A flexible thermal protection system and method of making the same

Abstract

The present application relates to aerospace engineering aerodynamic heat protection technical field, especially to a kind of flexible heat protection system and preparation method thereof, including flexible fiber cloth function layer, metal foil function layer, flexible fiber reinforced aerogel composite material function layer and flexible fiber reinforced elastomer composite material function layer from top to bottom sequentially;The flexible fiber cloth function layer, the metal foil function layer, the flexible fiber reinforced aerogel composite material function layer and the flexible fiber reinforced elastomer composite material function layer are stitched using fiber suture line.The present application each function layer works cooperatively, overcomes the problem that rigid heat-proof material cannot be deformed and fiber braiding material permeation and heat transfer performance is poor, so that the flexible heat protection system can significantly reduce ablation after deceleration rate, improve structural high-temperature and large deformation adaptability.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of aerospace engineering aerodynamic heat protection technology, and in particular to a flexible heat protection system and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Some aerospace high-speed vehicles are selected to use flexible deployable structures due to the restriction of launch or working load space, or in order to further improve the aerodynamic performance of the vehicle. The flexible deployable structure also needs to have the function of aerodynamic heat protection for some aerospace vehicles flying at high speed in the atmosphere.

[0003] Therefore, the flexible heat protection system with the functions of aerodynamic heating environment protection and folding storage deformation has become an important common technical requirement for future aerospace vehicles. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to provide a flexible heat protection system and a preparation method thereof. The various functional layers of the present application work cooperatively to overcome the problems of deformation of rigid heat protection materials and poor permeation and heat transfer performance of fiber woven materials, so that the flexible heat protection system can greatly reduce the ablation deceleration rate and improve the structural high-temperature resistance and large deformation adaptability.

[0005] The present application provides a flexible heat protection system, which comprises, from top to bottom, a flexible fiber cloth functional layer, a metal foil functional layer, a flexible fiber reinforced aerogel composite material functional layer, and a flexible fiber reinforced elastomer composite material functional layer.

[0006] The flexible fiber cloth functional layer, the metal foil functional layer, the flexible fiber reinforced aerogel composite material functional layer, and the flexible fiber reinforced elastomer composite material functional layer are stitched using fiber stitching lines.

[0007] Among them, a single functional layer is composed of several same single-layer materials, and the number of single-layer materials of each functional layer can be selected by the designer according to the specific use environment.

[0008] The flexible heat protection system of the present application comprises, from top to bottom, a flexible fiber cloth functional layer, a metal foil functional layer, a flexible fiber reinforced aerogel composite material functional layer, and a flexible fiber reinforced elastomer composite material functional layer. Through different interlayer stitching methods, a flexible heat protection structure with the properties of high-temperature resistant gas scouring, elastic deformation capacity, and low permeability can be formed, which can be used as a flexible skin for high-speed flying aerospace vehicles to resist aerodynamic heating environment.

[0009] The flexible fiber cloth functional layer of the present application is preferably a flexible fiber cloth material with high temperature resistance and deformation ability, and specifically includes any one or more of silicon carbide fiber woven cloth, carbon fiber woven cloth, alumina fiber woven cloth, silica fiber cloth, mullite fiber cloth, high-silica fiber cloth, basalt fiber cloth, silica fiber web, mullite fiber web, high-silica fiber web, and basalt fiber web.

[0010] The weaving method of the flexible fiber cloth functional layer includes any one of plain weave, twill weave, and satin weave, the weaving volume density is 30-60%, and the thickness of a single layer of the flexible fiber cloth is 0.1-0.3mm.

[0011] In actual use, one or more of the above flexible fiber cloth materials can be selected as needed, and each can also be selected as a single layer or multiple layers according to the use scenario requirements, and each layer can also select a fiber cloth with different thickness.

