A planting method for rapid maturation of newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land

Abstract

This invention provides a method for rapidly maturing newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land, comprising: sequentially performing the following steps in the newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land: returning straw to the field, burying underground pipes, digging open ditches, flood irrigation to leach salt, applying base fertilizer, rotating leafy vegetables, and applying foliar fertilizer. The base fertilizer is a root-growth promoting fertilizer, and the leafy vegetables are selected from one or more of amaranth, Chinese cabbage, spinach, or bok choy. This method for rapidly maturing newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land combines leafy vegetable rotation with root-growth promoting fertilizer to achieve ecological restoration and improvement of the land, thereby achieving the goal of controlling saline-alkali soil and increasing the output benefits of saline-alkali agriculture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement and treatment technology, and relates to a planting method for rapidly maturing newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land. Specifically, it relates to a planting method that uses leafy vegetable rotation combined with special rhizosphere growth-promoting fertilizer to improve newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land so as to rapidly mature it. Background Technology

[0002] my country faces a prominent land resource problem. Data from the Third National Land Survey shows that arable land has decreased by 113 million mu (approximately 75 million hectares) nationwide in the past decade. While the principle of balancing land occupation with compensation has been strictly implemented for non-agricultural construction, the main reasons for this reduction are agricultural restructuring and land greening efforts. With continuous population growth and rapid industrialization and urbanization, there is a need to continuously develop new land resources to ensure arable land security, food security, and ecological security.

[0003] Saline-alkali land is an important reserve of arable land and a significant obstacle soil resource that can be improved. my country has nearly 1.5 billion mu (approximately 100 million hectares) of saline-alkali land, of which nearly 200 million mu (approximately 133 million hectares) have near-term agricultural potential. Fragile ecological environments and adverse natural conditions such as climate, geology, landforms, and hydrology are the main characteristics of saline-alkali areas.

[0004] The improvement and utilization of saline-alkali land generally adopts an engineering-based approach combined with comprehensive management principles. Currently, large-scale development and utilization have been achieved for moderately to slightly saline-alkali soils. This typically involves measures such as ditching and drainage, freshwater leaching, and water-saving irrigation, combined with soil improvement, rational cultivation, increased vegetation, selection and cultivation of salt-tolerant plants, and soil fertility enhancement to achieve the transformation and utilization of moderately to slightly saline-alkali land. The improvement of severely saline-alkali tidal flats has always been a key and challenging aspect restricting the development of the soil improvement and remediation industry. For severely saline-alkali soils, ecological restoration is mainly achieved through salt-tolerant vegetation. However, existing utilization methods and technical means are extremely limited, urgently requiring a shift from the traditional "soil improvement for suitable crops" approach to further enhance technological innovation capabilities and provide stronger scientific and technological support for the comprehensive development and utilization of saline-alkali land. Currently, the main problems in technological innovation for severely saline-alkali land are that suitable crops are mostly "small crops," the related industries are small-scale, and there are few technical personnel. Furthermore, salt-tolerant varieties and supporting cultivation techniques are still relatively scarce, and the integration and application of technologies are lacking, which also greatly limits the effectiveness of improving and utilizing severely saline-alkali land. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of this invention is to provide a planting method for the rapid maturation of newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land. By using salt-tolerant leafy vegetables in rotation and combining them with salt-tolerant special rhizosphere growth-promoting fertilizer, the ecological restoration and improvement of newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land can be achieved, fundamentally solving the problems of slow maturation process and poor soil tillage of newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land.

[0006] To achieve the above and other related objectives, the first aspect of the present invention provides a planting method for rapidly maturing newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land, comprising: sequentially performing the following steps in the newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land: returning straw to the field, burying underground pipes, digging open ditches, flood irrigation to wash away salt, applying base fertilizer, rotating leafy vegetables, and applying foliar fertilizer. The base fertilizer is a root growth promoting fertilizer, and the leafy vegetables are selected from one or more of amaranth, Chinese cabbage, spinach, or bok choy.

[0007] The second aspect of this invention provides a planting method for rapidly maturing newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land, and its application in planting on newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land.

