Railway vehicle primary suspension structure

Abstract

The application discloses a primary suspension structure for a rail vehicle, which comprises a steel spring module, wherein the steel spring module comprises a first spring and a second spring; a lower partition ring structure comprises a lower cover plate and a partition ring fixed on the lower cover plate; a damping pad module is arranged below the lower partition ring structure; the damping pad module comprises a metal shaft for fixing the first spring and the second spring in the steel spring module; and a damping pad made of rubber material; the metal shaft comprises a base arranged below the partition ring and a metal shaft integrally connected with the base; the metal shaft is internally provided with threads; the base is made of a steel plate; the base and the damping pad are vulcanized together; a hollow stopper is arranged at a middle position of an upper cover plate; a circular hole is arranged in the middle of the upper cover plate and penetrates through the hollow stopper; positioning pins are symmetrically arranged on the upper cover plate close to the outer edges; the positioning pins are in interference fit with the upper cover plate; and the elastic stopper is connected with the metal shaft through bolts. The application guarantees the service life of the parts and realizes zero wear of the main components.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fully automated products and relates to a primary suspension structure for rail vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] To meet the high-speed operation requirements of rail vehicles, the structural design and performance of the bogies must be improved. The bogies adopt a swing arm type axle box positioning structure, and the primary suspension system uses a steel spring + damping pad structure. The working condition of the primary suspension system can ensure the smoothness and stability of the vehicle at high speeds; therefore, the structural design and operational stability of the primary suspension must be given high priority.

[0003] Existing primary suspension systems with round steel springs and swing arm nodes, such as Figure 1 As shown, its structure consists of a rigid stop, a steel spring, and a vibration damping pad. The spring and vibration damping pad are positioned by a spring clamping seat. The vibration damping pad is made of welded steel plate and vulcanized rubber. Threads are machined on the spring clamping seat to achieve spring pre-compression, which is called pre-compression fixture.

[0004] Disadvantages of existing technology

[0005] (1) There is a lack of positioning device between the frame and the primary suspension. Since the steel spring can only provide vertical stiffness, rubber joints are required to provide lateral and longitudinal positioning stiffness. At the same time, damping pads and primary vertical dampers need to be installed to increase damping, reduce vibration and noise, and reduce the dynamic stress of the steel spring. However, the designed lateral and longitudinal stiffness cannot be guaranteed to play its full role when the vehicle is running, which directly affects the dynamic performance of the vehicle.

[0006] (2) When the vehicle is running at high speed, the primary suspension will have a large displacement. Under extreme conditions, contact may occur between the steel spring and the spacer of the damping pad, between the damping pad and the axle box, between the damping pad and the spring clamp seat, and between the spring clamp seat and the axle box. Long-term contact will cause more serious wear, reduce the service life of parts, and increase maintenance costs.

[0007] (3) The spacers on the vibration damping pads are easily damaged by long-term contact wear, which affects driving safety. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a primary suspension structure for rail vehicles, including a steel spring module;

[0009] The steel spring module includes a first spring and a second spring; the diameter of the first spring is larger than the diameter of the second spring.

[0010] The second spring is disposed inside the first spring;

[0011] A lower spacer structure is provided below the first spring and the second spring to separate the first spring and the second spring;

[0012] The lower spacer structure includes a lower cover plate and a spacer fixed on the lower cover plate;

[0013] A vibration damping pad module is provided below the lower spacer ring structure;

[0014] The vibration damping pad module includes a metal mandrel for fixing the first and second springs in the steel spring module;

[0015] and vibration damping pads, wherein the vibration damping pads are made of rubber;

[0016] The metal mandrel includes a base disposed below the spacer ring and a metal mandrel integrally connected to the base; the metal mandrel has internal threads, the base is made of steel plate, and the base and the vibration damping pad are vulcanized together;

[0017] An axle box is provided below the vibration damping pad;

[0018] An elastic stop is provided above the first spring and the second spring to separate and position the first spring and the second spring.

