A smooth blasting optimization hole arrangement method and blasting structure

Abstract

This invention provides an optimized hole placement method and blasting structure for smooth blasting, belonging to the field of smooth blasting technology. The optimized hole placement method includes: sequentially arranging cut holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes from the center of the section to be blasted towards the outline according to a preset rule; the spacing of the peripheral holes is set to an initial value; the peripheral holes are uncoupled charges, while the cut holes and auxiliary holes are coupled charges; determining the hole placement range based on the peripheral holes and the nearest auxiliary hole; setting empty holes without charges within the hole placement range; simulating the blasting effect under the current hole placement and obtaining the over- or under-cutting amount; adjusting the position of the empty holes and the spacing of adjacent peripheral holes until the over- or under-cutting amount meets the preset requirements. This optimized hole placement method for smooth blasting makes the arrangement of empty holes more reasonable, thereby determining the hole placement that meets the over- or under-cutting amount requirements more quickly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of smooth blasting technology, and in particular to an optimized hole placement method and blasting structure for smooth blasting. Background Technology

[0002] Smooth blasting is a common rock blasting technique primarily used in mining, tunnel construction, road construction, and urban development. It is a blasting method for hard, solid rock, effectively breaking it and achieving the desired blasting effect. Before conducting smooth blasting, a detailed blasting design is required. This includes determining the location, depth, and arrangement of blast holes, as well as the explosives used, detonator settings, and blasting parameters.

[0003] Existing smooth blasting hole layouts generally follow the "Safety Regulations in Blasting Manual" to determine parameters such as the number, diameter, and spacing of blast holes. To better guide the crack direction during blasting, existing technologies often include empty holes (without explosives) evenly distributed near the blast holes where cracks need to be guided. However, this even distribution method often fails to guarantee that the over- and under-excavation amounts meet requirements in practice. Therefore, how to rationally arrange the empty holes to ensure that the over- and under-excavation amounts meet requirements is a problem urgently needing to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One objective of this invention is to make the arrangement of the holes more reasonable, thereby determining the hole layout that meets the requirements for over- and under-drilling amounts more quickly.

[0005] Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for optimizing the placement of holes in a smooth blasting pattern, comprising:

[0006] From the center of the section to be blasted outwards along the outline, cut holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes are arranged sequentially according to a preset rule. The spacing of the peripheral holes is set to an initial value. The peripheral holes are uncoupled charges, while the cut holes and auxiliary holes are coupled charges.

[0007] The range of the hole positions is determined based on the peripheral eye and the nearest auxiliary eye.

[0008] Empty holes without explosive charges are set within the range of the stated hole positions;

[0009] Simulate the blasting effect under the current hole layout and obtain the over- and under-excavation amounts;

[0010] Adjust the position of the empty hole and the spacing between the adjacent peripheral holes until the over- or under-dig amount meets the preset requirements.

[0011] Optionally, the step of determining the range of the hole position based on the peripheral eye and the nearest auxiliary eye includes:

[0012] Determine the target auxiliary eye for each peripheral eye, wherein the target auxiliary eye is the auxiliary eye closest to the peripheral eye;

[0013] Determine whether the target auxiliary eye of two adjacent peripheral eyes is the same;

[0014] If not, the straight line formed by the first target point and the second target point shall be taken as the range of the hole positions. The first target point is the point at which the first peripheral eye, the second peripheral eye and the first target auxiliary eye are equidistant. The second target point is the point at which the first peripheral eye, the second peripheral eye and the second target auxiliary eye are equidistant. The first peripheral eye and the second peripheral eye are adjacent peripheral eyes. The first target auxiliary eye is the auxiliary eye closest to the first peripheral eye. The second target auxiliary eye is the auxiliary eye closest to the second peripheral eye.

[0015] Optionally, after determining whether the target auxiliary eye of two adjacent peripheral eyes is the same, the method further includes:

[0016] If so, the position where the empty eye is equidistant from the two adjacent peripheral eyes and the corresponding target auxiliary eye is taken as the arrangement position of the empty eye.

[0017] Optionally, the step of setting unfilled holes within the range of the hole locations includes:

[0018] The hole is set at the midpoint of the range of the holes.

