Deep underground space reaming type shaft driving equipment and construction method

Abstract

The application provides a deep underground space reaming type shaft tunneling equipment and a construction method. The tunneling equipment comprises a tunneling unit, a safety platform and a lifting device. The tunneling unit comprises an outer ring coaxially arranged with the shaft and an inner ring. A plurality of hydraulic support shoes are uniformly distributed on the outer ring in the circumferential direction. The inner ring is rotationally matched with the outer ring. A punching drill and a slag excavator are further fixed on the inner side of the inner ring. The safety platform is arranged above the tunneling unit and comprises a ring-shaped fixed platform coaxially arranged with the shaft and a turnover platform. The two platforms can cooperate to close the shaft. The turnover platform is formed by a plurality of sector-shaped platforms. Each sector-shaped platform is hinged to the ring-shaped fixed platform. The hoisting ropes of each turnover winch are connected to the corresponding sector-shaped platform. The lifting device comprises a gantry assembly. The gantry assembly is provided with a lifting winch. The hoisting ropes of the lifting winch are connected to the outer ring. The ring-shaped fixed platform is also fixed on the hoisting ropes. The application has low safety risks, high automation degree and low construction cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shaft excavation technology, and in particular to a deep underground space expansion shaft excavation equipment and construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Existing shaft excavation technology and equipment suffer from various shortcomings, including poor adaptability to rock formations, high safety risks, high construction costs, and complex construction techniques. For example: 1. The muck removal process is complex; excavated muck must first be lifted to the surface and then removed by muck trucks; 2. Workers face high risks during the next cycle of drilling, loading, and detonation work at the excavation face, as debris from the exposed surrounding rock or muck around the shaft opening can easily fall and injure workers. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a deep underground space expansion shaft excavation equipment and construction method with strong adaptability to rock formations, low safety risk, high degree of automation and low construction cost.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes a deep underground space expansion shaft tunneling equipment, including a tunneling unit, a safety platform and a lifting device;

[0005] Both the tunneling unit and the safety platform are designed to be installed inside the vertical shaft.

[0006] The tunneling unit includes an outer ring and an inner ring coaxially arranged with the shaft. The outer ring is circumferentially distributed with a number of hydraulic support shoes. The outer ring can be fixed to the shaft wall by the cooperation of each hydraulic support shoe. The inner ring is located inside the outer ring and is rotatably connected with the outer ring. The outer ring is equipped with a drive motor for driving the inner ring to rotate circumferentially. A drilling rig and a slag removal excavator are also fixed inside the inner ring.

[0007] The safety platform is located above the tunneling unit. The safety platform includes a ring-shaped fixed platform and a tilting platform that are coaxially arranged with the shaft. The tilting platform is located inside the ring-shaped fixed platform. Together, they can close the shaft. The tilting platform is formed by multiple fan-shaped platforms arranged in a circle. The outer end of each fan-shaped platform is hinged to the inner end of the ring-shaped fixed platform. On the top outer edge of the ring-shaped fixed platform, a "7"-shaped platform tilting and lifting frame is provided for each fan-shaped platform. The platform tilting and lifting frames are evenly distributed along the circumference of the ring-shaped fixed platform, and their transverse sections are arranged inward. A tilting winch is provided on the transverse section of each platform tilting and lifting frame. The winch rope is connected to the front end of the corresponding fan-shaped platform.

[0008] The lifting device includes a gantry assembly installed above the shaft. The gantry assembly is equipped with several lifting winches, which are evenly distributed around the circumference of the shaft opening. The winches' ropes are connected to the outer ring, and the annular fixed platform is also fixed to each winch.

[0009] In the above scheme: a transmission rack is provided on the outer edge of the inner ring, the drive motor is fixed on the outer ring, the motor gear of the drive motor meshes with the transmission rack, and the inner ring is driven to rotate by the drive motor, which is convenient for adjustment.

[0010] In the above scheme: the top of the gantry assembly is a frame structure, the bottom of the gantry assembly is composed of four supporting columns for supporting the frame structure, and a lifting winch is fixed at each of the four ends of the frame structure. The four lifting winches are evenly distributed along the circumference of the shaft opening.

[0011] In the above scheme: the gantry assembly includes at least two gantry frames, and each gantry frame is equipped with a lifting winch at both ends of its top, with each lifting winch evenly distributed along the circumference of the shaft opening.

[0012] In the above scheme: an inner ring sliding base is provided on the outer edge of the inner ring, and the inner ring is staggered and overlapped on the outer ring through the inner ring sliding base, thereby realizing the rotational connection with the outer ring. The connection is convenient and has good stability.