[0012] The metal foil functional layer of the present application is preferably a metal foil material with high temperature resistance, deformation ability, and radiation blocking characteristics, and specifically includes any one or more of nickel foil, stainless steel foil, and aluminum foil; wherein the thickness of a single layer of the metal foil functional layer is 0.01-0.03mm.

[0013] The flexible fiber reinforced aerogel composite material functional layer of the present application is preferably a flexible fiber reinforced aerogel composite material with low thermal conductivity and deformation ability, and specifically includes any one or more of silicon carbide fiber reinforced silica aerogel material, carbon fiber reinforced silica aerogel material, alumina fiber reinforced silica aerogel material, silica fiber reinforced silica aerogel material, mullite fiber reinforced silica aerogel material, high-silica fiber reinforced silica aerogel material, basalt fiber reinforced silica aerogel material, silicon carbide fiber reinforced polyimide aerogel material, carbon fiber reinforced polyimide aerogel material, alumina fiber reinforced polyimide aerogel material, silica fiber reinforced polyimide aerogel material, mullite fiber reinforced polyimide aerogel material, high-silica fiber reinforced polyimide aerogel material, and basalt fiber reinforced polyimide aerogel material; wherein the thickness of a single layer of the flexible fiber reinforced aerogel composite material functional layer is 0.2-0.5mm.

[0014] The flexible fiber-reinforced elastomer composite functional layer of the present application is preferably a flexible fiber-reinforced elastomer composite with low permeability and deformation capability, specifically including any one or more of the following: silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicone rubber material, carbon fiber-reinforced silicone rubber material, alumina fiber-reinforced silicone rubber material, silica fiber-reinforced silicone rubber material, mullite fiber-reinforced silicone rubber material, high-silica fiber-reinforced silicone rubber material, basalt fiber-reinforced silicone rubber material, aramid fiber-reinforced silicone rubber material, silicon carbide fiber-reinforced polyimide material, carbon fiber-reinforced polyimide material, alumina fiber-reinforced polyimide material, silica fiber-reinforced polyimide material, mullite fiber-reinforced polyimide material, high-silica fiber-reinforced polyimide material, basalt fiber-reinforced polyimide material, and aramid fiber-reinforced polyimide material; wherein the thickness of a single layer of the flexible fiber-reinforced elastomer composite functional layer is 0.1-0.5 mm.

[0015] The fiber suture used in the present application specifically includes any one or more of the following: silicon carbide fiber thread, carbon fiber thread, alumina fiber thread, silica fiber thread, mullite fiber thread, high-silica fiber thread, basalt fiber thread, steel wire, and aluminum wire. By suturing with the suture, the flexible fiber cloth functional layer, the metal foil functional layer, the flexible fiber-reinforced aerogel composite functional layer, and the flexible fiber-reinforced elastomer composite functional layer can be tightly connected together to obtain a flexible thermal protection system with stable structure.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present application also provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned flexible thermal protection system, which also falls within the protection scope of the present application, specifically including the following steps:

[0017] The flexible fiber cloth functional layer, the metal foil functional layer, the flexible fiber-reinforced aerogel composite functional layer, and the flexible fiber-reinforced elastomer composite functional layer are stacked in order from top to bottom, and sutured with fiber suture between adjacent 2-3 functional layers;

[0018] After suturing, the flexible thermal protection system is obtained by drawing lines and cutting according to the required size and shape.

[0019] The present application stacks several layers of flexible fiber cloth functional layers with high temperature resistance and deformation capability, metal foil functional layers with high temperature resistance, deformation capability, and radiation blocking characteristics, flexible fiber-reinforced aerogel composite functional layers with low thermal conductivity and deformation capability, and flexible fiber-reinforced elastomer composite functional layers with low permeability and deformation capability in a certain order, and then sutures them layer by layer with fiber suture. After suturing, the flexible thermal protection structure can be obtained by cutting according to the use requirements.

[0020] The preparation method is simple, does not need complex and expensive equipment, is easy to expand production, and has excellent social and economic benefits.

