A composite material evaporator capable of simultaneously realizing photo-thermal enhanced lithium extraction and photo-thermal self-water supply circulation and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a composite evaporator capable of realizing light-heat enhanced lithium extraction and light-heat self-water supply circulation simultaneously and a preparation method thereof. The evaporator is of a core-shell structure, the core layer of which is light porous thermoplastic microspheres, and the shell layer of which is a mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material. The mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material is prepared by an in-situ generation synthesis method or a doping blending method. During the preparation of the evaporator, the mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material is uniformly coated or loaded on the light porous thermoplastic microspheres. The evaporator is spherical, has excellent solar spectrum absorption characteristics and selective lithium extraction capacity, and the light-heat interface energy localization and self-assembly rotation characteristics enable the micro evaporator system to have a high solar steam conversion efficiency of 90% and excellent self-cleaning capacity, so that water can be recovered from brine at a rate of nearly 100% to be used in the lithium extraction process in a self-circulation mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of lithium extraction materials technology, and particularly relates to a composite material evaporator and its preparation method that can simultaneously achieve photothermal enhanced lithium extraction and photothermal self-supplying water circulation. Background Technology

[0002] With the booming development of electric vehicles, electronic products, and large-scale battery energy storage systems, the global energy structure is undergoing an evolution from fossil fuels to sustainable electricity, and lithium-ion battery technology is constantly being updated. However, this energy transition faces enormous challenges in ensuring a sustainable supply of lithium. The price of battery-grade lithium carbonate has increased nearly tenfold in the past decade. The supply-demand gap for lithium will continue to widen, which urgently requires improving the production efficiency and capacity of lithium products. Due to its abundant reserves, environmental friendliness, and high economic benefits, lithium extraction from water resources (which account for 70-80% of the world's lithium reserves, usually brine from salt lakes) is increasingly favored by researchers and capital markets. Compared to traditional brine evaporation-precipitation lithium extraction technology (which requires large-area evaporation ponds, evaporation time measured in years, and high brine quality requirements), a series of emerging direct lithium extraction (DLE) technologies, represented by lithium-selective materials for extracting lithium from water sources, have been developed. Their high efficiency, high selectivity, and low requirements on the quality of raw resources make them a new favorite in lithium extraction technology. Among them, titanium-based (or manganese-based, aluminum-based) lithium-ion sieves based on the reversible adsorption mechanism of cation exchange have many advantages, such as high lithium-ion selectivity, low energy consumption, and reusability, and have become the mainstream choice for practical lithium recovery. However, the low solution flux and slow adsorption kinetics on the surface of traditional large-particle lithium-ion sieves severely limit the efficiency and yield of lithium extraction from brine, which is not conducive to large-scale production.

[0003] Another key issue limiting the sustainable development of lithium extraction technology is its substantial freshwater requirement. Similar to other industrial or agricultural production processes, lithium production involves a significant water footprint. For example, in some practical DLE technologies, producing one ton of Li₂CO₃ requires 400-800 cubic meters of freshwater. This means a plant with an annual Li₂CO₃ production capacity of 10,000 tons would require millions of tons of freshwater annually. However, terrestrial lithium salt lakes are typically located in arid / semi-arid desert-continental plateau climate zones, lacking sufficient freshwater resources, experiencing low annual precipitation, high altitude, and large diurnal temperature variations. For instance, in the Qarhan Salt Lake area, the average annual temperature is only 5.2°C, the average annual precipitation is only 23.7 mm, and the relative humidity is 26%, but the average annual sunshine duration is as high as 3183 hours. This means that there is usually insufficient freshwater near salt lakes, and the drastic drop in surface and groundwater levels poses a serious threat to the survival of local flora and fauna, hindering the practical application of direct lithium extraction technology in salt lake regions.

