A fixture and method for machining thin-walled, slotted parts of high-temperature alloy material

Abstract

The application relates to a method for machining a thin-walled groove part of a high-temperature alloy material, the part having a circular ring structure and an extension arranged at one end of the circular ring structure in an axial direction, the extension having a first part extending radially outward from the one end and a second part extending from the first part in an axial direction away from the first part, the second part having a groove to be machined, the groove extending in a radial direction, the thickness of the circular ring structure and the extension of the part being less than 2 mm, the method comprising the following steps: step one, fixing the part with a fixture; step two, rough machining the groove by using a ball head cutting tool; and step three, fine machining the groove by using the ball head cutting tool and cutting the groove along the groove wall.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of machining clamping technology, and specifically refers to a fixture and method for machining thin-walled grooved parts made of high-temperature alloy materials. Background Technology

[0002] like Figure 1a As shown, the traditional method for machining grooves in thin-walled parts made of high-temperature alloy materials is as follows: The thin-walled part is fixed using soft jaws, and the groove is machined using the straight groove method and layered cutting. Figure 1a The numerical order in the middle makes the outer groove flat angle groove tool 01 (see...) Figure 1b The outer groove cutter is vertically inserted into the center of the groove 02 to be machined on the part and cut to a certain depth. Then, the outer groove flat angle cutter is moved to both sides of the groove 02 to cut the groove to the required width. The above steps are repeated until the outer groove flat angle cutter cuts the groove to the required depth, thereby completing the rough machining and removing the machining allowance of the part.

[0003] This machining method has the following drawbacks: Due to the large machining allowance of the parts, the cutting force is relatively high during the cutting process, especially in the first cut of the external grooving cutter; because the external grooving cutter insert is subjected to force on three sides, the deeper the full cut, the greater the cutting force, resulting in greater part deformation and difficulty in removing chips. This necessitates stopping the machining process to clean the chips, reducing machining efficiency; the external grooving cutter wears quickly, requiring the operator to frequently replace the inserts; it is prone to tool jamming, leading to high tool costs and low efficiency. Furthermore, because the structure of the thin-walled parts made of high-temperature alloy materials is a ring-shaped thin-walled component, the thin-walled structure results in poor rigidity and difficulty in clamping. Using soft jaws to fix the parts makes it difficult to control the clamping force. If the clamping force is too small, the part may loosen due to excessive cutting force during machining; if the clamping force is too large, the part may deform under stress (e.g., ...). Figure 2 As shown in the image, the part deforms and springs back after being released, making it difficult to meet the technical requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, this application provides a fixture and method for machining thin-walled groove-type parts made of high-temperature alloy materials, which can avoid deformation of the parts during machining and improve the service life of the cutting tools.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, a first aspect of this application provides a fixture for machining thin-walled groove-type parts made of high-temperature alloy materials. The part has an annular structure and an extension disposed at one end of the annular structure in the axial direction. The extension has a first portion extending radially outward from the one end and a second portion extending axially away from the first portion. The second portion has a groove to be machined, which extends radially. The thickness of the annular structure and the extension of the part is less than 2 mm. The fixture includes:

[0006] The soft claw includes a first abutment surface and a second abutment surface, the first abutment surface being used to contact the outer circumferential surface of the annular structure of the part, and the second abutment surface being used to contact the outer surface of the first part.

[0007] The pressure plate includes a pressing part and a fixing part disposed at one end of the pressing part. The pressing part is used to abut against the inner surface of the first part, and the fixing part is used to be detachably fixedly connected to the soft claw.

[0008] By contacting the first support surface with the outer circumferential surface, the part can be fixed in the radial direction; by abutting the second support surface with the pressing part of the pressure plate, the part can be fixed in the axial direction, thus preventing deformation of the part.

[0009] In some embodiments, the pressure plates include an even number of plates, which are arranged in pairs radially symmetrically with respect to the center of the annular structure.

[0010] The above settings can prevent deformation of parts during the clamping process.

[0011] In some embodiments, a protrusion is further provided on one end of the annular structure of the part in the axial direction, the protrusion extending axially from the one end; the pressing part of the pressure plate includes a radial abutting surface for abutting against the inner surface of the first part, and an arc abutting surface parallel to the circumferential surface of the part, the arc abutting surface abutting against the protrusion.

[0012] By abutting the arc-shaped contact surface against the protrusion, deformation of the part caused during clamping can be eliminated, while ensuring the part is fixed in the radial direction.