[0021] The present application does not make strict limitation to the stitching mode, and specifically, the flexible fiber cloth functional layer, the metal foil functional layer and the flexible fiber reinforced aerogel composite functional layer can be stitched; the metal foil functional layer, the flexible fiber reinforced aerogel composite functional layer and the flexible fiber reinforced elastomer composite functional layer can be stitched; the flexible fiber reinforced aerogel composite functional layer and the flexible fiber reinforced elastomer composite functional layer can be stitched. The adjacent layer stitching avoids the deformation constraint of integral stitching, and further improves the deformation ability of the overall flexible structure.

[0022] The flexible fiber reinforced aerogel composite functional layer and the flexible fiber reinforced elastomer composite functional layer are cross-stitched;

[0023] Or the flexible fiber cloth functional layer and the metal foil functional layer are cross-stitched;

[0024] Or the metal foil functional layer and the flexible fiber reinforced aerogel composite functional layer are cross-stitched.

[0025] In the above technical solution, the density of the stitching needle is preferably 1-5 needles / cm 2 .

[0026] The flexible thermal protection system and the preparation method thereof have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The flexible thermal protection system of the present application comprises, from top to bottom, a flexible fiber cloth functional layer, a metal foil functional layer, a flexible fiber reinforced aerogel composite functional layer and a flexible fiber reinforced elastomer composite functional layer, wherein the flexible fiber cloth functional layer is high-temperature resistant and has deformation ability, the metal foil functional layer is high-temperature resistant and has deformation ability and radiation blocking characteristics, the flexible fiber reinforced aerogel composite functional layer has low thermal conductivity and has deformation ability, and the flexible fiber reinforced elastomer composite functional layer has low permeability and has deformation ability. The four functional layers work together, the flexible fiber cloth material which is high-temperature resistant and has deformation ability is in direct contact with high-temperature gas, has high high-temperature oxidation resistance, and can maintain a non-ablation or micro-ablation state on the surface of the material; the metal foil material which is high-temperature resistant and has deformation ability and radiation blocking characteristics can reflect solid radiation and reduce the heat transmitted to the inner layer; the flexible fiber reinforced aerogel composite material which has low thermal conductivity and has deformation ability forms a large temperature gradient and can further reduce the heat entering the inner layer; the flexible fiber reinforced elastomer composite material which has low permeability and has deformation ability can further block high-enthalpy gas while ensuring good elastic deformation ability, so that the flexible structure has a restoring force.

[0028] The present application uses single-layer flexible materials with different high-temperature resistance, thermal conductivity, permeability and emissivity characteristics as basic component units. According to the specific use environment, several single-layer flexible heat-resistant materials are selected and stacked in the order of high-temperature resistance, radiation blocking, low thermal conductivity and permeability. The high-temperature resistant fiber suture line is used to stitch the layers into a whole structure. The flexible thermal protection structure system can be obtained by cutting according to the required shape and size.

[0029] Therefore, the functional layers of the present application work together to overcome the problems of rigid heat-resistant materials that cannot deform and fiber woven materials that have poor permeability and heat transfer performance. The flexible thermal protection system can significantly reduce the ablation reentry speed, improve the high-temperature resistance and large deformation adaptability of the structure. The flexible thermal protection system of the present application can be applied to the thermal protection, deformation or storage of the thermal end components of aerospace high-speed vehicles, such as the large-area windward surface and wing surface of the vehicle, and is suitable for the thermal protection of flexible components of aerospace high-speed vehicles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to these drawings without creative labor.

[0031] Figure 1 The structure of the flexible thermal protection system of the present application, the stitching line method and the partial sectional view.

[0032] Figure 2 Structure of the flexible thermal protection system of the present application, stitching line arrangement and cross-sectional view.

