High-precision intelligent fertilizer mixing method based on gradient step adaptation technology

Abstract

This invention discloses a high-precision intelligent fertilizer mixing method based on gradient step adaptation technology, relating to the field of agricultural fertilizer application technology. The method includes the following steps: system initialization to acquire information from the current application environment; incremental increase in the overall application level until it approaches the desired properties of the finished fertilizer; precise adjustment to fine-tune the dosage of each fertilizer solution to ensure the finished fertilizer fully meets the required properties; and finally, stable maintenance to guarantee the properties of the finished fertilizer solution. This invention utilizes advanced gradient step and adaptation algorithms to form a real-time intelligent hardware control strategy that conforms to the current environmental conditions, ensuring crop irrigation safety and fertilizer concentration as expected. Ultimately, it can produce a stable mixed fertilizer solution. Dynamic adjustment is performed on fertilizer concentration changes that occur during the irrigation process, maintaining the properties of the mixed fertilizer solution within the expected range until the end, thus achieving precise fertilization of crops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural fertilizer application technology, specifically a high-precision intelligent fertilizer mixing method based on gradient step adaptation technology. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, there are some challenges and problems in fertilizer application technology in agricultural production, especially in the fields of agricultural digitalization, water-saving irrigation and precision fertilization. Due to the inability to accurately control the properties of the mixed fertilizer during large-scale fertilization, the fertilizer utilization rate is low, which affects the crop growth cycle, yield and natural environment.

[0003] A common method of fertilizer application is quantitative fertilization or experience-based fertilizer mixing: this involves manual mixing of fertilizers according to specific crop requirements by designated personnel, or sequential irrigation of the planting area without mixing. In this process, the experience of those mixing fertilizers varies, the types and properties of fertilizer raw materials differ, and the order of application, the concentration of fertilizers reaching the plants, the pH level, and the nutrient content are often overlooked, ultimately making it difficult to achieve the desired fertilization goals. This method not only wastes manpower but also leads to unstable crop yields. For economically important crop cultivation areas, where irrigation and fertilization processes are more complex and the requirements for fertilizer properties are more stringent, traditional fertilizer application methods are more likely to have a direct impact on yield, resulting in unstable economic benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-precision intelligent fertilizer mixing method based on gradient step adaptation technology. This method utilizes advanced gradient step and adaptation algorithms to form a set of intelligent hardware control strategies in real time that conform to the current environmental conditions, while ensuring crop irrigation safety and fertilizer concentration in accordance with expectations. Ultimately, it can produce a stable mixed fertilizer solution to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high-precision intelligent fertilizer mixing method based on gradient step adaptation technology, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Environment adaptation, hybrid system initialization, obtaining information from the current application environment;

[0007] Step 2: Gradual application. The system refers to the expected fertilizer-liquid application ratio and injects the corresponding proportion of fertilizer-liquid into the mixing system. The fertilizer-liquid application amount starts from the smallest unit. Based on the sensor feedback data, the overall application amount is gradually increased using the step-level formula PP = 1 / 2 * MIN((Nph / δPH)-1,(Nec / δEC)-1) until it approaches the desired properties of the finished fertilizer.

[0008] Step 3: Precise adjustment. Based on the current sensor data, the system fine-tunes the dosage of each fertilizer solution while maintaining the expected fertilizer-liquid application ratio to ensure that the finished fertilizer fully meets the required properties.

[0009] Step 4: Stabilization. The system determines the specific ratio required for this mixing process and controls the hardware to continue extracting and mixing the fertilizer solution in a regular cycle. At the same time, based on sensor data, the system continuously fine-tunes the hardware operation frequency when the properties of the finished fertilizer deviate, ensuring that the properties of the finished fertilizer solution produced during this mixing process remain within the ideal range.

[0010] Preferably, the information obtained in step one regarding the current application environment includes the shortest available time interval, the number and type of fertilizer tanks, the expected properties of the fertilizer solution, the expected application ratio of the fertilizer solution, the pH and EC limits of the finished fertilizer solution, and the properties of the water used for mixing fertilizer.

