Working method of a self-collimating total station
By optimizing the optical path design of the autocollimating total station and introducing a CMOS image processing system, the problems of insufficient brightness, large size, and low magnification have been solved, realizing an autocollimating total station with high brightness, miniaturization, and automatic detection functions.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHANGZHOU XINRUIDE INSTR
- Filing Date
- 2018-04-01
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-26
AI Technical Summary
Existing autocollimators suffer from problems such as insufficient brightness, large size, and low magnification.
It employs a telescope system, an incident light source system, and a rangefinding system, combined with a CMOS image processing system. The optical path design is optimized using the main prism and the split-lens structure to increase brightness and reduce size. At the same time, the CMOS image sensor enables automatic detection of the crosshair reference line image.
It improves brightness, reduces size, increases magnification, and reduces operational difficulty through automatic detection.
Smart Images
Figure CN117308893B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of measuring equipment technology, and in particular to an autocollimating total station and its working method. Background Technology
[0002] In existing technology, autocollimators are length measuring tools that utilize the principle of optical autocollimation to measure minute angles. The principle of optical autocollimation is as follows: light rays pass through a reticle located at the focal plane of the objective lens, forming parallel light. This parallel light is reflected back by a mirror or reflector perpendicular to the optical axis, and then, after passing through the objective lens, forms an image of the reticle's markings on the focal plane, coinciding with the markings. When the mirror or reflector is tilted by a minute angle β, the reflected light beam tilts by an angle 2β. Due to the different positions and structures of the reticle and various optical elements, autocollimators have the following three basic optical paths: a) Gaussian type autocollimator, whose optical path structure is as follows... Figure 1 As shown, it includes an eyepiece 2, a beam splitter 91, a reticle 90, an objective lens 7, and a reflector 8, all positioned on the same optical axis, with incident light provided by an incident light source 4. The advantages of the above autocollimator are that the field of view of the eyepiece 2 is unobstructed, and the reticle 90 is located in the center of the field of view, making observation convenient. Its disadvantages are that the brightness loss is relatively large, the autocollimated image is relatively dark, and the focal length of the eyepiece 2 is relatively long, making it impossible to obtain a large magnification in a limited space; b) Abbe type autocollimator, whose optical path structure is as follows Figure 2 As shown, the autocollimator includes an eyepiece 2, a reticle 90, an objective lens 7, and a reflector 8, all positioned on the same optical axis. Incident light is provided by an incident light source 4 and a prism 92. The advantages of this autocollimator are high light intensity and low brightness loss. The disadvantages are that half of the eyepiece 2's field of view is blocked by the cemented prism 92, and because the outgoing and incident light directions are different, when the distance between the reflector 8 and the objective lens 7 exceeds a certain value, the reflected light cannot enter the objective lens 7 to form an image, thus resulting in a shorter working distance; c) The double-reticle autocollimator includes an eyepiece 2, an eyepiece reticle 93, a cubic prism 24, an objective lens 7, and a reflector 8, all placed on the same optical axis. Incident light is provided by an incident light source 4 and the reticle 90. The advantages of the autocollimator are that the field of view of the eyepiece 2 is unobstructed, the reticle is located in the center of the field of view, the focal length of the eyepiece 2 is short, and a large magnification can be obtained. Furthermore, the positions of the eyepiece 2 and the incident light source 4 can be interchanged, which makes it convenient to use. The disadvantages are that the structure is relatively complex and the brightness loss is relatively large. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an autocollimating total station with high brightness, small size, and high magnification, and its working method.
[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides an autocollimating total station, comprising: a telescope system, an incident light source system, and a ranging system. The telescope system includes an objective lens, a focusing lens, a cubic prism, and an eyepiece positioned on the same optical axis. An image-rotating prism and an eyepiece reticle are disposed between the eyepiece and the cubic prism. The incident light source system includes a light source and an autocollimating reticle positioned perpendicular to the optical axis of the telescope system. The ranging system includes a ranging light source, a main prism, and a ranging plate. The main prism includes a cuboid prism body and a first and second segmented prism bodies arranged in a V-shape. A reflective surface is disposed between the first and second segmented prism bodies and the prism body. The main prism is positioned on the same optical axis. Between the focusing lens and the objective lens, the prism body is placed on the optical axis of the telescope system. The first lens body is positioned towards the ranging light source, and the second lens body is positioned towards the ranging plate. This allows the emitted light from the light source to pass through the autocollimating reticle, cubic prism, focusing lens, prism body, and objective lens to reach the reflector. The image of the crosshairs of the autocollimating reticle at the reflector passes through the objective lens, prism body, focusing lens, cubic prism, and image-rotating prism to reach the eyepiece reticle. The ranging laser emitted from the ranging light source passes through the first lens body, prism body, and objective lens to reach the reflector. A portion of the light reflected back from the reflector passes through the objective lens, prism body, and second lens body to reach the ranging plate, thus achieving the ranging function.