[0033] Reference signs:

[0034] 1: woven cloth of silicon carbide fiber; 2: woven cloth of carbon fiber; 3: woven cloth of alumina fiber; 4: stainless steel foil; 5: silica fiber reinforced silica aerogel material; 6: silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicone rubber material; 7: stitching line between woven cloth of alumina fiber and stainless steel foil; 8: stitching line between woven cloth of carbon fiber and woven cloth of alumina fiber; 9: stitching line between woven cloth of silicon carbide fiber, woven cloth of carbon fiber, woven cloth of alumina fiber and stainless steel foil; 10: stitching line between woven cloth of silicon carbide fiber and woven cloth of carbon fiber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary in nature and is intended to provide further description of the application. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

[0036] It is to be understood that the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It is further understood that the terms "comprising," "including," "containing," or "having" and variations thereof, when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0037] The technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0038] Embodiment 1

[0039] 1. Selection of functional layer materials

[0040] A woven cloth of silicon carbide fiber with a thickness of 0.14 mm, a woven cloth of carbon fiber with a thickness of 0.12 mm, and a woven cloth of alumina fiber with a thickness of 0.16 mm were selected as the flexible fiber cloth functional layer with high temperature resistance and deformation capability, and the number of layers used was 3, 2, and 2, respectively.

[0041] The 0.01 mm thick stainless steel foil is selected as the metal foil functional layer with high temperature resistance, deformation ability and radiation blocking characteristics, and the number of layers used is 1 layer.

[0042] The 0.5 mm thick single-layer silica fiber reinforced silica aerogel material is selected as the flexible fiber reinforced aerogel composite functional layer with low thermal conductivity and deformation ability, and the number of layers used is 2 layers respectively.

[0043] The 0.5 mm thick single-layer silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicone rubber material is selected as the flexible fiber reinforced elastomer composite functional layer with low permeability and deformation ability, and the number of layers used is 1 layer.

[0044] 2, Layering of functional layer materials

[0045] From top to bottom, 3 layers of 0.14 mm thick plain weave silicon carbide fiber woven cloth, 2 layers of 0.12 mm thick plain weave carbon fiber woven cloth, 2 layers of 0.16 mm thick plain weave aluminum oxide fiber woven cloth, 1 layer of 0.01 mm stainless steel foil, 2 layers of 0.5 mm silica fiber reinforced silica aerogel material and 1 layer of 0.5 mm silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicone rubber material are sequentially layered.

[0046] 3, Stiching of functional layer materials

[0047] The 1K carbon fiber thread and the 180 twist 0.2 mm nominal diameter quartz fiber sewing thread are selected to stitch the 3 layers of 0.14 mm thick plain weave silicon carbide fiber woven cloth, 2 layers of 0.12 mm thick plain weave carbon fiber woven cloth, 2 layers of 0.16 mm thick plain weave aluminum oxide fiber woven cloth, 1 layer of 0.01 mm stainless steel foil, 2 layers of 0.5 mm silica fiber reinforced silica aerogel material and 1 layer of 0.5 mm silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicone rubber material.

[0048] When stitching, the 1K carbon fiber thread is used to stitch the 3 layers of 0.14 mm thick plain weave silicon carbide fiber woven cloth, 2 layers of 0.12 mm thick plain weave carbon fiber woven cloth, 2 layers of 0.16 mm thick plain weave aluminum oxide fiber woven cloth, 1 layer of 0.01 mm stainless steel foil, 2 layers of 0.5 mm silica fiber reinforced silica aerogel material, and the stitching needle density is 2-3 needles / cm 2 ;

[0049] The 180 twist 0.2 mm nominal diameter quartz fiber sewing thread is used to stitch the 2 layers of 0.16 mm thick plain weave aluminum oxide fiber woven cloth, 1 layer of 0.01 mm stainless steel foil, 2 layers of 0.5 mm silica fiber reinforced silica aerogel material and 1 layer of 0.5 mm silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicone rubber material, and the stitching needle density is 1 needle / cm 2; wherein, 2 layers of 0.16mm-thick plain-woven alumina fiber cloth and 1 layer of 0.01mm-thick stainless steel foil are cross-stitched functional layers.