[0004] Considering the clean water demand and abundant sunshine in the salt lake region for lithium recovery, advanced solar technology can be used to obtain clean, reclaimed water from the salt lake brine for a self-sufficient lithium adsorbent. + Elution process. For example, one ton of brine in a salt lake contains 700-960 kg of pure water and 0.2-1.5 kg of lithium, meaning that the water in the salt lake is sufficient to meet the water requirements for lithium extraction, achieving water footprint balance. However, for solar evaporation technology, especially for high-salinity salt lake brine, the scale buildup problem in ordinary solar evaporators (evaporation materials) during the evaporation process often reduces the effective adsorption sites of the evaporator, leading to reduced water production and service life.

[0005] Therefore, developing a multifunctional solar integrated evaporator to simultaneously harvest lithium resources and clean water while suppressing salt scale problems could greatly simplify operations and reduce lithium extraction costs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Purpose of the invention: The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a composite material evaporator and preparation method that can simultaneously realize photothermal enhanced lithium extraction and photothermal self-supplying water circulation, and the evaporator also has excellent resistance to salt / solute contamination.

[0007] Technical solution: The present invention is a composite material evaporator that can simultaneously realize photothermal enhanced lithium extraction and photothermal self-supplying water circulation. The evaporator has a core-shell structure, with the core layer being lightweight porous thermoplastic microspheres and the shell layer being a mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material.

[0008] The composite material evaporator of this invention is a multifunctional solar micro-evaporator. This spherical evaporator possesses excellent solar spectrum absorption characteristics and selective lithium extraction capability, enabling simultaneous recovery of green solar energy, clean water from brine (or brines), and lithium resources, achieving photothermal enhanced lithium extraction and self-recycling of photothermal water production. Specifically, through the localization of photothermal interface energy in this micro-evaporator, it achieves lithium adsorption and recovery while maintaining a high solar steam conversion efficiency of 90%, enabling nearly 100% water recovery from brine for self-recycling in the lithium extraction process (for photothermal desorption of Li in lithium-rich micro-evaporators). + The process is sufficient to meet the water requirements for lithium extraction, thus achieving a water footprint balance.

[0009] In this composite material, the shell layer of mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve, which serves as both a dual-function photothermal layer and an adsorption layer, relies on lightweight porous thermoplastic microspheres. This not only enables the composite material to float on water but also allows it to rotate continuously in a spherical structure, effectively preventing the adhesion of scale or solutes and achieving a self-cleaning effect. At the same time, relying on the porous structure of the microspheres and the mesoporous carbon carrier, the composite material has a high solution flux, improving the efficiency and yield of lithium extraction from brine or brines.

[0010] Furthermore, the mass percentage of lithium ion sieve in the mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material of the evaporator shell is 50-90%.

[0011] Furthermore, the mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material of the evaporator accounts for 5-50% of the total mass of the evaporator.

[0012] Furthermore, the evaporator's lightweight porous thermoplastic microspheres have a diameter of 0.5-10 mm, and the thermoplastic is a hydrocarbon, including polystyrene, polypropylene, or polyethylene.

[0013] Furthermore, the mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material of the evaporator is prepared by in-situ growth synthesis of mesoporous carbon and lithium ion sieve, including the following steps: the mesoporous carbon material is dispersed in ethanol under ultrasonic treatment to prepare a mixed solution, and titanium source and lithium source are added dropwise to prepare a suspension. Then the suspension is dried, calcined, and protonated with dilute hydrochloric acid to obtain the mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material; wherein, the feeding ratio of mesoporous carbon to titanium source is 1 mg: (1-6) uL; the molar ratio of Li to Ti of lithium source and titanium source is (0.81-1.0):1.

[0014] Preferably, in the mixed solution of mesoporous carbon material and ethanol formed during the preparation of the mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material, the concentration of the mesoporous carbon material is 0.5-10 g / L. The calcination is performed first in air at 300-400 °C for 1-3 h, and then in N2 at 600-900 °C for 3-8 h.

