A buffer and railway vehicle

Abstract

The application provides a buffer and a railway vehicle, the buffer comprising a rubber elastic system, the rubber elastic system comprising a plurality of rubber units stacked in sequence along an axial direction, the rubber elastic system further comprising a pre-compression device, at least one of the plurality of rubber units being pre-compressed into a pre-compressed rubber unit by the pre-compression device, and at least one of the plurality of rubber units being a natural rubber unit which is not pre-compressed. The buffer further comprises a friction system, the impedance force of the buffer being mainly provided by the rubber elastic system, and the friction system only providing a small part of the impedance force. A quick release hole is further arranged on the shell, and a stopper is arranged on a support seat of the friction system. The buffer can meet the use requirements of the railway vehicle, has high overall stability, and the friction block of the friction system can be quickly disassembled, so that the maintenance efficiency of the friction system is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of railway vehicle technology, and in particular to a buffer and a railway vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Buffers are important components of railway vehicles, usually located in the middle of the vehicle, and are used to transmit and mitigate the impact force between vehicles and maintain a certain distance between them.

[0003] Conventional buffers typically employ a steel spring elastic system. This type of buffer has low stiffness when the compression stroke is small, making it unable to quickly achieve a large resistance force. Conversely, when the compression stroke is large, the stiffness becomes very high, thus preventing the achievement of a large compression capacity with a small resistance force. Therefore, it cannot meet the requirements of railway vehicle operation.

[0004] Therefore, how to improve the buffer to meet the needs of railway vehicles is a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides a buffer, the buffer including a rubber elastic system, the rubber elastic system including multiple layers of rubber units stacked sequentially along the axial direction, the rubber elastic system further including a pre-compression device, at least one layer of the multiple rubber units is pre-compressed by the pre-compression device to become a pre-compressed rubber unit, and at least one layer of the multiple rubber units is an uncompressed natural rubber unit.

[0006] In one embodiment of the buffer, the pre-compression device includes a first partition, a second partition, and an axially extendable telescopic assembly. The first partition and the second partition are spaced apart axially and connected by the telescopic assembly. The pre-compression rubber unit is provided with a through hole and is located between the first partition and the second partition, and is sleeved on the telescopic assembly through the through hole.

[0007] In one embodiment of the buffer, the telescopic assembly includes a sleeve and a pull rod, both of which extend axially. A first end of the sleeve is connected to a first partition, and a first end of the pull rod is connected to a second partition. A second end of the pull rod is inserted into the second end of the sleeve. The second end of the pull rod and the second end of the sleeve are respectively provided with a pull rod limiting part and a sleeve limiting part. When the telescopic assembly extends to its maximum length, the pull rod limiting part and the sleeve limiting part abut against each other, preventing the telescopic assembly from extending further.

[0008] In one embodiment of the buffer, the first end of the sleeve and the first end of the pull rod are respectively connected to a first nut and a second nut. The first partition plate is provided with a first nut groove on the side away from the second partition plate, and the second partition plate is provided with a second nut groove on the side away from the first partition plate. The first nut and the second nut are respectively installed in the first nut groove and the second nut groove.

[0009] In one embodiment of the buffer, the first partition has at least one layer of the natural rubber unit on the side away from the second partition, and the second partition has at least one layer of the natural rubber unit on the side away from the first partition.

[0010] One embodiment of the buffer includes a friction system that provides resistance through friction, wherein the friction system and the rubber elastic system are stacked sequentially along the axial direction.

[0011] In one embodiment of the buffer, the friction system includes a first friction block, a second friction block, and a support base. The first friction block and the second friction block are engaged by a wedge-shaped surface. One end of the support base is in contact with the second friction block, and the other end of the support base is in contact with one end face of the rubber elastic system.

[0012] One embodiment of the buffer includes a housing, in which the friction system and the rubber elastic system are assembled, and one end of the housing has an opening through which one end of the first friction block extends outside the housing.