[0013] In the above scheme: an upper and a lower inner ring sliding base is provided on the outer edge of the inner ring, and an upper and a lower receiving part is provided on the outer ring. The upper inner ring sliding base overlaps the upper receiving part, and the lower inner ring sliding base overlaps the lower receiving part. Several horizontal rollers are circumferentially arranged between the upper inner ring sliding base and the upper receiving part, and between the lower inner ring sliding base and the lower receiving part. Several lateral rollers are also circumferentially arranged between the inner edge of the outer ring and the outer edge of the inner ring, which helps to reduce the friction between the inner ring and the outer ring.

[0014] In the above scheme: a horn mask is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner ring to guide the blasting shock wave, so as to facilitate the release of the shock wave through the inner hole of the inner ring and avoid the tunneling unit being affected by the impact.

[0015] In the above scheme: the tilting platform is divided into eight equally spaced fan-shaped platforms, a suitable number that facilitates operation. Four hydraulic support shoes are provided, and the foot plates of the hydraulic support shoes are made of damping material, which increases the friction between the well wall and the hydraulic support shoes.

[0016] This invention also proposes a method for deep underground space enlarged shaft excavation, based on the aforementioned deep underground space enlarged shaft excavation equipment, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1. A down-the-hole drill is used to drill from the ground to a depth underground to form a pilot hole that connects to the underground tunnel.

[0018] S2. Expand the pilot hole on the ground to a depth of 2-3m to complete the excavation of the shaft opening section;

[0019] S3. Install a lifting device above the shaft opening, and use the lifting device to sequentially lower the tunneling unit and safety platform into the shaft opening section, with the tunneling unit close to the tunneling face;

[0020] S4. Open the hydraulic support shoes on the outer ring to fix the outer ring to the shaft wall, and excavate using tunneling equipment; during excavation, the inner ring can be rotated by the drive motor, thereby adjusting the working positions of the drilling rig and the slag removal excavator. The excavation steps are as follows:

[0021] 1) First, drill the blasting holes for the entire tunnel face using a drilling rig;

[0022] 2) Workers descend to the tunnel face to load explosives into the blasting holes. During this process, the tilting platform is tilted to a horizontal position to deploy the safety platform.

[0023] 3) Flip the tilting platform upwards to retract the safety platform. After the workers have boarded the ring-shaped fixed platform of the safety platform and the safety platform is in the retracted state, carry out the blasting.

[0024] 4) The excavated soil is shoveled into the pilot hole by a muck removal excavator. The excavated soil falls into the tunnel through the pilot hole and is finally transported to the outside of the tunnel through the tunnel muck removal system.

[0025] S5. After the tunneling equipment completes one excavation, the hydraulic support shoe on the outer ring is closed, so that the outer ring is separated from the shaft wall. The tunneling unit and safety platform are then lowered again by the lifting device to bring the tunneling unit closer to the new tunneling face. The hydraulic support shoe on the outer ring is then opened again, and the tunneling equipment is used for the next excavation.

[0026] S6. Repeat the previous step until the shaft excavation is complete.

[0027] In the above scheme: when the vertical shaft excavation requires edge trimming, the drill bit of the drilling rig is replaced with a hydraulic breaker, and the edge trimming is carried out by the hydraulic breaker.

[0028] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0029] 1. The method of constructing vertical shafts by combining pilot hole drilling with enlargement excavation has the following advantages: excavated soil can fall into the tunnel through the pilot hole and be directly transported to the outside of the tunnel through the tunnel's muck removal system, solving the problem of difficult muck removal during vertical shaft construction and saving construction time; drilling the pilot hole first also facilitates the release of gravity from the surrounding rock, which is beneficial to the shaft excavation and provides conditions for accelerating shaft construction; management costs and machinery usage costs are lower than those of the full-section vertical shaft construction mode; continuous non-overlapping operation mode can complete construction tasks more quickly, efficiently and safely.

[0030] 2. During construction, the drilling rig and the slag removal excavator can adjust their working positions according to actual requirements. That is, the inner ring rotation adjustment can provide a 360° working face for the drilling rig and the slag removal excavator.

[0031] 3. When workers go down to the tunnel face to load explosives into the blasting holes, the safety platform is deployed. At this time, the safety platform acts as a shield to protect workers from falling rocks and other objects, which helps to ensure construction safety. During blasting, the safety platform is retracted to facilitate the release of blast shock waves and protect the tunneling unit.

[0032] 4. The diameters of the inner ring, outer ring, and safety platform can be changed according to different shaft diameters to adapt to the construction of shafts with different diameters, making it easy to promote and use widely. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the tunneling equipment in this invention.