[0015] Furthermore, the mesoporous carbon / lithium-ion sieve composite material is prepared by doping and blending mesoporous carbon and lithium-ion sieve, comprising the following steps: mixing mesoporous carbon material and lithium-ion sieve precursor in a mass ratio of 1:(1-20) with a binder, and then ultrasonically blending to obtain the composite material; wherein, the mass ratio of the total mass of the mesoporous carbon material and lithium-ion sieve precursor to the mass of the binder is 1:(0.05-0.5). Preferably, the lithium-ion sieve precursor is lithium titanate, lithium metatitanate, lithium manganese oxide, or layered lithium aluminum bimetallic hydroxide; the binder is Nafion binder or PVDF binder.

[0016] The present invention prepares the above-mentioned composite material evaporator that can simultaneously achieve photothermal enhanced lithium extraction and photothermal self-supplying water circulation, comprising the following steps: uniformly coating or loading the mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material onto lightweight porous thermoplastic microspheres.

[0017] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the significant advantages of the present invention are: First, thanks to the photothermal effect of the evaporator, the enhanced water flux, and the evaporation, concentration, and enrichment of Li, the present invention achieves significant advantages. +The concentration improved lithium recovery performance thermodynamically and kinetically, including adsorption capacity and adsorption rate; at the same time, it promoted the multifunctional micro-evaporation photothermal desorption performance, including desorption capacity and desorption rate.

[0018] Secondly, the distilled regenerated water generated during the application of this evaporator is recycled for the photothermal desorption of Li from the saturated lithium-rich composite material. + The process can recover 100% of the water from the brine, which is sufficient to meet the water requirements of the lithium extraction process, thereby achieving a water footprint balance.

[0019] In addition, the evaporator is spherical, and its self-assembly rotational characteristics give it excellent self-cleaning ability, suppressing scale problems and avoiding the reduction of effective adsorption sites. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 Transmission electron microscopy image of the mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material (LTO@NMC) prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the evaporator surface prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the cross-section of the evaporator prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a characterization diagram of the hydrophilicity of the evaporator prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a characterization diagram of the full-spectrum solar absorption capacity of the evaporator prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 The evaporator prepared in Example 1 of this invention exhibits evaporation performance for different water qualities;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a graph showing the performance of the evaporator prepared in Example 1 of the present invention in completely separating brine.

[0027] Figure 8 The absorption capacity of the evaporator prepared in Example 1 of the present invention for lithium ions in brine under different temperature and sunlight conditions;

[0028] Figure 9 The lithium-ion desorption capacity of the evaporator prepared in Example 1 of this invention;

[0029] Figure 10 This is a graph showing the adsorption and cycling capacity of the evaporator prepared in Example 1 of the present invention for lithium ions in actual salt lake water.

[0030] Figure 11A schematic diagram of the solar-enhanced lithium recovery and water circulation system of the evaporator prepared in Example 1 of the present invention under natural solar irradiation;

[0031] Figure 12 This is a roadmap for the photothermal enhanced lithium recovery and water / solvent footprint balance technology of the evaporator prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 13 The evaporator prepared in Example 1 of this invention exhibits evaporation performance for different water qualities;

[0033] Figure 14 The evaporator prepared in Example 1 of this invention has the ability to absorb lithium ions in brine under different sunlight conditions. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0035] This invention relates to a composite material capable of simultaneously achieving photothermal enhanced lithium extraction and photothermal evaporation for water production. This composite material has a core-shell structure, with a core layer of lightweight porous thermoplastic microspheres and a shell layer of mesoporous carbon / lithium-ion sieve composite material. The lightweight porous thermoplastic microspheres have a diameter of 0.5-10 mm and are commercially available from Henan Youlan Water Treatment Engineering Co., Ltd. The lithium-ion sieve in the shell layer comprises 50-90% of the total mass of the shell layer. The mesoporous carbon / lithium-ion sieve composite material accounts for 5-50% of the total mass of the evaporator. The thermoplastic is a hydrocarbon, including polystyrene, polypropylene, or polyethylene.