[0013] A second aspect of this disclosure provides a method for machining thin-walled groove-type parts made of high-temperature alloy materials. The part has an annular structure and an extension disposed at one end of the annular structure in an axial direction. The extension has a first portion extending radially outward from the one end and a second portion extending axially away from the first portion. The second portion has a groove to be machined, which extends radially. The thickness of the annular structure and the extension of the part is less than 2 mm. The method includes the following steps:

[0014] Step 1: Fix the part to the clamp, wherein the clamp includes: a soft claw and a pressure plate fixed to the soft claw. The soft claw includes a first support surface and a second support surface. The pressure plate includes a pressing part and a fixing part connected to the pressing part. During fixing, the first support surface contacts the outer circumferential surface of the annular structure of the part, and the second support surface contacts the outer surface of the first part; then the pressing part abuts against the inner surface of the first part, and the fixing part is fixedly connected to the soft claw.

[0015] Step 2: Use a ball end mill to rough machine the groove, cutting the groove layer by layer from both sides of the groove with an arc feed path;

[0016] Step 3: Use the ball end mill to finish the groove by cutting along the groove wall.

[0017] By contacting the first support surface with the outer circumferential surface, the part can be fixed in the radial direction; by abutting the second support surface with the pressing part of the pressure plate, the part can be fixed in the axial direction, thus preventing deformation of the part.

[0018] Using a ball-end cutting tool to machine grooves allows the spherical cutting edge to participate in cutting within a 180° range (meaning that during the cutting process, the actual contact point between the spherical cutting edge and the workpiece changes as the cutting edge moves, and the points of the spherical cutting edge that are not in contact with the workpiece can be cooled, thus allowing the cutting edge of the tool to cool more thoroughly). Compared to the three-sided force of a slotted tool, this maximizes the tool's lifespan and avoids the continuous cutting of a single cutting edge during the cutting process of a slotted tool. In addition, the spherical cutting tool causes the iron chips generated during machining to be discharged in a spiral shape, preventing them from getting tangled on the tool. Furthermore, after each layer of workpiece is machined, the iron chips automatically break off and fall off, eliminating the need for workers to clean up iron chips during machining. This significantly reduces labor intensity and processing costs, shortens the production cycle, and increases processing efficiency, making it suitable for large-scale production.

[0019] In some embodiments, step three specifically includes:

[0020] The cutter advances along the left wall of the groove from one end until it reaches the bottom of the groove, and then along the bottom wall of the groove until it reaches the midpoint of the bottom wall.

[0021] The cutter advances along the right wall of the groove from the other end of the groove until the bottom of the groove, and then along the bottom wall of the groove until the midpoint of the bottom wall.

[0022] Lift the ball end cutter and retract it.

[0023] In some embodiments, the pressure plates comprise an even number, and are fixed in pairs to the soft claws in a radially symmetrical manner with respect to the center of the annular structure.

[0024] The above settings can prevent deformation of parts during the clamping process.

[0025] In some embodiments, a protrusion is further provided on one end of the annular structure of the part in the axial direction, and the protrusion extends axially from the one end.

[0026] The pressing part of the pressure plate includes a radial abutting surface for abutting against the inner surface of the first part, and an arc abutting surface parallel to the circumferential surface of the part, the arc abutting surface abutting against the protrusion.

[0027] By abutting the arc-shaped contact surface against the protrusion, deformation of the part caused during clamping can be eliminated, while ensuring the part is fixed in the radial direction.

[0028] In some embodiments, in step two, the groove is rough-machined three times in the radial direction, with each machining process stopping after machining one-third of the depth of the groove in the radial direction.

[0029] By processing in stages, it is easy to check whether the cutting tools are worn and replace them in a timely manner.

[0030] In some embodiments, in step three, the machine tool spindle speed is 30-40 m / min, the cutting feed rate is 2-3 mm / min, and the cutting depth is 0.05-0.1 mm.

[0031] In some embodiments, in step two, the machine tool spindle speed is 35-50 m / min, the cutting feed rate is 3-5 mm / min, the cutting depth is 0.2-0.3 mm, the cutting width is 1.5-2.5 mm, and the finishing allowance is 0.05-0.1 mm.

