Test apparatus and test method

Abstract

The test device includes a container 2, a test material 12 immersed in a solution 11 in the container 2 and metal bodies 13, 14, a clamp 3, an ammeter 16, and a voltmeter 17. The test material 12, the metal body 13, and the metal body 14 are made of the same metal material as each other and have the same surface area as each other. While the clamp 3 relatively rotating with respect to the test material 12 is pressed against the surface of the test material 12, the current between the test material 12 and the metal body 13 is measured by the ammeter 16, and the voltage between the metal body 13 and the metal body 14 is measured by the voltmeter 17.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to testing apparatus and testing methods, for example, to testing apparatus and testing methods for evaluating the resistance to wear and corrosion of metallic materials. Background Technology

[0002] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2006-322808 (Patent Document 1) discloses technology related to corrosion and wear testing methods and apparatus.

[0003] Existing technical documents

[0004] Patent documents

[0005] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2006-322808 Summary of the Invention

[0006] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0007] In resin product manufacturing equipment, the components of the equipment may experience wear and corrosion along with its operation. For example, an extrusion unit has a cylinder and a screw built into the cylinder. Resin material is supplied to the cylinder and mixed by the rotating screw. During this process, the rotating screw rubs against the inner wall of the cylinder, causing wear to the screw and cylinder. Furthermore, the screw and cylinder may also corrode due to corrosive components contained in the mixed resin material. Therefore, in order to develop screws and cylinders with high resistance to wear and corrosion, it is necessary to be able to appropriately evaluate the wear and corrosion resistance of the metal materials used for the screw or cylinder. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a testing apparatus and method that can appropriately evaluate the wear and corrosion resistance of metal materials.

[0008] Other topics and new features can be found in the description and figures in this specification.

[0009] Methods for solving problems

[0010] According to one embodiment, the testing apparatus includes: a container; a sample, a first metal body, and a second metal body, immersed in a solution within the container; a clamp; a current measuring unit; and a voltage measuring unit. The sample, the first metal body, and the second metal body are made of the same metallic material and have the same surface area. While pressing the clamp, which rotates relative to the sample, onto the surface of the sample, the current measuring unit measures the current between the sample and the first metal body, and the voltage measuring unit measures the voltage between the first metal body and the second metal body.

[0011] According to one embodiment, the test method includes the following steps: (a) preparing a test apparatus having a container, a sample immersed in a solution within the container, a first metal body, and a second metal body; and (b) while pressing a clamp rotating relative to the sample onto the surface of the sample, measuring the current between the sample and the first metal body using a current measuring unit, and measuring the voltage between the first metal body and the second metal body using a voltage measuring unit. The sample, the first metal body, and the second metal body are made of the same metallic material and have the same surface area.

[0012] The effects of the invention

[0013] According to one implementation method, the resistance of the sample to wear and corrosion can be properly evaluated. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an extrusion apparatus.

[0015] Figure 2 This is an explanatory diagram showing a test apparatus according to one embodiment.

[0016] Figure 3 This is an illustrative diagram schematically showing the sample and metal body arranged in a container within a test apparatus according to one embodiment.

[0017] Figure 4 This is an illustrative diagram schematically showing the sample and metal body arranged in a container within a test apparatus according to one embodiment.

[0018] Figure 5 This is a chart showing an example of the measured values ​​of the ammeter and the voltmeter.

[0019] Figure 6 This is an explanatory diagram showing the test apparatus for other embodiments.

[0020] Figure 7 It is shown Figure 2 A diagram illustrating a modified example of the experimental apparatus. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The embodiments are described in detail below based on the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that throughout the drawings describing the embodiments, components with the same function are labeled with the same reference numerals, and repeated descriptions are omitted. Furthermore, in the following embodiments, unless specifically required, identical or similar parts will generally not be described repeatedly.

[0022] (Implementation Method 1)

[0023] <Research Process>

[0024] In resin product manufacturing apparatuses, the constituent parts (metal components) of the apparatus may experience wear and corrosion in conjunction with its operation. This is because the manufacture of resin products requires the mixing of resin materials, but the constituent parts (metal components) involved in this mixing process experience friction and wear in conjunction with the operation of the manufacturing apparatus. Furthermore, corrosive components contained in the mixed resin materials, such as gases generated from flame retardants added to the resin materials, may also cause corrosion of the constituent parts (metal components) involved in the resin mixing process. In other words, the constituent parts (metal components) involved in the resin mixing process in resin product manufacturing apparatuses may experience wear and corrosion.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram (side view) showing an example of an extrusion device (extruder) 21. It should be noted that... Figure 1 In the middle, for ease of understanding, the screw 23 built into the cylinder 22 is shown in perspective.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, a typical extrusion apparatus 21, used for manufacturing resin products, includes a cylinder 22 and a screw 23 built into the cylinder 22. Resin material or the like is supplied into the cylinder 22 from a hopper (resin feeding section) 24, and the screw 23, which is rotated by a rotary drive mechanism 25, mixes the resin material or the like. Inside the cylinder 22, the resin material, mixed and conveyed by the rotating screw 23, is extruded from a die (film, die) 26 mounted at the front end of the cylinder 22.

