, the guide device 11 with the stop wall 18 also forms an abutment against the final helical shaft 12, thereby allowing the oversized portion 3 to be deflected at the final helical shaft 12.

[0103] Figure 7 The stop wall 18 is further shown in the image. Figure 7 The guide device 11 is also shown to have a discharge area 19, which is disposed below the stop wall 18 and extends in the region below the final spiral shaft 12 for collecting and discharging oversized particles. Figure 4 and Figure 1 The image also shows discharge area 19. Figure 4 The discharge region 19 is shown to extend along the length of the final helical shaft 12. The excess portion 3 is discharged via the discharge region 19, which can be conveyed along the discharge region 19 such that the excess portion 3 can be discharged at the free end 16 of the helical shaft 7.

[0104] also, Figure 4 As shown, the stop wall 18 and the discharge area 19 extend at least substantially along the entire length of the final helical axis 12.

[0105] Figure 1 The stop wall 18 is shown protruding beyond the top of the final helical shaft 12. The upper edge 20 of the stop wall 18 may protrude beyond the inner diameter of the final helical shaft 12. Preferably, the upper edge 20 of the stop wall 18 may protrude beyond the inner diameter of the final helical shaft 12 by at least 30 cm, and more preferably, the upper edge 20 of the stop wall 18 may protrude beyond the inner diameter of the final helical shaft 12 by at least 100 cm.

[0106] Figure 3 The stop wall 18 and the final helical shaft 12 are shown to have a net distance 27. This net distance 27 can be greater than 1 cm, and preferably, the net distance 27 is between 2 cm and 10 cm.

[0107] exist Figure 8 The diagram shows the outer longitudinal edge 21 of the discharge region 19 extending to the penultimate spiral shaft 17. Here, the outer longitudinal edge 21 can extend parallel to the axis of rotation 8 of the penultimate spiral shaft 17, as shown... Figure 8As shown in the image. Figure 8 It shows Figure 1 A side view of the device 1 shown. Although Figure 8 The penultimate spiral axis 17 is not shown, but Figure 8 It is indeed shown that the longitudinal edge 21 is arranged parallel to the axis of rotation 8 of the spiral shaft 7. Figure 3 A constant distance 25 is shown between the penultimate spiral shaft 17 and the longitudinal edge 21. This distance 25 can be greater than 0.5 cm, and preferably, it is between 1 cm and 10 cm.

[0108] Furthermore, the outer longitudinal edge 21 extends at least substantially along the entire length of the final helical shaft 12, as well as... Figure 4 As shown in the image.

[0109] In addition, Figure 1 In the device 1 shown, the outer longitudinal edge 21 and the penultimate helical shaft 17 are defined to have a constant distance 25 extending in the longitudinal direction L of the last helical shaft 12. Ultimately, the distance 25 between the outer longitudinal edge 12 and the adjacent helical shaft 17 remains unchanged.

[0110] Figure 4 and Figure 7 It is also shown that the discharge region 19 is channel-shaped and has an arcuate cross-section, at least in part. Here, Figure 4 The arcuate shape of the discharge region 19 is shown to conform to the cross-sectional shape of the final helical shaft 12. Furthermore, the arcuate shape can also conform to the shape of the penultimate helical shaft 17, as shown... Figure 8 As shown in the image.

[0111] Figure 5 The net distance 22 of the final spiral shaft 12 in a direction perpendicular to the lowest point of the discharge area 19 is shown, increasing along the length of the final spiral shaft 12 toward the discharge end 16 of the final spiral shaft 12. Figure 5 In the embodiment shown, the gradient 23 of distance 22 is strictly monotonic and / or linear.

[0112] In particular, such as Figure 5 The gradient 23 of distance 22 shown is at least 0.3°, preferably between 1° and 5°. Furthermore, the gradient 23 of distance 22 can be at least 1% to 3%.

[0113] The gradient 23 of distance 22 increases the distance to the discharge end 16 of the final spiral shaft 12, thereby increasing the area through which oversized particles can pass through the guide device 11.

[0114] exist Figure 7The diagram shows that the discharge area 19 is at least partially topographically formed as a tapered cut. Specifically, in the context of this invention, such a design can also be described as a tapered element. Ultimately, the tapered shape stems from the fact that the discharge area 19 has at least a partially arcuate cross-section, and that the distance 22 from the last spiral axis 12 in the longitudinal direction L increases, wherein the outer longitudinal edge 21 is enclosed at a constant distance from the penultimate spiral axis 17.

[0115] Gradient 23 specifically refers to the net distance and / or minimum distance 22 taken between the lowest point of the discharge region 19 and the final spiral axis 7. Figure 1 In the embodiment shown, the guide device 11 is defined as a single piece. Alternatively or additionally, in another embodiment, the stop wall 18 may be defined as integrally formed with the discharge area 19.

[0116] In addition, it can be specified that the stop wall 18 and / or the discharge area 19 are impermeable to the portion 3 that is too large.

[0117] exist Figure 7 In the embodiment of the guide device 11 shown, the guide device 11 is specified to ultimately be designed as a guide plate.

[0118] In addition, Figure 6 The machine frame 24 is also shown. The guide device 11 is detachably and / or fixedly connected to the machine frame 24. The machine frame 24 is arranged on the ground 10. In particular, the guide device 11 can be connected to the machine frame 24 by friction and / or material. In addition, the screw shaft 7 can also be mounted on the machine frame 24 via the mounting member 15. The feeding device 5 can—but is not required—be fastened to the machine frame 24.

