All-weather, self-powered, cold and hot bidirectional controllable body temperature adjusting clothes and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a kind of all-weather, self-powered, cold and hot two-way controllable body temperature regulating clothes and its preparation method, belongs to human thermal management field, relates to the preparation method of large-area flexible photovoltaic device, the preparation method of electric card heat management device, the preparation method of flexible heat transfer layer and the preparation method of using large-area photovoltaic device to drive electric card refrigeration device.The application provides a kind of all-weather, self-powered, cold and hot two-way controllable body temperature regulating clothes, which comprises: double-layer P (VDF-TrFE-CFE) electric card polymer composite film, electrostatic driving electric card heat management device construction, large-area flexible organic photovoltaic device, and voltage converter for amplifying the voltage of large-area flexible organic photovoltaic device, energy storage system (including lithium battery and conversion chip) and voltage control system (including control chip and relay), which provides a scheme combining photovoltaic device and electric card heat management device for intelligent thermal management clothing to maintain comfortable temperature zone for human body in complex environment.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of human thermal management, and relates to a method for building an electrostatically driven electrocaloric thermal management device, a method for preparing a flexible heat transfer layer, a method for preparing a flexible large-area organic photovoltaic cell, a method for converting and controlling the voltage of a photovoltaic device to adapt to an electrocaloric device, and a method for integrating the device into clothing. BACKGROUND

[0002] Human thermal management systems, as the interface between the human body and the environment, play an indispensable role in regulating the body temperature to maintain thermal comfort in daily life. For example, it is very common to walk from a comfortable indoor environment (~ 25℃) to a hot (> 36℃) or cold (< 15℃) outdoor environment. If we cannot quickly adapt to such rapid changes in environmental temperature and cool or warm our body as needed, we may feel uncomfortable or sick. A more challenging scenario is to keep our body in such a comfortable temperature range in extremely harsh environments, such as living in the cold polar regions or space travel (hot under the sun, cold in the dark). Therefore, like a spacesuit, wearable temperature-regulating clothing that can keep the human body in a comfortable temperature range has always been the goal of smart clothing systems and is also a very challenging goal. Therefore, human thermal management systems are crucial to human comfort.

[0003] Current human thermal management systems can be broadly divided into passive and active temperature regulation systems. Passive temperature regulation systems include radiative temperature regulation systems, phase change temperature regulation systems, and adsorption temperature regulation systems. However, most of the work driven by solar energy, such as radiative temperature regulation systems, has self-sustainability, but can only achieve one-way temperature regulation. Although some work may be bidirectional temperature regulation, their efficiency, response speed, and adjustable temperature range still need to be improved. Although Joule effect heaters are effective in heating at a controllable temperature, their high power consumption and lack of cooling capacity strongly limit their application. Temperature regulation systems based on the magneto-caloric effect and the elastocaloric effect require large magnetic fields and high mechanical loads, respectively, to achieve good thermal management, which limits their wearability. In addition, temperature regulation devices based on the thermoelectric principle have various applications. However, these devices usually require expensive thermoelectric materials and usually exhibit low efficiency due to their high energy consumption. In particular, they all require additional energy input, and without additional energy, they cannot work for a long time.

[0004] Therefore, developing a full-day, self-powered, bidirectional temperature regulation clothing system that can quickly respond to various complex and extreme environmental temperature changes and keep the human body in a comfortable temperature range has always been one of the most challenging goals. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application is directed to the problem that there is no completely self-powered all-weather dual-mode body temperature regulating clothing at present, and there is no accurate space-time fixed-point refrigeration, the present application provides a design and preparation method of a body temperature regulating clothing capable of realizing all-weather, self-powered, cold and hot bidirectional controllable heat management by combining large-area flexible organic photovoltaic devices and flexible electrocaloric heat management devices. The present application utilizes the advantages of organic photovoltaic cells, such as flexibility, light weight, easy access to energy outdoors, and the advantages of electrocaloric devices driven by electrostatic force, such as flexibility, light weight and high COP, integrates large-area organic photovoltaic cells with electrocaloric devices driven by electrostatic force, and prepares such all-weather, self-powered, cold and hot bidirectional controllable body temperature regulating clothing with excellent heat management performance, convenient switching of heat management direction and adjustment of heat management temperature range, to realize the best temperature control effect. The human body can adapt to the change of environmental temperature, and the application scenarios of the current human body heat management clothing are greatly met.