[0027] The screw 23 is a component (metal part) involved in resin compounding. During extrusion of the extruder 21, wear may occur due to friction between the rotating screw 23 and the inner wall of the cylinder 22. Furthermore, corrosion may occur due to corrosive components contained in the compounded resin material, such as gases generated from flame retardants added to the resin material.

[0028] The inventors of this application are engaged in the development of apparatus for manufacturing resin products (e.g., extrusion apparatus). For the constituent components (metal parts) involved in resin compounding within such apparatus, there is a requirement for improved resistance to wear and corrosion. Therefore, for the metal materials used in the constituent components (metal parts) involved in resin compounding, there is a requirement to be able to appropriately evaluate their resistance to wear and corrosion. For example, in order to develop screws and cylinders with high resistance to wear and corrosion, there is a requirement to be able to appropriately evaluate the resistance to wear and corrosion of the metal materials used for the screws or cylinders. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a testing apparatus and testing method that can appropriately evaluate the resistance to wear and corrosion of metal materials.

[0029] Therefore, the inventors of this application have studied a test apparatus and test method (evaluation method) for evaluating the resistance to wear and corrosion of metallic materials.

[0030] <Test apparatus for evaluating resistance to wear and corrosion>

[0031] Figure 2 This is an explanatory diagram showing the test apparatus (evaluation apparatus) 1 of this embodiment. Figure 3 and Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the arrangement of the sample 12 and metal bodies 13 and 14 within container 2 of the test apparatus 1. It should be noted that... Figure 3 The diagram shows the stage before the front end (pressure head 3a) of the rotating clamp 3 presses (rubs) against the surface of the sample 12. Therefore, in Figure 3 In the sample 12, no wear marks 15 were formed on the surface. On the other hand, Figure 4 The image shows a state in which wear marks 15 are formed on the surface of the sample 12 by pressing (rubbing) the front end (pressure head 3a) of the clamp 3, which rotates relative to the sample 12, against the surface of the sample 12.

[0032] Figure 2 The test apparatus 1 shown in this embodiment includes a container 2 and a friction clamp 3. A solution (corrosive solution) 11 is stored in the container 2. A sample (metal sample) 12 made of metallic material and metal bodies 13 and 14 are immersed in the solution 11 stored in the container 2 (see [link to documentation]). Figure 3 The sample 12 and metal bodies 13 and 14, disposed within container 2, can be fixed relative to container 2 to prevent unnecessary movement within container 2. It should be noted that... Figure 3 and Figure 4 Metal bodies 13 and 14 are shown in the diagram. Figure 2 For simplicity, the illustrations of metal bodies 13 and 14 are omitted.

[0033] Sample 12 is a test piece made of a metallic material whose resistance to wear and corrosion is to be evaluated. Solution 11 stored in container 2 is a solution that has the effect of corroding metal (metallic material) (corrosive solution). For example, an acidic solution such as sulfuric acid solution (acidic aqueous solution) can be used appropriately, but an alkaline solution (alkaline aqueous solution) may also be used.

[0034] The clamp 3 is configured to rotate via a motor 4. The motor 4 actuates the clamp 3, causing it to rotate about its axis. A rigid indenter 3a is mounted (fixed) at the front end of the clamp 3. Preferably, the indenter 3a is made of a material with a hardness higher than that of the sample 12. For example, an alumina ball can be used as the indenter 3a. Additionally, a torque sensor 6 can be mounted on the clamp 3. The indenter 3a can also be considered part of the clamp 3 (front end).

[0035] Container 2 is supported at one end of rod 7. A counterweight 8 can be installed at the other end of rod 7. Rod 7 can rotate about a fulcrum (axis) 9 and can function as a so-called "lever". Under the action of the counterweight 8 installed at the other end of rod 7, the other end of rod 7 (the end with the counterweight 8 installed) descends, and one end of rod 7 (the end supporting container 2) rises, thereby generating a force that lifts container 2 upward, and generating a force that presses the sample 12 disposed in container 2 against the front end (pressure head 3a) of the rotating clamp 3. By adjusting the weight of the counterweight 8, the force that the front end (pressure head 3a) of the rotating clamp 3 presses against the sample 12 can be controlled; in other words, the force (load) that the front end (pressure head 3a) of the rotating clamp 3 presses against the sample 12 can be controlled.