[0036] In this invention, when preparing mesoporous carbon / lithium-ion sieve composite materials using an in-situ growth method, the titanium source can be tetrabutyl titanate; the lithium source can be lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate, etc.; and the mesoporous carbon can be nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon or carbon nanotubes, etc. All raw materials used in this invention are commercially available.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] The evaporator of this embodiment 1 is prepared by the following steps:

[0039] (1) Preparation of mesoporous carbon / lithium-ion sieve composite materials: Titanium-based (or manganese-based or aluminum-based) lithium-ion sieve precursor nanoparticles are grown in situ within the nanocavities of nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon (NMC) nanospheres using a template method to form a nanocomposite material. Lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O) was used as an example. 12 Taking (LTO)-based lithium-ion sieves as an example, a slightly excess of Li source (Li:Ti = 0.82:1 molar ratio) is used to avoid lithium loss during high-temperature calcination. Specifically:

[0040] First, 50 mg of NMC was uniformly dispersed in 20 mL of ethanol under ultrasonic frequency of 20-80 kHz, and tetrabutyl titanate (TBOT, C16H) was added dropwise over 10 min. 36 O4Ti (≥99.0%) was added at a ratio of 1 mg:2 μL to mesoporous carbon and tetrabutyl titanate. LiOH·H2O (≥99.0%, dissolved in 2 mL ethanol by ultrasonication) was then added over 20 min at a Li / Ti molar ratio of 0.82:1 to prepare a suspension. Next, the suspension was evaporated to dryness in an oven at 80 °C. The resulting solid mixture was then calcined in air at 350 °C for 2 h, followed by calcination at 800 °C for 5 h under N2 atmosphere to obtain the LTO@NMC composite material. Finally, the LTO@NMC was protonated using dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl, 0.1 M) to prepare a mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve (HTO@NMC) composite material.

[0041] (2) Preparation of composite materials: The prepared mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material is coated / loaded onto porous polystyrene or polypropylene microspheres by uniformly using Nafion binder, which accounts for 5-50% of the mass of the mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material.

[0042] The mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material and the core-shell structure evaporator prepared in Example 1 were structurally characterized, and the results are as follows. Figures 1 to 3 As shown. (Through) Figure 1 It is known that the lithium-ion sieve precursor material LTO is grown in situ within numerous tiny nanocavities (approximately 20 nm) of the mesoporous carbon material, forming a uniform mesoporous carbon / lithium-ion sieve precursor composite material (LTO@NMC), with individual composite particle sizes of approximately 200-400 nm; through Figure 2 and Figure 3 It is evident that the mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material (HTO@NMC) is uniformly loaded onto the surface of porous polystyrene microspheres, forming a typical core-shell structure. In particular, based on the nanoscale size of the mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material, the surface coating is filled with a porous structure, which is beneficial for mass transfer and photothermal processes.

[0043] The evaporator prepared in Embodiment 1 of this invention has good hydrophilicity and excellent full-spectrum absorption capability of sunlight, which... Figure 4 and Figure 5 It can be seen that... and its evaporation performance for different water qualities is as follows... Figure 6 As shown, the photothermal-steam conversion efficiency reaches up to 90%. This evaporator also exhibits excellent anti-fouling performance, enabling complete separation of brine, that is, it can extract 100% clean water from brine, such as... Figure 7 This is sufficient to meet the water requirements of lithium extraction processes, thus achieving a water footprint balance.

[0044] Benefiting from the photothermal effect, enhanced water flux, and locally enriched Li in the multifunctional micro-evaporator + Concentration, thermodynamically and kinetically, improves lithium recovery performance, including adsorption capacity and adsorption rate, such as... Figure 8 As shown; and improved multifunctional micro-evaporation photothermal desorption performance, including desorption amount and desorption rate, such as Figure 9 As shown. Furthermore, the evaporator's ability to adsorb and cycle lithium ions from actual salt lake water is stable, as... Figure 10 As shown.