[0005] Furthermore, the autocollimating total station also includes a CMOS image processing system and a display screen. The CMOS image processing system includes a processor, a CMOS image sensor, a receiving reflector, and a receiving beam splitter. The receiving beam splitter is placed between the cubic prism and the autocollimating reticle so that the image of the crosshair reference line of the autocollimating reticle at the reflector passes through the objective lens, focusing lens, and cubic prism to the receiving beam splitter, and is reflected by the receiving beam splitter to the receiving reflector and the CMOS image sensor. The processor, display screen, and CMOS image sensor are electrically connected. The CMOS image sensor reads the position of the returned crosshair reference line image and feeds it back to the processor. The processor calculates the offset position and sends it to the display screen for display, realizing automatic detection of the crosshair reference line image without the need for real-time observation, aiming, and data reading.
[0006] Furthermore, the autocollimating total station also includes an upper housing and a leveling base. The bottom end of the upper housing is rotatably engaged with the leveling base so that the upper housing can rotate around the leveling base.
[0007] Furthermore, the autocollimating total station also includes a base, a tubular level is installed on the upper housing, and the leveling base is triangular in shape. The bottom of each apex of the leveling base is provided with a height-adjustable base screw between it and the base. By adjusting the height of the base screw, the leveling base and the upper housing are kept in a horizontal state.
[0008] Furthermore, the autocollimating total station also includes a telescope system mounting base, which is pivotally connected to the upper housing on both sides, so that the telescope system mounting base can be rotatably set to facilitate the rotation and adjustment of the telescope system.
[0009] Furthermore, a coarse aiming device is provided above the mounting base of the telescope system to facilitate coarse aiming observation of the reflector set at the distant target.
[0010] Furthermore, the image-rotating prism is an Abbe roof prism or a Proprism, which has a simple structure and can reduce the size of the telescope system. Furthermore, the light source and the ranging light source are laser light sources or LED light sources, which have good monochromaticity, strong directionality, and high brightness.
[0011] The working method of the above-mentioned autocollimating total station includes: the image of the crosshair reference line of the autocollimating reticle at the reflector passes through the objective lens, prism body, focusing lens, and cubic prism to the receiving beam splitter, and is reflected by the receiving beam splitter to the receiving reflector and CMOS image sensor. The CMOS image sensor reads the position of the returned crosshair reference line image and feeds it back to the processor. The processor calculates the offset position and sends it to the display screen for display, thereby realizing the automatic detection of the crosshair reference line image.
[0012] Technical effects of the invention: (1) Compared with the prior art, the autocollimating total station of the present invention adopts a range measuring system and an incident light source system in combination, so that the total station has a range measuring function; the main prism in the range measuring system is set with a prism body and first and second split mirrors, and the first and second split mirrors are respectively set towards the range measuring light source and the range measuring plate, so that only the prism body is placed on the optical axis of the telescope system, reducing the overall volume of the device and increasing the movement range of the focusing lens within the same volume range; (2) The CMOS image sensor can directly read the offset position of the returned crosshair reference image and send it to the display screen for display, realizing the automatic detection of the crosshair reference image without real-time observation, aiming and reading data; (3) The upper housing and the leveling base cooperate to allow the upper housing to rotate 360 degrees, and three base screws are set between the leveling base and the base, so that the leveling base can be adjusted to be horizontal; (4) The setting of the coarse aiming device can quickly observe the reflector, so that the autocollimating total station can roughly aim at the target, reducing the difficulty of adjustment. Attached Figure Description
[0013] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path structure of a Gaussian autocollimator in the prior art;
[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path structure of an Abbe-type autocollimator in the prior art;
[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path structure of a dual-reticle autocollimator in the prior art;
[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path structure of the autocollimating total station according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path structure of the photoelectric autocollimating total station according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
[0019] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the photoelectric autocollimating total station according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
[0020] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the main prism structure in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