[0036] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the sample 12 moves upward together with the container 2, and the sample 12 is pressed (rubbed) by the front end (pressure head 3a) of the rotating clamp 3. Considering the relative relationship between the sample 12 and the clamp 3, this is equivalent to the front end (pressure head 3a) of the clamp 3 rotating relative to the sample 12 being pressed (rubbed) by the sample 12. On the other hand, in the embodiment 2 described later, the front end (pressure head 3a) of the clamp 3 is pressed (rubbed) by the sample 12 rotating together with the container 2. Considering the relative relationship between the sample 12 and the clamp 3, this is also equivalent to the front end (pressure head 3a) of the clamp 3 rotating relative to the sample 12 being pressed (rubbed) by the sample 12. Therefore, in both this embodiment and the embodiment 2 described later, it can be considered that the front end (pressure head 3a) of the clamp 3 rotating relative to the sample 12 is pressed (rubbed) by the sample 12 inside the container 2 (i.e., in the solution 11).

[0037] The sample 12 is pressed (rubbed) against the surface of the sample 12 inside the container 2 (in the solution 11) by the front end (pressure head 3a) of the clamp 3, which rotates relative to the sample 12. As a result, the surface of the sample 12 is worn due to the friction of the front end (pressure head 3a) of the clamp 3, resulting in wear marks 15 on the surface of the sample 12 (see Figure 14). Wear marks 15 are formed at the contact points on the surface of the sample 12 that come into contact with the front end (pressure head 3a) of the clamp 3. Wear marks 15 are indentations caused by mechanical grinding (abrasion) of the sample 12 due to the friction of the front end (pressure head 3a) of the rotating clamp 3 relative to the sample 12.

[0038] Sample 12, metal body 13, and metal body 14 are each made of a metallic material. The characteristic is that sample 12, metal body 13, and metal body 14 are made of the same metallic material and have the same surface area. For example, sample 12, metal body 13, and metal body 14 may all be made of the same type of stainless steel, and the surface areas of sample 12, metal body 13, and metal body 14 may be identical.

[0039] Sample 12, metal body 13, and metal body 14 are immersed in a common corrosive solution 11, specifically, in the corrosive solution 11 contained in container 2. Furthermore, the current flowing between sample 12 and metal body 13 can be measured using a galvanometer (current measuring device, current measuring unit, DC galvanometer) 16. Additionally, the voltage (potential difference) between metal body 13 and metal body 14 can be measured using a voltmeter (voltage measuring device, voltage measuring unit, DC voltmeter) 17. Therefore, the test apparatus 1 also includes a galvanometer 16 as a current measuring unit and a voltmeter 17 as a voltage measuring unit. The galvanometer 16 and voltmeter 17 can be disposed outside container 2. Alternatively, the voltage (potential difference) between sample 12 and metal body 14 can also be measured using voltmeter 17. It should be noted that... Figure 3 The image shows ammeter 16 and voltmeter 17, but... Figure 2 For simplicity, the illustrations of ammeter 16 and voltmeter 17 are omitted.

[0040] Of the sample 12, metal body 13, and metal body 14, the sample 12 is pressed (rubbed) by the front end (pressure head 3a) of the rotating clamp 3. The metal bodies 13 and 14 are not pressed (rubbed) by the front end (pressure head 3a) of the rotating clamp 3. Therefore, the sample 12 produces wear marks 15, while the metal bodies 13 and 14 do not produce wear marks 15.

[0041] <Test methods for evaluating resistance to wear and corrosion>

[0042] Next, a method for evaluating (testing) the resistance to wear and corrosion of a sample 12 made of metallic material using the test apparatus 1 of this embodiment will be described.

[0043] Using a metallic material whose resistance to wear and corrosion is to be evaluated, test specimen 12 and metal bodies 13 and 14 are prepared. For example, an alternative metallic material is selected for use in a component (screw or cylinder, etc.) involved in resin compounding in a resin product manufacturing apparatus (e.g., an extrusion apparatus), and test specimen 12 and metal bodies 13 and 14 are prepared using this alternative metallic material. Test specimen 12 and metal bodies 13 and 14 can all be made of metal sheets (plate-like parts), made of the same metallic material, and have the same surface area. To make the surface area the same, the shapes of test specimen 12, metal body 13, and metal body 14 can be the same. For example, test specimen 12 and metal bodies 13 and 14 can be made as plate-like parts with the same planar dimensions (planar area). It should be noted that at this stage, if Figure 3 As shown, no wear marks 15 were formed on the sample 12.