[0019] The elastic stop includes an upper cover plate disposed on the first spring and the second spring, and a hollow stop disposed in the middle of the upper cover plate; a circular hole is disposed in the middle of the upper cover plate, which communicates with the hollow stop; locating pins are symmetrically disposed on the upper cover plate near the outer edge; the locating pins are interference-fitted with the upper cover plate; the elastic stop is connected to the metal mandrel by bolts.

[0020] Furthermore, the hollow stop is made of rubber.

[0021] Furthermore, a U-shaped adjusting pad is provided between the vibration damping pad and the axle box body.

[0022] Furthermore: a wear-resistant sleeve is embedded in the center of the metal mandrel; then it is positioned with the boss in the center of the shaft box, and the vibration damping pad provides lateral stiffness between the lower cover plate and the mandrel.

[0023] Furthermore, the spacer ring is constructed using bevel welding.

[0024] The present invention provides a primary suspension structure for rail vehicles, which includes a multifunctional damping pad. It can realize primary suspension damping, primary suspension preloading, primary suspension positioning, and isolation of inner and outer springs. The damping pad has a simple structure, high space utilization, and improves the reliability of the entire primary suspension device.

[0025] (1) The present invention incorporates a positioning device, namely a metal mandrel, between the frame and the primary suspension. This ensures both the verticality of the steel springs during assembly and the high lateral and longitudinal stiffness of the primary suspension during high-speed vehicle operation, enabling the vehicle to achieve a higher critical speed. Furthermore, it facilitates the installation of pre-pressing fixtures when shims are required for weighing tests, reducing the difficulty of shim adjustment.

[0026] (2) The present invention sets a second-order vertical stiffness to ensure that the vehicle has appropriate vertical stiffness and vibration frequency during operation. An elastic stop is set in the second-order vertical stiffness structure so that the floor height will not be greatly affected after the steel spring fails, thus ensuring the comfort of the vehicle.

[0027] (3) The present invention optimizes the welding structure of the spacer ring on the upper cover plate of the vibration damping pad. When the spacer ring is welded to the upper cover plate, a bevel weld is used, which improves the welding strength of the spacer ring. Within the allowable range of its welding strength, the quality of the spacer ring is guaranteed, and the weld cracking will not cause the spacer ring to fall off.

[0028] (4) This invention avoids wear and tear on the components of the primary suspension, ensures the service life of the parts, and achieves wear-free positioning function.

[0029] (5) The present invention reduces the number of parts in the primary suspension, reduces the cost of parts procurement and production, and reduces workshop installation time.

[0030] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0031] (1) This invention designs a novel multifunctional vibration damping pad integrated module, which assembles the vibration damping pad, steel spring, and elastic stop according to technical requirements, integrating the vibration damping pad and spring clamping seat in the original solution into a single part. This saves on the cost of part production and assembly while achieving the same function.

[0032] (2) The vibration damping pad is composed of steel plate welded and rubber vulcanized. A wear-resistant sleeve is embedded in the center of the metal mandrel, and then the positioning function is achieved with the boss in the center of the shaft box. The rubber provides lateral stiffness between the upper cover plate of the vibration damping pad and the mandrel. Wear-free elastic positioning is achieved by using a special structure.

[0033] (3) A steel spring spacer is welded on the upper cover of the vibration damping pad. The spacer is welded with a bevel instead of a corner weld, so that the weld strength of the spacer is guaranteed and the risk of weld failure is reduced.

[0034] (4) An elastic stop is installed on the steel spring, and two locating pins are installed in the cover plate of the elastic stop. When the bogie is completed, the locating pins are first assembled with the frame mounting seat to position the primary suspension with the frame. This design can ensure the verticality of the spring installation and compensate for the displacement of the primary suspension relative to the frame caused by insufficient friction when the vehicle is in dynamic motion, ensuring that the primary suspension can provide sufficient lateral and longitudinal stiffness for the vehicle.