[0011] Preferably, obtaining the shortest usable time interval tmin in the current application environment includes the system acquiring the shortest opening and closing time of the high-frequency valve, which includes pulse valves and solenoid valves.

[0012] The time required for the pulse valve and the solenoid valve to fully open or close is determined by their hardware performance as the single stroke time tSingle; the time required for each opening and closing is tReturn.

[0013] The pulse valve has an adjustable duty cycle parameter EMs, Ems = 0%, the system can control the release of the minimum amount of fertilizer, and the shortest usable time interval tmin = tReturn = 2*tSingle;

[0014] The electromagnetic valve system can control the release of the minimum amount of fertilizer. The OP is 1%, which means that the valve opens 1% and then closes immediately. The shortest usable time interval tmin = (1 / OP)*2*tSingle = (1 / OP)*tReturn.

[0015] Preferably, obtaining the water properties for use in fertilizer mixing includes the following steps:

[0016] S1: Obtain the reading interval of the output pipe PH / EC sensor from the system. For the PH / EC sensor installed at the end of the output pipe, within the range allowed by its hardware performance reporting rate, its reading will be reported according to the frequency of system queries.

[0017] S2: The system keeps all fertilizer outlet pipe valves closed. At this time, only clean water is injected into the fertilizer mixing system. The system continuously reads the pH / EC sensor parameters installed at the end of the output pipe. When the sensor parameters do not change in a short period of time, the current parameters are recorded and considered to be the pH and EC properties of the clean water in the current environment.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment, the specific steps of the magnitude stepping in step two are as follows:

[0019] Q1: After obtaining the pH and EC properties of the clean water in the current environment, calculate the difference between the pH and EC of the clean water and the target values, Nph and Nec, and try to use fertilizer in the smallest possible quantity.

[0020] Q2: The valve opens at predetermined time intervals:

[0021] A single controllable cycle T = tmin * MAX (the maximum expected application ratio in the fertilizer tank);

[0022] The valve on the fertilizer outlet pipe corresponding to each barrel will be opened for a time T. 阀门 = tmin * (the expected application ratio of the corresponding fertilizer container);

[0023] In electromagnetic valves, adjusting OP corresponds to 1% for the corresponding fat tank valve, and each valve returns to zero at time T. 阀门 Afterwards, OP = 0%.

[0024] Q3: Starting from the moment the hardware command is issued, the system records the peak values ​​of pH and EC, and checks the total changes in pH / EC meter readings δPH and δEC:

[0025] If δPH and δEC change, the maximum value is taken after three or more consecutive decreases.

[0026] If δPH and δEC do not change within 2 seconds, the step size PP will enter Q4 at the set value;

[0027] Q4: Adjust the dosage in the next cycle according to the step-by-step PP, and continue to repeat Q3 until PP ≤ 0.05.

[0028] Preferably, when adjusting the application rate in the next cycle in Q4, for pulse valves, the update of a single controllable cycle T = PP * T; the time T for the corresponding fertilizer outlet valve for each tank will be activated. 阀门 = tmin * (expected application ratio of the corresponding fertilizer tank) * (PP + 1);

[0029] For electromagnetic valves, if OP*(PP+1)≤100%, then adjust the OP of the three valves to OP*(PP+1); if OP*(PP+1)>100, then 100%*new zeroing time = OP*(PP+1)*zeroing time, then adjust OP to 100% and apply the new zeroing time.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment, the specific method for precise adjustment in step three is as follows:

[0031] Calculate the fertilizer application ratio coefficient for each current cycle. Ratio coefficient = (open time / tmin) / target application ratio.