[0019] Optionally, the step of adjusting the position of the hollow hole and the spacing between adjacent peripheral holes until the over- or under-drilling amount meets the preset requirements includes:

[0020] Move all the holes in the first direction within the range of the hole positions by a first preset distance;

[0021] If the over- or under-digging amount does not meet the preset requirements, the hole will be moved in a second direction within the hole location range by a second preset distance, the second direction being opposite to the first direction.

[0022] Optionally, the initial value is the maximum value among a plurality of spacings determined based on the material of the target to be blasted.

[0023] Optionally, after the step of moving the hole in the second direction by a second preset distance within the hole location range if the over- or under-drilling amount does not meet the preset requirement, the method further includes:

[0024] If the over- or under-excavation amount still does not meet the preset requirement, then the spacing of the peripheral holes is reduced, and the position of the empty holes is readjusted until the over- or under-excavation amount meets the preset requirement.

[0025] Optionally, the steps of sequentially arranging cut holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes from the center of the section to be blasted toward the outline according to a preset rule include:

[0026] The angle between the cut hole and the working surface, and the angle between the auxiliary eye and the working surface, gradually increase from the center of the section to be blasted towards the outline, until the auxiliary eye is perpendicular to the working surface.

[0027] In particular, this application also provides a blasting structure for determining the location of blast holes using the smooth blasting optimization blasting method described in any of the above claims.

[0028] Optionally, the blast holes filled with explosives are all equipped with electronic detonators.

[0029] According to a first aspect of the invention, the range of hole placement positions for empty holes is determined by the positions of peripheral holes and their nearest auxiliary holes. Then, the over- or under-excavation amount is determined by simulation. The specific arrangement positions of the empty holes and the spacing of the peripheral holes are adjusted until the simulated over- or under-excavation amount meets the preset requirements. In this process, the determination of the hole placement range takes into account the positions of peripheral holes and their nearest auxiliary holes, making the arrangement of empty holes more reasonable, thereby obtaining suitable empty space positions and thus determining the hole placement that meets the over- or under-excavation requirements more quickly.

[0030] According to a second aspect of the present invention, this application clarifies the method for determining the range of hole locations for hollow holes, which can ensure that the location of the hollow hole can take into account the distance to the nearest few blast holes, so that the hollow hole can effectively guide the crack direction of the surrounding blast holes and play a role in controlling the over-excavation amount.

[0031] Furthermore, when optimizing the hole layout, the over-excavation amount is first ensured by adjusting the position of the empty holes. If adjusting the position of the empty holes still cannot meet the over-excavation requirement, the spacing of the surrounding holes is gradually reduced. Therefore, the optimization method can actually ensure that the spacing of the surrounding holes is as large as possible. Combined with the aforementioned use of decoupled charging for the surrounding holes, this hole layout method minimizes the amount of explosives used in the surrounding holes while meeting the over-excavation requirement.

[0032] Furthermore, this application uses the midpoint of the hole location range as the initial optimized position of the blast hole. Theoretically, this position can better take into account the influence of the surrounding blast holes, and starting the blasting simulation from this position can serve as a good reference. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for optimizing the placement of holes in a smooth blasting process according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 A flowchart of a smooth blasting optimized eyelet method according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the arrangement position of the hollow holes in the embodiment;

[0036] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the perforation location range in an embodiment;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a front view of a blasting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the angular arrangement of a blasting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to this application are shown in the accompanying drawings, not the entire structure. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0040] The terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, used in this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the steps or units listed, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to such process, method, product, or apparatus.

[0041] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for optimizing the placement of holes in a smooth blasting process according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, the smooth blasting optimized eyelet placement method includes:

[0043] Step S100: From the center of the section to be blasted toward the outline, cut holes, auxiliary holes and peripheral holes are arranged in sequence according to preset rules. The spacing of the peripheral holes is set to the initial value. The peripheral holes are uncoupled charges, while the cut holes and auxiliary holes are coupled charges.