[0044] Then, the sample 12 and metal bodies 13 and 14 are placed in container 2 of the test apparatus 1, and a corrosive solution 11 is added. Thus, as... Figure 3 As shown, the sample 12 and metal bodies 13 and 14 are immersed in solution 11 in container 2. In principle, the so-called three-electrode method is used, with sample 12 acting as the active electrode, metal body 13 acting as the counter electrode, and metal body 14 acting as the reference electrode.

[0045] Therefore, as Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the clamp 3 rotates under the action of the motor 4, and the container 2 rises due to the load of the counterweight 8. The sample 12 inside the container 2 (in the solution 11) is pressed by the front end (pressure head 3a) of the clamp 3. Thus, the front end (pressure head 3a) of the clamp 3, which rotates relative to the sample 12, presses (rubs) against the sample 12 inside the container 2 (in the solution 11). The surface of the sample 12 is worn due to the friction of the front end (pressure head 3a) of the clamp 3. Figure 4 As shown, wear marks 15 are generated on the surface of sample 12.

[0046] Ammeter 16 measures (monitors) the current flowing between sample 12 and metal body 13, and voltmeter 17 measures (monitors) the voltage (potential difference) between metal body 13 and metal body 14. The monitoring by ammeter 16 and voltmeter 17 begins before friction based on the front end (pressure head 3a) of the rotating clamp 3 is generated on sample 12, and continues during the period when friction based on the front end (pressure head 3a) of the rotating clamp 3 is generated on sample 12.

[0047] Sample 12, metal body 13, and metal body 14 are made of the same metallic material and have the same surface area. Therefore, before friction based on the rotating clamp 3 occurs on sample 12, the measured values ​​of galvanometer 16 (current flowing between sample 12 and metal body 13) and voltmeter 17 (voltage between metal body 13 and metal body 14) are essentially zero or very small. This is because the amount of metal ions dissolved into the corrosive solution 11 from sample 12, metal body 13, and metal body 14 is approximately the same.

[0048] However, after friction occurs on the sample 12 at the front end (pressure head 3a) of the rotating clamp 3, the surface state of the sample 12 changes due to the friction (resulting in wear marks 15). Consequently, the amount of metal ions dissolved from the sample 12 into the corrosive solution 11 differs from the amount of metal ions dissolved from the metal bodies 13 and 14 into the corrosive solution 11, respectively. As a result, current flows between the sample 12 and the metal body 13, and a voltage (potential difference) is generated between the metal bodies 13 and 14. This current and voltage can be measured (monitored) by the ammeter 16 and voltmeter 17, respectively.

[0049] For example, considering the wear marks 15 generated on the sample 12 due to the friction of the fixture 3, metal ions easily dissolve from the sample 12 into the solution 11. The amount of metal ions dissolving from the sample 12 into the corrosive solution 11 is greater than the amount of metal ions dissolving from the metal bodies 13 and 14 into the corrosive solution 11, respectively. In this case, the electrons generated when the metal constituting the sample 12 dissolves into the solution 11 and becomes metal ions (and...) Figure 4 The e shown - (Corresponding) moves from sample 12 to metal body 13, therefore, the current (and) Figure 4 The current i shown flows from the metal body 13 to the sample 12, and this current is measured (monitored) by the ammeter 16. In addition, electrons generated by the metal constituting the sample 12 dissolving into the solution 11 to become metal ions move from the sample 12 to the metal body 13. Therefore, the potential of the metal body 13 is lower than the potential of the metal body 14, and this potential difference is measured (monitored) by the voltmeter 17.

[0050] Therefore, during the stage after the sample 12 experiences friction due to the rotating clamp 3, the surface condition of the sample 12 changes due to the friction (resulting in wear marks 15). As a result, current flows between the sample 12 and the metal body 13, and a voltage (potential difference) is generated between the metal body 13 and the metal body 14. The readings of the galvanometer 16 (current flowing between the sample 12 and the metal body 13) and the voltmeter 17 (voltage between the metal body 13 and the metal body 14) at this time are solely due to the change in the surface condition of the sample 12 caused by friction (resulting in wear marks 15). Therefore, because the surface condition of the sample 12 changes due to friction (resulting in wear marks 15), the change in the corrosivity of the sample 12 can be determined based on the readings of the galvanometer 16 (current flowing between the sample 12 and the metal body 13) and the voltmeter 17 (voltage between the metal body 13 and the metal body 14). For example, a large reading on the ammeter 16 and voltmeter 17 indicates that the metal constituting the sample 12 is more easily dissolved into the solution 11 due to friction (easily ionized), meaning that the sample 12 is more easily corroded due to friction. Therefore, the extent to which the corrosivity of the sample 12 is affected by friction can be determined based on whether the readings on the ammeter 16 and voltmeter 17 after friction with the rotating clamp 3 are large or small.