[0032] These and other aspects of this application will become more apparent in the description of the following embodiments(s). Attached Figure Description

[0033] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, further illustrates the various features of this application and the relationships between them. The drawings are exemplary; some features are not shown to scale, and some drawings may omit conventional features in the field of this application that are not essential to it, or additional features that are not essential to this application may be shown. The combination of features shown in the drawings is not intended to limit this application. Furthermore, throughout this specification, the same reference numerals refer to the same things. Specific descriptions of the drawings are as follows:

[0034] Figure 1a This is a method for machining grooves in thin-walled parts made of high-temperature alloy materials using existing technology;

[0035] Figure 1b This is a schematic diagram of a flat-angle grooving tool used in the prior art for machining thin-walled parts made of high-temperature alloy materials;

[0036] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the tilting of a thin-walled part under force in a prior art clamping fixture is shown.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a thin-walled groove-type part made of high-temperature alloy material provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0038] Figure 4 Is with Figure 3 The diagram shows a fixture for machining thin-walled groove-type parts made of high-temperature alloy materials, provided in an embodiment of this disclosure, in which the parts are clamped together.

[0039] Figure 5 Is with Figure 3 The diagram shows a perspective view of a fixture for machining thin-walled groove-type parts made of high-temperature alloy materials, provided in an embodiment of this disclosure, with the parts clamped together.

[0040] Figure 6a and 6b This is a schematic diagram of the pressure plate provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0041] Figure 7 The fixed position of the pressure plate provided in the embodiment of this disclosure is shown;

[0042] Figure 8 The tool feed path for roughing according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown;

[0043] Figure 9 The tool feed path for finishing according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown;

[0044] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the ball end mill used in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0045] Figure 11This is a schematic diagram of the ball end mill contacting the workpiece during machining, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0046] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a thin-walled groove-type part made of high-temperature alloy material provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 3 As shown, the part 1 has an annular structure 11 and an extension 12 disposed at one end of the annular structure 11 in the axial direction. The extension 12 has a first portion 121 extending radially outward from the one end and a second portion 122 extending axially away from the first portion 121. The second portion has a groove 123 to be machined, which extends radially. The thickness of the annular structure 11 and the extension 12 of the part 1 is less than 2 mm. The part 1 can be made of GH4169 material.

[0047] like Figure 3 As shown, optionally, a protrusion 111 is provided on one end of the annular structure 11 of the part 1 in the axial direction. The protrusion 111 extends axially from the one end to form a step. Optionally, the protrusion 111 can further extend radially inward from the one end to form a dovetail groove 112 for honeycomb welding.

[0048] Figure 4 Is with Figure 3 The diagram shows a fixture for machining thin-walled groove-type parts made of high-temperature alloy materials, provided in an embodiment of this disclosure, with the parts clamped together. Figure 4 As shown, the clamp 2 includes: a soft claw 21 and a pressure plate 22 that is detachably and fixedly connected to the soft claw 21.

[0049] The soft claw 21 includes a first abutment surface 211 and a second abutment surface 212. Figure 5 In the example shown, the soft claw 21 is composed of three identical approximately fan-shaped structures, each with a central angle of 120 degrees. The arcuate ends of the fan-shaped structures extend toward the axial direction of the fan to form a boss that engages with the annular structure of the part. The surface of the boss facing the central angle of the fan is an arcuate surface, which serves as a first support surface 211 for contacting the outer circumferential surface of the annular structure of the part. The vertical surface of the boss, perpendicular to the arcuate surface, forms a second support surface 212 for contacting the outer surface of the first part.

[0050] Figure 6a and 6b A schematic diagram of the pressure plate is shown, as follows: Figure 6a and 6bAs shown, the pressure plate 22 includes a pressing portion 221 and a fixing portion 222 disposed at one end of the pressing portion 221. The other end of the pressing portion, opposite to the first end, is used to abut against the first part of the component. The fixing portion 222 includes a plate-shaped first fixing portion 2221 and a second fixing portion 2222 connected to one end of the first fixing portion 2221. The pressing portion 221 is disposed at the other end of the first fixing portion 2221. The first fixing portion 2221 and the second fixing portion 2222 are L-shaped, and the pressing portion 221 and the first fixing portion 2221 are L-shaped, and the extending direction of the pressing portion 221 is the same as the extending direction of the second fixing portion 2222. The first fixing portion 2221 has a through hole 2223 in the center for fixing the pressure plate to the soft claw, and the end of the second fixing portion 2222 is used to abut against the soft claw 21. The pressing part 221 has a radial contact surface for contacting the inner surface S of the first part of the part and an arc contact surface C parallel to the circumferential surface of the part.

[0051] By contacting the first support surface with the outer circumferential surface, the part can be fixed in the radial direction; by abutting the second support surface with the pressing part of the pressure plate, the part can be fixed in the axial direction, thus preventing deformation of the part.

