Procambarus clarkii four seasons pond and green high-efficient breeding method of procambarus clarkii four seasons

Abstract

The application discloses a four-season pond for crayfish and a green and efficient crayfish breeding method in the four-season pond. The pond is surrounded by pond banks, and two circles of surrounding nets are arranged in the pond from the slope bottom of the pond bank to the center of the pond. The two circles of surrounding nets are respectively a first surrounding net and a second surrounding net. The two circles of surrounding nets divide the pond into a fry breeding area, a marker fry area and a mature crayfish breeding area from outside to inside. The fry breeding area, the marker fry area and the mature crayfish breeding area are evenly planted with waterweeds. A plurality of fry catching devices are evenly placed in the marker fry area. A plurality of finished crayfish catching devices are evenly placed in the mature crayfish breeding area. The application can make the crayfish have crayfish all the year round through integration of fry breeding separation, crayfish breeding, grading and catching and staggered marketing, realizes green and efficient production and staggered supply, improves the size and quality of the crayfish, and meets the urgent market demand of the consumer end for fresh crayfish all the year round.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of aquaculture technology, in particular to a small lobster four-season pond and a green and efficient small lobster four-season breeding method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Small lobsters, scientifically known as Procambarus clarkii, have experienced rapid development in China due to improved living standards and increased demand for high-quality aquatic products. Currently, the cultivation area of small lobsters reaches 1.87 x 10 6 tons, with the total output exceeding 2.89 x 10 6 tons. Among them, the small lobster cultivation output in Hubei Province increased from 302,000 tons in 2012 to 1,138,000 tons in 2022, with the cultivation area and output ranking first in the country for 16 consecutive years, accounting for half of the small lobster market in China. Currently, the main cultivation mode of small lobsters in China is rice-lobster co-culture, accounting for 83.93% and 83.00% of the small lobster cultivation area and output, respectively. However, there are key issues such as relatively low yield per mu, uneven market specifications, low centralized market prices, short supply period, and low cultivation efficiency. Since 2018, to meet the market demand for large-sized lobsters and staggered market supply, various pond cultivation modes such as rice-lobster-fish, lobster-crab rotation, and lobster-lotus co-culture have been attempted and explored in different regions of the country. Due to the late development of the above-mentioned small lobster pond cultivation modes, the fry mainly comes from the leftover fry of the rice-lobster mode in high-temperature seasons. The small lobster fry is prone to early maturation due to high-temperature stress, leading to a severe shortage of high-quality small lobster fry, low survival rate of long-distance purchased fry, poor physical condition, and slow growth.

[0003] In addition, the existing small lobster pond cultivation methods are extensive, and there are problems such as breeding by punching holes in the winter, muscle quality degradation after breeding, difficulty in catching in the winter low-temperature period, high proportion of empty shell lobsters, and limited supply period. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to provide a four-season small lobster breeding method. The present application can integrate fry breeding, adult lobster cultivation, grading and catching, and staggered market supply, which solves the limitations of low proportion of large-sized and high-quality finished lobsters and centralized market supply in the existing cultivation mode. Meanwhile, the present application fully utilizes pond engineering reconstruction, selection of breeding lobsters, zoned feeding, grading and catching, and other technologies to promote the scale-up of large-sized small lobster fry and four-season supply, avoiding the problems of self-breeding and self-cultivation, centralized market supply, slow growth, poor quality, and low output efficiency in the existing rice-lobster co-culture or continuous cropping mode. The present application realizes green and efficient production and staggered supply, improves the size and quality of small lobsters, and meets the urgent market demand for fresh and live small lobsters in the consumer market.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0006] The present application provides a four-season pond for breeding crayfish, which is surrounded by a pond dike, and two circles of surrounding nets are arranged in the pond from the slope bottom of the pond dike to the center of the pond, which are respectively a first surrounding net and a second surrounding net.

[0007] The fry area, the marker fry area and the adult crayfish breeding area are evenly planted with water grass,

[0008] A plurality of crayfish fry catching devices are evenly placed in the marker fry area,

[0009] A plurality of finished crayfish catching devices are evenly placed in the adult crayfish breeding area.

[0010] Further, the distance between the first surrounding net and the slope bottom of the pond is 2-5 m, and the mesh size of the first surrounding net is 3-4 cm (to facilitate the small-sized fry in the fry area to freely enter the marker fry area).

[0011] The distance between the second surrounding net and the first surrounding net is 3-10 m, and the mesh size of the second surrounding net is 0.5-1.0 cm.

[0012] The first surrounding net and the second surrounding net are both higher than the highest water surface of the pond by 20-30 cm.