[0044] Step S200: Determine the range of the hole position based on the surrounding eyes and the nearest auxiliary eye;

[0045] Step S300: Set up empty holes without explosives within the range of the hole positions;

[0046] Step S400: Simulate the blasting effect under the current hole layout and obtain the over- and under-excavation amounts;

[0047] Step S500: Adjust the position of the empty hole and the spacing between adjacent peripheral holes until the over- or under-excavation amount meets the preset requirements.

[0048] In step S100, the initial value can be set according to multiple spacings determined by the material of the target to be blasted. Since the rock to be blasted has different characteristics at different locations, such as differences in rock strength, crack distribution, and orientation, generally, if the rock is relatively fragile or has obvious cracks, the spacing of the peripheral holes needs to be set relatively densely to ensure the blasting effect. By understanding the material characteristics at various locations on the end face to be blasted, different peripheral hole spacings can be obtained. A moderate spacing can be selected as the initial value, or a larger spacing can be selected as the initial value. To prevent the peripheral hole blasting from affecting the surrounding environment, the peripheral holes in this embodiment use decoupled charges. A reasonable decoupling coefficient should ensure that the borehole pressure is lower than the dynamic compressive strength of the rock wall but higher than the dynamic tensile strength.

[0049] The range of hole positions in step S200 refers to the range of positions of the empty eye set between the peripheral eye and the nearest auxiliary eye.

[0050] In step S400, existing simulation software, such as ANSYS / LS-DYNA numerical simulation software, can be used to simulate the damage. The specific damage conditions can be obtained by performing point cloud processing on the damage data to obtain the corresponding over-excavation and under-excavation amounts. In the specific evaluation process, the over-excavation and under-excavation amounts at the contours of several typical cross-sections formed after the target to be blasted can be collected and processed to obtain evaluation values. These evaluation values ​​are then compared with set thresholds to determine whether the preset requirements are met. For example, the evaluation values ​​can be one or more of the following: maximum over-excavation amount, maximum under-excavation amount, average over-excavation amount, and average under-excavation amount.

[0051] The hole placement method in this embodiment determines the range of hole placement locations by identifying the positions of peripheral holes and the nearest auxiliary holes. Then, it uses simulation to determine the over- or under-excavation amounts, adjusting the specific placement of the empty holes and the spacing of the peripheral holes until the simulated over- or under-excavation amounts meet the preset requirements. In this process, the determination of the hole placement range takes into account the positions of peripheral holes and the nearest auxiliary holes, making the placement of empty holes more reasonable and thus yielding suitable empty space positions. This allows for faster determination of hole placement that meets the over- or under-excavation requirements.

[0052] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a smooth blasting optimization eyelet method according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the arrangement position of the hollow holes in the embodiment. Figure 4 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the perforation location range in an embodiment. (See attached diagram.) Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment, the angle between the slotted eye and the working surface and the angle between the auxiliary eye and the working surface in step S100 gradually increase along the center of the section to be blasted towards the outline direction until the auxiliary eye is perpendicular to the working surface. The initial value is the maximum value among multiple spacings determined according to the material of the target to be blasted.

[0053] Step S200 includes:

[0054] Step S210: Determine the target auxiliary eye for each peripheral eye. The target auxiliary eye is the auxiliary eye closest to the peripheral eye.

[0055] Step S220: Determine whether the target auxiliary eyes of two adjacent peripheral eyes are the same; if yes, proceed to step S230; otherwise, proceed to step S240.

[0056] Step S230, connect with the two adjacent peripheral eyes (see Figure 3 10) and the corresponding target auxiliary eye (see Figure 3 The positions equidistant from 20) are designated as the placement positions L of the openwork (see [reference]). Figure 3 );

[0057] Step S240, set the first target point (see Figure 4 (M) and the second target point (see Figure 4 The straight line formed by N in the diagram represents the range of hole positions, and the first target point is the first peripheral eye (see [reference]). Figure 4 11) Second peripheral eye (see 11) Figure 4 12) and the first target auxiliary eye (see 12) Figure 4 Points equidistant from 21) in the middle, the second target point is the point that is equidistant from the first peripheral eye, the second peripheral eye, and the second target auxiliary eye (see 21) Figure 4In point 22), points that are equidistant are the first peripheral eye and the second peripheral eye, which are adjacent peripheral eyes. The first target auxiliary eye is the auxiliary eye closest to the first peripheral eye, and the second target auxiliary eye is the auxiliary eye closest to the second peripheral eye.