[0008] As described above, the present invention provides a planting method for rapidly maturing newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land, which includes rotating salt-tolerant leafy vegetables on newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land and combining the application of a special salt-tolerant growth-promoting fertilizer for the rhizosphere to improve the soil of severely saline-alkali land. This method can fundamentally solve the problems of slow maturation process and poor soil tillage of newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land.

[0009] This invention provides a planting method for the rapid maturation of newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land. Combined with necessary engineering measures, water and fertilizer regulation, and field management, it can significantly improve the survival rate of transplanted leafy vegetables in severely saline-alkali land. By constructing a crop rotation system for leafy vegetables in severely saline-alkali land, and utilizing the dominant rhizosphere microbial communities of different salt-tolerant leafy vegetable varieties, it enriches the diversity of rhizosphere microbial communities in saline-alkali land, increases the abundance of salt-tolerant beneficial bacterial communities, and increases the number of beneficial bacteria and microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil of severely saline-alkali land, thus successfully achieving ecological restoration and improvement of newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land.

[0010] This invention provides a planting method for the rapid maturation of newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land. It utilizes a green, environmentally friendly, and highly efficient rhizosphere-specific salt-tolerant growth-promoting fertilizer, developing a specialized rhizosphere growth-promoting fertilizer suitable for high-value leafy vegetables. This is a feasible solution to enhance crop tolerance to salt stress, increase crop yields in saline-alkali land, and improve the development effectiveness of severely saline-alkali land. This planting method uses rhizosphere growth-promoting fertilizer to improve the structure of saline-alkali soil, increase fertilizer utilization, improve the quality of salt-tolerant crops, accelerate the absorption and translocation of soil salt ions, rapidly enrich the soil, increase soil organic matter content, regulate soil pH, and comprehensively improve soil tilth. This overcomes the difficulties of poor soil tilth, nutrient deficiency, monotonous microbial flora, and low crop survival rates in newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land, improving crop survival rates and increasing the output benefits of saline-alkali agriculture.

[0011] This invention provides a planting method for the rapid maturation of newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land. By constructing a beneficial ecological feedback system involving leafy vegetables, soil, and rhizosphere salt-tolerant microorganisms, it gradually reduces the harmful effects of severe salinity on soil structure and crop growth, allowing the physicochemical properties of the saline-alkali soil to continuously develop in a virtuous cycle. This achieves the rapid transformation of newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali soil into mature soil, increasing its productivity. It achieves the goal of saline-alkali soil management while also harvesting high-quality leafy vegetables rich in inorganic salts such as potassium, sodium, and calcium, increasing the economic output of saline-alkali agriculture. It achieves a high degree of unity among economic, ecological, and social benefits, which is conducive to the sustainable development of urban ecological green agriculture. This planting method has low ecological restoration costs, rapid results, and strong operability, showing excellent application prospects and significant importance for the in-depth development of newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali tidal flats. Detailed Implementation

[0012] The first aspect of the present invention provides a planting method for rapidly maturing newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land, comprising: sequentially performing the following steps in the newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land: returning straw to the field, burying underground pipes, digging open ditches, flood irrigation to wash away salt, applying base fertilizer, rotating leafy vegetables, and applying foliar fertilizer. The base fertilizer is a root growth promoting fertilizer, and the leafy vegetables are selected from one or more of amaranth, Chinese cabbage, spinach, or bok choy.

[0013] In the planting method provided by this invention, the newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land refers to land reclamation time not exceeding 10 years.

[0014] In the planting method provided by the present invention, the severely saline-alkali land in the newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land refers to saline-alkali land that meets either the salt content ≥4g / kg or the pH ≥7.5.

[0015] In the planting method provided by the present invention, the straw return to the field is to crush the straw and spread it evenly on the ground, and then plow and level it.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the straw is coarse grain straw. The straw is used to return to the field before sowing leafy vegetable seeds to reduce water evaporation, improve soil physical structure, and increase soil fertility.