[0013] Further, the crayfish catching device and the automatic crayfish catching device both include a polygonal holding tank, a plurality of crayfish cages are arranged on the tank wall of the holding tank, the crayfish cages are in a pipeline structure and the end of the crayfish cage is closed, the crayfish cage is in communication with the inlet of the tank wall of the holding tank, a circumferential skeleton is arranged on the inner wall of the crayfish cage to divide the crayfish cage into a plurality of cage sections. One of the tank walls of the holding tank is provided with a juvenile crayfish channel and an adult crayfish channel, a screen is arranged at the outlet of the juvenile crayfish channel, a shunt box is arranged at the outlet of the juvenile crayfish channel and the adult crayfish channel, a partition net is arranged in the middle of the shunt box to divide the shunt box into two independent temporary breeding spaces, the juvenile crayfish shunt box and the adult crayfish shunt box, the outlet of the juvenile crayfish channel is in communication with the juvenile crayfish shunt box, and the outlet of the adult crayfish channel is in communication with the adult crayfish shunt box.

[0014] Further, the screen is provided with a plurality of juvenile shrimp channels which are evenly spaced, the inlet of the juvenile shrimp channel is arranged in the adult shrimp diversion box, and the outlet is arranged in the juvenile shrimp diversion box. The juvenile shrimp channel and the adult shrimp channel are funnel-shaped, and the inlet is larger than the outlet. A plurality of detachable screens are arranged on the side wall of the diversion box. The diameter of the screen is 3.5-5.5 cm. The shrimp catching cage is provided with a shrimp catching opening which is evenly spaced on both sides of the shrimp catching cage.

[0015] Further, the water plants in the breeding area are planted on the slope of the pond, and the water plants in the breeding area are any one of Vallisneria, Potamogeton, Eclipta and Alternanthera.

[0016] The water plants in the marking and breeding area are planted in the deep water area, and the water plants in the marking and breeding area are any two or three of Vallisneria, Potamogeton and Alternanthera, which are arranged in a ratio of 1:1 or 1:1:1.

[0017] Further, the width of the pond ridge of the pond is 3-5 m, and a circle of escape-proof net is arranged on the top of the pond ridge close to the slope edge, and the height of the escape-proof net is 40-60 cm. The slope ratio of the pond is 1:2.0-2.5, and the depth of the pond is 1.8-2.5 m.

[0018] Pond engineering reconstruction: The area of the pond is generally 5-30 mu, and the pond is a pond with good water quality, sufficient water source, convenient drainage and irrigation, good water retention capacity and no pollution around. The inlet and outlet are arranged according to the pattern of high irrigation and low drainage, and are located at the two ends of the pond as much as possible, and are arranged diagonally. According to the stocking density and target yield, the breeding area and the adult shrimp breeding area are reasonably configured with oxygenation equipment, wherein,

[0019] The marking and breeding area is configured with a climbing water type oxygenator at 0.3-0.5 kw / mu / m water depth; the adult shrimp breeding area is configured with a propeller type oxygenator and a climbing water type oxygenator at 0.5-0.8 kw / mu / m water depth;

[0020] The outlet of the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe is provided with a 80-100 mesh filter screen.

[0021] The present application also provides a small lobster pond four seasons of shrimp breeding method, comprising the following steps:

[0022] 1) According to the structure of the pond, the pond is reconstructed;

[0023] 2) Sunning, clearing and disinfecting;

[0024] 3) Water plant planting and maintenance:

[0025] The breeding area, the marking and breeding area and the adult shrimp breeding area are planted or transplanted with suitable water plants according to the area and function of different regions (the water plants are supplemented according to the actual situation);

[0026] 4) Parental shrimp farming

[0027] In the middle and late March of the first year, high-quality fry are released into the grow-out area for feeding to obtain high-quality parent shrimp. The best quality finished shrimp with strong body, no disease or injury, and optimal size are selected (selection intensity 1-5%) as parent shrimp for breeding in the breeding area, and the rest of the finished shrimp are sold at a good market price,

[0028] In the future, each batch of parent shrimp is selected from the high-quality parent shrimp in the grow-out area for breeding in the breeding area.

[0029] 5) Release of high-quality parent shrimp and intensive management

[0030] Starting in May of the first year, high-quality parent shrimp are selected from the finished shrimp captured from the grow-out area and released into the breeding area for parent shrimp cultivation. During the parent shrimp cultivation period, the water temperature and weather conditions are considered, and the crayfish parent special feed is fed once a day at 6-7 pm.

[0031] 6) High-quality fry cultivation:

[0032] After each batch of parent shrimp (breeding shrimp) is intensively cultivated, it can start to spawn, hatch, and hatch. Small-sized fry will freely enter the marker area from the breeding area. From the time the fry enter the marker area, the water temperature and weather conditions are considered, and the feed is fed 2-3 times a day at 6-7 am, 12-13 pm, and 6-7 pm. During the fry cultivation period, the fry can freely enter and exit the fry capture cage. When the fry grow into high-quality fry, they are captured through the fry capture cage and released into the finished shrimp breeding area according to the breeding density of each batch for breeding or sale (the detachable mesh on the side of the holding tank is removed to allow small-sized fry to freely enter and exit the fry capture system. During the fry capture period, the detachable mesh is installed and fixed to efficiently capture large-sized high-quality crayfish fry. This method is simple, efficient, easy to promote, and has great production value.