[0050] 4. Cutting

[0051] After stitching, the functional multi-layer is scored and cut according to the required size and shape to obtain the flexible thermal protection system.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] During stitching, 3 layers of 0.14mm-thick plain-woven silicon carbide fiber cloth, 2 layers of 0.12mm-thick plain-woven carbon fiber cloth, 2 layers of 0.16mm-thick plain-woven alumina fiber cloth, 1 layer of 0.01mm-thick stainless steel foil, and 2 layers of 0.5mm-thick silica fiber-reinforced silica aerogel material are stitched using 1K carbon fiber thread, and the stitching needle density is 2-3 needles / cm 2 ;

[0054] 3 layers of 0.14mm-thick plain-woven silicon carbide fiber cloth and 2 layers of 0.12mm-thick plain-woven carbon fiber cloth, 2 layers of 0.12mm-thick plain-woven carbon fiber cloth and 2 layers of 0.16mm-thick plain-woven alumina fiber cloth, 2 layers of 0.16mm-thick plain-woven alumina fiber cloth and 1 layer of 0.01mm-thick stainless steel foil, and 3 layers of 0.14mm-thick plain-woven silicon carbide fiber cloth, 2 layers of 0.12mm-thick plain-woven carbon fiber cloth, 2 layers of 0.16mm-thick plain-woven alumina fiber cloth, and 1 layer of 0.01mm-thick stainless steel foil are stitched using 180-twist 0.2mm-nominal-diameter quartz fiber sewing thread, and the stitching needle density is 1 needle per square centimeter, wherein 2 layers of 0.16mm-thick plain-woven alumina fiber cloth and 1 layer of 0.01mm-thick stainless steel foil are cross-stitched functional layers;

[0055] The selection of functional layer materials and the layering manner are basically the same as in Example 1.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] 1. Selection of functional layer materials

[0058] 0.15mm-thick plain-woven silica fiber cloth, 0.1.0mm-thick plain-woven mullite fiber cloth, and 0.14mm-thick plain-woven basalt fiber cloth are selected as flexible fiber cloth functional layers with high-temperature resistance and deformation capability, and the number of layers used is 2 layers, 3 layers, and 2 layers, respectively.

[0059] 0.03mm-thick aluminum foil is selected as a metal foil functional layer with high-temperature resistance, deformation capability, and radiation blocking properties, and the number of layers used is 1 layer.

[0060] The alumina fiber reinforced silica aerogel material with a single layer thickness of 0.5 mm is selected as the flexible fiber reinforced aerogel composite functional layer with low thermal conductivity and deformation capacity, and the number of layers used is 2 layers;

[0061] The mullite fiber reinforced silicone rubber material with a single layer thickness of 0.4 mm is selected as the flexible fiber reinforced elastomer composite functional layer with low permeability and deformation capacity, and the number of layers used is 1 layer.

[0062] 2, Layering of functional layer materials

[0063] From top to bottom, 3 layers of 0.15 mm thick plain weave silica fiber cloth, 2 layers of 0.10 mm thick plain weave mullite fiber cloth, 2 layers of 0.14 mm thick plain weave basalt fiber cloth, 1 layer of 0.03 mm aluminum foil, 2 layers of 0.5 mm alumina fiber reinforced silica aerogel material and 1 layer of 0.4 mm mullite fiber reinforced silicone rubber material are sequentially layered.

[0064] 3, Stiching of functional layer materials

[0065] 1K carbon fiber thread and 180 twist 0.2 mm nominal diameter quartz fiber sewing thread are selected to stitch 2 layers of 0.15 mm thick plain weave silica fiber cloth, 3 layers of 0.10 mm thick plain weave mullite fiber cloth, 2 layers of 0.14 mm thick basalt fiber cloth, 1 layer of 0.03 mm aluminum foil, 2 layers of 0.5 mm alumina fiber reinforced silica aerogel material and 1 layer of 0.4 mm mullite fiber reinforced silicone rubber material.