[0032] If there are multiple fertilizers with the same low ratio coefficient, prioritize using fertilizers of the type of large amount fertilizer > medium amount fertilizer > micro amount fertilizer to ensure crop safety;

[0033] Make a fine adjustment to the opening time of the valve corresponding to the fertilizer, each adjustment being an increase / decrease of 1% of the current opening time of the fertilizer tank;

[0034] Read the latest pH / EC values ​​and repeat the calculation of the fertilizer application ratio for each current cycle until the pH and EC readings reach the target values.

[0035] As a preferred option, a judgment is made first when making precise adjustments:

[0036] Determine if the current fertilizer has the expected properties to meet the regulatory purpose. If none of them do, use acidic fertilizer; if the acidic fertilizer does not meet the purpose, report an error.

[0037] Determine if there is a minimum ratio coefficient among the fertilizers that meet the adjustment purpose, and prioritize using fertilizers with a lower ratio coefficient for adjustment.

[0038] Preferably, in step four, maintaining stability includes recording the current single controllable time period T after the system successfully prepares the finished fertilizer with pH and EC properties that meet the target values. For valves that have been open for less than T, they are no longer allowed to remain open from the beginning of the period, but their opening time is set to the middle of the period to achieve uniform opening and closing. The system continuously monitors the pH and EC properties at a lower frequency, and if changes occur, step three is repeated for real-time adjustment.

[0039] In summary, the beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0040] 1. This invention utilizes advanced gradient stepping and adaptive algorithms to form a set of intelligent hardware control strategies in real time that conform to the current environmental conditions, ensuring crop irrigation safety and fertilizer concentration as expected. This ultimately produces a stable mixed fertilizer solution. Simultaneously, throughout the irrigation process, the intelligent hardware is monitored and adjusted in real time to dynamically regulate changes in fertilizer concentration as the irrigation process progresses, maintaining the properties of the mixed fertilizer solution within the expected range until the end of the process. This achieves precise fertilization of crops, ensuring that plants receive appropriate nutrient supply while avoiding problems such as fertilizer waste or environmental pollution.

[0041] 2. This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a novel fertilizer-solid mixture method based on the common working principle of integrated water and fertilizer irrigation machines. This method utilizes gradient descent calculation, environmental adaptive technology, and hardware control strategies to rapidly detect and adjust the fertilizer concentration and pH in any similar fertilizer mixing equipment. This improves the stability and accuracy of automatic fertilizer mixing, controls the quality of the finished fertilizer solution, and reduces the impact of the surrounding environment on the final result in practical applications. Applying this invention enables high-precision and rapid fertilizer mixing to obtain a stable finished fertilizer solution. It also allows for real-time monitoring and fine-tuning of fertilizer concentration and pH during crop irrigation, helping to reduce production costs and improve production efficiency in agricultural irrigation operations and similar industrial scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0042] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the framework of a high-precision intelligent fertilizer mixing method based on gradient step adaptation technology according to the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the position of the mixing system in the fertilization process of a high-precision intelligent fertilizer mixing method based on gradient step adaptation technology according to the present invention.

[0045] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the mixing system used in an embodiment of the high-precision intelligent fertilizer mixing method based on gradient step adaptation technology of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pulse high-frequency valve in a high-precision intelligent fertilizer mixing method based on gradient step adaptation technology according to the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic high-frequency valve in a high-precision intelligent fertilizer mixing method based on gradient step adaptation technology according to the present invention.

[0048] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the gradient stepping effect in a high-precision intelligent fertilizer mixing method based on gradient stepping adaptation technology according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0049] All features disclosed in this specification, or all steps in all disclosed methods or processes, may be combined in any way, except for mutually exclusive features and / or steps.

[0050] Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any appended claims, abstract, and drawings) may be replaced by other equivalent or similar features, unless specifically stated otherwise. That is, unless specifically stated otherwise, each feature is merely one example of a series of equivalent or similar features.