[0033] 7) Large-sized finished shrimp breeding:

[0034] The finished shrimp are fed artificial compound feed twice a day at 6-7 am and 6-7 pm. During breeding, finished shrimp below 5 cents can freely enter and exit the capture system. During the capture of finished shrimp, especially before the temperature drops in the winter low temperature period, the detachable mesh is installed and fixed. Finished shrimp will enter the holding tank for temporary breeding. From December of each year to the first batch of finished shrimp on the market the following year, the parent shrimp can be retained according to the actual situation to achieve the goal of staggered marketing of finished shrimp and year-round supply of shrimp (this method is simple, efficient, easy to promote, and has great production value).

[0035] Further, in the step 2), the pond is drained of water in January and February of the first year, and a cross-shaped or a square-shaped ring ditch is dug, the ring ditch is 40-50 cm deep, and the ring ditch is used for draining water and drying the pond for 2-3 weeks; after the pond is dried, the pond is filled with water to a depth of 30-40 cm, and quicklime is used for disinfection and clearing weeds, the amount of quicklime is 100-150 kg per mu, and 14-16 days later, water plants are planted in sections, and after the water plants are planted, water is slowly filled to a depth of 1.0-1.2 m, and tea seed cakes are used for clearing weeds, the amount of tea seed cakes is 20-25 kg per mu,

[0036] Or, from the second year, in May and June of each year (the concentrated marketing stage of small crayfish), the pond is dried, cleared, disinfected, planted with water plants, and cleared.

[0037] In the step 3), the row spacing of water plants in the breeding area is 0.5 m, and the plant spacing is 0.3 m; the row spacing of water plants in the marker area is 2-3 m, and the plant spacing is 4-6 m; the row spacing of water plants in the small crayfish breeding area is 5-10 m, and the plant spacing is 6-8 m.

[0038] Further, in the step 4), the high-quality small crayfish fry in the first year is 80-120 per catty, and the stocking density of each batch of small crayfish fry in the small crayfish breeding area is 4000-5000 per mu, and the feeding time is 28-40 days,

[0039] The high-quality parent crayfish is a large-sized small crayfish of 35 g or more per crayfish, the selection and retention ratio of the high-quality parent crayfish is 1-5%, the male to female ratio of the high-quality parent crayfish is 3:1, the grade of the high-quality finished small crayfish is 10-15 per catty, and the stocking density of the high-quality parent crayfish is 10-20 catties per mu per batch,

[0040] Further, in the step 5), the feeding amount of the small crayfish parent special feed is 0.5-3% of the total weight of the parent crayfish; and the nutrient composition of the small crayfish parent special feed is: crude protein 30-32%, crude fat 3-5 parts, lysine 1.1-1.3 parts, available phosphorus 0.7 parts, calcium 2 parts, lecithin 1.0 part, vitamin E 0.05 part, crude fiber 10 parts, and crude ash 13-15 parts.

[0041] In the step 6), the small-sized small crayfish fry is 50,000-200 per catty, and the feeding amount of the small crayfish fry special feed is 0.5-8% of the total weight of the small crayfish fry.

[0042] The nutrient composition of the small crayfish fry special feed is: crude protein 35-36 parts, crude fat 3-5 parts, lysine 1.3-1.5 parts, available phosphorus 0.9 parts, calcium 2 parts, lecithin 0.5 part, vitamin E 0.03 part, crude fiber 10 parts, and crude ash 13-15 parts.

[0043] The total feeding amount of the artificial compound feed in step 7) is 3-6% of the total weight of the high-quality fry,

[0044] The first feeding amount accounts for 30% of the total daily feeding amount, and the second feeding amount accounts for 70% of the total daily feeding amount,

[0045] When the weight of a single high-quality fry is less than 10g, the artificial compound feed has the following nutritional components: crude protein 35-36 parts, crude fat 3-5 parts, lysine 1.1-1.3 parts, available phosphorus 0.8 parts, calcium 2 parts and crude fiber 8 parts;

[0046] Or, when the weight of a single high-quality fry is greater than or equal to 10g, the artificial compound feed has the following nutritional components: crude protein 30-32 parts, crude fat 4-6 parts, lysine 1.1-1.3 parts, available phosphorus 0.8 parts, calcium 2 parts and crude fiber 8 parts.

[0047] During the cultivation period, the water-soluble Hao Da yeast source organic fertilizer is used to spray the whole pond every 10-15 days in the morning on sunny days, and the amount is 10-30 kg / mu, and the quicklime is used to spray the whole pond after being dissolved in water, and the amount is 10-15 kg / mu.

[0048] During the cultivation period, the Hao Da nutrient enhancer is used to spray the whole pond every 3-5 days before the high peak of the crayfish fry and juvenile crayfish molting, and the amount is 5-10 ppm, so as to promote the growth of the fry and the smooth molting.

[0049] The cultivation method of the present application also needs to pay attention to the following points:

[0050] 1. The catching and releasing time of the parent crayfish and the fry is before 6 am in the morning in the high-temperature season from July to August, and before 9 am in the morning at other times.