[0021] In the diagram: upper housing 1, telescope system mounting base 10, base 11, leveling base 12, base foot screw 13, tube level 14, vertical adjustment knob 15, horizontal adjustment knob 16, display screen 17, coarse aiming device 18, eyepiece 2, telescope system 20, observation eyepiece 21, eyepiece reticle 22, image rotating prism 23, cubic prism 24, focusing lens 25, rangefinding system 30, rangefinding light source 31, receiving neutral density plate 32, main prism 33, first lens body 331, second lens body 332, prism body 333, rangefinding plate 34, incident light source 4, light source 41, ground glass 42, autocollimating reticle 43, CMOS image sensor 51, receiving reflector 52, receiving beam splitter 53, objective lens 7, reflector 8, reticle 90, beam splitter 91, prism 92. Implementation
[0022] Example 1: A self-collimating total station, its optical path system is as follows Figure 4As shown, the system includes a telescope system 20, an incident light source system, and a rangefinding system 30. The telescope system 20 includes an objective lens 7, a focusing lens 25, a cubic prism 24, and an eyepiece 21, all positioned on the same optical axis. An image-rotating prism 23 and an eyepiece reticle 22 are disposed between the eyepiece 21 and the cubic prism 24. The incident light source system includes a light source 41 and an autocollimating reticle 43, both positioned perpendicular to the optical axis of the telescope system 20. A frosted glass 42 is disposed between the light source 41 and the autocollimating reticle 43. A crosshair is provided on the autocollimating reticle 43. In other embodiments, the light source 41 can also have dotted light-transmitting lines. The light emitted from the light source 41 illuminates the autocollimating reticle 43 with cross-shaped light-transmitting lines after passing through the frosted glass 42. The ranging system 30 includes a ranging light source 31, a main prism 33, and a ranging plate 34. The main prism 33 includes a cuboid prism body 333 and a first segment 331 and a second segment 332 arranged in a V-shape. A reflective surface is provided between the first segment 331, the second segment 332 and the prism body 333. The main prism 33 is placed between the focusing lens 25 and the objective lens 7. The main body 333 is placed on the optical axis of the telescope system 20. The first lens body 331 is set towards the rangefinding light source 31, and the second lens body 332 is set towards the rangefinding plate 34. The bright crosshair reference line passes through the cubic prism 24, focusing lens 25, prism body 333, and objective lens 7 of the telescope system 20 to form outgoing light, which shines on the reflector 8 (or a reflector in other embodiments) placed at the distant target. The reflected bright crosshair reference line then passes through the objective lens 7 and focusing lens 25. After the reflected crosshair reference line passes through the cubic prism 24, it passes through the image-rotating prism. The image from mirror 23 is projected onto the eyepiece reticle 22. The observer uses eyepiece 21 to check the deviation between the reflected crosshair and the reference line on the eyepiece reticle 22, and adjusts the optical axis angle of the telescope system 20 to ensure the light is perpendicular to the reflector 8. When the ranging function is needed, the ranging laser emitted from the ranging light source 31 passes through the first mirror body 331, prism body 333, and objective lens 7 to reach the reflector 8. Part of the light reflected back from the reflector 8 passes through objective lens 7, prism body 333, and second mirror body 332 to reach the ranging plate 34, thus achieving the ranging function. The ranging system and the incident light source system are not aligned on the same straight line, which reduces the size of the collimator.
[0023] As a preferred embodiment, the autocollimating total station also includes a telescope system mounting base 10, an upper housing 1, and a leveling base 12, such as... Figure 6As shown, the telescope system 20 is placed inside the telescope system mounting base 10. The two sides of the telescope system mounting base 10 are pivotally connected to the upper housing 1, so that the telescope system mounting base 10 can be rotatably set to facilitate the rotation adjustment of the telescope system 20. A horizontal adjustment knob 16 is provided on the upper housing 1 to control the rotation angle of the upper housing 1. The bottom end of the upper housing 1 is pivotally connected to the leveling base 12 via a motor, so that the upper housing 1 can rotate around the pivot of the leveling base 12. A vertical adjustment knob 15 is provided on the upper housing 1 to control the rotation angle of the telescope system mounting base 10.
[0024] Preferably, the autocollimating total station also includes a base 11, a tubular level 14 is installed on the upper housing 1, and a leveling base 12 is arranged in a triangular shape. The bottom of each apex of the leveling base 12 is provided with a height-adjustable base screw 13 between it and the base 11. By adjusting the height of the base screw 13, the leveling base 12 and the upper housing 1 are kept in a horizontal state.
[0025] Preferably, a coarse aiming device 18 is provided above the telescope system mounting base 10 to facilitate coarse aiming observation of the reflector 8 set at a distant target.
[0026] Preferably, the image-reversing prism 23 is an Abbe roof prism or a Proprism, which has a simple structure and can reduce the size of the telescope system.
[0027] Preferably, the light source 41 and the ranging light source 31 are laser light sources or LED light sources, which have good monochromaticity, strong directionality and high brightness.