[0017] In a further preferred embodiment, the coarse grain straw is selected from one or more of the straws of wheat, rice, corn, potatoes, rapeseed, cotton or sugarcane, preferably wheat and / or rice straw.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the amount of straw used is 500-2000 kg / mu, preferably 1000-1500 kg / mu.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the straw is pulverized to 5-15 cm, preferably 8-10 cm.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the tilling is performed using a micro-tiller. The micro-tiller is a conventionally used self-propelled micro-tiller.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the tillage depth is 15-25cm, preferably 18-20cm.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the tillage burial rate is ≥95%, preferably 95%.

[0023] In the planting method provided by the present invention, the buried pipes are buried at equal intervals in newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land.

[0024] The buried pipes are used to lower the groundwater level and ensure smooth drainage and salt removal.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, the spacing between the buried pipes is 5 to 10 meters, preferably 5 to 8 meters.

[0026] In the planting method provided by the present invention, the inner diameter of the dark tube is 6-12 cm, preferably 8-12 cm.

[0027] In the planting method provided by this invention, the trenching is carried out using a mulching machine. The mulching machine is a conventionally used mulching machine.

[0028] The excavated open ditch is used to lower the groundwater level and ensure smooth drainage and salt removal.

[0029] In the planting method provided by the present invention, the depth of the open ditch is 15-35cm, preferably 20-30cm.

[0030] In the planting method provided by the present invention, the width of the open ditch is 20-60cm, preferably 30-50cm.

[0031] In the planting method provided by the present invention, the flood irrigation salt washing involves flooding newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land with water until water accumulates on the soil surface, and then allowing it to stand after irrigation is stopped.

[0032] The above-mentioned flood irrigation salt leaching method involves flooding newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land with water. The flooded water removes some of the soluble salts from the surface soil through the installed underground pipes and open ditches, while the rest is carried into the deeper soil layers, ensuring that the deep soil layers of the newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land are thoroughly wetted.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the water depth is 2-6 cm, preferably 3-5 cm.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the settling time is 46-50 hours, preferably 48 hours.

[0035] In the planting method provided by this invention, the amount of base fertilizer applied is 1000-2000 kg / mu, preferably 1200-1500 kg / mu. When applying the base fertilizer, it should be evenly spread on the soil surface.

[0036] In the planting method provided by the present invention, after applying the base fertilizer, the soil should be covered back and the land leveled.

[0037] In the planting method provided by this invention, the rhizosphere growth-promoting fertilizer comprises the following components by weight:

[0038] 30-70 parts of a mixed fermented product of cow dung and straw;

[0039] 5-30 parts of acid modifier;

[0040] 5-25 parts of microbial inoculant;

[0041] 10-40 parts of 20-20-20 macro-element compound water-soluble fertilizer.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the rhizosphere growth-promoting fertilizer comprises the following components by weight:

[0043] 40-60 parts of a mixed fermented product of cow dung and straw;

[0044] 10-20 parts of acid modifier;

[0045] 10-20 parts of microbial inoculant;

[0046] 20-20-20 Macro-element Compound Water-soluble Fertilizer, 20-30 parts.

[0047] The rhizosphere growth-promoting fertilizer mentioned is a rhizosphere growth-promoting fertilizer specifically for salt-tolerant leafy vegetables.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the cow dung-straw mixed fermentation product is the product of composting, processing into biogas residue, drying, and crushing cow dung and straw. The composting, biogas residue processing, and drying are all conventional agricultural methods.

[0049] The fermented mixture of cow dung and straw is used as organic fertilizer to improve soil physical structure and supplement nutrients.

[0050] In a further preferred embodiment, the mixing ratio of cow dung to straw in the cow dung-straw mixed fermentation product is 1:1 to 1:3, preferably 1:2.

[0051] In a further preferred embodiment, the material is pulverized to 1-5 cm, preferably 2-5 cm.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the acid modifier comprises ammonium sulfate, ferric phosphate, and humic acid, wherein the mass ratio of ammonium sulfate, ferric phosphate, and humic acid is 1–3:0.5–2:4–6, preferably 2:1:5.

[0053] The acidic amendment is a physiologically acidic fertilizer used to adjust soil pH.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, the microbial agent is selected from at least one of Bacillus mucilaginosus Krassilnikov or Bacillus firmus. The microbial agent is used to regulate the rhizosphere microbial community.