[0013] In one embodiment of the buffer, the housing is provided with a quick-release hole, and the support base is provided with a stop portion, the stop portion being axially movable to the side of the quick-release hole away from the opening.

[0014] In addition, this application also provides a railway vehicle that includes the buffer described in any of the above claims.

[0015] The buffer provided in one embodiment of this application has the following technical effects:

[0016] (1) When the compression stroke is small, the stiffness is high and the resistance force can be obtained quickly. When the compression stroke is large, the stiffness is low and the compression capacity can be obtained under a small resistance force, thus meeting the needs of railway vehicles.

[0017] (2) The impedance of the buffer is mainly provided by the rubber elastic system, while the friction system only provides a small part of the impedance. Therefore, the instability of the friction system 200 has little impact on the overall stability of the buffer. Thus, the overall stability of the buffer is high.

[0018] (3) The friction blocks can be quickly disassembled, which improves the maintenance efficiency of the friction system. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 A perspective view of one embodiment of the buffer provided in this application;

[0020] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A sectional view;

[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A three-dimensional diagram of the rubber elastic system in China;

[0022] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A sectional view;

[0023] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of the intermediate pre-compression unit;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the shortening of the gap between the first and second partitions in the pre-compression device due to compressive force.

[0025] Figure 7 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a hidden rubber elastic system;

[0026] Figure 8 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the operating characteristics of the buffer.

[0027] The annotations in the attached figures are explained as follows:

[0028] 100 Rubber elastic system, 200 Friction system, 300 Housing, A Opening, B Mounting port, C Quick release hole;

[0029] 1 rubber unit, 1a pre-compressed rubber unit, 1b natural rubber unit;

[0030] 2 Pre-compression device, 21 First partition, 22 Second partition, 23 Telescopic assembly, 231 Sleeve, 2311 Sleeve limiting part, 232 Pull rod, 2321 Pull rod limiting part, 233 First nut, 234 Second nut;

[0031] 3 First friction block, 4 Second friction block, 5 Support seat, 51 Stop part. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this application, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] This application provides a buffer, such as Figure 2 As shown, the buffer includes a rubber elastic system 100. Figure 3 As shown, the rubber elastic system 100 includes multiple layers of rubber units 1 stacked sequentially along the axial direction. Multiple layers refer to two or more layers, for example... Figure 3 Six layers of rubber units 1 are stacked sequentially along the central axis.

[0034] like Figure 4 As shown, the rubber elastic system 100 also includes a pre-compression device 2. In the multi-layer rubber unit, at least one layer is pre-compressed by the pre-compression device 2 to become a pre-compressed rubber unit 1a, giving the rubber elastic system 100 a certain pre-compression force. Furthermore, in the multi-layer rubber unit, at least one layer is a natural rubber unit 1b that has not been pre-compressed and is in its natural state. For example, in 4, the first layer from the top, the second to last layer, and the last layer are natural rubber units 1b, and the remaining three layers are pre-compressed rubber units 1a.

[0035] The above buffer operating characteristic curves are as follows Figure 8 As shown:

[0036] When the compression stroke is small, the operating characteristic curve of the buffer is as follows: Figure 8 As shown by the high-slope line segment, in this stage, the compressive force on the rubber elastic system 100 is less than or equal to the pre-compression force of the rubber elastic system 100. The rubber elastic system 100 relies solely on the pre-compressed rubber unit 1a for resistance, therefore the effective working length of the rubber elastic system 100 is relatively short (approximately equal to the sum of the axial lengths of all pre-compressed rubber units 1a). A key characteristic of the rubber elastic system 100 is that the shorter the effective working length, the higher the stiffness. Therefore, this buffer exhibits high stiffness when the compression stroke is small, allowing the resistance to increase rapidly with the increase of the compression stroke, thus quickly achieving a large resistance.