[0035] (5) This invention avoids wear between the primary suspension steel spring and the spacer ring of the damping pad, between the damping pad and the axle box, between the damping pad and the spring clamping seat, and between the spring clamping seat and the axle box, thus ensuring the service life of the parts and achieving zero wear of the main components. Attached Figure Description

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of existing technology;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional schematic diagram of the technical solution of this application.

[0039] In the diagram: 1. Shaft housing, 2. Vibration damping pad, 3. Wear-resistant sleeve, 4. Positioning pin, 5. Hollow stop, 6. Spacer ring, 7. First spring, 8. Second spring, 9. Metal spindle, 10. Lower cover plate. Detailed Implementation

[0040] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0043] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0044] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. The directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0045] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "over," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation besides the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is inverted, a device described as "above" or "above" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0046] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0047] A primary suspension structure for a rail vehicle includes a steel spring module;

[0048] The steel spring module includes a first spring 7 and a second spring 8; the diameter of the first spring 7 is larger than the diameter of the second spring 8;

[0049] The second spring 8 is disposed inside the first spring 7; the first spring 7 and the second spring 8 are made of stainless steel;

[0050] A lower spacer structure is provided below the first spring 7 and the second spring 8 to separate the first spring 7 and the second spring 8;

[0051] A vibration damping pad module is provided below the lower spacer ring structure;

[0052] The lower spacer structure includes a lower cover plate 10 and a spacer 6 fixed on the lower cover plate 10;

[0053] The vibration damping pad module includes a metal mandrel 9, which is used to fix the first spring 7 and the second spring 8 in the steel spring module;

[0054] and vibration damping pad 2, wherein the vibration damping pad 2 is made of rubber;

[0055] The metal mandrel 9 includes a base disposed below the spacer ring and a metal mandrel 9 integrally connected to the base; the metal mandrel 9 has internal threads, the base is made of steel plate, and the base and the vibration damping pad are vulcanized together.

[0056] The metal spindle 9 has internal threads, and the steel spring, multi-functional damping pad and elastic stop can be connected together by tooling. The primary suspension is compressed to the working height in advance during vehicle assembly, which facilitates assembly.

[0057] This vibration damping pad module can perform multiple functions, including pre-loading of steel springs, spring positioning, separation of inner and outer spring coils, and zero-wear of related components. Simultaneously, the multi-functional vibration damping pad 2 ensures that the primary suspension provides appropriate stiffness.

[0058] A shaft box 1 is provided below the vibration damping pad;

[0059] An elastic stop is provided above the first spring 7 and the second spring 8 to separate and position the first spring 7 and the second spring 8.

[0060] The elastic stop includes an upper cover plate disposed on the first spring 7 and the second spring 8, and a hollow stop 5 disposed in the middle of the upper cover plate; a circular hole is provided in the middle of the upper cover plate, which communicates with the hollow stop 5; locating pins 4 are symmetrically disposed on the upper cover plate near the outer edge; the locating pins 4 are interference-fitted with the upper cover plate; the elastic stop is connected to the metal mandrel 9 by bolts.

[0061] The hollow stop 5 is made of rubber.

[0062] During static testing or later maintenance of the vehicle, a U-shaped adjusting pad is installed between the damping pad and the axle box 1 to adjust the primary suspension status of the vehicle.

[0063] A wear-resistant sleeve 3 is embedded in the center of the metal mandrel 9; then it is positioned with the boss in the center of the shaft box 1. The lower cover plate 10 of the vibration damping pad 2 and the mandrel are provided with lateral stiffness by rubber, and wear-free elastic positioning is achieved by using a special structure.

[0064] The positioning pin 4 and the frame adopt a clearance fit. By selecting an appropriate fit size, the verticality of the spring installation can be automatically achieved after the primary suspension and the frame are assembled. It can also compensate for the displacement of the primary suspension relative to the frame caused by insufficient friction when the vehicle is in dynamic motion, thus ensuring the function and reliability of the primary suspension when the vehicle is running.