[0006] The technical solution of the present application is to use large-area flexible photovoltaic devices to receive solar energy in the environment, and then store it to drive the electrocaloric heat management device to realize intelligent heat management of the human body when needed.

[0007] A body temperature regulating clothing capable of realizing all-weather, self-powered, cold and hot bidirectional controllable heat management, comprising: a flexible large-area organic photovoltaic cell, an electrocaloric heat management device driven by electrostatic force, a flexible heat transfer layer, a voltage conversion device for converting the output voltage of the photovoltaic device, an energy storage device, and a voltage control device.

[0008] The flexible large-area organic photovoltaic cell (OPV) is connected to an energy storage system (ESS), the ESS is connected to a voltage control system (VCS), and the VCS is connected to the electrocaloric heat management device; the flexible heat transfer layer is sewn on the human body clothing, and the flexible large-area organic photovoltaic cell and the electrocaloric heat management device are fixed outside and inside the flexible heat transfer layer.

[0009] The ESS comprises a voltage conversion chip and a lithium battery, the VCS comprises two slide resistors for adjusting voltage and a relay, and the flexible large-area OPV, the voltage conversion chip, the VTM, the relay and the electrocaloric heat management device are connected in sequence.

[0010] The present application can realize the preparation method of the all-weather, self-powered, cold and hot bidirectional controllable body temperature regulating clothing, comprising the following steps:

[0011] 1) Preparation of the electrocaloric heat management device driven by electrostatic force, mainly including preparation of double-layer P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) film, preparation of single-walled carbon nanotube dispersion, preparation of PDMS frame, and overall building of the device;

[0012] 2) Preparation of large-area flexible photovoltaic devices, including the preparation of electrodes and the preparation of active layers;

[0013] 3) Preparation of flexible heat transfer layer, including the filling and mixing of thermally conductive filler and paraffin phase change capsules, and curing in a mold;

[0014] 4) Preparation of body temperature regulating clothing, including the connection of each part of the device and the sewing connection with the clothes;

[0015] Further, the electrocaloric heat management device is obtained by the following method: preparation of a double-layer P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) polymer stack, dissolving P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) with butanone to form a uniform solution of 5-25wt%, using a doctor blade method to prepare a thin film with a thickness of 10-50μm, wherein the solvent evaporation temperature is 40-120℃, then spraying a single-walled carbon nanotube dispersion on the surface of the thin film to form a conductive network, then using the doctor blade method again to coat a second layer of P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) solution on the thin film with carbon nanotube electrodes, wherein the solvent evaporation temperature is 40-120℃, and after stripping, spraying carbon nanotube dispersion on the upper and lower sides of the double-layer polymer stack to form a conductive network, and the overlapping area with the middle electrode is 2-10cm 2 , then vacuum annealing in an oven at 90-120℃ for 2-24h;

[0016] Wherein, the butanone solution of P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) is filtered after dissolution using a pore size of 0.22μm polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter, and the single-walled carbon nanotube dispersion is prepared by probe ultrasonic dispersion. 10-80mg of carboxylated single-arm carbon nanotubes are dispersed in a mixture of 10-25ml of isopropyl alcohol and 0-10ml of deionized water, and probe ultrasonic dispersion is used with an ultrasonic power of 300-500W and an ultrasonic time of 0.5-2h.

[0017] The construction of the electrostatically driven electrocaloric heat management device includes a 30-100μm PET layer with carbon nanotube electrodes on the surface of the upper and lower layers, which is used as a dielectric layer; a layer of polyimide tape is covered on the upper PET film for human body electrical insulation; a middle PDMS frame is provided for supporting the double-layer P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) film of claim 2 and playing a barrier role between the two dielectric layers; an S-shaped side is placed on the upper end of the lower end PDMS frame, and the other side is placed on the lower end of the lower end PDMS frame.