[0055] In a further preferred embodiment, the strain number of the Bacillus mucilaginosus is BK-1, and the accession number is CGMCCNO.18407.

[0056] In a further preferred embodiment, the Bacillus subtilis strain number is BF-3 and the accession number is CGMCCNO.18408.

[0057] In a further preferred embodiment, the microbial agent is Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus subtilis.

[0058] In a further preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of Bacillus mucilaginosus to Bacillus subtilis in the microbial agent is 0.5 to 2:1, preferably 2:1.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment, the 20-20-20 macro-element compound water-soluble fertilizer is a water-soluble fertilizer with a N:P2O5:K2O mass ratio of 1:1:1 and a total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (N, P, K) nutrient content accounting for ≥60% of the fertilizer's mass. The 20-20-20 macro-element compound water-soluble fertilizer is in powder form.

[0060] In the planting method provided by the present invention, the leafy vegetable rotation involves sowing different types of leafy vegetables in rotation.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment, the sowing method is broadcasting, the sowing amount is 150-300g / mu, preferably 200-250g / mu, and the sowing depth is 1-3cm, preferably 1.5-2.5cm.

[0062] In the planting method provided by this invention, when the total soluble salt content (salt content, SA) in newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land is ≥6g / kg or pH ≥8, the leafy vegetable rotation is selected as amaranth-Chinese cabbage-spinach rotation.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment, during the amaranth-Chinese cabbage-spinach rotation, the amaranth is sown in autumn, the Chinese cabbage is sown in winter, and the spinach is sown in spring.

[0064] In the planting method provided by this invention, when the total soluble salt content (salt content, SA) in the newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land is 4g / kg < SA < 6g / kg or 7.5 < pH < 8, the leafy vegetable rotation is selected as amaranth-Chinese cabbage-spinach-Chinese bok choy rotation.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment, during the amaranth-Chinese cabbage-spinach-bok choy rotation, the amaranth is sown in autumn, the Chinese cabbage in winter, the spinach in spring, and the bok choy in summer.

[0066] In a further preferred embodiment, the autumn sowing is sown in September to October each year, the winter sowing is sown in November to December each year, the spring sowing is sown in March to April each year, and the summer sowing is sown in May to June each year.

[0067] In the planting method provided by the present invention, the foliar fertilization is to spray ammonium sulfate solution and brassinolide diluted solution during the middle and late stages of leafy vegetable growth.

[0068] In a preferred embodiment, the mid-to-late growth stage of the leafy vegetables refers to 2-3 weeks before harvesting.

[0069] In a preferred embodiment, the ammonium sulfate solution is an aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate. In a further preferred embodiment, the mass percentage concentration of ammonium sulfate in the aqueous solution is 0.4% to 0.6%, preferably 0.5%. The CAS number of the ammonium sulfate is 7783-20-2.

[0070] In a preferred embodiment, the brassinolide diluent is an aqueous solution of brassinolide.

[0071] In a further preferred embodiment, the concentration of brassinolide in the aqueous solution is 0.9–1.1 mg / L, preferably 1 mg / L. The CAS number of the brassinolide is 78821-43-9.

[0072] In a preferred embodiment, the foliar fertilizer is applied every 6 to 11 days, preferably every 7 to 10 days.

[0073] In a preferred embodiment, the foliar fertilizer is applied 2 to 4 times, preferably 2 to 3 times.

[0074] The second aspect of this invention provides a planting method for rapidly maturing newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land, and its application in planting on newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land.

[0075] In the above-mentioned uses, the planting is for the purpose of rapidly maturing newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land.

[0076] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0077] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0078] Example 1

[0079] We selected 50 mu (approximately 3.3 hectares) of land on the East Beach of Hengsha Island in Shanghai. This area is newly reclaimed coastal saline-alkali soil. The background EC value of the soil in the facility is 1.69 ms / cm, the organic matter content is 8.15 g / kg, the pH value is 8.82, and the total soluble salt content is 4.31 g / kg.

