A process device for turning an elongated shaft and a method of machining thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of process device of turning slender shaft and its processing method, belong to mechanical manufacturing field.The process device of the present application includes: support assembly (1), seat body (2), dial gauge (3), threaded bushing (4), dial gauge locking handle (5).The method of the present application changes traditional processing mode, i.e."three-point type" support such as follow cutter holder, center rest, etc.Support and shaft produce sliding friction.Using the processing principle of horizontal lathe, design a kind of process device of turning slender shaft and its processing method, improve sliding friction to rolling friction, process device realizes the effect of support and rolling pressure to slender shaft simultaneously, realizes high-efficiency, high-precision turning processing slender shaft.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mechanical manufacturing, and specifically relates to a process device and processing method for turning slender shafts. Background Technology

[0002] Turning slender shafts, especially those with a diameter greater than 30 times their original diameter, presents challenges due to the workpiece's poor rigidity, leading to vibrations that negatively impact turning accuracy. Traditional methods involve adding follow rests, center rests, and other auxiliary supports, but these devices cannot effectively address the vibration and deformation issues during the turning of slender shafts.

[0003] Using conventional tool holders, center supports and other auxiliary supports, the support surface of the process device and the cutting force cannot be coplanar, and the cutting resistance of the tool cannot be effectively offset, resulting in the following main drawbacks: (1) The vibration is more obvious, the turning speed is limited, and the processing efficiency is lower; (2) The straightness, shaft diameter, surface quality and other accuracy of the slender shaft are not easy to guarantee; (3) The process device and the slender shaft are both rigid supports and are subject to sliding friction, so the support force cannot be adjusted during the processing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to provide a process apparatus and processing method for turning slender shafts, so as to solve the problem that deformation is difficult to control when machining slender shafts on a lathe.

[0006] (II) Technical Solution

[0007] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention proposes a process device for turning slender shafts, the process device comprising: a support assembly (1), a base (2), a dial indicator (3), a threaded bushing (4), and a dial indicator locking handle (5);

[0008] The base (2) is welded together from the base body, the base mounting rod (13), and the dial indicator mounting rod (14); the base mounting rod (13) is installed at the center of the bottom of the base body, the base mounting rod (13) has a mounting rod arc profile (18) in the middle, and the base mounting end (8) is provided at the bottom; the dial indicator mounting rod (14) is an L-shaped rod, installed below the base body, and is used to install the dial indicator (3); two support assembly mounting holes (15) are provided on both sides of the base body for installing threaded bushings (4), and the threaded bushings (4) have internal threads for installing the support assembly (1);

[0009] The support assembly (1) includes: a steel ball (19), a steel ball sleeve (20), a locking nut (21), a support shaft (22), a manual locking nut (23), and a manual drive handle (24); the steel ball sleeve (20) is used to install the steel ball (19), and a locking nut (21) is provided at the right end of the steel ball sleeve (20) to fix the steel ball sleeve (20) to the support shaft (22); the support shaft (22) is connected to the right end of the locking nut (21), the support shaft (22) is provided with external threads, and a manual locking nut (23) is provided on the support shaft (22) to fix the axial position of the support assembly (1) in the threaded bushing (4); a manual drive handle (24) is installed at the right end of the support shaft (22);

[0010] A dial indicator mounting hole (16) and a dial indicator locking thread hole (17) are provided at the end of the dial indicator mounting rod (14) of the base (2). The dial indicator (3) is installed in the dial indicator mounting hole (16), and the dial indicator locking handle (5) is screwed into the dial indicator locking thread hole (17) to fix the dial indicator (3). The amount of deformation of the slender shaft during the cutting process is read through the dial indicator (3).

[0011] The present invention also provides a method for machining slender shafts by turning, the method comprising the following steps:

[0012] S1. Install a slender shaft on a horizontal lathe, with one end mounted on the lathe's faceplate and the other end positioned using the lathe's set screw.

[0013] S2. Select the cutting tool and install it on the tool post of the horizontal lathe, and adjust the position of the cutting tool relative to the slender shaft;

[0014] S3. Assemble the process equipment, install the dial indicator, check the lubrication of the steel balls, add lubricating oil if necessary, and lock it with a thin nut (21) after adding oil.