[0051] Figure 5 This is a graph showing an example of the measured values ​​of ammeter 16 (current flowing between sample 12 and metal body 13) and voltmeter 17 (voltage between metal body 13 and metal body 14). Figure 5 The horizontal axis of the chart corresponds to time. Figure 5 In the chart, the range marked "in friction" corresponds to the range of friction generated by the rotating clamp 3 in sample 12. Figure 5 The vertical axis of the graph corresponds to either current (measured by ammeter 16) or voltage (measured by voltmeter 17). Figure 5 The diagram shows that before the sample 12 generates friction based on the rotating clamp 3, the measured values ​​(current) of the ammeter 16 and (voltage) of the voltmeter 17 are close to zero. If the sample 12 generates friction based on the rotating clamp 3, the current flows between the sample 12 and the metal body 13 due to the change in the surface state of the sample 12 (generating wear marks 15), and a potential difference (voltage) is generated between the metal body 13 and the metal body 14.

[0052] Furthermore, the resistance of the sample 12 to mechanical wear can be determined by measuring the size of the wear mark 15. For example, after pressing the front end (pressure head 3a) of the rotating clamp 3 onto the surface of the sample 12 for a predetermined time, the sample 12 is removed from the container 2, and the size of the wear mark 15 formed on the surface of the sample 12 is measured. At this time, for example, the size of the wear mark 15 can be measured using a shape measuring machine. Alternatively, the surface and cross-section of the sample 12 can be photographed, and the size of the wear mark 15 can be measured based on the surface and cross-sectional photographs. Moreover, if the diameter and depth of the wear mark 15 are small, the sample 12 is difficult to be ground (weared) even if the front end (pressure head 3a) of the rotating clamp 3 is pressed, that is, it can be determined that the resistance of the sample 12 to mechanical wear is high. Furthermore, if the diameter and depth of the wear mark 15 are large, the sample 12 will be easily ground (weared) by pressing the front end of the rotating clamp 3 (pressure head 3a), that is, it can be determined that the sample 12 has low resistance to mechanical wear.

[0053] Therefore, in the first case where test sample 12 and metal bodies 13 and 14 are prepared using a certain metal material A, and in the second case where test sample 12 and metal bodies 13 and 14 are prepared using another metal material B, the above-mentioned tests are performed using test apparatus 1. This allows it to be determined which of the metal materials A and B has higher resistance to wear and corrosion. In both the first and second cases, the test conditions are the same. Specifically, in both cases, the solution 11 is the same (same composition and concentration), the rotation speed of the clamp 3 is the same, the force (load) applied to the rotating clamp 3 by the test sample 12 is the same, and the time for which the rotating clamp 3 is pressed against the surface of the test sample 12 is also the same. Furthermore, in both the first and second cases, it is preferable that the shape (especially the surface area) of the test sample 12 is the same. Furthermore, in both the first and second cases, the size of the wear mark 15 formed on the surface of the sample 12 is measured. If the size of the wear mark 15 in the second case is smaller than that in the first case, it can be determined that the metal material B used in the second case has higher resistance to mechanical wear compared to the metal material A used in the first case. Conversely, if the size of the wear mark 15 in the first case is smaller than that in the second case, it can be determined that the metal material A used in the first case has higher resistance to mechanical wear compared to the metal material B used in the second case.

[0054] In both cases 1 and 2, with the front end (pressure head 3a) of the rotating clamp 3 pressed against the surface of the sample 12, the current flowing between the sample 12 and the metal body 13 is measured (monitored) by the ammeter 16, and the voltage between the metal body 13 and the metal body 14 is measured (monitored) by the voltmeter 17. The measured values ​​of the ammeter 16 (current flowing between the sample 12 and the metal body 13) and the voltmeter 17 (voltage between the metal body 13 and the metal body 14) in case 1 are compared with those in case 2. If the measured values ​​of the ammeter 16 and the voltmeter 17 in case 2 are less than those in case 1, then compared with the metal material A used in case 1, the metal material B used in case 2 is less corrosive even when friction occurs, and can be judged to have high resistance to corrosion. Furthermore, if the measured values ​​of the ammeter 16 and the voltmeter 17 in the first case are less than those in the second case, then compared with the metal material B used in the second case, the metal material A used in the first case is less corrosive even when friction occurs, and can be judged to have high resistance to corrosion.