[0028] Preferably, a ranging light-reducing plate is placed between the first split-lens body and the ranging light source to control the brightness of the ranging laser.
[0029] Example 2
[0030] Based on Embodiment 1, the autocollimating total station of this embodiment also includes a CMOS image processing system and a display screen 17, and its optical path system is as follows: Figure 5As shown, the CMOS image processing system includes a processor (e.g., DSP, microcontroller, FPGA chip, etc.), a CMOS image sensor 51, a receiving reflector 52, and a receiving beam splitter 53. The receiving beam splitter 53 is placed between the cubic prism 24 and the autocollimating reticle 43 so that the image of the crosshair reference line of the autocollimating reticle 43 at the reflector 8 is transmitted through the objective lens 7, the prism body 333, the focusing lens 25, and the cubic prism 24 to the receiving beam splitter 53, and reflected by the receiving beam splitter 53 to the receiving reflector 52 and the CMOS image sensor 51. The processor, the display screen 17, and the CMOS image sensor 51 are electrically connected. The CMOS image sensor 51 reads the position of the returned crosshair reference line image and feeds it back to the processor. The processor calculates the offset position and sends it to the display screen 17 for display, realizing automatic detection of the crosshair reference line image without the need for real-time observation and aiming data reading.
[0031] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, these obvious variations or modifications derived from the spirit of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A working method for a self-collimating total station, characterized in that, The autocollimating total station includes a telescope system, an incident light source system, and a rangefinding system. The telescope system includes an objective lens, a focusing lens, a cubic prism, and an eyepiece all positioned on the same optical axis. An image-rotating prism and an eyepiece reticle are positioned between the eyepiece and the cubic prism. The incident light source system includes an incident light source and an autocollimating reticle positioned perpendicular to the optical axis of the telescope system. The rangefinding system includes a rangefinding light source, a main prism, and a rangefinding plate. The main prism includes a cuboid prism body and two V-shaped sub-prisms, a first sub-prism and a second sub-prism, with a reflective surface positioned between the first and second sub-prisms and the prism body. The main prism is positioned between the focusing lens and the objective lens. In the ranging system, only the prism body is placed on the optical axis of the telescope system. The first lens is positioned towards the ranging light source, and the second lens is positioned towards the ranging plate. This allows the outgoing light emitted from the incident light source to pass through the autocollimating reticle, cubic prism, focusing lens, prism body, and objective lens to reach the reflector. The image of the crosshairs of the autocollimating reticle at the reflector passes through the objective lens, prism body, focusing lens, cubic prism, and image-rotating prism to reach the eyepiece reticle. The ranging laser emitted from the ranging light source passes through the first lens, prism body, and objective lens to reach the reflector. A portion of the light reflected back from the reflector passes through the objective lens, prism body, and second lens to reach the ranging plate. The autocollimating total station also includes a CMOS image processing system and a display screen. The CMOS image processing system includes a processor, a CMOS image sensor, a receiving reflector, and a receiving beam splitter. The receiving beam splitter is placed between a cubic prism and an autocollimating reticle. The processor, display screen, and CMOS image sensor are electrically connected. The working method includes: the receiving beam splitter causes the image of the crosshair reference line of the autocollimating reticle at the reflector to pass through the objective lens, prism body, focusing lens, and cubic prism to the receiving beam splitter, which then reflects the image to the receiving reflector and CMOS image sensor. The CMOS image sensor reads the position of the returned crosshair reference line image and feeds it back to the processor. The processor calculates the offset position and sends it to the display screen for display, thereby realizing the automatic detection of the crosshair reference line image. The ranging system and the incident light source system are not positioned on the same straight line.
2. The working method of the autocollimating total station according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an upper housing and a leveling base, the bottom end of which is rotatably engaged with the leveling base so that the upper housing can rotate around the leveling base.
3. The working method of the autocollimating total station according to claim 2, characterized in that, The autocollimating total station also includes a base. A tubular level is installed on the upper housing. The leveling base is triangular in shape. The bottom of each apex of the leveling base is connected to the base with a height-adjustable base screw. By adjusting the height of the base screw, the leveling base and the upper housing are kept in a horizontal state.
4. The working method of the autocollimating total station according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a telescope system mounting base, the two sides of which are pivotally connected to the upper housing so that the telescope system mounting base can be rotatably mounted.
5. The working method of the autocollimating total station according to claim 4, characterized in that, A coarse aiming device is installed above the mounting base of the telescope system.
6. The working method of the autocollimating total station according to claim 5, characterized in that, The image-reversing prism is an Abbe roof prism or a Proprism.