[0034] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A partial schematic diagram.

[0035] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of point M in the middle.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of a tunneling unit.

[0037] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the security platform. Detailed Implementation

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown in Figure 5, a deep underground space expansion shaft excavation equipment mainly consists of a tunneling unit A, a safety platform B, and a lifting device C.

[0039] Both tunneling unit A and safety platform B are used for installation inside shaft 1.

[0040] The tunneling unit A includes an outer ring 2 and an inner ring 3 coaxially arranged with the shaft 1. The outer ring 2 has several hydraulic support shoes 4 evenly distributed circumferentially, and the outer ring 2 can be fixed to the circumferential wall of the shaft 1 through the cooperation of the hydraulic support shoes 4. The inner ring 3 is located inside the outer ring 2 and is rotatably coupled with the outer ring 2. A drive motor 5 for driving the circumferential rotation of the inner ring 3 is installed on the outer ring 2, and a drilling rig 6 and a muck removal excavator 7 are also fixed inside the inner ring 3.

[0041] Safety platform B is positioned above tunneling unit A. Safety platform B includes a ring-shaped fixed platform 8 and a tilting platform 9, both coaxially aligned with shaft 1. The tilting platform 9 is located inside the ring-shaped fixed platform 8, and together they enclose shaft 1. The tilting platform 9 is formed by multiple fan-shaped platforms arranged in a circle, with the outer ends of each fan-shaped platform hinged to the inner ends of the ring-shaped fixed platform 8. A "7"-shaped platform tilting and lifting frame 10 is provided on the top outer edge of the ring-shaped fixed platform 8, corresponding to each fan-shaped platform. The platform tilting and lifting frames 10 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the ring-shaped fixed platform 8, with their transverse sections facing inwards. A tilting winch 11 is installed on the transverse section of each platform tilting and lifting frame 10, and the winch rope of the tilting winch 11 is connected to the front end of the corresponding fan-shaped platform.

[0042] The lifting device C includes a gantry assembly 12 installed above the shaft 1, and a number of lifting winches 13 are equipped on the gantry assembly 12. The lifting winches 13 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the shaft opening of the shaft 1, and the winches 13 are connected to the outer ring 2. The annular fixed platform 8 is also fixed to each winch.

[0043] Ideally, a transmission rack 14 is provided on the outer edge of the inner ring 3, and the drive motor 5 is fixed on the outer ring 2. The motor gear of the drive motor 5 meshes with the transmission rack 14, and the inner ring 3 is driven to rotate by the drive motor 5, which is convenient for adjustment.

[0044] Ideally, the top of the gantry assembly 12 is a frame structure, and the bottom of the gantry assembly 12 is composed of four supporting columns for supporting the frame structure. A lifting winch 13 is fixed at each of the four ends of the frame structure, and the four lifting winches 13 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the shaft opening 1.

[0045] Preferably, the gantry assembly 12 includes at least two gantry frames, each gantry frame having a lifting winch 13 at both ends of its top, with each lifting winch 13 evenly distributed around the circumference of the shaft opening 1.

[0046] Ideally, an inner ring sliding base 15 is provided on the outer edge of the inner ring 3, and the inner ring 3 is staggered and overlapped with the outer ring 2 through the inner ring sliding base 15, thereby realizing a rotatable connection with the outer ring 2, which is convenient and has good stability.

[0047] Ideally, the outer edge of the inner ring 3 is provided with two inner ring sliding bases 15, one above the other, and the outer ring 2 is provided with two receiving parts, one above the other. The upper inner ring sliding base 15 overlaps with the upper receiving part, and the lower inner ring sliding base 15 overlaps with the lower receiving part. Furthermore, several horizontal rollers 16 are circumferentially arranged between the upper inner ring sliding base 15 and the upper receiving part, and between the lower inner ring sliding base 15 and the lower receiving part. Several lateral rollers 17 are also circumferentially arranged between the inner edge of the outer ring 2 and the outer edge of the inner ring 3, which helps to reduce the friction between the inner ring 3 and the outer ring 2.

[0048] Ideally, a horn mask 18 should be fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner ring 3 to guide the blast shock wave, so that the shock wave can be released through the inner hole of the inner ring 3 and the tunneling unit A can be avoided from being affected by the impact.

[0049] Ideally, the tilting platform should be divided into eight equally spaced sector platforms, a suitable number for easy operation. Four hydraulic support shoes (4) should be provided, and the foot plates of the hydraulic support shoes (4) should be made of damping material to increase the friction between the well wall and the hydraulic support shoes (4).