[0055] Therefore, test samples 12 and metal bodies 13 and 14 are made using various metal materials, and the above-mentioned tests are performed on them using the testing apparatus 1. The smaller the size of the wear mark 15, the higher the resistance to mechanical wear can be determined. In addition, even if the size of the wear mark 15 is small, if the current flowing between the test sample 12 and the metal body 13 and the voltage between the metal body 13 and the metal body 14 is large when the rotating clamp 3 is pressed against the surface of the test sample 12, then the resistance to corrosion can be determined to be low. Therefore, when the size of the wear mark 15 is small and the rotating clamp 3 is pressed against the surface of the test sample 12, it is possible to find the metal material (the metal material used in test sample 12 and metal bodies 13 and 14) with a smaller current flowing between the test sample 12 and the metal body 13 and the voltage between the metal body 13 and the metal body 14) to identify the metal material with high resistance to mechanical wear and chemical corrosion. By using this metal material to manufacture components (such as screws or cylinders) involved in resin compounding, the reliability and performance of resin product manufacturing equipment (such as extrusion equipment) can be improved.

[0056] Alternatively, by preparing sample 12 and metal bodies 13 and 14 using alternative metal materials for components (e.g., screws or cylinders) involved in resin compounding, and conducting the aforementioned tests using test apparatus 1, the resistance of the metal material to mechanical wear and chemical corrosion can be evaluated. This allows determination of whether the alternative metal material is suitable for use in components (e.g., screws or cylinders) involved in resin compounding. Consequently, the reliability and performance of resin product manufacturing apparatus (e.g., extrusion apparatus) can be improved.

[0057] Here, unlike the embodiment described herein, it is assumed that the sample 12, metal body 13, and metal body 14 are made of different materials. In this case, before the sample 12 generates friction based on the rotating clamp 3, current flows between the sample 12 and the metal body 13 due to the difference in ionization tendency between the sample 12 and the metal body 13. Therefore, in the stage after the sample 12 generates friction based on the rotating clamp 3, the current flowing between the sample 12 and the metal body 13 and the voltage generated between the metal body 13 and the metal body 14 are not only caused by the change in the surface state of the sample 12 due to friction (resulting in wear marks 15), but also reflect the difference in ionization tendency between the metal material constituting the sample 12 and the metal material constituting the metal body 13. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately estimate the extent to which the corrosivity (susceptibility to solubility in solution 11) of the sample 12 changes due to friction based on the current flowing between the sample 12 and the metal body 13 and the voltage generated between the metal body 13 and the metal body 14.

[0058] Furthermore, if the sample 12, metal body 13, and metal body 14 are made of different materials, and the sample 12 develops wear marks 15 due to friction from the rotating clamp 3, a current (internal current) may flow in the sample 12 due to the action of an internal battery. The current flowing between the sample 12 and the metal body 13 may decrease according to the magnitude of its internal current. From this perspective, it is also difficult to accurately estimate the extent to which the corrosivity (susceptibility to solubility in solution 11) of the sample 12 changes due to friction based on the current flowing between the sample 12 and the metal body 13 and the voltage generated between the metal body 13 and the metal body 14.

[0059] Furthermore, suppose that sample 12, metal body 13, and metal body 14 are made of the same material, but their surface areas are different. In this case, after friction occurs at the front end (pressure head 3a) of the rotating clamp 3 on sample 12, the current flowing between sample 12 and metal body 13, and the voltage generated between metal body 13 and metal body 14, are not only affected by the change in the surface condition of sample 12 due to friction (resulting in wear marks 15), but also by the difference in surface areas of sample 12, metal body 13, and metal body 14. From this perspective, it is difficult to accurately estimate the extent to which the corrosivity of sample 12 (the solubility of solution 11) changes due to friction based on the current flowing between sample 12 and metal body 13, and the voltage generated between metal body 13 and metal body 14.

[0060] In contrast, in this embodiment, the sample 12, metal body 13, and metal body 14 are made of the same metallic material and have the same surface area. Therefore, after friction occurs between the sample 12 and the front end (pressure head 3a) of the rotating clamp 3, the current flowing between the sample 12 and metal body 13, and the voltage generated between metal body 13 and metal body 14, can be affected solely by the surface condition of the sample 12 due to friction (resulting in wear marks 15). Therefore, the extent to which the corrosivity of the sample 12 (the solubility of the solution 11) changes due to friction can be accurately estimated based on the current flowing between the sample 12 and metal body 13 and the voltage generated between metal body 13 and metal body 14.