[0045] Based on the evaporator prepared in Example 1 of this invention, a photothermal enhanced lithium composite recovery and water circulation system under natural sunlight irradiation was designed, such as... Figure 11 As shown. Under natural light, the integrated evaporator system simultaneously harvests clean water and lithium resources. The harvested water is directly recycled to desorb Li. + Photothermal purification and enrichment to regenerate Li + The screening process was used for the next round of lithium extraction, demonstrating the feasibility of green lithium recovery. To achieve a near-zero water / carbon footprint and sustainable lithium extraction from brine, a further technical roadmap combining solar-enhanced lithium recovery with integrated solar evaporator water recovery was proposed, such as... Figure 12 As shown, natural brine is passed through this evaporator to separate lithium, fresh water, and other salt byproducts. Simultaneously, the resulting distilled water is recycled for desorption from a saturated lithium-rich evaporator, where HCl solvent is obtained through subsequent processes. The 100% water recovery rate in the brine is sufficient for lithium extraction, thus achieving water footprint balance. The evaporator after elution is reused for lithium recovery, and the resulting LiCl solution is purified via a bipolar membrane electrodialysis system to ultimately produce a high-purity LiOH product and recover the HCl solvent.

[0046] Furthermore, the composite material evaporator prepared in this embodiment also exhibits excellent full-spectrum solar light absorption capacity and anti-fouling desalination performance, with evaporation performance adaptable to different water qualities, such as... Figure 13 As shown, the photothermal-steam conversion efficiency is also as high as 90%. Similarly, thanks to the photothermal effect, enhanced flux, and locally enriched Li in this evaporator... + Concentration, thermodynamically and kinetically, improves lithium recovery performance, such as... Figure 14 As shown, the adsorption capacity of the evaporator increases significantly under different light conditions.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] The preparation method of this multifunctional micro-evaporator includes the following steps:

[0049] (1) Preparation of mesoporous carbon-lithium ion sieve composite material: The composite material was prepared by doping and blending method, specifically including 0.01 g carbon nanotubes and 0.1 g lithium titanate composite, blended with 0.011 g Nafion binder, and then blended at ultrasonic frequency of 20-80 kHz to obtain composite material solution.

[0050] (2) Preparation of multifunctional micro-evaporator: The prepared mesoporous carbon-lithium ion sieve composite material solution is uniformly coated / loaded onto porous polystyrene or polypropylene microspheres.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] The evaporator of this embodiment 3 is prepared by the following steps:

[0053] (1) Preparation of mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material: First, 10 mg NMC was uniformly dispersed in 20 mL of ethanol under ultrasonic frequency of 20-80 kHz, and tetrabutyl titanate (TBOT, C16H) was added dropwise over 10 min. 36 O4Ti (≥99.0%) was added at a ratio of 1 mg:1 μL to mesoporous carbon and tetrabutyl titanate. LiOH·H2O (≥99.0%, dissolved in 2 mL ethanol by ultrasonication) was then added over 20 min at a 1:1 Li / Ti molar ratio to prepare a suspension. Next, the suspension was evaporated to dryness in an oven at 80 °C. The resulting solid mixture was then calcined in air at 300 °C for 3 h, followed by calcination at 600 °C for 8 h under N2 atmosphere to obtain a composite material. Finally, the composite material was protonated using dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl, 0.1 M) to obtain a mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material.

[0054] (2) Preparation of composite materials: The prepared mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material is coated / loaded onto porous polystyrene or polypropylene microspheres by uniformly using Nafion binder, which accounts for 5-50% of the mass of the mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material.

[0055] Example 4

[0056] The evaporator of Example 4 is prepared by the following steps:

[0057] Preparation of mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composites: First, 200 mg of NMC was uniformly dispersed in 20 mL of ethanol under ultrasonic frequency of 20-80 kHz, and tetrabutyl titanate (TBOT, C16H) was added dropwise over 10 min. 36O4Ti (≥99.0%) was added at a ratio of 1 mg:6 μL to mesoporous carbon and tetrabutyl titanate. LiOH·H2O (≥99.0%, dissolved in 2 mL ethanol by ultrasonication) was then added over 20 min at a Li / Ti molar ratio of 0.81:1 to prepare a suspension. Next, the suspension was evaporated to dryness in an oven at 80 °C. The resulting solid mixture was then calcined in air at 400 °C for 1 h, followed by calcination at 900 °C for 3 h under N2 atmosphere to obtain a composite material. Finally, the composite material was protonated using dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl, 0.1 M) to obtain a mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material.