[0051] 2. Water quality management and disease green prevention and control:

[0052] During the cultivation period, the oxygenation equipment is started to oxygenate, and the oxygenation is carried out from 12 noon to 2 pm and from 12 pm to 6 am on sunny days, and the oxygenation is carried out all day long on rainy days, so as to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the water body is more than 4 mg / L;

[0053] According to the water quality of the pond, new water is added once every 2-4 days, and the depth of each time of adding new water is 5-10 cm, and the water exchange amount is 10-20% of the total water amount of the pond;

[0054] During the cultivation period, the Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium butyricum and Hao Da nutrient enhancer are regularly used to spray the whole pond or mix the feed in the method of water quality improvement and inhibition of harmful pathogens breeding and outbreak, and the feeding and activity of the crayfish are observed every day, and the disease is found out in time for inspection, diagnosis and treatment.

[0055] 3. Grading catching, temporary cultivation and peak supply comprehensive management:

[0056] The breeding area: the breeding box of the shrimp fry fishing cage is floated in the water by the float, the open end of the water surface of the breeding box is provided with an anti-escape mesh, the mesh of the bottom and the periphery of the breeding box is 2.0 cm, and the small-sized shrimp fry will automatically escape back to the breeding area; a detachable mesh is arranged on one side of the breeding box, the detachable mesh is removed when the shrimp fry is not needed to be caught, and the shrimp fry entering the fishing system can freely enter and exit; during the fishing of the shrimp fry, the detachable mesh is fixed, the purpose of efficiently fishing the large-sized high-quality crayfish fry is achieved, and the method is simple, efficient and easy to popularize.

[0057] The adult shrimp breeding area: the breeding box of the finished shrimp fishing device is floated in the water by the float, the open end of the water surface of the breeding box is provided with an anti-escape mesh, the mesh of the bottom and the periphery of the breeding box is 4.0 cm, and the finished shrimp below 5 Qiang will automatically escape back to the adult shrimp breeding area; a detachable mesh is arranged on one side of the breeding box, the detachable mesh is removed when the finished shrimp is not needed to be caught, and the finished shrimp entering the fishing system can freely enter and exit; during the fishing of the finished shrimp, especially before the temperature decreases in the low-temperature period in winter, the detachable mesh is fixed, the finished shrimp will enter the breeding box in advance, the purpose of efficiently fishing the finished shrimp and staggered marketing and providing the finished shrimp in all seasons is achieved, and the method is simple, efficient and easy to popularize.

[0058] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0059] 1. The present application successfully breaks through the problem that the rice field self-propagation and self-nurturing mode cannot breed large-sized high-quality finished shrimp at home and abroad for the first time, and fully utilizes the techniques of pond engineering reconstruction, selection of breeding shrimp, zoned feeding, and graded catching, promotes the large-scale and all-season supply of large-sized crayfish fry, avoids many problems such as self-propagation and self-nurturing, concentrated marketing, small size, poor quality, and low output efficiency of the existing rice field breeding, and realizes green and efficient production and staggered supply, which improves the size and quality of crayfish and meets the urgent market demand of the consumer end for fresh crayfish in all seasons.

[0060] 2. The zoned feeding management of the pond of the present application can significantly improve the quality of the fry by uninterruptedly selecting high-quality finished shrimp as parent shrimp from the adult shrimp breeding area every month.

[0061] 3. The fry and adult shrimp grading fishing system of the present application can significantly improve the catching rate of the fry and adult shrimp, and when the catching is not needed, the fishing system can provide a certain hiding place for crayfish and free entry and exit. Especially, the opening and closing of the in-situ adult shrimp temporary breeding system can avoid the failure of catching crayfish in the high-temperature season and the low-temperature season, and truly realize staggered marketing.

[0062] 4. The present invention provides a method for raising crayfish in ponds year-round, which successfully raises crayfish to large-sized adult crayfish (over 35g / piece) in 4-7 weeks and allows for 3-5 batches of crayfish to be raised per year. The crayfish grow quickly, have strong disease resistance, are large in size, and generate high and stable profits, providing a theoretical basis and practical experience for the "year-round crayfish" farming model.

[0063] In summary, the intensive crayfish pond farming method of this invention, which allows for year-round crayfish farming, has advantages such as the ability to scale up aeration and intelligent feeding facilities and equipment, avoid the "crayfish-over-rice" approach, achieve higher yields with a significantly increased proportion of large-sized, high-quality crayfish, and staggered market entry, thus ensuring the healthy and long-term development of my country's crayfish industry. Attached Figure Description

[0064] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the longitudinal cross-sectional structure of a crayfish pond throughout the four seasons;

[0065] Figure 2 A top-down structural diagram of a crayfish pond throughout the four seasons;

[0066] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a shrimp larvae harvesting device;

[0067] Figure 4 A structural diagram of the larval shrimp passage;

[0068] Figure 5 Detailed image of the shrimp larvae harvesting device;

[0069] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the finished shrimp-catching device.