[0051] Before providing a detailed description of the invention, the mixing system in the fertilization process should first be explained: The mixing system refers to the part of a fertigation machine, fertilizer mixing tank, or other device with fertilizer-liquid mixing function that specifically extracts fertilizer liquid raw materials and mixes them into finished fertilizer. This part is usually connected to a reliable upstream water source and downstream fertilization equipment, which can obtain irrigation water and apply the finished fertilizer to specific crop planting areas through field and greenhouse pipe networks and terminal drip irrigation tapes, sprinkler heads, and other fertilization equipment.

[0052] Controllable hardware devices in a hybrid system, including valves and sensors, are typically connected to microcontrollers or computer devices such as industrial control consoles or control panels in the whole system to achieve data transmission, parameter configuration, real-time calculation and hardware control.

[0053] The following is combined Figure 1-6 This invention provides a detailed description of an embodiment: a high-precision intelligent fertilizer mixing method based on gradient step adaptation technology, comprising a mixing system, the components of which include: 1. a water intake device (for providing irrigation water to the system, shown as a water intake pump in the figure); 2. a fertilizer solution storage device (for storing different fertilizer solutions, shown as multiple dilution tanks in the figure); 3. a controllable fertilizer solution injection and mixing device (for extracting fertilizer solution and injecting it into the system, shown as a centrifugal pump connected to the output pipe of each fertilizer tank in the figure, the centrifugal pump ensuring the liquid flow direction in the pipe; the pipe is equipped with a high-frequency valve, which can be controlled to open and close rapidly in a short time; the combination of the two means that the control of the opening and closing of the high-frequency valve can be regarded as the control of the fertilizer output); 4. a fertilizer solution mixing device (for realizing the circulation mixing of fertilizer solution, shown as mixing directly in the main pipe in the figure. In addition, mixing is also commonly carried out in independent fertilizer mixing tanks); 5. a pH / EC sensor (for real-time monitoring of the properties of the output finished fertilizer). Figure 3 (Installed in the output pipe);

[0054] By utilizing a complete set of calculation methods and a corresponding hardware control strategy, the goal of quickly adjusting the fertilizer solution to the target ratio and continuously and stably outputting the fertilizer solution is achieved. Specifically, the steps include:

[0055] first step

[0056] Environmental Adaptability: The hardware configuration that the mixing system can use varies in different application scenarios; the pH and ion concentration of the clean water obtained are different; the type, quantity and specific concentration of fertilizer solution configured for the mixing system are different; and the properties of the finished fertilizer that the user wants to use will also change due to actual needs. Therefore, before the mixing system actually starts calculation and hardware operation, it needs to be initialized for the current environment to adapt to the characteristics of the current application environment.

[0057] The shortest time interval, number and type of fertilizer tanks, expected properties of fertilizer solution, expected application ratio of fertilizer solution, pH and EC limits of finished fertilizer solution, and properties of clear water used for fertilizer mixing are obtained through multiple methods in the current application environment.

[0058] Among them, the parameters such as the number of fertilizer tanks N, fertilizer tank type Type, target pH of finished fertilizer solution, target EC of finished fertilizer solution, and tolerance of finished fertilizer THR configured in the current system are set and maintained by the user according to the current usage situation; the expected pH and expected EC of the fertilizer solution in each fertilizer tank are set and maintained by the user according to the fertilizer formulation plan; or, in application scenarios where pH meters and EC meters are installed in fertilizer tanks, the system reads the parameters of the corresponding metering sensors and updates them in real time.

[0059] We also need to obtain the shortest usable time interval tmin in the current application environment.

[0060] 1. The system obtains the shortest opening and closing time of the high-frequency valve from the user-maintained content or calculates it automatically;

[0061] Allowing users to maintain this minimum time interval is because when using valve hardware of poor quality, the valve may not be able to achieve or maintain the highest frequency of opening and closing for a long time. In this case, users can set a safer time interval parameter.

[0062] 2. The high-frequency valves commonly used in such systems can be divided into two types based on their operating principle: pulse valves and solenoid valves.

