Method for high branch layering propagation of malmea fruit

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of propagation of Artocarpus heterophyllus, and particularly relates to a high-branch layering propagation method of Artocarpus heterophyllus. The high-branch layering propagation method of Artocarpus heterophyllus comprises the following steps: S1. selecting a single branch with a healthy growth state and performing ring peeling; S2. after the cambium is scraped off, a plastic film is wrapped around the upper end of the ring peeling; S3. after the plastic bag is longitudinally cut, the plastic bag is wrapped around the ring peeling position and fixed on the branch; and S4. after the upper end of the ring peeling is fully rooted, the branch is pruned and transplanted. In step S3, 0.75-1.5% of a fungicide is added to the layering propagation matrix, the fungicide is prepared by using a ternary compound of benzene ether carbendazim, oxime ether fungicide and zinc pyrithione as active ingredients, and is supplemented with a surfactant and a solvent. The propagation method can effectively prevent the influence of root rot pathogenic bacteria on the rooting of the branch, is beneficial to the rooting of the high-branch layering, and can further guarantee the survival rate and the propagation efficiency of the high-branch layering, and is beneficial to the smooth development of the seedling raising work of Artocarpus heterophyllus.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of Mammillaria propagation technology, specifically to a method for propagating Mammillaria by high-branch layering. Background Technology

[0002] Mami fruit, also known as Mommy fruit, is a new type of fruit native to South American countries. It is a large evergreen tree that can be used as both a landscaping tree and an economic fruit tree. The fresh pulp of its fruit is edible and can also be used to make ice cream and juice. In the cultivation of Mami fruit seedlings, layering is a method of artificial asexual propagation that preserves the superior traits of the parent plant. Layering is a method of artificial asexual propagation of plants, often used for woody plants or valuable flowering plants where stem cuttings are difficult to root or where cuttings do not survive. Because these plants have relatively stiff branches that are not easily bent down for layering, layering is a better choice.

[0003] Typical high-branch layering involves making a ring-shaped incision on the branch, then covering the wound with moist moss, coconut coir, sawdust, or potting soil as a moisture-retaining and rooting filler. The entire wound is then wrapped with plastic film. Once roots have fully developed, the branch is pruned and transplanted. During this process, the moisture-retaining and rooting filler materials need to be sterilized to eliminate any pathogens and prevent soil-borne fungal diseases from developing during high-branch layering, which could negatively impact the survival rate. Root rot is an important soil-borne fungal disease in production. The main pathogens include Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia solani, and Fusarium spp., with Fusarium oxyporum and Fusarium solani being the most prevalent. Additionally, Fusarium andiyazi, Fusarium graminearum, and Fusarium proliferatum can also cause root rot.

[0004] Drugs used to disinfect root rot pathogens in moisturizing and rooting filling materials include difenoconazole, carbendazim, metalaxyl, and hymexazol. However, due to long-term improper use of these drugs, root rot pathogens have developed varying degrees of resistance to them, resulting in less than ideal disinfection effects. Consequently, when using these materials for high-branch layering, root rot may occur, affecting the survival rate and propagation efficiency of high-branch layering, which is detrimental to the smooth progress of Ma Meiguo seedling cultivation.

[0005] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for propagating Mammillaria elegans by high-branch layering, which can effectively prevent the influence of root rot pathogens on the rooting of branches, promote the rooting of high-branch layering, and thus ensure the survival rate and propagation efficiency of air-layered branches, which is conducive to the smooth development of Mammillaria elegans seedling cultivation.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] The first objective of this invention is to provide a bactericidal composition comprising a ternary compound of difenoconazole, oximeprofen, and zinc pyrithione as active ingredients, wherein the mass ratio of difenoconazole, oximeprofen, and zinc pyrithione is 1:1 to 3:7.

[0009] A second object of the present invention is to provide a bactericide, comprising a surfactant, a solvent, and the bactericidal composition thereof.

[0010] Preferably, the surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and the solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide.

[0011] Preferably, the mass percentage of each component in the bactericide is: 1-20% active ingredient, 8-30% surfactant, and the remainder is solvent.