[0018] Further, the flexible heat transfer layer is obtained by the following method: adding PDMS, boron nitride nanoparticles and paraffin phase change microspheres in a weight ratio of 15:2:5 in a beaker, stirring for 10-20 min to fully mix the solution, then pouring into a pre-prepared mold, then placing the mold in an oven at 60-100°C for further curing for 30-100 min to obtain a flexible heat transfer layer with a thickness of 1-10 mm.

[0019] Further, the flexible large-area organic photovoltaic cell is obtained by the following method: the ITO-coated PET substrate is sequentially ultrasonically treated in detergent, deionized water, acetone and isopropanol for 10-30 min, then dried with argon, then blade coating a ZnO layer on the pre-cleaned ITO-coated glass at a coating speed of 5-20 mm / s and a blade-substrate gap of 100-300 μm in air at 50°C, then annealing at 120°C for 15 min in air, then doctor blading an NMA film on the ZnO at a coating speed of 5-15 mm / s and a doctor blade-substrate gap of 100-200 μm in air, dissolving PM6:BTP-BO-4CI at a mass ratio of 1:1.2 and a concentration D of 9 mg / ml in chlorobenzene containing 0.3 vol% 1,8-diiodooctane DIO, blade coating at a coating speed of 10-30 mm / s and a blade-substrate gap of 400 μm in air at 60°C, and finally evaporating MoO3 and Ag onto the active layer in sequence through a mask plate.

[0020] The present application has the advantages that: the present application provides a design and preparation method of a full-weather, self-powered, cold-heat bidirectional controllable body temperature regulation garment, which can convert solar energy absorbed by a large-area flexible photovoltaic device into electrical energy for storage, and drive the electrically heated and managed device to operate to realize intelligent thermal management of the human body through the voltage conversion device and the voltage control device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a full-weather, self-powered, cold-heat bidirectional controllable body temperature regulation garment.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a cold-heat mode switching working schematic diagram of a flexible large-area OPV driven electrically heated and managed device.

[0023] Figure 3 It is a 100 mW / cm 2 Temperature span diagram of the electrically heated and managed device under different light intensities.

[0024] Figure 4 It is a diagram of the temperature regulation ability of the human body after turning on the thermal management device under different light intensities in a cold-heat environment.

[0025] Figure 5 All-weather thermal management capability map of bidirectional controllable body temperature regulating clothing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The above-mentioned purpose of the present application is achieved by the following scheme: an all-weather, self-powered, bidirectional controllable body temperature regulating clothing and its preparation method, the specific preparation steps are as follows:

[0027] I. Preparation of electrostatically driven electrocaloric thermal management device

[0028] 1. A 20wt% P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) (64.6 / 26.2 / 9.2mol%, Piezotech Arkema) solution dissolved in N,N dimethylformamide butanone is blade-coated on a clean glass substrate, and the obtained film is heated on a hot stage at 120°C for 2 hours to evaporate the solvent.

[0029] 2. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT, 5mg, XFNANO Material Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing / Jiangsu) are dispersed in a mixed solution of isopropyl alcohol (18ml) and deionized water (2ml) using probe sonication (1 hour).

[0030] 3. Then, the CNT dispersion is sprayed on the P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) polymer film to form a conductive network. Next, another EC polymer layer is directly prepared on the CNT network by a blade-coating process, and then heated on a hot stage at 120°C for 2 hours to evaporate the solvent. After peeling off the polymer stack from the glass substrate, the CNT dispersion is also sprayed on the upper and lower surfaces of the polymer stack to obtain a complete two-layer EC polymer stack. The prepared EC polymer stack is annealed in a vacuum oven at 120°C for 10 hours.

[0031] 4. The electrocaloric thermal management device includes two PET dielectric layers with an area of 7cm×3cm, and is separated by a 3mm thick spacer made of PDMS. Each dielectric layer is composed of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film (50μm) and a CNT percolation network layer on the surface. The P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) polymer stack is installed at one end of the electrocaloric thermal management device, between the left spacer and the lower laminate, and at the other end between the right spacer and the upper laminate. Finally, a single-sided polyimide (PI) tape (30μm) is covered on the outermost CNT percolation network to make the device electrically insulated.