[0066] When stitching, 1K carbon fiber thread is used to stitch 3 layers of 0.14 mm thick plain weave silicon carbide fiber woven cloth, 2 layers of 0.12 mm thick plain weave carbon fiber woven cloth, 2 layers of 0.16 mm thick plain weave alumina fiber woven cloth, 1 layer of 0.03 mm stainless steel foil, 2 layers of 0.5 mm silica fiber reinforced silica aerogel material, and the stitching needle density is 2-3 needles / cm 2 ;

[0067] 180 twist 0.2 mm nominal diameter quartz fiber sewing thread is used to stitch 1 layer of 0.03 mm aluminum foil, 2 layers of 0.5 mm alumina fiber reinforced silica aerogel material and 1 layer of 0.4 mm mullite fiber reinforced silicone rubber material, and the stitching needle density is 1 needle / cm 2 ;

[0068] 180 twist 0.2 mm nominal diameter quartz fiber sewing thread is used to cross stitch 2 layers of 0.5 mm alumina fiber reinforced silica aerogel material and 1 layer of 0.4 mm mullite fiber reinforced silicone rubber material, and the stitching needle density is 1 needle / cm.2 .

[0069] 4. Cutting

[0070] After the functional layers are sewn together, the flexible thermal protection system can be obtained by marking, cutting according to the required size and shape.

[0071] Example 4

[0072] 1. Selection of functional layer materials

[0073] A high-silica fiber mesh with a thickness of 0.10 mm, a plain weave carbon fiber woven cloth with a thickness of 0.15 mm, and a plain weave silica fiber cloth with a thickness of 0.14 mm were selected as the flexible fiber cloth functional layers with high temperature resistance and deformation ability, and the number of layers used was 2, 2, and 3, respectively.

[0074] A nickel foil with a thickness of 0.02 mm was selected as the metal foil functional layer with high temperature resistance, deformation ability, and radiation blocking properties, and the number of layers used was 1.

[0075] A high-silica fiber reinforced silica aerogel material with a single layer thickness of 0.2 mm was selected as the flexible fiber reinforced aerogel composite functional layer with low thermal conductivity and deformation ability, and the number of layers used was 5.

[0076] A carbon fiber reinforced polyimide material with a single layer thickness of 0.5 mm was selected as the flexible fiber reinforced elastomer composite functional layer with low permeability and deformation ability, and the number of layers used was 1.

[0077] 2. Layering of functional layer materials

[0078] From top to bottom, the layers were stacked in the order of 2 layers of 0.10 mm thick high-silica fiber mesh, 2 layers of 0.15 mm thick plain weave carbon fiber woven cloth, 3 layers of 0.14 mm thick plain weave silica fiber cloth, 1 layer of 0.02 mm nickel foil, 5 layers of 0.2 mm high-silica fiber reinforced silica aerogel material, and 1 layer of 0.5 mm carbon fiber reinforced polyimide material.

[0079] The sewing method and cutting method are basically the same as those of Example 1.

[0080] Comparative Example 1

[0081] Embodiment 1 of a flexible thermal protection structure with a publication number CN109455316A is taken as the present comparative example, the structure includes a heat-resistant layer, a heat-insulating layer and a force-bearing layer which are sequentially stacked, the heat-insulating layer includes a heat-conducting layer, a first laying layer, a metal foil layer and a second laying layer which are sequentially stacked, the first laying layer adopts the first alumina fiber cotton, the thickness is 5mm, the second laying layer adopts the second alumina fiber cotton, the thickness is 3.5mm. The heat-resistant layer is composed of a ceramic fiber cloth, the thickness is 0.6mm, the area density is about 600g / m 2 The ceramic fiber cloth has excellent heat resistance, the maximum use temperature can reach 1600K or even higher, the heat-conducting layer is graphite paper with a thickness of about 0.1mm, the area density is about 100g / m 2 The metal foil layer is aluminum foil with a thickness of 0.1mm.