[0080] The following steps were performed in the soil of this region: straw return to the field, installation of underground pipes, digging of open ditches, flood irrigation to leach salts, application of base fertilizer, leafy vegetable rotation, and foliar fertilization. The specific steps are as follows:

[0081] (1) In the straw return to the field, the straw of wheat and / or rice is crushed to 8cm and then spread evenly on the ground at 1300kg / mu. Then, mechanical equipment is used to plow and level the land. The plowing depth is 20cm and the straw burial rate is 95%.

[0082] (2) In the installation of underground pipes, underground pipes are installed in the soil at equal intervals of 5m, and the inner diameter of the underground pipes is 10cm.

[0083] (3) When excavating open ditches, a grouting machine is used to open the ditches. The depth of the open ditches is 30cm and the width of the open ditches is 50cm.

[0084] (4) In the process of flood irrigation and salt washing, the newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land is flooded with water until the soil surface is covered with 5cm of water, so that the deep soil layers are thoroughly wetted. After stopping irrigation, the land is left to stand for 48 hours.

[0085] (5) When applying base fertilizer, apply the root zone growth promoter fertilizer specifically for salt-tolerant leafy vegetables evenly to the soil surface at a rate of 1500 kg per mu. After fertilization, cover the soil back and level the land. The root zone growth promoter fertilizer, by weight, includes the following components: 40 parts of cow manure-straw mixed fermentation material, 20 parts of acidic amendment, 20 parts of microbial inoculant, and 20 parts of 20-20-20 macro-element compound water-soluble fertilizer. The cow manure-straw mixed fermentation material is crushed to 3 cm and the mixing ratio of cow manure to straw is 1:2. The acidic amendment includes ammonium sulfate, ferric phosphate, and humic acid, with a mass ratio of ammonium sulfate, ferric phosphate, and humic acid of 2:1:5. The microbial inoculants are Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus subtilis, with a mass ratio of Bacillus mucilaginosus to Bacillus subtilis of 2:1. The 20-20-20 macro-element compound water-soluble fertilizer is a water-soluble fertilizer with a mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O of 1:1:1 and a total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrient content of ≥60% of the fertilizer's mass.

[0086] (6) In the leafy vegetable rotation, the soil pH value is 8.82, and the leafy vegetable rotation pattern is amaranth-Chinese cabbage-spinach rotation. Amaranth is sown in autumn from September to October, Chinese cabbage is sown in winter from November to December, and spinach is sown in spring from March to April.

[0087] (7) In foliar fertilization, spray 0.5% ammonium sulfate solution and 1 mg / L brassinolide diluted solution in the middle and late stages of leafy vegetable growth. The spraying cycle is once every 7 days, and spray 3 times in a row.

[0088] Implementation results:

[0089] As shown in Table 1, the planting method of leafy vegetable rotation combined with the rapid maturation of rhizosphere growth-promoting fertilizer has a good effect on the restoration of saline-alkali land. After 9 months of leafy vegetable rotation combined with the application of rhizosphere growth-promoting fertilizer, the salinity of the topsoil (0-20cm) decreased by 11.4%, and the organic matter, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the topsoil increased by 21.2%, 22.5%, 62.3%, and 41.2%, respectively. The pH value of the topsoil decreased by 0.17, and the soil EC value decreased by 9.0%.

[0090] Table 1. Effects of soil physicochemical improvement on saline-alkali land (0–20 cm)

[0091]

[0092] As shown in Table 2, the planting method of leafy vegetable rotation combined with rapid maturation of rhizosphere growth-promoting fertilizer has a significant impact on the soil microbial community of saline-alkali land. After three consecutive crops, the number of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes in the 0-20cm topsoil layer of saline-alkali land increased by 129.2%, 105.3%, and 124.6%, respectively.

[0093] Table 2. Variation of soil microbial flora in saline-alkali land (0–20 cm)

[0094]

[0095] Example 2

[0096] A 120-mu (approximately 8 hectares) saline-alkali land was selected in Cixi, Zhejiang Province. This area is newly reclaimed coastal saline-alkali soil. The background EC value of the facility soil is 1.65 mS / cm, the organic matter content is 3.95 g / kg, the pH value is 7.52, and the total soluble salt content is 4.25 g / kg.