[0015] S4. Install the process device on the tool post of the horizontal lathe and adjust the two sets of support assemblies (1) so that the steel ball (19) just contacts the outer surface of the circumference of the slender shaft; adjust the dial indicator (3) and record the reading at the "0" position.

[0016] S5. Start the lathe, move the tool post, observe the reading of the dial indicator (3), adjust the support assembly (1), and adjust the reading of the dial indicator (3).

[0017] S6. Lathe reset, rough machining of slender shaft; during machining, according to the reading of dial indicator (3), manually drive handle (24) to adjust the two sets of support assemblies (1), and finally manually lock nut (23) for positioning.

[0018] S7. During the turning process, use a magnifying glass to observe the degree of rolling on the slender shaft surface, and make minor adjustments to the support assembly if necessary.

[0019] S8, same as S6 and S7 operation methods, semi-finished and finished slender shafts;

[0020] S9. Inspect the machining quality of the slender shaft; that is, loosen the support assembly (1) and the cutting tool (7), and use the dial indicator (3) on the process device, as well as the outside micrometer and roughness measuring block to check the straightness, shaft diameter and surface quality of the slender shaft.

[0021] S10. Disassemble the process equipment and remove the dial indicator from the process equipment for safekeeping.

[0022] S11. Disassemble and assemble the slender shaft, and put it into storage.

[0023] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0024] This invention proposes a machining apparatus and method for turning slender shafts. The method changes the traditional machining approach, which uses a three-point support system (tool rest, center rest, etc.) that generates sliding friction between the support and the shaft. Utilizing the machining principle of a horizontal lathe, a machining apparatus and method for turning slender shafts are designed, transforming sliding friction into rolling friction. The apparatus simultaneously provides support and rolling action on the slender shaft, achieving efficient and high-precision turning of slender shafts. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a general structural diagram of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 AA planar view;

[0027] Figure 3 Here is a structural diagram of the base (part 2);

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The left view;

[0029] Figure 5 Structural diagram for supporting assembly (part 1).

[0030] In the diagram: 1. Support assembly; 2. Base; 3. Dial indicator; 4. Threaded bushing; 5. Dial indicator locking handle; 6. Slender shaft; 7. Tool; 8. Base mounting end; 9. Slender shaft faceplate clamping; 10. Slender shaft axial positioning; 11. Lathe tool post; 12. Tool feed direction; 13. Base mounting rod; 14. Dial indicator mounting rod; 15. Support assembly mounting hole; 16. Dial indicator mounting hole; 17. Dial indicator locking threaded hole; 18. Mounting rod arc profile; 19. Steel ball; 20. Steel ball sleeve; 21. Locking thin nut; 22. Support shaft; 23. Manual locking nut; 24. Manual drive handle. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, contents, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0032] The present invention relates to a process apparatus and a processing method for turning slender shafts, which is used to solve the problem of difficult deformation control when machining slender shafts on a lathe. It is suitable for high-precision turning of slender shafts and belongs to the field of mechanical manufacturing.

[0033] The method of this invention mainly utilizes a process device for turning slender shafts to achieve coplanarity and synchronous movement of the cutting edge of the tool and the support assembly. Furthermore, during the turning process, the support force of the support assembly on the slender shaft is adjusted based on the dial indicator reading to achieve a balance between the support force and the tool resistance, thus enabling efficient and high-precision turning of slender shafts on a horizontal lathe.

[0034] This invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0035] The process method of this invention is based on the machining characteristics of a horizontal lathe, and designs a process device and machining method for turning slender shafts to achieve a process scheme for turning slender shafts with high efficiency and high precision.

[0036] The aforementioned process device for turning slender shafts adopts the working principle of a horizontal lathe. The two sets of support assemblies of the device and the cutting edge of the tool form three points that are coplanar and evenly distributed at 120°.

[0037] The aforementioned machining apparatus and method for turning slender shafts utilize the rolling principle of steel balls. During the cutting motion, the apparatus generates a rolling motion relative to the slender shaft, achieving a slight rolling effect. (This changes the sliding friction method of traditional apparatuses, reducing the impact on the surface quality of the slender shaft.)

[0038] The aforementioned process apparatus and method for turning slender shafts are equipped with a dial indicator, which can read the deformation of the slender shaft during the cutting process and operate the support assembly for compensation and adjustment.

[0039] The aforementioned process device for turning slender shafts is mounted on the lathe tool post, symmetrical to the tool, and moves synchronously with the tool post.