[0037] When the compression stroke is large, the operating characteristic curve of the buffer is as follows: Figure 8 As shown by the line segment with a small to medium slope, in this stage, the compressive force on the rubber elastic system 100 is greater than the pre-compression force of the rubber elastic system 100. The rubber elastic system 100 simultaneously relies on the pre-compressed rubber unit 1a and the natural rubber unit 1b to provide resistance. Therefore, the effective working length of the rubber elastic system 100 is relatively long (approximately equal to the sum of the axial lengths of all pre-compressed rubber units 1a and all natural rubber units 1b). A characteristic of the rubber elastic system 100 is that the shorter the effective working length, the higher the stiffness. Therefore, when the compression stroke is large, the stiffness of this buffer is low, making the resistance increase more slowly with the compression stroke, thus enabling a larger compression capacity to be obtained with a smaller resistance.

[0038] Therefore, the above-mentioned buffer has high stiffness when the compression stroke is small, and can quickly obtain a large resistance force. When the compression stroke is large, the stiffness is low, and can obtain a large compression capacity under a small resistance force, thus meeting the usage requirements of railway vehicles.

[0039] In addition, in the same space, the resistance force provided by the rubber elastic system 100 is much greater than that of the steel spring elastic system. For example, in a space, the maximum resistance force provided by the steel spring elastic system is 200KN, while the maximum resistance force provided by the rubber elastic system 100 is 1500KN.

[0040] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, each rubber unit includes two end plates and a rubber body disposed between the two end plates.

[0041] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, the pre-compression device 2 includes a first partition 21, a second partition 22, and an axially extendable telescopic assembly 23. The first partition 21 and the second partition 22 are spaced apart axially. The first partition 21 and the second partition 22 are connected by the telescopic assembly 23. Figure 4 As shown, at least one layer of rubber unit is provided between the first partition 21 and the second partition 22, for example, Figure 4 In this structure, three layers of rubber units are provided between the first partition 21 and the second partition 22. Each rubber unit between the first partition 21 and the second partition 22 has a through hole, allowing it to be fitted over the telescopic assembly 23. The telescopic assembly 23 applies tension to the first partition 21 and the second partition 22, causing the first partition 21 and the second partition 22 to press against the rubber units between them. This results in the rubber units between the first partition 21 and the second partition 22 being in a pre-compressed state, becoming pre-compressed rubber units 1a.

[0042] When the buffer is subjected to compressive force, the gap between the first partition 21 and the second partition 22 shortens; when the compressive force decreases or is eliminated, the gap between the first partition 21 and the second partition 22 lengthens. The pre-compression device 2 of the above type, because the telescopic component 23 can extend and retract axially, can extend and retract with the change in the gap between the first partition 21 and the second partition 22 (comparative). Figure 5 and Figure 6 (Understanding) Therefore, the telescopic component 23 will not protrude beyond the first partition 21 and the second partition 22 as the interval between the first partition 21 and the second partition 22 becomes shorter, nor will it detach from the first partition 21 and the second partition 22 as the interval between the first partition 21 and the second partition 22 becomes longer.

[0043] Of course, the pre-compression device 2 is not limited to the above form. It can be modified into other forms as long as it can ensure that at least one layer of rubber unit is in a pre-compressed state.

[0044] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, the telescopic assembly 23 includes a sleeve 231 and a pull rod 232. Both the sleeve 231 and the pull rod 232 extend axially. The first end of the sleeve 231 is connected to the first partition 21, and the first end of the pull rod 232 is connected to the second partition 22. The second end of the pull rod 232 and the second end of the sleeve 231 are fitted together. The second end of the pull rod 232 and the second end of the sleeve 231 are respectively provided with a pull rod limiting part 2321 and a sleeve limiting part 2311. When the telescopic assembly 23 extends to its maximum length, the pull rod limiting part 2321 and the sleeve limiting part 2311 abut against each other, preventing the telescopic assembly 23 from extending further. This type of telescopic assembly 23 has low processing and assembly costs and is easy to implement. Of course, the telescopic assembly 23 is not limited to this form and can be modified into other forms while ensuring axial telescopic extension.