[0061] In this way, the test apparatus and test method according to this embodiment can be used to appropriately evaluate the resistance of metallic materials to wear and corrosion. As a result, it is possible to select suitable metallic materials (i.e., metallic materials with high resistance to wear and corrosion) for components (e.g., screws or cylinders) involved in resin compounding, thereby improving the reliability and performance of resin product manufacturing apparatus (e.g., extrusion apparatus).

[0062] (Implementation Method 2)

[0063] Figure 6 This is an explanatory diagram showing the test apparatus (evaluation apparatus) 1a of Embodiment 2.

[0064] The main difference between the test apparatus 1 of Embodiment 1 and the test apparatus 1a of Embodiment 2 is that, in the test apparatus 1 of Embodiment 1, the sample 12 does not rotate while the friction clamp 3 rotates, whereas in the test apparatus 1a of Embodiment 2, the friction clamp 3 does not rotate while the sample 12 rotates. To achieve this, a portion of the configuration of the test apparatus 1 of Embodiment 1 and the test apparatus 1a of Embodiment 2 differs.

[0065] Specifically Figure 6 The test apparatus 1a shown includes a container 2 and a friction clamp 3. The motor 4a rotates the container 2 without rotating the clamp 3. That is, the container 2 is configured to rotate via the motor 4a. Similar to the test apparatus 1 of Embodiment 1 described above, in the test apparatus 1a of this Embodiment 2, as described above… Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the sample 12 and metal bodies 13 and 14 are also impregnated in the solution 11 stored in container 2. It should be noted that, as described above... Figure 2 Similarly, in Figure 6 For simplicity, the illustrations of metal bodies 13 and 14, ammeter 16, and voltmeter 17 are omitted.

[0066] In this embodiment 2, the sample 12, metal body 13, and metal body 14 are also made of the same metallic material and have the same surface area. The sample 12 and metal bodies 13 and 14 disposed in the container 2 can be fixed relative to the container 2 to prevent unnecessary movement within the container 2. When the container 2 is rotated by the motor 4a, the sample 12 disposed in the container 2 rotates together with the container 2.

[0067] A rigid pressure head 3a is mounted on the front end of the clamp 3. The front end of the clamp 3 (pressure head 3a) presses (rubs) against the surface of the sample 12, which rotates together with the container 2. As a result, the surface of the sample 12 is worn by the friction of the front end of the clamp 3 (pressure head 3a), as described above. Figure 4 As shown, wear marks 15 are generated on the surface of sample 12.

[0068] like Figure 6 As shown, the clamp 3 is supported at one end of the rod 7a. The rod 7a can rotate about the fulcrum (axis) 9a and can function as a so-called "lever". In addition, the rod 7a can also rotate in the horizontal direction. A load sensor 10a is provided at the other end of the rod 7a. The load sensor 10a can be used to measure the coefficient of friction when the front end (pressure head 3a) of the clamp 3 presses against the rotating sample 12. In addition, a counterweight 8a for load application can be provided at the rear end of the clamp 3. By adjusting the weight of the counterweight 8a, the force (load) of the front end (pressure head 3a) of the clamp 3 pressing against the rotating sample 12 can be controlled.

[0069] It should be noted that, in the case of the test apparatus 1 of Embodiment 1 described above, a load sensor can also be used, and this is shown in... Figure 7 . Figure 7 This is an explanatory diagram showing a modified example of the test apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 1 described above. Figure 7 In this case, a load sensor 10 is installed on the rod connected to the container 2.

[0070] In the above implementation method 1 ( Figure 2 , Figure 7 In this embodiment 2, the sample 12 does not rotate while the friction clamp 3 rotates. Figure 6 In this embodiment, the friction clamp 3 does not rotate while the sample 12 rotates. The relative rotation of the friction clamp 3 with respect to the sample 12 is the same in both Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2. That is, in either Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, the surface of the sample 12 is worn due to the friction of the front end (pressure head 3a) of the clamp 3 relative to the sample 12, resulting in wear marks 15 on the surface of the sample 12.

[0071] Similar to Embodiment 1 above, in Embodiment 2, the current flowing between the sample 12 and the metal body 13 is measured (monitored) using the ammeter 16, and the voltage (potential difference) between the metal body 13 and the metal body 14 is measured (monitored) using the voltmeter 17.