[0050] A method for deep underground space enlarged shaft excavation, based on the aforementioned deep underground space enlarged shaft excavation equipment, includes the following steps:

[0051] S1. A down-the-hole drill is used to drill from the ground to the depths of the underground to form a pilot hole 20 that connects to the underground tunnel 19.

[0052] S2. On the ground, the pilot hole 20 is enlarged and excavated to a depth of 2-3m to complete the excavation of the shaft head section of vertical shaft 1.

[0053] S3. Install a lifting device C above the wellhead, and use the lifting device C to sequentially lower the tunneling machine A and the safety platform B into the wellhead section of vertical shaft 1, with the tunneling machine A close to the tunneling face.

[0054] S4. Open the hydraulic support shoe 4 on the outer ring 2 to fix the outer ring 2 to the perimeter wall of the shaft 1, and then excavate using the tunneling equipment. During the excavation process, the inner ring 3 can be rotated by the drive motor 5, thereby adjusting the working positions of the drilling rig 6 and the slag removal excavator 7. The excavation steps are as follows:

[0055] 1) First, the drilling of blasting holes for the entire tunnel face is completed by drilling rig 6.

[0056] 2) Workers go down to the tunnel face to load explosives into the blasting holes. During this process, the tilting platform 9 is tilted to a horizontal position so that the safety platform B can be deployed.

[0057] 3) Flip the flip-type platform 9 upwards to retract the safety platform B. After the worker gets onto the ring-shaped fixed platform 8 of the safety platform B and the safety platform B is in the retracted state, carry out the blasting.

[0058] 4) The excavated soil is shoveled into the pilot hole 20 by the muck removal excavator 7. The excavated soil falls into the tunnel 19 through the pilot hole 20 and is finally transported to the outside of the tunnel through the tunnel muck removal system.

[0059] S5. After the tunneling equipment completes one excavation, the hydraulic support shoe 4 on the outer ring 2 is closed, so that the outer ring 2 is separated from the shaft wall. The tunneling unit A and the safety platform B are then lowered again by the lifting device C, so that the tunneling unit A is close to the new tunneling face. The hydraulic support shoe 4 on the outer ring 2 is then opened again, and the tunneling equipment is used for the next excavation.

[0060] S6. Repeat the previous step until shaft 1 is excavated.

[0061] Ideally, when the excavation of shaft 1 requires edge trimming, the drill bit of the drilling machine 6 should be replaced with a hydraulic breaker, and the edge trimming should be carried out by the hydraulic breaker.

Claims

1. A deep underground space reaming shaft excavation equipment, comprising a tunneling unit (A), a safety platform (B), and a lifting device (C), characterized in that: The tunneling unit (A) and the safety platform (B) are both installed inside the shaft (1); The tunneling unit (A) includes an outer ring (2) and an inner ring (3) coaxially arranged with the shaft (1). The outer ring (2) is evenly distributed with several hydraulic support shoes (4) in the circumferential direction. The outer ring (2) can be fixed to the circumferential wall of the shaft (1) through the cooperation of each hydraulic support shoe (4). The inner ring (3) is located inside the outer ring (2) and is rotatably connected with the outer ring (2). The outer ring (2) is provided with a drive motor (5) for driving the inner ring (3) to rotate in the circumferential direction. A drilling machine (6) and a slag removal excavator (7) are also fixed inside the inner ring (3). The safety platform (B) is located above the tunneling unit (A). The safety platform (B) includes an annular fixed platform (8) and a tilting platform (9) coaxially arranged with the shaft (1). The tilting platform (9) is located inside the annular fixed platform (8). The annular fixed platform (8) and the tilting platform (9) work together to close the shaft (1). The tilting platform (9) is formed by multiple fan-shaped platforms arranged in a circle. The outer ends of each fan-shaped platform are connected to the annular fixed platform (8). The inner end is hinged, and a "7"-shaped platform tilting and lifting frame (10) is provided on the top outer edge of the annular fixed platform (8) for each fan-shaped platform. The platform tilting and lifting frame (10) is evenly distributed along the circumference of the annular fixed platform (8), and the horizontal section of the platform tilting and lifting frame (10) is set inward. A tilting winch (11) is provided on the horizontal section of each platform tilting and lifting frame (10), and the winch rope of the tilting winch (11) is connected to the front end of the corresponding fan-shaped platform. The lifting device (C) includes a gantry assembly (12) set above the shaft (1), the gantry assembly (12) is equipped with a number of lifting winches (13), the lifting winches (13) are evenly distributed around the circumference of the shaft (1) opening, the winches (13) are connected to the outer ring (2), and the ring-shaped fixed platform (8) is also fixed to each winch; The top of the gantry assembly (12) is a frame structure, and the bottom of the gantry assembly (12) is composed of four supporting columns for supporting the frame structure. A lifting winch (13) is fixed at each of the four ends of the frame structure. The four lifting winches (13) are evenly distributed around the circumference of the shaft opening (1). An inner ring sliding base (15) is provided on the outer edge of the inner ring (3). The inner ring (3) is staggered and overlapped with the outer ring (2) through the inner ring sliding base (15), thereby realizing the rotational connection with the outer ring (2). The outer edge of the inner ring (3) The outer ring (2) is provided with two inner ring sliding bases (15) on the upper and lower sides. The upper inner ring sliding base (15) overlaps the upper support part, and the lower inner ring sliding base (15) overlaps the lower support part. Several horizontal rollers (16) are circumferentially arranged between the upper inner ring sliding base (15) and the upper support part, and between the lower inner ring sliding base (15) and the lower support part. Several lateral rollers (17) are also circumferentially arranged between the inner edge of the outer ring (2) and the outer edge of the inner ring (3).