[0058] (2) Preparation of composite materials: The prepared mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material is coated / loaded onto porous polystyrene or polypropylene microspheres by uniformly using Nafion binder, which accounts for 5-50% of the mass of the mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material.

[0059] Example 5

[0060] The preparation method of this multifunctional micro-evaporator includes the following steps:

[0061] (1) Preparation of mesoporous carbon-lithium ion sieve composite material: The composite material was prepared by doping and blending method, specifically including combining 0.01 g carbon nanotubes and 0.01 g lithium manganese oxide, blending them with 0.001 g Nafion binder, and then preparing the composite material solution by ultrasonic blending.

[0062] (2) Preparation of multifunctional micro-evaporator: The prepared mesoporous carbon-lithium ion sieve composite material solution is uniformly coated / loaded onto porous polystyrene or polypropylene microspheres.

[0063] Example 6

[0064] The preparation method of this multifunctional micro-evaporator includes the following steps:

[0065] (1) Preparation of mesoporous carbon-lithium ion sieve composite material: The composite material was prepared by doping and blending method, specifically including 0.01 g carbon nanotubes and 0.2 g layered lithium aluminum bimetallic hydroxide, blended with 0.105 g PVDF binder, and then ultrasonically blended to obtain composite material solution;

[0066] (2) Preparation of multifunctional micro-evaporator: The prepared mesoporous carbon-lithium ion sieve composite material solution is uniformly coated / loaded onto porous polystyrene or polypropylene microspheres.

Claims

1. A composite evaporator capable of simultaneously achieving photo-thermal enhanced lithium extraction and photo-thermal self-water supply circulation, characterized in that, The evaporator is a core-shell structure, the core layer is light porous thermoplastic microspheres, and the shell layer is a mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material; the diameter of the light porous thermoplastic microspheres is 0.5-10 mm, the thermoplastic plastic is a hydrocarbon, including polystyrene, polypropylene or polyethylene; The mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material is prepared by an in-situ growth synthesis method, including the following steps: dispersing the mesoporous carbon material in ethanol under ultrasonic treatment to obtain a mixed solution, adding a titanium source and a lithium source dropwise to obtain a suspension, then drying the suspension, calcining at 300-400 ℃ in an air atmosphere for 1-3 h, and then calcining at 600-900 ℃ in an N2 atmosphere for 3-8 h, and then protonating with dilute hydrochloric acid to obtain the mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material; wherein the feeding ratio of the mesoporous carbon to the titanium source is 1 mg: (1-6) uL; the molar ratio of Li and Ti in the lithium source and the titanium source is (0.81-1.0): 1; The composite material evaporator is prepared by the following steps: uniformly coating or loading the mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material on the light porous thermoplastic microspheres. Natural brine passes through the evaporator to separate lithium, fresh water and other salt byproducts, the distilled water produced is recycled for desorption of saturated lithium-rich evaporators, HCl solvent is obtained through subsequent processes, 100% water recovery in the brine is sufficient for lithium extraction, thereby achieving water footprint balance, and the evaporator after elution is repeatedly used for lithium recovery.

2. The composite evaporator capable of simultaneously realizing photo-thermal enhanced lithium extraction and photo-thermal self-supply water circulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lithium ion sieve in the mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material in the shell layer accounts for 50-90% of the mass of the composite material.

3. The composite evaporator capable of simultaneously achieving photo-thermal enhanced lithium extraction and photo-thermal self-supply water circulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mesoporous carbon / lithium ion sieve composite material accounts for 5-50% of the total mass of the evaporator.

4. The composite evaporator capable of simultaneously achieving photo-thermal enhanced lithium extraction and photo-thermal self-supply water circulation according to claim 1, wherein, In the mixed solution of the mesoporous carbon material and ethanol, the concentration of the mesoporous carbon material is 0.5-10 g / L.

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