[0040] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the process apparatus used in the method of the present invention includes: a support assembly (1), a base (2), a dial indicator (3), a threaded bushing (4), and a dial indicator locking handle (5), etc. Wherein:

[0041] The base (2) is welded together from the base body, the base mounting rod (13), and the dial indicator mounting rod (14); the base mounting rod (13) is installed at the center of the bottom of the base body, the base mounting rod (13) has a mounting rod arc profile (18) in the middle, and the base mounting end (8) is provided at the bottom; the dial indicator mounting rod (14) is an L-shaped rod, installed below the base body, and is used to install the dial indicator (3); two support assembly mounting holes (15) are provided on both sides of the base body for installing threaded bushings (4), and the threaded bushings (4) have internal threads for installing the support assembly (1);

[0042] The support assembly (1) includes: a steel ball (19), a steel ball sleeve (20), a locking nut (21), a support shaft (22), a manual locking nut (23), and a manual drive handle (24). The steel ball sleeve (20) is used to install the steel ball (19). A locking nut (21) is provided at the right end of the steel ball sleeve (20) to fix the steel ball sleeve (20) to the support shaft (22). The support shaft (22) is connected to the right end of the locking nut (21). The support shaft (22) is provided with external threads. A manual locking nut (23) is provided on the support shaft (22). The manual locking nut (23) is used to fix the axial position of the support assembly (1) in the threaded bushing (4). A manual drive handle (24) is installed at the right end of the support shaft (22).

[0043] like Figure 1 , Figure 5 As shown, install the support assembly (1), install the steel ball (19) inside the steel ball sleeve (20), add lubricating oil, and install the locking thin nut (21), support shaft (22), manual locking nut (23), and manual drive handle (24) in sequence.

[0044] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, there are two sets of support assembly mounting holes (15) on the base (2). The axial direction of the two sets of holes is R = 120°, and they are also evenly distributed at 120° with the tool (7), forming an equilateral triangle position.

[0045] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 As shown, an interference fit is adopted, and threaded bushings (4) are installed in the two sets of support assembly mounting holes (15) on the base body respectively. The support assembly (1) is screwed in from the outside to the inside in the threaded hole of the threaded bushing (4).

[0046] like Figure 2 , Figure 3As shown, a slender shaft (6) is installed on the lathe facet and the tailstock. On the lathe tool post (11), the tool (7) is installed on the left side, and the seat (2) is installed on the right side through the seat mounting end (8), so that the tool (7) and the seat (2) move synchronously with the lathe tool post (11).

[0047] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the mounting base (2) is installed such that the arc profile (18) of the mounting rod at the mounting end (8) of the mounting base passes through the slender shaft (6).

[0048] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, a dial indicator mounting hole (16) and a dial indicator locking threaded hole (17) are provided at the end of the dial indicator mounting rod (14) of the base (2). The dial indicator (3) is installed in the dial indicator mounting hole (16), and the dial indicator locking handle (5) is screwed into the dial indicator locking threaded hole (17) to fix the dial indicator (3). The amount of deformation of the slender shaft during the cutting process can be read through the dial indicator (3).

[0049] like Figure 1 , Figure 5 As shown, the support assembly (1) can be adjusted by using the manual drive handle (24) to position it relative to the slender shaft (6) by reading the dial indicator (3), and then locked with the locking thin nut (21).

[0050] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the contact points of the steel balls (19) of the two sets of support assemblies with the cutting edge of the tool (7) are coplanar with respect to the slender shaft (6) and perpendicular to the slender shaft (6). During the turning process of the slender shaft (6), turning is performed in the feed direction 12. The steel balls (19) on the two sets of support assemblies move relative to the slender shaft (6), which is rolling friction, and has a slight rolling effect on the slender shaft.

[0051] The aforementioned machining apparatus and method for turning slender shafts are used for high-efficiency and high-precision turning of slender shafts on a horizontal lathe. The operating steps include:

[0052] (I) Process Preparation

[0053] S1. Install a slender shaft on a horizontal lathe, with one end mounted on the lathe's faceplate and the other end positioned using the lathe's set screw.

[0054] S2. Select the cutting tool and install it on the horizontal lathe tool post, and adjust the position of the cutting tool relative to the slender shaft.