[0063] Pulse valves can be controlled to operate in two states based on current frequency. A pulse valve can only be fully open or fully closed. The time required for each opening or closing action, determined by the valve's hardware performance, is the single-stroke time tSingle; the time required for each opening and closing action is tReturn. Furthermore, it has an adjustable duty cycle parameter EMs, which can be considered as maintaining the pulse valve in the open / closed state without responding to pulse signals.

[0064] For pulse valves, the system can control the release of the minimum amount of fertilizer, i.e., Ems = 0%. At this time, the valve opens and closes continuously at the fastest possible frequency, with the shortest time interval tmin = tReturn = 2 * tSingle.

[0065] Electromagnetic valves can control the opening degree according to the opening ratio OP. When OP is 0%, the electromagnetic valve is fully closed; when OP is 100%, the valve is fully open. The number of adjustable levels between fully closed and fully open depends on the valve's own hardware precision. The following defaults to a Class 100 valve (at least 1% opening). The time required for each full opening or closing of the valve is determined by its hardware performance and is called the single stroke time tSingle; the time required for each opening and closing is tReturn.

[0066] For electromagnetic valves, the system can control the release of the minimum amount of fertilizer, that is, the valve opens 1% and then closes immediately. At this time, the shortest time interval tmin = (1 / Op)*2*tSingle = (1 / Op)*tReturn;

[0067] The properties of the water used for fertilizer mixing also need to be obtained, and this step includes:

[0068] The reading interval of the pH / EC sensor in the output pipeline is obtained from the system. For pH / EC sensors installed at the end of the output pipeline, their readings will be reported according to the frequency of system queries, within the limits allowed by their hardware performance (reporting rate).

[0069] The system keeps all fertilizer outlet valves closed, at which point only clean water is injected into the fertilizer mixing system. The system continuously reads the parameters of the pH / EC sensor installed at the end of the output pipe. If there is no change within 1 second, the current parameters are recorded and considered to be the pH and EC properties of the clean water in the current environment.

[0070] Step 2

[0071] Gradual application: The system references the expected fertilizer-liquid application ratio and injects the corresponding proportion of fertilizer solution into the mixing system. The fertilizer application rate starts from the smallest unit and, based on sensor feedback data, gradually increases the overall application rate until it approaches the desired properties of the finished fertilizer.

[0072] 1. To ensure crop safety, after obtaining the properties of the clean water, the system calculates the difference between the clean water's pH and EC and the target values, Nph and Nec, and attempts to use fertilizer at the minimum level. At this time, the single controllable cycle T is the maximum recommended ratio * tmin time; the corresponding fertilizer outlet valve for each tank will open at the recommended ratio * tmin time.

[0073] 2. The valve will open at predetermined time intervals:

[0074] In the current application scenario, there is a large amount of fertilizer tank A, a medium amount of fertilizer tank B, and a trace amount of fertilizer tank C. The environment has tmin = 50ms, and the expected application ratio is set to A:B:C = 10:5:7.

[0075] The system calculates a single controllable period T = tmin * MAX(10,5,7) = 50ms * 10 = 500ms;

[0076] 2.1 Pulse valve, achieved by adjusting the duty cycle:

[0077] Valve A opening time tA = tmin * 10 = 500ms;

[0078] Valve B opening time tB = tmin * 5 = 250ms;

[0079] Valve opening time tC = tmin * 7 = 350ms;

[0080] 2.2. For electromagnetic valves, the required opening time is the same as that for pulse valves. Adjust the OP of the three valves to 1%. After the zeroing time of the three valves (A, B, and C) is 500ms, 250ms, and 350ms respectively, the OP will be 0%.

[0081] 3. Starting from the time the hardware command is issued, the system records the peak values ​​of pH and EC, and checks the total change in pH / EC meter readings δPH and δEC;

[0082] Peak detection: If δPH and δEC change, the maximum value is taken after three or more consecutive decreases.