[0058] Step S300 includes:

[0059] Step S310: Set a hole at the midpoint of the hole location range;

[0060] Step S400 includes:

[0061] Step S410: Simulate the blasting effect under the current hole layout and obtain the maximum linear over-excavation amount and the average linear over-excavation amount;

[0062] Step S500 includes:

[0063] Step S510: Move all the holes in the first direction within the range of the hole positions by a first preset distance;

[0064] Step S520: Determine whether the maximum linear over-excavation amount K is less than the first evaluation threshold K0 and whether the average linear over-excavation amount Q is less than the second evaluation threshold Q1. If yes, end the process; otherwise, proceed to step S530.

[0065] Step S530: Move the hole in a second direction within the range of the hole position by a second preset distance, the second direction being opposite to the first direction;

[0066] Step S540: Determine whether the maximum linear over-excavation amount K is less than the first evaluation threshold K0 and whether the average linear over-excavation amount Q is less than the second evaluation threshold Q1. If so, end the process; otherwise, proceed to step S550.

[0067] Step S550: Reduce the spacing of the surrounding holes and readjust the position of the empty holes until the over- or under-excavation amount meets the preset requirements.

[0068] Assuming the first direction is the direction from the midpoint of the hole location range to the first target point, step S520 in this embodiment means that if the preset requirements are not met during the process of moving to the first target point at the first preset distance, then proceed to step S530. Step S540 is in the same way.

[0069] This embodiment clarifies the method for determining the location range of the hollow holes. That is, the straight line formed by the first target point and the second target point can ensure that the location of the hollow hole can take into account the distance to the nearest few blast holes, so that the hollow hole can effectively guide the crack direction of the surrounding blast holes and play a role in controlling the over-excavation amount.

[0070] Furthermore, when optimizing the hole layout, the over-excavation amount is first ensured by adjusting the position of the empty holes. If adjusting the position of the empty holes still cannot meet the over-excavation requirement, the spacing of the surrounding holes is gradually reduced. Therefore, the optimization method can actually ensure that the spacing of the surrounding holes is as large as possible. Combined with the aforementioned use of decoupled charging for the surrounding holes, this hole layout method minimizes the amount of explosives used in the surrounding holes while meeting the over-excavation requirement.

[0071] Furthermore, this application uses the midpoint of the hole location range as the initial optimized position of the blast hole. Theoretically, this position can better take into account the influence of the surrounding blast holes, and starting the blasting simulation from this position can serve as a good reference.

[0072] In other embodiments, the difference from the above embodiments is that step S310 can select a first target point or a second target point as the initial optimization position to set up the empty eye, and then only the arrangement position of the empty eye needs to be moved along one direction for optimization.

[0073] One embodiment also provides a blasting structure that determines the borehole locations using the smooth blasting optimization method of any of the above embodiments. All boreholes containing explosives utilize electronic detonators.

[0074] Figure 5 This is a front view of a blasting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the angular arrangement of a blasting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that... Figure 5 It is mainly used to show the layout of the blast holes, and does not reflect the actual number of blast holes. Figure 5 The black dots in the diagram represent slotting holes. The bottom row of blast holes are the base holes, the blast holes distributed along the arched outline are the peripheral holes, and the other blast holes are auxiliary holes. Figure 5 Empty eyes are not shown in the image. For example... Figure 5 As shown, in one embodiment targeting the Shixi Tunnel, which is a Class III hard rock formation awaiting blasting, the excavation cross-section is 84.62m. 2 adopted Figure 5 In the hole layout, all boreholes are set to a diameter of 40mm. For example... Figure 6As shown, the cut-out 30 comprises two layers, both wedge-shaped. The first layer of cut-outs forms an angle of 45° with the working face, and the second layer forms an angle of 56° with the working face. The first layer of cut-outs is located near the center of the section to be blasted. The auxiliary cut-outs 20 comprise four layers. Along the direction away from the center of the section to be blasted, the angles between each layer of auxiliary cut-outs 20 and the working face OO' are successively set to 66°, 75°, 80°, and 90°, with the number of auxiliary cut-outs 20 gradually increasing. The interpolation of the peripheral cut-outs 10 is set to 15cm, the initial value of the peripheral cut-out spacing is set to 90cm, and the decoupling coefficient of the charge is taken as 1.25. Other parameters can be found in Table 1 below.