[0055] S3. Assemble the process equipment, install a dial indicator, check the lubrication of the steel balls, add lubricating oil if necessary, and tighten with a locking nut (21) after adding oil.

[0056] S4. Install the process device on the tool post of the horizontal lathe and adjust the two sets of support assemblies (1) so that the steel ball (19) just contacts the outer surface of the circumference of the slender shaft. Adjust the dial indicator (3) and record the reading at the "0" position.

[0057] (II) Turning

[0058] S5. Start the lathe, move the tool post, observe the reading of the dial indicator (3), adjust the support assembly (1), and adjust the reading of the dial indicator (3).

[0059] S6. Lathe reset, rough machining of slender shaft. During machining, according to the reading of dial indicator (3), manually drive handle (24) to adjust the two sets of support assemblies (1), and finally manually tighten nut (23) for positioning.

[0060] S7. During the turning process, use a magnifying glass or other equipment to observe the degree of rolling on the slender shaft surface, and make minor adjustments to the support assembly if necessary.

[0061] S8, same as S6 and S7 operation method, semi-finished and finished slender shafts.

[0062] S9. Inspect the machining quality of the slender shaft. That is, loosen the support assembly (1) (with the frame and dial indicator still) and the cutting tool (7), and use the dial indicator (3) on the process device, as well as measuring tools such as the outside micrometer and roughness measuring block to check the straightness, shaft diameter and surface quality of the slender shaft.

[0063] (III) Disassembly of workpieces and process equipment

[0064] S10. Disassemble the process equipment and remove the dial indicator from the process equipment for safekeeping.

[0065] S11. Disassemble and assemble the slender shaft, and put it into storage.

[0066] The process method of the present invention includes: utilizing the machining principle of a horizontal lathe, designing a process device and machining method for turning slender shafts, thereby achieving a process scheme for turning slender shafts with high efficiency and high precision.

[0067] The aforementioned process apparatus for turning slender shafts has two sets of support assemblies with steel balls that are coplanar with the cutting edge of the tool and are evenly distributed at 120°, thereby supporting the slender shaft against the cutting resistance of the tool.

[0068] The aforementioned process apparatus and method for turning slender shafts achieves rolling motion of the steel balls of the apparatus relative to the slender shaft during the cutting motion, which not only supports the slender shaft but also exerts a slight rolling effect on the surface of the slender shaft.

[0069] The aforementioned process device and method for turning slender shafts are equipped with a dial indicator, which can read the deformation of the slender shaft during the cutting process and adjust the two sets of support assemblies for compensation, so as to achieve the balance of the two sets of supports and the cutting tool at "three points" and control the deformation of the slender shaft during turning.

[0070] The aforementioned process device for turning slender shafts is mounted on the lathe tool post, symmetrical to the tool, so that the device and the tool move synchronously with the tool post.

[0071] This invention changes the traditional machining method, which uses a "three-point" support system (tool rest, center rest, etc.) that generates sliding friction between the support and the shaft. Utilizing the machining principle of a horizontal lathe, a process device and method for turning slender shafts are designed, transforming sliding friction into rolling friction. The process device simultaneously provides support and rolling action on the slender shaft, achieving efficient and high-precision turning of slender shafts.

[0072] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A process apparatus for turning slender shafts, characterized in that, The process device includes: a support assembly (1), a base (2), a dial indicator (3), a threaded bushing (4), and a dial indicator locking handle (5). The base (2) is welded together from the base body, the base mounting rod (13), and the dial indicator mounting rod (14); the base mounting rod (13) is installed at the center of the bottom of the base body, the middle of the base mounting rod (13) is provided with the arc profile (18) of the mounting rod, and the bottom is provided with the base mounting end (8); the dial indicator mounting rod (14) is an L-shaped rod, installed below the base body, and is used to install the dial indicator (3); two support assembly mounting holes (15) are provided on both sides of the base body for installing threaded bushings (4), and the threaded bushings (4) are provided with internal threads for installing the support assembly (1); The support assembly (1) includes: a steel ball (19), a steel ball sleeve (20), a locking nut (21), a support shaft (22), a manual locking nut (23), and a manual drive handle (24); the steel ball sleeve (20) is used to install the steel ball (19), and a locking nut (21) is provided at the right end of the steel ball sleeve (20) to fix the steel ball sleeve (20) to the support shaft (22); the support shaft (22) is connected to the right end of the locking nut (21), the support shaft (22) is provided with external threads, and a manual locking nut (23) is provided on the support shaft (22) to fix the axial position of the support assembly (1) in the threaded bushing (4); a manual drive handle (24) is installed at the right end of the support shaft (22). A dial indicator mounting hole (16) and a dial indicator locking thread hole (17) are provided at the end of the dial indicator mounting rod (14) of the base (2). The dial indicator (3) is installed in the dial indicator mounting hole (16), and the dial indicator locking handle (5) is screwed into the dial indicator locking thread hole (17) to fix the dial indicator (3). The amount of deformation of the slender shaft during the cutting process is read through the dial indicator (3). The steel balls (19) of the two sets of support assemblies are coplanar with the cutting edge of the tool (7) relative to the slender shaft (6) and perpendicular to the slender shaft (6).