[0012] The third objective of this invention is to provide a method for propagating *Mammillaria elegans* by high-branch layering, comprising the following steps:

[0013] S1. Select a vigorous single branch and make a ring-shaped bark peel about 2cm wide, 50-60cm away from the tip of the branch.

[0014] S2. After scraping off the cambium with a blade, wrap the upper end of the circumferential peeling site with plastic film. When callus tissue develops at the upper end of the circumferential peeling, unwrap the plastic film.

[0015] S3. After making a longitudinal cut in the plastic bag filled with the layering propagation substrate, wrap it around the ring-shaped bark peeling site, with the upper end of the ring-shaped bark peeling site in the middle of the plastic bag, and then fix the plastic bag to the branch;

[0016] S4. Replenish water in time to maintain the moisture content of the layering substrate at 60-70% (by weight); after the callus tissue at the upper end of the ring-barking has fully rooted, cut the branches and transplant them.

[0017] In step S3, the layering propagation substrate is composed of peat, perlite and coconut coir mixed in a mass ratio of 3:1:1; and by mass percentage, the layering propagation substrate contains 0.75-1.5% of the bactericide described in claim 4.

[0018] Preferably, the peat, perlite, and coconut coir all have a moisture content of 60-70% (by weight).

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] This invention adds a fungicide to the layering propagation substrate. The active ingredients in the fungicide have a synergistic effect on root rot pathogens, which can improve the control effect of root rot and thus largely avoid root rot in high-branch layering. It effectively prevents the root rot pathogens from affecting the rooting of branches, which is conducive to the rooting of high-branch layering. This ensures the survival rate and propagation efficiency of air-layered branches and facilitates the smooth development of Ma Meiguo seedling cultivation. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention can be better understood from the following embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will readily understand that the descriptions in the embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and should not, and will not, limit the invention as detailed in the claims.

[0022] Example 1 Activity tests of difenoconazole, oxadiazon, and zinc pyrithione against pathogens

[0023] 1. Test strains: Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum, which were isolated in the laboratory from layering of infected fruit trees.

[0024] 2. Culture medium: Potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium (200g potato, 20g glucose, 18g agar, 1000mL water) is used to culture the pathogen.

[0025] 3. Test reagents: 95% difenoconazole technical grade (Limin Chemical Co., Ltd.), 98% oximethiophanate-methyl technical grade (Hubei Shuangmeng United Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), 96% zinc pyrithione (Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.)

[0026] 4. Preparation of drug-containing plates: The test reagent was first dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, then diluted with 0.1% Tween-80 aqueous solution to prepare a 10000 mg / L stock solution. Multiple formulations were prepared, with five mass concentration gradients for each single agent and formulation mixture, using a proportional method. 9 mL of pre-melted PDA medium was added to a sterile Erlenmeyer flask. 1 mL of the drug solution was then quantitatively pipetted from low to high concentration and added to the respective Erlenmeyer flasks. After thorough mixing, the solution was poured into 9 cm diameter petri dishes to prepare drug-containing plates of the corresponding concentrations.

[0027] 5. Toxicity Assay: Following the guidelines for indoor bioassay testing of pesticides, the mycelial growth rate method was used to determine toxicity. The test strains were propagated on PDA plates and cultured at 28℃ for 4 days. Mycelial discs with a diameter of 5 mm were aseptically punched along the edge of the colony and inoculated into the center of the drug-containing plate. The plates were then incubated at 28℃. Each treatment was repeated three times, with a control treatment (without pesticide) serving as a blank control. When the blank control colonies reached 80% of the plate diameter, the colony diameter for each treatment was measured using the cross-sectional method. The average colony diameter was calculated, and the inhibition rate of mycelial growth by different treatments was also calculated.