[0032] The P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) described in the present application can be selected as one or more of P(VDF-TrFE), P(VDF-HFP), P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE).

[0033] The CNT conductive layer described in the application can be selected from one or more of carbon powder, graphite fiber, silver nanowire, copper nanowire, PEDOT: PSS, silver glue, and graphene conductive layer.

[0034] The PET dielectric layer described in the application can be selected from one or more of polyimide, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polycarbonate, and polyvinyl chloride.

[0035] The PI adhesive tape described in the application can be selected from one or more of polyimide, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polycarbonate, and polyvinyl chloride.

[0036] The butanone solvent described in the application can be selected from one or more of acetone, N,N-dimethylformamide, pentanone, N-methyl pyrrolidone, and dimethyl sulfoxide.

[0037] II. Preparation of flexible large-area organic photovoltaic cells

[0038] A flexible large-area organic photovoltaic cell was prepared using the inverted structure of PET / ITO / ZnO / NMA / active layer / MoO3 / Ag. The ITO-coated PET substrate was sequentially ultrasonically treated in detergent, deionized water, acetone, and isopropanol for 15 minutes, and then dried with argon. Then, a ZnO layer was knife-coated on the pre-cleaned ITO-coated glass at a coating speed of 10 mm / s and a knife-substrate gap of 200 μm in air at 50°C, and then annealed in air at 120°C for 15 minutes. Then, an NMA thin film was knife-coated on the ZnO in air at a coating speed of 10 mm / s and a knife-substrate gap of 150 μm. PM6:BTP-BO-4CI with a mass ratio of 1:1.2 and a concentration of D:9 mg / ml was dissolved in chlorobenzene containing 0.3 vol% 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO), and blade-coated in air at a coating speed of 20 mm / s and a blade-substrate gap of 400 μm at 60°C. Finally, MoO3 (~6 nm) and Ag (~150 nm) were sequentially evaporated onto the active layer through a mask (2×10 -4 Pa).

[0039] III. Preparation of flexible heat transfer layer

[0040] 1. In a beaker, add PDMS, boron nitride nanoparticles, and paraffin phase change microspheres in a weight ratio of 15:2:5, and stir with a glass rod for 20 min to fully mix the solution.

[0041] 2. Next, transfer the mixture into a mold. Then, place the mold into an oven at 100°C for further curing for 30 min, and finally prepare a flexible heat transfer layer with a thickness of 3 mm.

[0042] IV. Preparation of temperature-regulating clothing

[0043] See attached Figure 1 The main units are flexible large-area OPV, flexible heat transfer layer, electrocardio thermal management device, ESS and VCS.

[0044] Connect flexible large-area OPV to ESS, which mainly contains a voltage conversion chip and a lithium battery. Then connect ESS to VTM for voltage amplification. Connect the amplified voltage interface to VCS, which mainly contains two voltage-regulating slide rheostats and a relay. Sew the flexible heat transfer layer on the human body clothes, then use the heat-conducting adhesive (SE-4485, Dow Corning) to fix the flexible large-area OPV and the electrocardio thermal management device on the outside and inside of the heat transfer layer, respectively, and cure for 24 hours at 26℃. Connect the flexible large-area OPV and the electrocardio thermal management device with the relay and the control system to complete the construction of the whole system.

[0045] Test content

[0046] 1. FLIR-A615 infrared thermal imager tests the temperature span of the electrocardio thermal management device under 100mW / cm 2 light intensity.

[0047] 2. K-type thermocouple tests the change of human skin temperature after the human body moves to different temperature environments and the temperature regulation ability of the thermal management device after it is turned on under different light intensities.

[0048] 3. FLIR-A615 infrared thermal imager tests the all-weather thermal management ability of the bidirectional controllable body temperature regulation clothes.