2. The apparatus for turning slender shafts as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Install the support assembly (1), install the steel ball (19) inside the steel ball sleeve (20), add lubricating oil, and install the locking thin nut (21), support shaft (22), manual locking nut (23), and manual drive handle (24) in sequence.

3. The apparatus for turning slender shafts as described in claim 1, characterized in that, On the base (2), there are two support assembly mounting holes (15). The axial direction of the two holes is R=120º, and they are evenly distributed with the tool (7) at 120º, forming an equilateral triangle position.

4. The apparatus for turning slender shafts as described in claim 1, characterized in that, An interference fit is adopted, and threaded bushings (4) are installed in the two support assembly mounting holes (15) on the base body respectively. The support assembly (1) is screwed in from the outside to the inside in the threaded hole of the threaded bushing (4).

5. The apparatus for turning slender shafts as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A slender shaft (6) is installed on the lathe facet and the tailstock. A cutting tool (7) is installed on the left side of the lathe tool post (11), and a seat (2) is installed on the right side through the seat mounting end (8), so that the cutting tool (7) and the seat (2) move synchronously with the lathe tool post (11).

6. The apparatus for turning slender shafts as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Mount the base (2) so that the arc profile (18) of the mounting rod of the mounting end (8) passes through the slender shaft (6).

7. The apparatus for turning slender shafts as described in claim 1, characterized in that, By taking a reading from a dial indicator (3), the support assembly (1) can be adjusted using a manual drive handle (24) to position it relative to the slender shaft (6), and then locked with a locking nut (21).

8. The apparatus for turning slender shafts as described in claim 1, characterized in that, During the turning process of the slender shaft (6), the steel balls (19) on the two sets of support assemblies move relative to the slender shaft (6) in the direction of feed, which is rolling friction and has a slight rolling effect on the slender shaft.

9. A method for machining a slender shaft using the apparatus according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1. Install a slender shaft on a horizontal lathe, with one end mounted on the lathe's faceplate and the other end positioned using the lathe's set screw. S2. Select the cutting tool and install it on the tool post of the horizontal lathe, and adjust the position of the cutting tool relative to the slender shaft; S3. Assemble the process equipment, install the dial indicator, check the lubrication of the steel balls, add lubricating oil if necessary, and lock it with a thin nut (21) after adding oil. S4. Install the process device on the tool post of the horizontal lathe and adjust the two sets of support assemblies (1) so that the steel ball (19) just contacts the outer surface of the circumference of the slender shaft; adjust the dial indicator (3) and record the reading at the "0" position; S5. Start the lathe, move the tool post, observe the reading of the dial indicator (3), adjust the support assembly (1), and adjust the reading of the dial indicator (3); S6. Lathe reset, rough machining of slender shaft; during machining, according to the reading of dial indicator (3), manually drive handle (24) to adjust the two sets of support assemblies (1), and finally manually lock nut (23) for positioning; S7. During the turning process, use a magnifying glass to observe the degree of rolling on the slender shaft surface, and make minor adjustments to the support assembly if necessary. S8, same as S6 and S7 operation methods, semi-finished and finished slender shafts; S9. Inspect the machining quality of the slender shaft; that is, loosen the support assembly (1) and the cutting tool (7), and use the dial indicator (3) on the process device, as well as the outside micrometer and roughness measuring block to check the straightness, shaft diameter and surface quality of the slender shaft. S10. Disassemble the process equipment and remove the dial indicator from the process equipment for safekeeping. S11. Disassemble and assemble the slender shaft, and put it into storage.

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