[0028]

[0029] 6. Data Processing: Using the logarithm of the fungicide concentration as the toxicity regression equation x, and the corresponding mycelial growth inhibition rate probability value as the toxicity regression equation y, a linear regression was performed to obtain the toxicity regression equation and the EC50 of the fungicide. 50 The values ​​were calculated, and the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) was calculated according to Sun Yunpei's method. The synergistic effect of the drug was evaluated based on the calculated CTC. CTC≤80 indicates antagonistic effect, 80<CTC<120 indicates additive effect, and CTC≥120 indicates synergistic effect. The results are shown in Table 1-2.

[0030] Table 1. Indoor bioactivity assays of difenoconazole, oxadiazon, and zinc pyrithione against Rhizoctonia solani.

[0031] Drug Name mass ratio <![CDATA[EC 50 (mg / L)]]> ATI TTI CTC Difenoconazole (A) -- 1.3652 100.0000 -- -- Oxime azoxystrobin (B) -- 4.1267 33.0821 -- -- Zinc pyrithione (C) -- 8.2359 16.5762 -- -- A: B: C 1：1：0 1.2448 109.6722 66.5411 164.8189 A: B: C 1：0：7 5.1069 26.7325 27.0042 98.9938 A: B: C 0：1：7 6.2840 21.7250 18.6394 116.5540 A: B: C 1：1：7 2.3114 59.0638 27.6795 213.3845 A: B: C 1：2：7 1.2778 106.8399 28.2198 378.5994 A: B: C 1：3：7 0.9481 143.9932 28.6618 502.3873

[0032] As shown in Table 1, when difenoconazole and oxadiazon are combined at a mass ratio of 1:1, they exhibit synergistic effects; when difenoconazole or oxadiazon is combined with zinc pyrithione at a mass ratio of 1:7, they all exhibit additive effects; within the mass ratio range of 1:1 to 3:7, the co-toxicity coefficient of the three is greater than 120, showing synergistic effects, especially when the mass ratio is 1:3:7, the synergistic effect is the most obvious.

[0033] Table 2. Indoor bioactivity assays of difenoconazole, oxadiazon, and zinc pyrithione against Fusarium oxysporum.

[0034] Drug Name mass ratio <![CDATA[EC 50 (mg / L)]]> ATI TTI CTC Difenoconazole (A) -- 1.1666 100.0000 -- -- Oxime azoxystrobin (B) -- 3.8159 30.5721 -- -- Zinc pyrithione (C) -- 9.6592 12.0776 -- -- A: B: C 1：1：0 2.0176 57.8212 65.2860 88.5659 A: B: C 1：0：7 7.4502 15.6586 23.0679 67.8806 A: B: C 0：1：7 8.1476 14.3183 14.3894 99.5060 A: B: C 1：1：7 3.8909 29.9828 23.9017 125.4420 A: B: C 1：2：7 2.5306 46.0997 24.5687 187.6358 A: B: C 1：3：7 3.4147 34.1641 25.1145 136.0332

[0035] As shown in Table 2, when difenoconazole and oxadiazon are combined at a mass ratio of 1:1, they exhibit additive effects; when difenoconazole or oxadiazon is combined with zinc pyrithione at a mass ratio of 1:7, they exhibit antagonistic and additive effects, respectively; within the mass ratio range of 1:1 to 3:7, the co-toxicity coefficients of the three are all greater than 120, indicating synergistic effects.

[0036] In summary, the combination of difenoconazole, oxadiazon, and zinc pyrithione in the fungicide of this invention has a synergistic effect on root rot pathogens, which can improve the control effect on root rot. This can largely prevent root rot from occurring in high-branch layering, effectively prevent the impact of root rot pathogens on branch rooting, promote high-branch layering rooting, and thus ensure the survival rate and propagation efficiency of air-layered branches, which is conducive to the smooth development of Ma Meiguo seedling cultivation.

[0037] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the invention is for illustrative and explanatory purposes. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it will be apparent that many changes and variations can be made in accordance with the foregoing teachings. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to implement and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the invention, as well as various different choices and variations. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A bactericidal composition, characterized in that, The bactericidal composition uses a ternary compound of difenoconazole, oximeprofen, and zinc pyrithione as active ingredients, with the mass ratio of difenoconazole, oximeprofen, and zinc pyrithione being 1:1 to 3:7.

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