[0083] Micro-stepping: If δPH and δEC do not change within 2 seconds, then PP=9 and proceed to step 5;

[0084] 4. Determine the step size PP = 1 / 2 * MIN((Nph / δPH)-1, (Nec / δEC)-1);

[0085] 5. Increase the application rate in increments within the next cycle:

[0086] For pulse valves, after updating the single controllable cycle T = PP * T, repeat step 2.1.

[0087] The opening time of each valve, tX, is calculated as: tmin * corresponding proportion * (PP + 1).

[0088] For electromagnetic valves, if OP*(PP+1)≤100%, adjust the three valves to OP=OP*(PP+1) and then repeat step 2.2.

[0089] If OP*(PP+1)>100, then 100%*new zeroing time = OP*(PP+1)*zeroing time.

[0090] Then adjust OP to 100%, apply the new zeroing time, and repeat step 2.2;

[0091] Continue repeating steps 3 and 4 until PP ≤ 0.05;

[0092] Step 3

[0093] Precise adjustment: Based on current sensor data, the system fine-tunes the dosage of each fertilizer solution to ensure that the finished fertilizer fully meets the required properties while maintaining the expected fertilizer-solid application ratio.

[0094] The significance of PP (step-level) ≤ 0.05 is that the concentration of the finished fertilizer produced by the current hardware strategy has reached 95% or higher of the target concentration, and is close to the target pH and EC values ​​of the finished fertilizer solution.

[0095] Calculate the fertilizer application ratio coefficient for each current cycle. Ratio coefficient = (open time / tmin) / target application ratio.

[0096] Determine if the current fertilizer's expected properties meet the adjustment objectives. For example, if the current pH is 5, the target pH is 4.5, and the expected pH of the solution in the large-volume fertilizer tank is 4.3 < 4.5 < 5, then it can be used for further adjustment. If neither meets the requirements, use acidic fertilizer; if acidic fertilizer does not meet the requirements, report an error.

[0097] Determine if any of the available fertilizers that meet the adjustment objectives have a minimum ratio coefficient. Prioritize using fertilizers with lower ratio coefficients for adjustment.

[0098] If there are multiple fertilizers with the same low ratio coefficient, prioritize using fertilizers of the type of large amount fertilizer > medium amount fertilizer > micro amount fertilizer to ensure crop safety;

[0099] Make a fine adjustment to the opening time of the valve corresponding to the fertilizer, each adjustment being an increase / decrease of 1% of the current opening time of the fertilizer tank;

[0100] Read the latest pH / EC values ​​and repeatedly calculate the fertilizer application ratio for each current cycle until the pH and EC readings reach the target values;

[0101] Step 4

[0102] Stable Maintenance: After successfully preparing a finished fertilizer with pH and EC properties meeting the target values, the system records the current single controllable time period T. For valves whose opening time is less than T, they are no longer allowed to remain open continuously from the beginning of the period; instead, their opening time is set to the middle of the period to achieve uniform opening and closing. The system continuously monitors pH and EC properties at a lower frequency, and if changes occur, the third step is repeated for real-time adjustment.

[0103] In summary

[0104] 1. This invention can, to a certain extent, control the complex environmental and human factors involved in the fertilization process;

[0105] The properties of irrigation water and fertilizer concentration are two important factors affecting the properties of the finished fertilizer solution. This solution can autonomously adapt to various conditions to a certain extent. This includes: monitoring the properties of the water used for the current fertilization by a pH / EC meter before irrigation, allowing the system to develop a certain understanding of the irrigation water quality. Combined with the overall control system, it can also provide early warnings or stop irrigation to prevent the use of extremely poor-quality polluted water for irrigating crops; directly reading the properties of the finished fertilizer solution in real time by the pH / EC meter, and after entering a stable maintenance state, the finished fertilizer solution always conforms to the properties set by the user. Different fertilizer properties in the fertilizer raw material tank and acid fertilizer tank each time will not affect the properties of the final finished fertilizer, ensuring that the properties of the finished fertilizer reaching the crops are always consistent.