[0097] The following steps were performed in the soil of this region: straw return to the field, installation of underground pipes, digging of open ditches, flood irrigation to leach salts, application of base fertilizer, leafy vegetable rotation, and foliar fertilization. The specific steps are as follows:

[0098] (1) In the straw return to the field, the straw of wheat and / or rice is crushed to 8 cm and then spread evenly on the ground at 1200 kg / mu. Then, mechanical equipment is used to plow and level the land. The plowing depth is 20 cm and the straw burial rate is 96%.

[0099] (2) In the installation of underground pipes, underground pipes are installed in the soil at equal intervals of 10m, and the inner diameter of the underground pipes is 8cm.

[0100] (3) When excavating open ditches, a grouting machine is used to open the ditches. The depth of the open ditches is 20cm and the width of the open ditches is 30cm.

[0101] (4) In the process of flood irrigation and salt washing, the newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land is flooded with water until the soil surface is covered with 4cm of water, so that the deep soil layers are thoroughly wetted. After stopping irrigation, the land is left to stand for 48 hours.

[0102] (5) When applying base fertilizer, apply the root zone growth promoter fertilizer specifically for salt-tolerant leafy vegetables evenly to the soil surface at a rate of 1200 kg per mu. After fertilization, cover the soil back and level the land. The root zone growth promoter fertilizer, by weight, includes the following components: 50 parts of cow manure-straw mixed fermentation product, 10 parts of acidic amendment, 10 parts of microbial inoculant, and 30 parts of 20-20-20 macro-element compound water-soluble fertilizer. The cow manure-straw mixed fermentation product is crushed to 4 cm and the mixing ratio of cow manure to straw is 1:2. The acidic amendment includes ammonium sulfate, ferric phosphate, and humic acid, with a mass ratio of ammonium sulfate, ferric phosphate, and humic acid of 2:1:5. The microbial inoculants are Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus subtilis, with a mass ratio of Bacillus mucilaginosus to Bacillus subtilis of 2:1. The 20-20-20 macro-element compound water-soluble fertilizer is a water-soluble fertilizer with a mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O of 1:1:1 and a total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrient content of ≥60% of the fertilizer's mass.

[0103] (6) In the leafy vegetable rotation, the soil pH value is 7.52. The selected leafy vegetable rotation pattern is amaranth-Chinese cabbage-spinach-Chinese bok choy rotation. Amaranth is sown in autumn from September to October, Chinese cabbage is sown in winter from November to December, spinach is sown in spring from March to April, and Chinese bok choy is sown in summer from May to June.

[0104] (7) In foliar fertilization, spray 0.5% ammonium sulfate solution and 1 mg / L brassinolide diluted solution in the middle and late stages of leafy vegetable growth. The spraying cycle is once every 7 days, and spray 3 times in a row.

[0105] Implementation results:

[0106] Table 3 shows that the planting method of leafy vegetable rotation combined with the rapid maturation of rhizosphere growth-promoting fertilizer has a good effect on the restoration of saline-alkali land. After 9 months of leafy vegetable rotation combined with the application of rhizosphere growth-promoting fertilizer, the salinity of the topsoil (0-20cm) decreased by 9.2%, and the organic matter, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the topsoil increased by 5.3%, 18.0%, 27.0%, and 34.2%, respectively. The pH value of the topsoil decreased by 0.07, and the soil EC value decreased by 8.5%.

[0107] Table 3. Effects of soil physicochemical improvement on saline-alkali land (0–20 cm)

[0108]

[0109] As shown in Table 4, the planting method of leafy vegetable rotation combined with rapid maturation of rhizosphere growth-promoting fertilizer has a significant impact on the soil microbial community of saline-alkali land. After three consecutive crops, the number of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes in the 0-20cm topsoil layer of saline-alkali land increased by 105.8%, 69.8%, and 54.5%, respectively.