[0070] Figure 7 A detailed view of the finished shrimp-catching device;

[0071] In the diagram, 1 is the pond embankment, 2 is the first enclosure net, 3 is the second enclosure net, 4 is aquatic plants, 5 is a rearing box, 6 is a shrimp trap, 61 is a circumferential frame, 62 is a shrimp trap opening, 51 is a juvenile shrimp passage, 51 is a sieve, 52 is an adult shrimp passage, 7 is a diversion box, 71 is a partition net, 72 is a juvenile shrimp diversion box, 73 is an adult shrimp diversion box, 8 is an escape-proof net, and 9 is a detachable net panel. Detailed Implementation

[0072] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can understand it.

[0073] Example 1

[0074] A crayfish pond for all seasons, the pond is surrounded by a pond bank 1 with a width of 3 to 5 meters. The top of the pond bank 1 is also equipped with an escape-proof net 8 near the slope, and the height of the escape-proof net 8 is 40 to 60 centimeters. The pond slope ratio is 1:2.0 to 2.5, and the pond depth is 1.8 to 2.5 meters.

[0075] Two concentric rings of netting, designated as first netting 2 and second netting 3, are installed at intervals from the bottom of the sloping bank 1 to the center of the pond. The distance between first netting 2 and the bottom of the sloping bank 1 is 2–5 m, and the mesh size of first netting 2 is 3–4 cm. The distance between second netting 3 and first netting 2 is 3–10 m, and the mesh size of second netting 3 is 0.5–1.0 cm. Both first netting 2 and second netting 3 are 20–30 cm above the highest water level of the pond. Therefore, the two rings of netting divide the pond from the outside in into a seedling rearing area, a nursery area, and an adult shrimp farming area.

[0076] The aquatic plant 4 in the seedling area is planted on the pond slope, and the aquatic plant 4 in the seedling area is any one of Vallisneria natans, Elodea nuttallii, Eriocaulon buergerianum, and Alternanthera philoxeroides.

[0077] The aquatic plants 4 in both the seedling area and the adult shrimp farming area are planted in their deep water areas. The aquatic plants 4 in both the seedling area and the adult shrimp farming area are any two or three kinds of plants from Vallisneria natans, Elodea nuttallii, and Hydrilla verticillata in a 1:1 or 1:1:1 ratio. Multiple shrimp fry traps are evenly placed in the seedling area, and multiple adult shrimp traps are evenly placed in the adult shrimp farming area.

[0078] Both the aforementioned shrimp larvae catching cages and finished shrimp catching devices include a polygonal rearing box 5. Multiple shrimp catching cages 6 are installed on the walls of the rearing box 5. Each shrimp catching cage 6 has a tubular structure and its ends are closed. The shrimp outlet of each shrimp catching cage 6 is connected to the shrimp inlet of the rearing box 5. A circumferential frame 61 is spaced apart on the inner wall of each shrimp catching cage 6, dividing it into several sections. A juvenile shrimp passage 5 is provided on one side of the rearing box 5. The shrimp outlets of the adult shrimp channel 51 and the juvenile shrimp channel 52 are equipped with screens 511. The outlets of the juvenile shrimp channel 51 and the adult shrimp channel 52 are equipped with diversion boxes 7. The diversion boxes 7 are divided into two independent temporary holding spaces, the juvenile shrimp diversion box 72 and the adult shrimp diversion box 73, by a partition net 71 in the middle. The outlet of the juvenile shrimp channel 51 is connected to the juvenile shrimp diversion box 72, and the outlet of the juvenile shrimp channel 51 is connected to the adult shrimp diversion box 73.

[0079] Multiple juvenile shrimp channels 51 are evenly spaced on the partition net 71. The shrimp inlet of the juvenile shrimp channel 51 is located in the adult shrimp diversion box 73, and the shrimp outlet is located in the juvenile shrimp diversion box 72. Both the juvenile shrimp channel 51 and the adult shrimp channel 52 are funnel-shaped, and the shrimp inlet is larger than the shrimp outlet. Several detachable net pieces 9 are provided on the side wall of the diversion box 7. The mesh diameter of the sieve 511 is 3.5-5.5cm. The shrimp trap 6 is provided with shrimp trap openings 62, which are evenly distributed on both sides of the shrimp trap 6.

[0080] A green and efficient farming method for crayfish that can be raised year-round includes the following steps:

[0081] 1) Based on the pond structure, the pond is modified; during the engineering modification process of the pond:

[0082] The pond area is generally 5 to 30 mu (approximately 0.33-0.2 hectares). The pond should have good water quality, abundant water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, good water retention capacity, and no surrounding pollution. The inlet and outlet should be arranged according to the high irrigation and low drainage pattern, and should be located at both ends of the pond as much as possible, diagonally. Aeration equipment should be reasonably configured in the seedling cultivation and adult shrimp farming areas according to the stocking density and target yield. Specifically, the seedling area should be equipped with a crawling aerator at a depth of 0.3-0.5 kW / mu / meter; the adult shrimp farming area should be equipped with a paddlewheel aerator and a crawling aerator at a depth of 0.5-0.8 kW / mu / meter.

[0083] Both the inlet and outlet pipes are equipped with 80-100 mesh filters.