[0106] 2. This invention can save manpower in the crop irrigation process;

[0107] For common grain crops, fertilization effects can influence crop yield to some extent. For economically important crops with specific uses, such as cotton, hemp, peanuts, berries, tea, coffee, ginseng, and flowers, fertilization effects not only affect yield but also alter important properties like color, aroma, flavor, toughness, oil yield, sugar content, alkaloid content, and pharmacological characteristics. Therefore, crops with more demanding nutritional requirements and fertilization processes require more adjustments, controls, and checks during fertilizer preparation and irrigation. These steps consume significant manpower, and results can vary considerably depending on the production environment, temperature, and container. Operators must repeatedly confirm components, perform measurements, and adjust ratios before fertilization. In this solution, the entire fertilizer preparation and application process is highly automated. Users only need to provide the target ratio and properties and add a fertilizer solution with approximately matching properties to the raw material tank. The system automatically and precisely controls the properties of the final fertilizer product, saving significant labor costs and improving irrigation efficiency.

[0108] 3. This invention conforms to the principle of modularity, is compatible with different hybrid systems, and meets the needs of various irrigation implementation schemes;

[0109] With the development of science and technology, more and more agricultural irrigation solutions are iterating from experience-based, rough solutions to more specific, high-precision solutions based on research findings such as yield models and growth curves. Irrigation methods are also evolving towards scientific, standardized, digitalized, and intelligent methods such as water-saving irrigation and precision fertilization, which involve calibration and quantification. Fertilizer mixing, as an indispensable operational step, is also widely used in next-generation agricultural technologies and requires better results, higher mixing accuracy, and faster mixing efficiency. This solution features sufficient compatibility, clear inputs and outputs, efficient internal processing, and relatively low hardware requirements. Therefore, this solution not only meets user needs but can also be applied as a module to solutions with crop production models and intelligent irrigation systems. It automatically configures finished fertilizer solutions or other solutions with the required properties according to the system's needs. The irrigation process implemented using this solution surpasses traditional solutions in terms of controllability, adjustability, and iterability, providing better support for the entire process from technological iteration and research results application to industrial upgrading.

[0110] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the invention, but the scope of protection of the invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions conceived without inventive effort should be included within the scope of protection of the invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the invention should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A high-precision intelligent fertilizer mixing method based on gradient step adaptation technology, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Environmental Adaptation. The hybrid system initializes by acquiring information from the current application environment, including obtaining the shortest usable time interval tmin in the current application environment. This shortest time interval tmin includes the system acquiring the shortest opening and closing time of the high-frequency valves, which include pulse valves and solenoid valves. The time required for a pulse valve and a solenoid valve to fully open or close is determined by their hardware performance; this time is tSingle, the time required for each opening and closing operation. The pulse valve has an adjustable duty cycle parameter EMs. When Ems=0%, the system can control the release of the minimum amount of fertilizer. The shortest usable time interval is tmin = tReturn = 2*tSingle. The electromagnetic valve system can control the release of the minimum amount of fertilizer. OP is the minimum opening degree, that is, the valve closes immediately after opening to the minimum degree. The shortest usable time interval tmin = (1 / OP) * 2 * tSingle = (1 / OP) *tReturn; Step Two: Quantity Stepping. The system, referencing the expected fertilizer-to-solid-liquid application ratio, injects the corresponding proportion of fertilizer-solid-liquid into the mixing system. The application rate starts from the smallest unit and, based on sensor feedback data, is increased stepwise using PP = 1 / 2 * MIN((Nph / δPH)-1,(Nec / δEC)-1) until the desired properties of the finished fertilizer are approached. This includes the following steps: Q1: After obtaining the pH and EC properties of the clean water in the current environment, calculate the difference between the pH and EC of the clean water and the target values, Nph and Nec, and try to use fertilizer in the smallest possible quantity. Q2: The valve opens at predetermined time intervals: A single controllable cycle T = tmin * MAX (the maximum expected application ratio in the fertilizer tank); The valve on the fertilizer outlet pipe corresponding to each barrel will be opened for a time T. 阀门 = tmin * the expected application ratio of the corresponding fertilizer tank; In electromagnetic valves, adjusting the corresponding fertilizer tank valve OP to its minimum opening position, each valve returns to zero within a time T. 阀门 After OP=0%; Q3: Starting from the moment the hardware command is issued, the system records the peak values ​​of pH and EC, and checks the total changes in pH / EC meter readings δPH and δEC: If δPH and δEC change, the maximum value is taken after three or more consecutive decreases. If δPH and δEC do not change within 2 seconds, the step size PP will enter Q4 at the set value; Q4: Adjust the application rate in the next cycle according to the step-level PP, and continue to repeat Q3 until PP≤0.