[0049] Data analysis

[0050] See attached Figure 2 In this system, the electrocardio thermal management device is directly powered by the electricity generated by the flexible large-area OPV. This cooling method includes the following steps: (I) electrostatically driving the EC polymer stack towards the top flexible heat transfer layer (as a heat sink); (II) heating the EC polymer stack by applying an electric field on the EC polymer stack, thereby transferring heat from the EC polymer stack to the flexible heat transfer layer Figure 2 (i)); (III) electrostatically driving the EC polymer stack towards the bottom of the human skin (as a heat source); (IV) cooling the EC polymer stack by removing the electric field, thereby transferring heat from the human skin to the EC polymer stack, realizing a cycle of skin cooling Figure 2(ii)). For the heating method, simply changing the order of the above four steps allows for heat transfer in the opposite direction by altering the phase of the square wave voltage. Correspondingly, the heating method is similar to the cooling method in steps, but the heat transfer effect is reversed: (I) Electrostatically driving the EC polymer stack toward the bottom of the human skin to be heated; (II) Heating the EC polymer stack by applying an electric field, thereby transferring heat from the EC polymer stack to the human skin (as a heat sink). Figure 2 (iii) Electrostatically drive the EC polymer stack toward the top flexible heat transfer layer (as a heat source); (iv) Cool the EC polymer stack by removing the electric field, thereby transferring heat from the flexible heat transfer layer to the EC polymer stack, completing a skin warming cycle. Figure 2 (iv)). With these two operating modes, bidirectional controllable cooling and heating temperature adjustment can be easily achieved as needed.

[0051] Appendix Figure 3 This system was demonstrated under standard AM1.5G (100mW / cm²) illumination. 2 When ), the maximum temperature range can reach 2.9K.

[0052] Appendix Figure 4 Demonstrated at standard AM 1.5G (100mW / cm²) 2 Under these conditions, when the skin is moved to a low-temperature environment such as 12.5°C, and the skin temperature drops to 29.2°C, the thermoregulating suit's warming mode activates, raising the skin temperature to a thermal comfort temperature of 32.0°C. Conversely, when the skin is moved to a high-temperature environment such as 37.6°C, the skin temperature rises to 38.3°C. Then, the thermoregulating suit enters its cooling mode, lowering the skin temperature to a thermal comfort temperature of 36.0°C. When the light intensity is below 100mW / cm², the suit remains in operation. 2 (75 or 90 mW / cm) 2 Even under these conditions, the thermoregulating suit still retains its bidirectional temperature regulation capabilities. The light intensity is 90 mW / cm². 2 At that time, the thermoregulating suit's warming mode could raise skin temperature from 29.4℃ to 31.3℃, and its cooling mode could lower skin temperature from 38.3℃ to 36.5℃. When the light intensity was 75mW / cm²... 2 At the same time, the body temperature regulating clothing can still regulate skin temperature in both directions, with the warming mode raising the temperature from 29.4℃ to 30.8℃ and the cooling mode lowering the temperature from 38.3℃ to 37.2℃.

[0053] Appendix Figure 5 The demonstration showed that the thermoregulating suit can automatically switch between cooling and heating modes during the day and night, and can be self-powered for all-weather thermal management.

Claims

1. An all-weather, self-powered, cold and heat bidirectional controllable body temperature regulating garment, characterized in that: The flexible large-area organic photovoltaic cell includes an organic flexible photovoltaic device, a perovskite photovoltaic cell. The flexible large-area organic photovoltaic cell is connected with an energy storage system, the energy storage system is connected with a voltage control system, and the voltage control system is connected with an electrically heated garment management device. The energy storage system includes a voltage conversion chip and a lithium battery, and the voltage control system includes a voltage amplifier VTM, two slide rheostats for adjusting voltage, and a relay. The electrostatically driven electrically heated garment management device is built by a 30-100 mu m PET layer with carbon nanotube electrodes on the surface of the upper and lower layers, which is used as a dielectric layer. The preparation method of the electrocaloric thermal management device is as follows: preparation of a double-layer poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) polymer stack, using butanone to dissolve P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) to form a uniform solution of 5-25% wt%, using a doctor blade method to prepare a thin film with a thickness of 10-50 μm, wherein the solvent evaporation temperature is 40-120 ℃, then spraying a single-walled carbon nanotube dispersion on the surface of the thin film to form a conductive network, then using the doctor blade method again to coat a second layer of P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) solution on the thin film with the carbon nanotube electrode, wherein the solvent evaporation temperature is 40-120 ℃, and after stripping, spraying carbon nanotube dispersion on the upper and lower sides of the double-layer polymer stack to form a conductive network, and the overlapping area with the middle electrode is 2-10 cm 2 and then vacuum annealing in an oven at 90-120 ℃ for 2-24 h; The flexible large-area organic photovoltaic cell includes an organic flexible photovoltaic device, a perovskite photovoltaic cell.