[0084] 2) Sun-drying the ponds, clearing the fields, and disinfecting:

[0085] In the first year, after draining the pond in January or February, dig a cross-shaped or grid-shaped ring ditch, 40-50 cm deep. Use this ditch to fully drain the water and allow the pond to dry for 2-3 weeks. After drying, fill the pond with water to a depth of 30-40 cm. Disinfect and clear the area with quicklime, using 100-150 kg / mu. 14-16 days later, begin planting aquatic plants in designated areas. After planting, gradually increase the water level until the pond reaches a depth of 1.0-1.2 m, depending on the plant growth. Then, clear the area again with tea seed cake, using 20-25 kg / mu.

[0086] Alternatively, starting from the second year onwards, every year in May and June (the peak season for crayfish), the above operations can be carried out on the ponds: sun-drying, cleaning, disinfecting, planting aquatic plants, and cleaning.

[0087] 3) Planting and maintenance of aquatic plants:

[0088] According to the area and function of different regions, suitable aquatic plants are planted or transplanted in the seedling area, nursery area, and adult shrimp farming area. The row spacing of aquatic plants in the seedling area is 0.5m and the plant spacing is 0.3m; the row spacing of aquatic plants in the nursery area is 2-3m and the plant spacing is 4-6m; and the row spacing of aquatic plants in the adult shrimp farming area is 5-10m and the plant spacing is 6-8m.

[0089] 4) Parent shrimp farming

[0090] In mid-to-late March of the first year, high-quality shrimp larvae are released into the adult shrimp farming area for rearing to obtain high-quality adult crayfish. The best-quality adult crayfish (1-5% selection rate) that are robust, disease-free, injury-free, and of the highest size are selected as broodstock in the seedling area. The remaining adult crayfish are sold when market prices are favorable.

[0091] In subsequent generations, high-quality adult crayfish from the adult crayfish farming area will be selected as the parent stock for the seedling area. The first year's high-quality seedlings will have 80-120 shrimp per jin (approximately 0.5 catties), and the stocking density for each batch of seedlings in the adult crayfish farming area will be 4000-5000 shrimp per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), with a rearing period of 28-40 days.

[0092] High-quality finished crayfish are large-sized crayfish weighing 35g or more each, with a selection ratio of 1-5%. The female-to-male ratio of high-quality finished crayfish is 3:1, and the size of high-quality finished crayfish is 10-15 per jin (500g). The stocking density of high-quality finished crayfish (parent crayfish) is 10-20 jin per mu per crop.

[0093] 5) Introduce high-quality parent shrimp and strengthen management.

[0094] Starting in May of the first year, high-quality broodstock shrimp are selected from the adult shrimp harvested from the adult shrimp farming area and released into the seedling area for broodstock cultivation. During the broodstock cultivation period, depending on the water temperature and weather conditions, broodstock-specific feed is given once a day between 6 and 7 pm. The amount of broodstock-specific feed is 0.5-3% of the total weight of the broodstock shrimp. The nutritional composition of the broodstock-specific feed is as follows: crude protein 30-32%, crude fat 3-5%, lysine 1.1-1.3%, available phosphorus 0.7%, calcium 2%, lecithin 1.0%, vitamin E 0.05%, crude fiber 10%, and crude ash 13-15%.

[0095] 6) Cultivation of high-quality shrimp larvae:

[0096] After intensive cultivation, each batch of parent shrimp (breeding shrimp) can begin carrying eggs, hatching, and larvae. Small-sized shrimp larvae will freely move from the nursery area to the nursery area. From the time the shrimp larvae enter the nursery area, they will be fed 2-3 times a day, depending on the water temperature and weather conditions, at 6-7 am, 12-1 pm, and 6-7 pm. During the shrimp larvae cultivation period, the shrimp larvae will freely enter and exit the shrimp larvae traps. When the shrimp larvae grow into high-quality shrimp larvae, they will be harvested through the shrimp larvae traps and released into the adult shrimp farming area for farming or sale according to the stocking density of each batch. Among them, the small-sized shrimp larvae are crayfish with a density of 50,000-200 shrimp / catties, and the amount of shrimp larvae-specific feed is 0.5-8% of the total weight of the shrimp larvae.

[0097] Nutritional composition of shrimp larvae feed: 35-36 parts crude protein, 3-5 parts crude fat, 1.3-1.5 parts lysine, 0.9 parts available phosphorus, 2 parts calcium, 0.5 parts lecithin, 0.03 parts vitamin E, 10 parts crude fiber, and 13-15 parts crude ash.

[0098] 7) Large-sized adult shrimp farming:

[0099] Adult shrimp are fed formulated feed daily, with the first feeding between 6-7 am and the second between 6-7 pm. During the rearing process, adult shrimp under 5 qian (approximately 25 grams) can freely enter and exit the harvesting system. During the harvesting period, especially before the temperature drops in winter, detachable nets are installed and secured, and the adult shrimp are temporarily placed in rearing boxes. From December each year until the first batch of adult shrimp is harvested the following year, the supply of adult shrimp can be staggered, allowing for year-round supply, while retaining parent shrimp as needed. The total amount of formulated feed is 3-6% of the total weight of high-quality shrimp larvae.

[0100] The first feeding accounts for 30% of the total daily feed, and the second feeding accounts for 70% of the total daily feed.