[0052] like Figure 7 As shown, the pressure plate 22 comprises six plates, which are arranged in pairs radially symmetrically with respect to the center of the annular structure. The angular interval between any two adjacent pressure plates on the radial plane is the same. Of course, the number of pressure plates is not limited to six; it can be any even number, such as two, four, eight, ten, etc.

[0053] Embodiments of this disclosure also provide a method for machining thin-walled groove-type parts made of high-temperature alloy materials, comprising the following steps:

[0054] Step 1: Fix the part to the fixture, make the first support surface contact the outer circumferential surface of the annular structure of the part, and make the second support surface of the soft claw contact the outer surface of the first part of the part; then, make the pressing part of the pressure plate abut against the inner surface of the first part, and finally fix the fixing part to the soft claw.

[0055] By contacting the first support surface with the outer circumferential surface, the part can be fixed in the radial direction; by abutting the second support surface with the pressing part of the pressure plate, the part can be fixed in the axial direction, thus preventing deformation of the part.

[0056] In step one, the pressure plates comprise six pieces, which are fixed in pairs to the soft claws in a radially symmetrical manner relative to the center of the annular structure. Specifically, as shown... Figure 7As shown, six pressure plates are pressed in sequence in the order of A→D, B→E, C→F, so that the angular interval between any two adjacent pressure plates on the radial plane is the same. Of course, the number of pressure plates is not limited to six; it can be any even number of pressure plates, such as 2, 4, 8, 10, etc.

[0057] By pressing the six pressure plates in sequence, from A to D, B to E, and C to F, deformation of the parts during clamping can be prevented.

[0058] Step 2: Use a ball end mill to rough machine the groove, cutting the groove layer by layer from both sides of the groove with an arc feed path. Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a ball end mill is shown, wherein the blade radius of the ball end mill is 1 mm. The specific blade radius of the ball end mill is selected according to the width of the groove to be machined.

[0059] In step two, specifically, as follows: Figure 8 As shown, the machining is performed layer by layer from the outside to the inside, following the arrow sequence 1→2→3→4→5→6……n. In step two, the groove can be rough-machined in three stages in the radial direction, pausing after machining one-third of the groove's radial depth each time. In step two, the machine tool spindle speed is 35–50 m / min, the feed rate is 3–5 mm / min, the depth of cut is 0.2–0.3 mm, the width of cut is 1.5–2.5 mm, and the finishing allowance is 0.05–0.1 mm.

[0060] Step 3: Use the ball end mill to finish the groove, cutting along the groove wall. Specifically, as follows... Figure 9 As shown, step three involves cutting the groove along its wall in the order of arrows 1→2→3→4→5→6. Specifically, the cutter feeds along the left wall of the groove from one end until the bottom, then along the bottom wall until the midpoint. The same process is repeated from the other end of the groove along the right wall until the bottom, then along the bottom wall until the midpoint. Finally, the ball-end cutting tool is lifted and withdrawn. The machine tool spindle speed is 30–40 m / min, the feed rate is 2–3 mm / min, and the depth of cut is 0.05–0.1 mm.

[0061] Grooves are machined using a ball-end milling cutter. The spherical cutting edge can participate in cutting within a 180° range. That is, during the cutting process, the contact position between the spherical cutting edge and the workpiece changes as the cutting edge moves. Figure 11As shown, the contact points between the cutting tool and the workpiece at different positions are P1 and P2. When the cutting tool contacts the workpiece at point P1, other parts of the tool can be cooled. When the cutting tool contacts the workpiece at point P2, other parts of the tool can be cooled. This allows the cutting edge of the tool to be cooled more thoroughly. Compared with the three-sided force of the grooved tool, this can maximize the tool's service life and avoid the single cutting edge cutting that occurs with the grooved tool during the cutting process. In addition, the spherical cutting tool allows the iron chips generated during the machining process to be discharged in a spiral shape without getting tangled on the tool. Moreover, after each layer of workpiece is machined, the iron chips will automatically break off and fall off. Workers do not need to clean the iron chips during the machining process, which can greatly reduce the labor intensity and processing costs of workers, shorten the production cycle, and improve the processing efficiency, making it suitable for large-scale production.

[0062] Step 4: Release the soft jaws from the chuck and remove the pressure plate from the soft jaws. Then remove the machined parts for quality inspection to complete the machining of the parts.

[0063] The fixtures and methods provided by the embodiments of this disclosure reduce part clamping and machining deformation, improve tool life, ensure part machining quality, and reduce machining costs.