2. The all-weather, self-powered, cold and heat bidirectional controllable body temperature regulating garment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the flexible heat transfer layer is as follows: PDMS, boron nitride nanoparticles and phase change microspheres are added in a weight ratio of 15:2:5 in a beaker, stirred for 10-20 min to fully mix the solution, then poured into a pre-prepared mold, and then the mold is placed in a 60-100 ℃ oven for further curing for 30-100 min to obtain a flexible heat transfer layer with a thickness of 1-10 mm.

3. The all-weather, self-powered, cold and heat bidirectional controllable body temperature regulating garment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the flexible large-area organic photovoltaic cell is as follows: the ITO-coated PET substrate is sequentially ultrasonically treated in detergent, deionized water, acetone and isopropanol for 10-30 min, then dried with argon, then blade-coated a ZnO layer on the pre-cleaned ITO-coated glass at a coating speed of 5-20 mm / s and a blade-substrate gap of 100-300 mu m in air at 50 °C, then annealed at 120 °C for 15 min in air, then doctor-bladed an NMA film on the ZnO at a coating speed of 5-15 mm / s and a doctor-blade-substrate gap of 100-200 mu m in air, dissolved PM6:BTP-BO-4CI with a mass ratio of 1:1.2 and a concentration D of 9 mg / ml in chlorobenzene containing 0.3 vol% 1,8-diiodooctane DIO, blade-coated at a coating speed of 10-30 mm / s and a blade-substrate gap of 400 mu m in air at 60 °C, and finally evaporated MoO3 and Ag onto the active layer in sequence through a mask plate.

4. The all-weather, self-powered, cold and heat bidirectional controllable body temperature regulating garment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The perovskite photovoltaic cell is a flexible organic solar cell, including a flexible perovskite solar cell, a flexible silicon-based solar cell or a flexible gallium arsenide solar cell.

5. The all-weather, self-powered, cold and heat bidirectional controllable body temperature regulating garment according to claim 2, characterized in that: ​ 6. The all-weather, self-powered, cold and heat bidirectional controllable body temperature regulating garment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The butanone solution of P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) is filtered after dissolution using a pore size 0.22 μm polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter, and the single-walled carbon nanotube dispersion liquid is prepared by probe ultrasonic dispersion. 10-80 mg of carboxylated single-arm carbon nanotubes are dispersed in a mixed solution of 10-25 ml of isopropyl alcohol and 0-10 ml of deionized water, and probe ultrasonic dispersion is performed at a power of 300-500 W for 0.5-2 h.

7. The all-weather, self-powered, cold and heat bidirectional controllable body temperature regulating garment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the PDMS frame is 1-5 cm, and the thickness of the polyimide tape is 30-100 μm.

8. A preparation method of an all-weather, self-powered, and bidirectional controllable cold and hot temperature regulation garment, characterized by: Preparation of the electrostatically driven electro-thermal management device, including preparation of the double-layer P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) film and construction of the electrostatically driven electro-thermal management device; preparation of the flexible large-area organic photovoltaic cell; and preparation of the flexible heat transfer layer. The flexible heat transfer layer is sewn onto the human garment, and the flexible large-area OPV and the electro-thermal management device are fixed on the outside and inside of the flexible heat transfer layer. The electrostatically driven electro-thermal management device is obtained by the preparation method of the electro-thermal management device and the construction of the electrostatically driven electro-thermal management device according to claim 1; the flexible heat transfer layer is obtained by the preparation method of the flexible heat transfer layer according to claim 3; and the flexible large-area OPV is obtained by the preparation method of the flexible large-area organic photovoltaic cell according to claim 4.

Images