[0119] List of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0120] 1 Separation device

[0121] 2. Delivery of materials

[0122] 3. Size is too large

[0123] 4. Parts that are too small

[0124] 5. Feeding device

[0125] 6. Other sizes are too large.

[0126] 7. Spiral shaft

[0127] 8. Rotation axis

[0128] 9. Separation Platform

[0129] 10 Ground

[0130] 11 Guiding Device

[0131] 12 The final spiral axis

[0132] 13-core tube

[0133] 14 Spiral spiral portion

[0134] 15 Installation Components

[0135] 16. Free end of the helical shaft

[0136] 17. The second to last spiral axis

[0137] 18 stop wall

[0138] 19 Discharge Area

[0139] The top edge of 2018

[0140] 21 Outer longitudinal edge

[0141] 22 Distance

[0142] 23 Gradients

[0143] 24 Machine Frame

[0144] 25 Distance

[0145] 26 Support device

[0146] 27 Distance

[0147] F3 conveying direction

[0148] A delivery direction

[0149] U4 conveying direction

[0150] L longitudinal direction / longitudinal axis

[0151] The conveying direction is X 6.

Claims

1. An apparatus for separating a feed material (2) into at least an oversized portion (3) and an undersized portion (4), the apparatus (1) having a separation platform (9) having a plurality of helical shafts (7) arranged adjacent to each other. Its features are, The final spiral shaft (12) of the separation platform (9) for delivering the substance (2) to the separation platform (9) is equipped with a guide device (11), which is used to discharge the excess portion (3) substantially along the longitudinal direction (L) of the final spiral shaft (12) and to discharge the excess portion (3) below the final spiral shaft (12). The guide device (11) has a stop wall (18) which serves as a stop for the portion (3) that is too large. The stop wall (18) is adjacent to and extends along the last spiral shaft (12) in the feeding direction (A).

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed material (2) is a mixed material flow.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the feeding material (2) is commercial waste, domestic waste, bulk waste, mixed construction waste, construction debris, biological waste, waste wood, rolled material and / or membrane material that tends to be rolled up.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guiding device (11) has a discharge area (19) which is located below the stop wall (18) and extends into the area below the final spiral shaft (12) for collecting and discharging oversized particles.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The stop wall (18) and / or the discharge area (19) extend at least substantially along the length of the last spiral shaft (12).

6. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The stop wall (18) protrudes above the last helical shaft (12) on its upper side, and / or the upper edge (20) of the stop wall (18) protrudes beyond the inner diameter of the last helical shaft (12).

7. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The upper edge (20) of the stop wall (18) protrudes at least 30 cm beyond the inner diameter of the final helical shaft (12).

8. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The upper edge (20) of the stop wall (18) protrudes at least 50 cm beyond the inner diameter of the final helical shaft (12).

9. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The upper edge (20) of the stop wall (18) protrudes at least 100 cm beyond the inner diameter of the final helical shaft (12).

10. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The stop wall (18) has a net distance (27) greater than 1 cm from the final spiral shaft (12).

11. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The stop wall (18) and the final spiral shaft (12) have a net distance (27) between 1 cm and 50 cm.

12. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The stop wall (18) and the final spiral shaft (12) have a net distance (27) between 2 cm and 10 cm.

13. The apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The outer longitudinal edge (21) of the discharge area (19) extends in a manner parallel to the axis of rotation (8) of the penultimate spiral axis (17), and / or, the outer longitudinal edge (21) has a distance (25) from the penultimate spiral axis (17), the distance (25) extending constantly in the longitudinal direction (L) of the last spiral axis (12).

14. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The discharge area (19) is channel-shaped.

15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that, The discharge area (19) has at least a partially arc-shaped cross-section.

16. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that, The discharge area (19) has a completely arc-shaped cross-section.

17. The apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that, The arc shape of the discharge area (19) is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the penultimate spiral shaft (17).

18. The apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The net distance (22) of the last spiral shaft (12) in the direction perpendicular to the lowest point of the discharge area (19) increases along the length of the last spiral shaft (12) toward the free end (16) of the spiral shaft.

19. The apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that, The free end (16) of the final helical shaft (12) forms the discharge end.

20. The apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The net distance (22) of the last spiral shaft (12) in the direction perpendicular to the lowest point of the discharge area (19) increases in a strictly monotonic and / or linear manner along the length of the last spiral shaft (12) toward the free end (16) of the spiral shaft (12).

21. The apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The gradient angle of the net distance (22) and / or the minimum distance (23) between the discharge area (19) and the axis of rotation (8) of the last spiral shaft (12) is at least 0.3°.

22. The apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The gradient (23) of the net distance (22) and / or minimum distance between the discharge area (19) and the axis of rotation (8) of the last spiral shaft (12) has a gradient angle between 0.5° and 10°.

23. The apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The gradient (23) of the net distance (22) and / or minimum distance between the discharge area (19) and the rotation axis (8) of the final spiral shaft (12) has a gradient angle between 1° and 5°.

24. The apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The guiding device (11) and / or the discharge area (19) and the stop wall (18) are formed as a single piece.

25. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The helical shaft (7) includes: a core tube (13) having an outer helical portion (14); and / or at least one support journal; and / or a support device (26) arranged inside the core tube (13).

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