[0110] Table 4. Variation of soil microbial flora in saline-alkali land (0–20 cm)

[0111]

[0112] Example 3

[0113] In Hotan, Xinjiang, 100 mu of saline-alkali land was selected for improvement. This area is newly reclaimed coastal saline-alkali soil. The background EC value of the facility soil is 1.36 ms / cm, the organic matter content is 6.22 g / kg, the pH value is 7.95, and the total soluble salt content is 4.05 g / kg.

[0114] The following steps were performed in the soil of this region: straw return to the field, installation of underground pipes, digging of open ditches, flood irrigation to leach salts, application of base fertilizer, leafy vegetable rotation, and foliar fertilization. The specific steps are as follows:

[0115] (1) In the straw return to the field, the straw of wheat and / or rice is crushed to 10 cm and then spread evenly on the ground at 1100 kg / mu. Then, mechanical equipment is used to plow and level the land. The plowing depth is 20 cm and the straw burial rate is 97%.

[0116] (2) In the installation of underground pipes, underground pipes are installed in the soil at equal intervals of 8m, and the inner diameter of the underground pipes is 8cm.

[0117] (3) When excavating open ditches, a grouting machine is used to open the ditches. The depth of the open ditches is 20cm and the width of the open ditches is 30cm.

[0118] (4) In the process of flood irrigation and salt washing, the newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land is flooded with water until the soil surface is covered with 3cm of water, so that the deep soil layers are thoroughly wetted. After stopping irrigation, the land is left to stand for 48 hours.

[0119] (5) When applying base fertilizer, apply the root zone growth promoter fertilizer specifically for salt-tolerant leafy vegetables evenly to the soil surface at a rate of 1200 kg per mu. After fertilization, cover the soil back and level the land. The root zone growth promoter fertilizer, by weight, includes the following components: 50 parts of cow manure-straw mixed fermentation product, 10 parts of acidic amendment, 10 parts of microbial inoculant, and 30 parts of 20-20-20 macro-element compound water-soluble fertilizer. The cow manure-straw mixed fermentation product is crushed to 4 cm and the mixing ratio of cow manure to straw is 1:2. The acidic amendment includes ammonium sulfate, ferric phosphate, and humic acid, with a mass ratio of ammonium sulfate, ferric phosphate, and humic acid of 2:1:5. The microbial inoculants are Bacillus mucilaginosus and Bacillus subtilis, with a mass ratio of Bacillus mucilaginosus to Bacillus subtilis of 2:1. The 20-20-20 macro-element compound water-soluble fertilizer is a water-soluble fertilizer with a mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O of 1:1:1 and a total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (N, P, K) content of ≥60% of the fertilizer's mass.

[0120] (6) In the leafy vegetable rotation, the soil SA was 4.05 g / kg. The selected leafy vegetable rotation pattern was amaranth-Chinese cabbage-spinach-Chinese bok choy rotation. Amaranth was sown in autumn from September to October, Chinese cabbage in winter from November to December, spinach in spring from March to April, and Chinese bok choy in summer from May to June.

[0121] (7) In foliar fertilization, spray 0.5% ammonium sulfate solution and 1 mg / L brassinolide diluted solution in the middle and late stages of leafy vegetable growth. The spraying cycle is once every 10 days, and spray twice in a row.

[0122] Implementation results:

[0123] Table 5 shows that the planting method of leafy vegetable rotation combined with the rapid maturation of rhizosphere growth-promoting fertilizer has a good effect on the restoration of saline-alkali land. After 9 months of leafy vegetable rotation combined with the application of rhizosphere growth-promoting fertilizer, the salinity of the topsoil (0-20cm) decreased by 10.7%, and the organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the topsoil increased by 6.4%, 25.0%, 40.6%, and 34.2%, respectively. The pH value of the topsoil decreased by 0.10, and the soil EC value decreased by 4.4%.

[0124] Table 5. Effects of soil physicochemical improvement on saline-alkali land (0–20 cm)

[0125]

[0126] As shown in Table 6, the planting method of leafy vegetable rotation combined with rapid maturation of rhizosphere growth-promoting fertilizer has a significant impact on the soil microbial community of saline-alkali land. After three consecutive crops, the number of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes in the 0-20cm topsoil layer of saline-alkali land increased by 83.1%, 105.3%, and 42.5%, respectively.