[0082] The flexible thermal protection structure in the present comparative example can reduce the temperature to 200℃ when the temperature of the hot end is 1200℃.

[0083] In order to study the high-temperature resistance and large deformation adaptability of the flexible thermal protection system, the flexible thermal protection systems prepared in embodiments 1-4 are subjected to arc wind tunnel tests, and the ablation recession speed, high-temperature resistance and large deformation adaptability are tested, and the test method is as follows:

[0084] Ablation recession speed test method:

[0085] The thickness of the flexible thermal protection structure before and after the test is measured respectively, and the calculation is carried out according to (thickness before test-thickness after test) / thickness before test*100%.

[0086] High-temperature resistance test method:

[0087] The surface temperature of the flexible thermal protection structure during the test is measured by using an infrared double-color pyrometer.

[0088] Large deformation adaptability test method:

[0089] The elongation at break of the flexible thermal protection structure is measured by using a mechanical testing machine.

[0090] Table 1 test results

[0091] Serial number Post-ablation recession rate High temperature resistance Large deformation adaptability Example 1 0.20 mm 1413 Fracture deformation rate 141% Example 2 0.05 mm 1378 Fracture deformation rate 138% Example 3 0.05 mm 1365 Fracture deformation rate 143% Example 4 0.02 mm 1320 Fracture deformation rate 137%

[0092] As shown in Table 1, the flexible thermal protection systems prepared in embodiments 1-4 can greatly reduce the ablation recession speed, improve the high-temperature resistance and large deformation adaptability, wherein the ablation recession amount is only 0.02-0.5mm, the high-temperature resistance effect is 1320℃-1413℃, and the large deformation adaptability elongation at break is 137%-141%.

[0093] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions recorded in the above embodiments can be modified, or some or all of the technical features can be replaced by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A flexible thermal protection system, characterized in that, The flexible thermal protection system comprises, from top to bottom, a flexible fiber cloth functional layer, a metal foil functional layer, a flexible fiber reinforced aerogel composite functional layer, and a flexible fiber reinforced elastomer composite functional layer. The flexible fiber cloth functional layer comprises plain weave silica fiber cloth, plain weave mullite fiber cloth, and plain weave basalt fiber cloth. The metal foil functional layer comprises aluminum foil. The flexible fiber reinforced aerogel composite functional layer comprises alumina fiber reinforced silica aerogel material. The flexible fiber reinforced elastomer composite functional layer comprises mullite fiber reinforced silicone rubber material. The preparation method of the flexible thermal protection system comprises the following steps: From top to bottom, 3 layers of plain weave silica fiber cloth, 2 layers of plain weave mullite fiber cloth, 2 layers of plain weave basalt fiber cloth, 1 layer of aluminum foil, 2 layers of alumina fiber reinforced silica aerogel material and 1 layer of mullite fiber reinforced silicone rubber material are sequentially laminated, and stitching is performed between adjacent 2-3 functional layers using fiber stitching thread, wherein the density of the stitching needle is 1-5 needles / cm 2 ; After the stitching is completed, line drawing and cutting are performed according to the required size and shape to obtain the flexible thermal protection system. The flexible fiber reinforced aerogel composite functional layer and the flexible fiber reinforced elastomer composite functional layer are cross-stitched.

2. The flexible thermal protection system of claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the single-layer flexible fiber cloth in the flexible fiber cloth functional layer is 0.1-0.3 mm.

3. The flexible thermal protection system of claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the single-layer metal foil functional layer is 0.01-0.03 mm.

4. The flexible thermal protection system of claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the single-layer flexible fiber reinforced aerogel composite functional layer is 0.2-0.5 mm.

5. The flexible thermal protection system of claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the single-layer flexible fiber reinforced elastomer composite functional layer is 0.1-0.5 mm.

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