[0045] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, the first end of the sleeve 231 and the first end of the pull rod 232 are respectively connected to a first nut 233 and a second nut 234. The first partition 21 has a first nut groove on the side away from the second partition 22 (upper side in the figure). The second partition 22 has a second nut groove on the side away from the first partition 21 (lower side in the figure). The first nut 233 and the second nut 234 are respectively installed in the first nut groove and the second nut groove. This achieves the connection between the first end of the sleeve 231 and the first partition 21, and between the first end of the pull rod 232 and the second partition 22. Moreover, this connection method allows for a certain degree of axial and radial freedom between the sleeve 231 and the first partition 21, and between the pull rod 232 and the second partition 22. Therefore, the sleeve 231 and the pull rod 232 are subjected to better stress, are less prone to breakage, and have higher reliability.

[0046] In one specific embodiment, the side of the first partition 21 away from the second partition 22 is provided with at least one layer of natural rubber unit 1b, and the side of the second partition 22 away from the first partition 21 is also provided with at least one layer of natural rubber unit 1b. For example, Figure 4 In the figure, the first partition 21 is provided with a layer of natural rubber unit 1b on the side away from the second partition 22 (upper side in the figure), and the second partition 22 is provided with two layers of natural rubber unit 1b on the side away from the first partition 21 (lower side in the figure).

[0047] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the buffer further includes a friction system 200, which provides resistance through friction. The friction system 200 and the rubber elastic system 100 are stacked sequentially along the axial direction. Since the resistance provided by the rubber elastic system 100 is much greater than that of the steel spring elastic system in the same space, the resistance of the buffer is mainly provided by the rubber elastic system 100, while the friction system 200 only provides a small portion of the resistance. Therefore, the instability of the friction system 200 has a relatively small impact on the overall stability of the buffer, resulting in higher overall stability.

[0048] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the friction system 200 includes a first friction block 3, a second friction block 4, and a support base 5. The first friction block 3 and the second friction block 4 are engaged by a wedge-shaped surface. One end of the support base 5 contacts the second friction block 4. The other end of the support base 5 contacts one end face of the rubber elastic system 100. This type of friction system 200 has good stability. Of course, the form of the friction system 200 is not limited to this, as long as it can provide resistance through friction.

[0049] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the buffer includes a housing 300, a friction system 200, and a rubber elastic system 100, all assembled inside the housing 300. One end of the housing 300 has an opening A, through which one end of the first friction block 3 extends outside the housing 300 to withstand compressive forces.

[0050] More specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, to facilitate the installation of the rubber elastic system 100, an assembly port B can be provided on one side of the housing 300, through which the rubber elastic system 100 can be assembled into the housing 300.

[0051] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 7 As shown, the outer casing 300 is provided with a quick-release hole C. The support base 5 is provided with a stop part 51, which can be axially moved to the side of the quick-release hole C away from the opening A (the lower side of the quick-release hole C in the figure).

[0052] The performance of the friction system 200 is easily affected by dust, therefore the friction blocks need to be disassembled for maintenance periodically. By providing the quick-release hole C, the friction blocks can be quickly removed, thus improving maintenance efficiency. The specific disassembly process is as follows:

[0053] A compressive force is applied to the first friction block 3 until the stop portion 51 of the support base 5 moves axially to the side of the quick-release hole C away from the opening A (e.g., Figure 7(as shown in the image) Then, insert the quick-release rod that matches the quick-release hole C into the quick-release hole C. When the compression force is removed, the stop part 51 will contact the quick-release rod when it resets to the side closer to the opening A, and thus cannot continue to reset. Therefore, the second friction block 4 and the first friction block 3 are no longer in a pressed state. Therefore, the first friction block 3 and the second friction block 4 can be easily and quickly removed through the opening A.