[0127] Table 6. Variation of soil microbial flora in saline-alkali land (0–20 cm)

[0128]

[0129] In summary, the planting method for rapidly maturing newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land provided by this invention combines leafy vegetable rotation with rhizosphere growth-promoting fertilizer to achieve ecological restoration and improvement of newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land, thereby achieving the goal of controlling saline-alkali soil and increasing the output benefits of saline-alkali agriculture. Therefore, this invention effectively overcomes the various shortcomings of existing technologies and has high industrial application value.

[0130] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A planting method for quick maturation of newly reclaimed severe saline-alkali land, comprising: In newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land, the following steps are carried out in sequence: straw return to the field, installation of underground pipes, digging of open ditches, flood irrigation to wash away salt, application of base fertilizer, leafy vegetable rotation, and foliar topdressing. The base fertilizer is a root-promoting fertilizer. The root zone growth-promoting fertilizer, by weight, comprises the following components: 30-70 parts of cow manure-straw mixed fermentation product; 5-30 parts of acidic conditioner; 5-25 parts of microbial inoculant; and 10-40 parts of 20-20-20 macro-element compound water-soluble fertilizer. The leafy vegetable rotation refers to the alternating sowing of different types of leafy vegetables, including multiple of the following conditions: E1) The sowing method is broadcasting, the sowing amount is 150~300g / mu, and the sowing depth is 1~3cm; E2) When the total soluble salt content in newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land is ≥6g / kg or the pH is ≥8, the leafy vegetable rotation shall be selected as amaranth-Chinese cabbage-spinach rotation; E3) When the total soluble salt content in newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land is 4g / kg < SA < 6g / kg or 7.5 < pH < 8, the leafy vegetable rotation shall be amaranth-Chinese cabbage-spinach-Chinese bok choy rotation. The foliar fertilization involves spraying an ammonium sulfate solution and a diluted brassinolide solution during the middle and late stages of leafy vegetable growth, and includes multiple of the following conditions: F1) The mid-to-late growth stage of leafy vegetables refers to 2-3 weeks before harvesting; F2) The ammonium sulfate solution is an aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate, and the mass percentage concentration of the ammonium sulfate is 0.4~0.6%; F3) The brassinolide dilution is an aqueous solution of brassinolide, and the concentration of brassinolide is 0.9~1.1 mg / L; The foliar fertilizer application cycle described in F4) is once every 6 to 11 days; The foliar fertilizer described in F5) is applied 2 to 4 times.

2. The method of planting of claim 1, wherein, Returning straw to the field involves crushing the straw, spreading it evenly on the ground, and then tilling and leveling the soil, including multiple of the following conditions: A1) The tillage depth is 15-25cm; the straw burial rate during tillage is ≥95%; A2) The straw mentioned is the straw of coarse grains; A3) The amount of straw used is 500~2000 kg / mu; A4) The straw is crushed to 5~15cm.

3. The method of planting of claim 1, wherein, The installation of the concealed pipe includes multiple conditions: B1) The buried pipes are laid at equal intervals in newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land; B2) The spacing of the buried pipes is 5~10m; B3) The inner diameter of the concealed pipe is 6~12cm.

4. The method of planting of claim 1, wherein, The excavation of the open ditch includes multiple conditions: C1) The trenches described above are dug using a grouting machine; C2) The depth of the open ditch is 15~35cm; The width of the open ditch described in C3 is 20~60cm.

5. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of flood irrigation for salt leaching involves flooding newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land with water until water accumulates on the soil surface, then stopping irrigation and allowing the land to stand still; the depth of the accumulated water is 2-6 cm; and the standing time is 46-50 hours.

6. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application rate of the base fertilizer is 1000~2000 kg / mu.

7. The use of the planting method according to any one of claims 1-6 in planting on newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land.

8. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that, The term "newly reclaimed severely saline-alkali land" refers to land reclaimed within the past 10 years; the term "severely saline-alkali land" refers to saline-alkali land that meets either the criteria of salt content ≥4g / kg or pH ≥7.5.

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