[0072] In the above embodiment 1, the sample 12 does not rotate while the friction clamp 3 rotates. In contrast, in this embodiment 2... Figure 6 In this embodiment, the friction clamp 3 does not rotate while the sample 12 rotates. Otherwise, similar to the case of using the test apparatus 1 of embodiment 1 described above, the test apparatus 1a of this embodiment 2 can be used to evaluate (test) the resistance of the sample 12 to wear and corrosion.

[0073] Since the ammeter 16 and voltmeter 17 are disposed outside the container 2, wiring (conductor wires) is required to electrically connect the ammeter 16 and voltmeter 17 to the sample 12 and the metal bodies 13 and 14. Therefore, in Embodiment 1 described above, where the container 2 can be kept from rotating, the electrical connection between the ammeter 16 and voltmeter 17 and the sample 12 and the metal bodies 13 and 14 can be easily ensured. On the other hand, in Embodiment 2 where the container 2 is rotated, for example, by removing the wiring (conductor wire) connecting the sample 12 and the metal bodies 13 and 14 inside the container 2 from the hollow motor 4a and connecting it to the ammeter 16 and voltmeter 17, the ammeter 16 and voltmeter 17 can be electrically connected to the sample 12 and the metal bodies 13 and 14 via wiring.

[0074] The invention proposed by the inventors of this application has been specifically described above based on the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from its spirit.

[0075] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0076] 1.1a Test Apparatus

[0077] 2 containers

[0078] 3. Fixture

[0079] 3a Indenter

[0080] 4 motors

[0081] 6 Torque Sensor

[0082] 7, 7a rod

[0083] 8,8a counterweight

[0084] 9, 9a fulcrum

[0085] 10, 10a load sensor

[0086] 11 solutions

[0087] 12 Samples

[0088] 13, 14 Metallic bodies

[0089] 15 Wear marks

[0090] 16. Ammeter

[0091] 17. Voltmeter

[0092] 21 Extrusion Unit

[0093] 22-cylinder block

[0094] 23 Screw

[0095] 24 hoppers

[0096] 25 Rotary drive mechanism

[0097] 26 molds

Claims

1. A testing apparatus, characterized in that, Include: container; The sample, the first metal body, and the second metal body are immersed in the solution in the container; A clamp that presses against the sample; A current measuring unit that measures the current between the sample and the first metal body; as well as The voltage measuring unit measures the voltage between the first metal body and the second metal body. The sample, the first metal body, and the second metal body are made of the same metallic material and have the same surface area. While pressing the clamp, which is rotated relative to the sample, onto the surface of the sample, the current between the sample and the first metal body is measured by the current measuring unit, and the voltage between the first metal body and the second metal body is measured by the voltage measuring unit.

2. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The test sample was made of a metallic material whose resistance to wear and corrosion was to be evaluated.

3. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sample is made from the metal material used in the components involved in resin mixing in the resin product manufacturing apparatus.

4. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sample is made of the metal material used in the screw or cylinder of the resin product manufacturing apparatus.

5. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamp is rotated, thereby rotating relative to the sample.

6. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sample rotates with the container as the container rotates, and the clamp rotates relative to the sample.

7. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Abrasion marks are formed on the surface of the sample by pressing the clamp, which rotates relative to the sample, against the surface of the sample.

8. The test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solution is either acidic or alkaline.

9. A test method, characterized in that, Includes the following processes: (a) A test apparatus is prepared, wherein the test apparatus comprises: a container; a sample, a first metal body, and a second metal body immersed in a solution in the container; a clamp for pressing the sample; a current measuring unit; and a voltage measuring unit; and (b) While pressing the clamp, which is rotated relative to the sample, onto the surface of the sample, the current between the sample and the first metal body is measured by the current measuring unit, and the voltage between the first metal body and the second metal body is measured by the voltage measuring unit. The sample, the first metal body, and the second metal body are made of the same metallic material and have the same surface area.

10. The test method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The test sample was made of a metallic material whose resistance to wear and corrosion was to be evaluated.

11. The test method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The sample is made from the metal material used in the components involved in resin mixing in the resin product manufacturing apparatus.

12. The test method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The sample is made of the metal material used in the screw or cylinder of the resin product manufacturing apparatus.

13. The test method according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step (b), the clamp is rotated so that the clamp is rotated relative to the sample.

14. The test method according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step (b), the sample rotates together with the container by rotating the container, and the fixture rotates relative to the sample.

15. The test method according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step (b), the clamp, which rotates relative to the sample, presses against the surface of the sample, thereby forming wear marks on the surface of the sample.

16. The test method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The solution is either an acidic solution or an alkaline solution.

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