[0054] More specifically, to ensure that the quick-release lever is not bent by the stop part 51, one or more quick-release holes C can be provided on opposite sides of the housing 300. In the figure, two quick-release holes C are provided on opposite sides of the housing 300, and a single quick-release lever is inserted into the corresponding two quick-release holes C at the same time.

[0055] The above embodiments can be freely combined without conflict.

[0056] In addition, this application also provides a railway vehicle that includes the buffer described in any of the above embodiments.

[0057] The above examples illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of these embodiments are merely for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to this application without departing from its principles, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A buffer for a railway vehicle, characterised in that The buffer includes a rubber elastic system (100), which includes multiple layers of rubber units (1) stacked sequentially along the axial direction. The rubber elastic system (100) also includes a pre-compression device (2). At least one layer of the multiple rubber units is pre-compressed by the pre-compression device (2) to become a pre-compressed rubber unit (1a), and at least one layer of the multiple rubber units is an uncompressed natural rubber unit (1b). The pre-compression device (2) includes a first partition (21), a second partition (22), and an axially extendable telescopic assembly (23). The first partition (21) and the second partition (22) are... 22) The first partition (21) and the second partition (22) are spaced apart along the axial direction and connected by the telescopic assembly (23). The pre-compressed rubber unit (1a) is provided with a through hole. The pre-compressed rubber unit (1a) is located between the first partition (21) and the second partition (22) and is sleeved on the telescopic assembly (23) through the through hole. The first partition (21) is provided with at least one layer of the natural rubber unit (1b) on the side away from the second partition (22), and the second partition (22) is provided with at least one layer of the natural rubber unit (1b) on the side away from the first partition (21).

2. A buffer for a rolling stock vehicle according to claim 1, characterised in that The telescopic assembly (23) includes a sleeve (231) and a pull rod (232). Both the sleeve (231) and the pull rod (232) extend axially. The first end of the sleeve (231) is connected to the first partition (21), and the first end of the pull rod (232) is connected to the second partition (22). The second end of the pull rod (232) and the second end of the sleeve (231) are inserted together. The second end of the pull rod (232) and the second end of the sleeve (231) are respectively provided with a pull rod limiting part (2321) and a sleeve limiting part (2311). When the telescopic assembly (23) extends to its maximum length, the pull rod limiting part (2321) and the sleeve limiting part (2311) abut against each other, preventing the telescopic assembly (23) from extending further.

3. The buffer for railway vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first end of the sleeve (231) and the first end of the pull rod (232) are respectively connected to a first nut (233) and a second nut (234). The first partition (21) is provided with a first nut groove on the side away from the second partition (22), and the second partition (22) is provided with a second nut groove on the side away from the first partition (21). The first nut (233) and the second nut (234) are respectively installed in the first nut groove and the second nut groove.

4. The buffer for railway vehicles according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The buffer includes a friction system (200) that provides resistance through friction, and the friction system (200) and the rubber elastic system (100) are stacked sequentially along the axial direction.

5. The buffer for railway vehicles according to claim 4, characterized in that, The friction system (200) includes a first friction block (3), a second friction block (4) and a support base (5). The first friction block (3) and the second friction block (4) are engaged by a wedge surface. One end of the support base (5) is in contact with the second friction block (4), and the other end of the support base (5) is in contact with one end face of the rubber elastic system (100).

6. The buffer for railway vehicles according to claim 5, characterized in that, The buffer includes a housing (300), the friction system (200) and the rubber elastic system (100) are assembled inside the housing (300), one end of the housing (300) is provided with an opening (A), and one end of the first friction block (3) extends out of the housing (300) through the opening (A).

7. The buffer for railway vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outer casing (300) is provided with a quick-release hole (C), and the support base (5) is provided with a stop (51). The stop (51) can be axially moved to the side of the quick-release hole (C) away from the opening (A).

8. A railway vehicle, the railway vehicle including a buffer, characterized in that, The buffer is the buffer described in any one of claims 1-7.

Images