[0101] When the weight of a single high-quality shrimp larva is less than 10g, the nutritional composition of the artificial compound feed is: 35-36 parts crude protein, 3-5 parts crude fat, 1.1-1.3 parts lysine, 0.8 parts available phosphorus, 2 parts calcium and 8 parts crude fiber.

[0102] Alternatively, when the weight of a single high-quality shrimp larva is greater than or equal to 10g, the nutritional composition of the artificial compound feed is: 30-32 parts crude protein, 4-6 parts crude fat, 1.1-1.3 parts lysine, 0.8 parts available phosphorus, 2 parts calcium and 8 parts crude fiber.

[0103] 8) Water quality management and green disease prevention and control:

[0104] During the breeding period, oxygenation equipment should be turned on to increase oxygen levels. On sunny days, oxygenation should be carried out from 12:00 noon to 2:00 pm and from 12:00 pm to 6:00 am. On cloudy and rainy days, oxygenation should be carried out all day to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the breeding water is above 4 mg / L.

[0105] Depending on the pond's water quality, add fresh water every 2-4 days, with each addition being 5-10cm deep and replacing 10-20% of the total pond volume.

[0106] During the breeding period, every 10-15 days on sunny mornings, apply Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria, and Haoda nutrient enhancer by spraying the entire pond or mixing it into the feed to improve water quality and inhibit the growth and outbreak of harmful pathogens. The dosage is 10-30 kg / mu. Also, apply 10-15 kg / mu of quicklime dissolved in water to the entire pond. Two days before the peak molting period of crayfish larvae and juveniles, apply Haoda nutrient enhancer at 5-10 ppm to the entire pond every 3-5 days to promote larval growth and successful molting. Observe the feeding and activity of the crayfish daily, and promptly check, diagnose, and treat any diseases found.

[0107] Example 2

[0108] Based on the pond structure and aquaculture method of Example 1, a pond in a certain area of ​​Hubei Province was modified and used for crayfish farming. The pond area was 10 mu (approximately 1.65 acres).

[0109] Example 3

[0110] The breeding method in this embodiment is basically the same as that in embodiment 2, except that:

[0111] The pond has an area of ​​15 mu (approximately 1 hectare).

[0112] Comparative Example 1

[0113] Comparative Example 1 involves crayfish farming in existing ponds using existing shrimp farming methods.

[0114] Comparative Example 1 selected a one-time high-density stocking of shrimp larvae, with a stocking density of over 14,000 larvae per acre.

[0115] Comparative Example 2

[0116] Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 use basically the same shrimp farming methods, the difference being:

[0117] In Comparative Example 2, the area for raising adult shrimp was 17.5 mu. Comparative Example 2 also adopted a one-time high-density stocking of shrimp fry, with a stocking density of 15,000 shrimp fry per mu.

[0118] Comparative Example 2

[0119] The difference from Example 2 is that the area for raising adult shrimp in Comparative Example 2 is 17.5 mu, and the stocking density of shrimp fry is 15,000 per mu.

[0120] Table 1 shows the production capacity and revenue of large-sized shrimp larvae, finished shrimp, and rice in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2:

[0121] Table 1 Comparison of aquaculture method parameters between Examples 2-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2

[0122]

[0123] As shown in the table above, due to the limited supply of existing seedlings in Comparative Ponds 1 and 2, only one-time high-density stocking can be chosen, with a stocking density of over 14,000 shrimp per mu. This results in smaller adult shrimp, which affects the economic benefits of the crayfish grown in the comparative ponds. Furthermore, there is no efficient harvesting device for the low-temperature period. During the winter low-temperature period, from December to February of the following year, the price of fresh crayfish is the highest, reaching 70-100 yuan / jin. The Example, through the effective use of shrimp seedling harvesting devices and adult shrimp harvesting devices in crayfish ponds throughout the year, enables the control of optimal stocking density, precise nutrient supply and feeding, etc., which can fully achieve the supply during the winter low-temperature period when the price is optimal and ensure a year-round supply of crayfish.