[0075] Table 1

[0076]

[0077] Blasting experiments were conducted on the blasting structure determined by the above parameters. Several typical cross-sections were selected at the construction site, and the surveyors used a three-dimensional laser scanner to scan the excavation profile. The over-excavation data in Table 2 below were obtained, all of which met the tunnel smooth blasting quality evaluation standards.

[0078] Table 2

[0079]

[0080] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the placement of holes in smooth blasting, characterized in that, include: From the center of the section to be blasted outwards along the outline, cut holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes are arranged sequentially according to a preset rule. The spacing of the peripheral holes is set to an initial value. The peripheral holes are uncoupled charges, while the cut holes and auxiliary holes are coupled charges. The range of the hole positions is determined based on the peripheral eye and the nearest auxiliary eye. Empty holes without explosive charges are set within the range of the stated hole positions; Simulate the current blasting effect and obtain the over- and under-excavation amounts; Adjust the position of the hollow hole and the spacing between the adjacent peripheral holes until the over- or under-dig amount meets the preset requirements; The step of determining the range of the hole location based on the peripheral eye and the nearest auxiliary eye includes: Determine the target auxiliary eye for each peripheral eye, wherein the target auxiliary eye is the auxiliary eye closest to the peripheral eye; Determine whether the target auxiliary eye of two adjacent peripheral eyes is the same; If not, the straight line formed by the first target point and the second target point shall be taken as the range of the hole positions. The first target point is the point that is equidistant from the first peripheral eye, the second peripheral eye and the first target auxiliary eye. The second target point is the point that is equidistant from the first peripheral eye, the second peripheral eye and the second target auxiliary eye. The first peripheral eye and the second peripheral eye are adjacent peripheral eyes. The first target auxiliary eye is the auxiliary eye that is closest to the first peripheral eye. The second target auxiliary eye is the auxiliary eye that is closest to the second peripheral eye. The step of setting up unfilled holes within the specified hole location range includes: The hole is set at the midpoint of the range of the holes; The steps of adjusting the position of the hollow hole and the spacing between adjacent peripheral holes until the over- or under-drilling amount meets the preset requirements include: Move all the holes in the first direction within the range of the hole positions by a first preset distance; If the over- or under-digging amount does not meet the preset requirement, the hole will be moved in a second direction within the hole location range by a second preset distance, and the second direction is opposite to the first direction. If the over- or under-excavation amount still does not meet the preset requirement, then the spacing of the peripheral holes is reduced, and the position of the empty holes is readjusted until the over- or under-excavation amount meets the preset requirement.

2. The method for optimizing the layout of holes in smooth blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining whether the target auxiliary eye of two adjacent peripheral eyes is the same further includes: If so, the position where the empty eye is equidistant from the two adjacent peripheral eyes and the corresponding target auxiliary eye is taken as the arrangement position of the empty eye.

3. The method for optimizing the hole placement in smooth blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initial value is the maximum value among a plurality of spacings determined based on the material of the target to be blasted.

4. The method for optimizing the layout of holes in smooth blasting according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The steps of arranging cut holes, auxiliary holes, and peripheral holes sequentially from the center of the section to be blasted outwards along the outline according to a preset rule include: The angle between the cut hole and the working surface, and the angle between the auxiliary eye and the working surface, gradually increase from the center of the section to be blasted towards the outline, until the auxiliary eye is perpendicular to the working surface.

5. A blasting structure, characterized in that, The location of the blasting holes in the blasting structure is determined by the optimized hole placement method for smooth blasting as described in any one of claims 1-4.

6. The explosive structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, All blast holes containing explosives are detonated using electronic detonators.

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