[0064] Note that the above are merely preferred embodiments and the technical principles employed in this application. Those skilled in the art will understand that this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, although this application has been described in detail through the above embodiments, this application is not limited to the above embodiments. Many other equivalent embodiments may be included without departing from the concept of this application, all of which fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A fixture for machining thin-walled groove-type parts made of high-temperature alloy materials, characterized in that, Part (1) has an annular structure (11) and an extension (12) disposed at one end of the annular structure (11) in the axial direction. The extension (12) has a first part (121) extending radially outward from the one end and a second part (122) extending axially away from the first part (121). The second part (122) has a groove (123) to be machined, which extends in the radial direction of the annular structure (11). The thickness of the annular structure (11) and the extension (12) of part (1) is less than 2 mm. The fixture (2) includes: The soft claw (21) includes a first support surface (211) and a second support surface (212), the first support surface (211) being used to contact the outer circumferential surface of the annular structure (11) of the part (1), and the second support surface (212) being used to contact the outer surface of the first part (121); The pressure plate (22) includes a pressing part (221) and a fixing part (222) disposed at one end of the pressing part (221). The pressing part (221) is used to abut against the inner surface of the first part (121). The fixing part (222) is used to be detachably fixedly connected to the soft claw (21). A protrusion (111) is also provided on one end of the annular structure of the part (1) in the axial direction. The protrusion (111) extends axially from the one end. The pressing part (221) of the pressure plate (22) includes a radial abutting surface (S) for abutting against the inner surface of the first part (121) and an arc abutting surface (C) parallel to the circumferential surface of the part, the arc abutting surface (C) abutting against the protrusion (111).

2. The clamp according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure plate (22) includes an even number of plates, which are arranged in pairs radially symmetrically with respect to the center of the annular structure.

3. A method for machining thin-walled groove-type parts made of high-temperature alloy materials, characterized in that, Part (1) has an annular structure (11) and an extension (12) disposed at one end of the annular structure (11) in the axial direction. The extension (12) has a first part (121) extending radially outward from the one end and a second part (122) extending axially away from the first part (121). The second part (122) has a groove (123) to be machined, which extends in the radial direction of the annular structure (11). The thickness of the annular structure (11) and the extension (12) of the part (1) is less than 2 mm. The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Fix the part (1) to the clamp (2), wherein the clamp (2) includes: a soft claw (21) and a pressure plate (22) fixed to the soft claw (21). The soft claw (21) includes a first support surface (211) and a second support surface (212). The pressure plate (22) includes a pressing part (221) and a fixing part (222) connected to the pressing part (221). When fixing, the first support surface (211) is in contact with the outer circumferential surface of the annular structure of the part (1), and the second support surface (212) is in contact with the outer surface of the first part (121). Then, the pressing part (221) abuts against the inner surface of the first part (121), and the fixing part (222) is fixedly connected to the soft claw (21). Step 2: Use a ball end mill to rough machine the groove (123), cutting the groove (123) layer by layer from both sides of the groove with an arc feed path; Step 3: Use the ball end cutter to finish the groove (123), cut the groove along the groove wall of the groove (123), and a protrusion is provided on one end of the annular structure of the part in the axial direction, the protrusion extending axially from the one end; The pressing part of the pressure plate includes a radial abutting surface for abutting against the inner surface of the first part, and an arc abutting surface parallel to the circumferential surface of the part, the arc abutting surface abutting against the protrusion.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step three specifically includes: The cutter advances along the left wall of the groove from one end until it reaches the bottom of the groove, and then along the bottom wall of the groove until it reaches the midpoint of the bottom wall. The cutter advances along the right wall of the groove from the other end of the groove until the bottom of the groove, and then along the bottom wall of the groove until the midpoint of the bottom wall. Lift the ball end cutter and retract it.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pressure plates include an even number, and are fixed in pairs to the soft claws in a radially symmetrical manner with respect to the center of the annular structure.

6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step two, the groove is rough-machined three times in the radial direction, with each machining process stopping after machining one-third of the groove's depth in the radial direction.

7. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step three, the machine tool spindle speed is 30~40m / min, the cutting feed rate is 2-3mm / min, and the cutting depth is 0.05~0.1mm.

8. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step two, the machine tool spindle speed is 35~50m / min, the cutting feed rate is 3-5mm / min, the cutting depth is 0.2~0.3mm, the cutting width is 1.5-2.5mm, and the finishing allowance is 0.05~0.1mm.

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