2. The deep underground space enlarged shaft excavation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner ring (3) has a transmission rack (14) on its outer edge. The drive motor (5) is fixed on the outer ring (2). The motor gear of the drive motor (5) meshes with the transmission rack (14).

3. The deep underground space enlarged shaft excavation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gantry assembly (12) includes at least two gantry frames, each gantry frame having a lifting winch (13) at both ends of its top, and each lifting winch (13) being evenly distributed around the circumference of the shaft opening (1).

4. The deep underground space enlarged shaft excavation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the inner ring (3) is fixedly fitted with a horn mask (18).

5. The deep underground space enlarged shaft excavation equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flip-type platform (9) is divided into eight fan-shaped platforms in the circumference. There are four hydraulic support shoes (4), and the foot plates of the hydraulic support shoes (4) are made of damping material.

6. A method for excavating a deep underground shaft using a borehole-expanding method, characterized in that, The deep underground space borehole-expanding vertical shaft excavation equipment according to any one of claims 1-5 includes the following steps: S1. A down-the-hole drill is used to drill from the ground to the depths of the underground to form a pilot hole (20) that is connected to the underground tunnel (19). S2. On the ground, the pilot hole (20) is enlarged and excavated to a depth of 2-3m to complete the excavation of the shaft (1) head section; S3. Install a lifting device (C) above the wellhead, and use the lifting device (C) to place the tunneling unit (A) and safety platform (B) into the wellhead section of the vertical shaft (1) in sequence, with the tunneling unit (A) close to the tunneling face; S4. Open the hydraulic support shoe (4) on the outer ring (2) to fix the outer ring (2) to the perimeter wall of the shaft (1) and excavate using the tunneling equipment; during the excavation process, the inner ring (3) can be rotated by the drive motor (5), thereby adjusting the position of the drilling rig (6) and the slag removal excavator (7). The excavation steps are as follows: 1) First, the drilling of blasting holes for the entire tunnel face is completed by drilling rig (6); 2) Workers go down to the tunnel face to load explosives into the blasting holes. During this process, the tilting platform (9) is tilted to a horizontal position so that the safety platform (B) can be deployed. 3) Flip the flip platform (9) upwards to retract the safety platform (B). After the worker gets onto the ring-shaped fixed platform (8) of the safety platform (B) and ensures that the safety platform (B) is in the retracted state, carry out the blasting. 4) The excavated slag is shoveled into the pilot hole (20) by the slag removal excavator (7), and the excavated slag falls into the tunnel (19) through the pilot hole (20), and is finally transported to the outside of the tunnel through the tunnel slag removal system; S5. After the tunneling equipment has completed one excavation, the hydraulic support shoe (4) on the outer ring (2) is closed, so that the outer ring (2) is separated from the vertical shaft wall. The tunneling unit (A) and the safety platform (B) are moved down again by the lifting device (C) so that the tunneling unit (A) is close to the new tunneling face. The hydraulic support shoe (4) on the outer ring (2) is opened again, and the tunneling equipment is used for the next excavation. S6. Repeat step S5 until the shaft (1) is excavated.

7. The method for deep underground space expanded-hole vertical shaft excavation as described in claim 6, characterized in that: When the vertical shaft (1) needs to be trimmed during excavation, the drill bit of the drilling machine (6) is replaced with a hydraulic breaker, and the edge is trimmed by the hydraulic breaker.

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