[0065] When the bogie is completed, the locating pin 4 is first assembled with the frame mounting seat to position the primary suspension and the frame. This design can ensure the verticality of the spring installation and compensate for the displacement of the primary suspension relative to the frame caused by insufficient friction when the vehicle is in dynamic motion, ensuring that the primary suspension can provide sufficient lateral and longitudinal stiffness for the vehicle.

[0066] Furthermore, the spacer ring 6 adopts bevel welding instead of corner welding, which ensures the weld strength of the spacer ring 6 and reduces the risk of weld failure.

[0067] This application replaces the rigid stop with an elastic stop. While ensuring the original primary suspension function, it integrates the damping pad 2 and spring clamp seat in the existing solution into one part, which reduces the cost of part processing and assembly, reduces the wear of axle box 1, damping pad 2 and other parts, and reduces vehicle maintenance costs.

[0068] In the primary suspension structure designed in this invention, the damping pad 2, steel spring, and elastic stop are assembled according to technical requirements to form a multifunctional integrated module of damping pad 2. A pre-compression fixture is used to compress the primary suspension height to a fixed height. When the bogie is assembled, the damping pad 2 is installed at the center boss position of the axle box 1, and the locating pin 4 of the elastic stop is assembled into the corresponding mounting hole position on the frame. This vertical positioning ensures the verticality of the steel spring installation and guarantees that the primary suspension provides sufficient lateral and longitudinal stiffness to the vehicle. After the vehicle is assembled, during vehicle weight adjustment on a horizontal track, adjusting shims are added between the damping pad 2 and the axle box 1. After adding the shims, the pre-compression fixture is removed.

[0069] The primary suspension structure designed in this invention ensures that the entire suspension system can achieve wear-free elastic positioning in the longitudinal, lateral, and vertical directions when the vehicle is running at high speed. This reduces the risk of primary suspension failure, improves the reliability of primary suspension operation, enhances the stability and smoothness of vehicle operation, and reduces operation and maintenance costs.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A primary suspension structure for a rail vehicle, characterized in that: Includes steel spring modules; The steel spring module includes a first spring and a second spring; the diameter of the first spring is larger than the diameter of the second spring. The second spring is disposed inside the first spring; A lower spacer structure is provided below the first spring and the second spring to separate the first spring and the second spring; The lower spacer structure includes a lower cover plate and a spacer fixed on the lower cover plate; A vibration damping pad module is provided below the lower spacer ring structure; The vibration damping pad module includes a metal mandrel for fixing the first and second springs in the steel spring module; and vibration damping pads, wherein the vibration damping pads are made of rubber; The metal mandrel includes a base disposed below the lower spacer ring structure and a metal mandrel integrally connected to the base; the metal mandrel has internal threads, the base is made of steel plate, and the base and the vibration damping pad are vulcanized together. An axle box is provided below the vibration damping pad module; An elastic stop is provided above the first spring and the second spring to separate and position the first spring and the second spring. The elastic stop includes an upper cover plate disposed above the first spring and the second spring, and a hollow stop disposed in the middle of the upper cover plate; the upper cover plate has a circular hole in the middle, which communicates with the hollow stop; locating pins are symmetrically disposed on the upper cover plate near the outer edge; the locating pins are interference-fitted with the upper cover plate; the elastic stop is connected to the metal mandrel by bolts; A U-shaped adjusting pad is provided between the vibration damping pad module and the axle box body; A wear-resistant sleeve is embedded in the center of the metal mandrel to achieve the positioning function of the boss in the center of the shaft box. The lower cover plate and the mandrel are provided with lateral stiffness by a vibration damping pad. The hollow stop is made of rubber.

2. The primary suspension structure for rail vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacer ring is constructed using bevel welding.

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