05. For pulse valves, update the single controllable cycle T = PP*T; the time the valve of the fertilizer outlet pipe corresponding to each tank will be opened is T_valve = tmin * the expected application ratio of the corresponding fertilizer tank * (PP+1). For electromagnetic valves, if OP*(PP+1)≤100%, then adjust the OP of the three valves to OP*(PP+1); if OP*(PP+1)>100, then 100% * new zeroing time = OP*(PP+1) * zeroing time, then adjust OP to 100% and apply the new zeroing time. Step 3: Precise adjustment. Based on the current sensor data, the system fine-tunes the dosage of each fertilizer solution while maintaining the expected fertilizer-liquid application ratio, so that the finished fertilizer fully meets the required properties. Step 4: Maintain stability by continuously fine-tuning the hardware operation frequency based on sensor data to ensure the properties of the finished fertilizer solution.

2. The high-precision intelligent fertilizer mixing method based on gradient step adaptation technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The information obtained in step one regarding the current application environment also includes the number and type of fertilizer tanks, the expected properties of the fertilizer solution, the expected application ratio of the fertilizer solution, the pH and EC limiting conditions of the finished fertilizer solution, and the properties of the water used for mixing fertilizer.

3. The high-precision intelligent fertilizer mixing method based on gradient step adaptation technology according to claim 2, characterized in that: Obtaining the properties of the water used for fertilizer mixing includes the following steps: S1: Obtain the reading interval of the output pipe PH / EC sensor from the system. For the PH / EC sensor installed at the end of the output pipe, within the reporting rate allowed by its hardware performance, its reading will be reported according to the frequency of system queries. S2: The system keeps all fertilizer outlet pipe valves closed. At this time, only clean water is injected into the fertilizer mixing system. The system continuously reads the pH / EC sensor parameters installed at the end of the output pipe. When the sensor parameters do not change in a short period of time, the current parameters are recorded and considered to be the pH and EC properties of the clean water in the current environment.

4. The high-precision intelligent fertilizer mixing method based on gradient step adaptation technology according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific method for precise adjustment in step three is as follows: Calculate the fertilizer application ratio coefficient for each current cycle. Ratio coefficient = (open time / tmin) / target application ratio; If there are multiple fertilizers with the same low ratio coefficient, prioritize using fertilizers of the type of large amount fertilizer > medium amount fertilizer > micro amount fertilizer to ensure crop safety; Make a fine adjustment to the valve opening time corresponding to the fertilizer, each adjustment being an increase / decrease of 0.5%–1% of the current opening time of the corresponding fertilizer tank; Read the latest pH / EC values ​​and repeat the calculation of the fertilizer application ratio for each current cycle until the pH and EC readings reach the target values.

5. The high-precision intelligent fertilizer mixing method based on gradient step adaptation technology according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first step in making precise adjustments is to determine the following: Determine if the current fertilizer has the expected properties to meet the regulatory purpose. If none of them do, use acidic fertilizer; if the acidic fertilizer does not meet the purpose, report an error. Determine if there is a minimum ratio coefficient among the fertilizers that meet the adjustment purpose, and prioritize using fertilizers with a lower ratio coefficient for adjustment.

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