[0124] All other parts not described in detail are existing technologies. Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A crayfish pond for all seasons, the pond being surrounded by a perimeter embankment (1), characterized in that: The bottom of the pond is provided with two rings of netting from the bottom of the sloping bank (1) to the center of the pond, namely the first netting (2) and the second netting (3); and the two rings of netting divide the pond into a seedling area, a nursery area and an adult shrimp farming area from the outside to the inside. Aquatic plants were evenly planted in the seedling area, the nursery area, and the adult shrimp farming area (4). Multiple shrimp larvae harvesting devices are evenly placed within the seedling area. Multiple finished shrimp catching devices are evenly placed in the shrimp farming area. The distance between the first enclosure net (2) and the bottom of the slope of the pond embankment (1) is 2~5m, and the mesh size of the first enclosure net (2) is 2~4cm; The distance between the second fence (3) and the first fence (2) is 3~10m, and the mesh size of the second fence (3) is 0.5~1.0cm; The first enclosure net (2) and the second enclosure net (3) are both 20-30cm higher than the highest water surface of the pond; the shrimp fry catching device and the finished shrimp catching device both include a polygonal rearing box (5), and multiple shrimp traps (6) are set on the box wall of the rearing box (5). The shrimp traps (6) are pipe-shaped structures and the ends of the shrimp traps (6) are closed. The shrimp outlet of the shrimp traps (6) is connected to the shrimp inlet of the box wall of the rearing box (5). The inner wall of the shrimp traps (6) is provided with circumferential skeletons (61) at intervals to divide the shrimp traps (6) into several trap sections. One side of the box wall of the rearing box (5) is provided with a juvenile shrimp channel (51) and an adult shrimp channel (52). The shrimp outlet of the juvenile shrimp channel (51) is provided with a screen (511). The outlets of the juvenile shrimp channel (51) and the adult shrimp channel (52) are provided with a diversion box (7). The diversion box (7) is provided with a screen in the middle. A partition net (71) divides the distribution box (7) into two independent temporary holding spaces: a juvenile shrimp distribution box (72) and an adult shrimp distribution box (73). The shrimp outlet of the juvenile shrimp channel (51) is connected to the juvenile shrimp distribution box (72), and the shrimp outlet of the adult shrimp channel (52) is connected to the adult shrimp distribution box (73). Multiple juvenile shrimp channels (51) are evenly spaced on the partition net (71), and the shrimp inlet of the juvenile shrimp channel (51) is located in the adult shrimp distribution box (73). Inside 73), the shrimp outlet is located inside the juvenile shrimp diversion box (72). The juvenile shrimp channel (51) and the adult shrimp channel (52) are both funnel-shaped and the shrimp inlet is larger than the shrimp outlet. Several detachable nets (9) are provided on the side wall of the diversion box (7). The mesh diameter of the screen (511) is 3.5~5.5cm. The shrimp trap (6) is provided with shrimp trap openings (62), which are evenly distributed on both sides of the shrimp trap (6).

2. The crayfish pond according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aquatic plants (4) in the seedling area are planted on the pond slope, and the aquatic plants (4) in the seedling area are any one of Vallisneria natans, Elodea nuttallii, Eriocaulon buergerianum, and Alternanthera philoxeroides. The aquatic plants (4) in the seedling area and the adult shrimp farming area are planted in their deep water areas. The aquatic plants (4) in the seedling area and the adult shrimp farming area are any two or three kinds of Vallisneria natans, Elodea nuttallii and Hydrilla verticillata in a 1:1 or 1:1:1 ratio.

3. The crayfish pond according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the pond embankment (1) is 3~5m. A ring of escape prevention net (8) is set at the top of the pond embankment (1) near the slope and the height of the escape prevention net (8) is 40~60cm. The pond slope ratio is 1:2.0~2.5 and the pond depth is 1.8~2.5m.

4. A method for year-round crayfish farming using the crayfish pond described in claim 1, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: 1) Pond drying, field clearing, and disinfection; In the first year, after draining the pond in January or February, dig a cross-shaped or grid-shaped ring ditch, 40-50cm deep, and use the ditch to fully drain the water and dry the pond for 2-3 weeks. After drying, fill the pond with water to a depth of 30-40cm, and disinfect and clear the field with quicklime at a rate of 100-150 kg / mu. 14-16 days later, start planting aquatic plants in designated areas. After planting, according to the growth of the aquatic plants, slowly fill the pond with water until the water depth reaches 1.0-1.2m, and then clear the field with tea seed cake at a rate of 20-25 kg / mu. Alternatively, starting from the second year onwards, the pond can be dried, cleaned, disinfected, planted with aquatic plants, and cleaned again every May and June. 2) Planting and maintenance of aquatic plants: Depending on the size and function of each area, suitable aquatic plants are planted or transplanted in the seedling area, nursery area, and adult shrimp farming area. Specifically, the row spacing of aquatic plants in the seedling area is 0.5-2m, and the plant spacing is 0.3-0.5m; the row spacing of aquatic plants in the nursery area is 2-3m, and the plant spacing is 4-6m; and the row spacing of aquatic plants in the adult shrimp farming area is 5-10m, and the plant spacing is 6-8m. 3) Parent shrimp farming In mid-to-late March of the first year, large-sized, high-quality shrimp larvae are released into the adult shrimp farming area for rearing to obtain high-quality broodstock. The healthiest, disease-free, and best-sized adult shrimp are selected for use as broodstock in the seedling area. The remaining adult shrimp are sold when market prices are favorable. From then on, high-quality broodstock from the adult shrimp farming area will be selected for the breeding area for each subsequent batch. 4) Introduce high-quality parent shrimp and strengthen management. Starting in May of the first year, each batch of parent shrimp is selected from the adult shrimp harvested from the adult shrimp farming area. The selected parent shrimp with well-developed gonads are released into the seedling area for parent shrimp cultivation. During the parent shrimp cultivation period, depending on the water temperature and weather conditions, the parent shrimp are fed once a day from 6 to 7 pm. 5) Cultivation of high-quality shrimp larvae: After each batch of parent shrimp undergoes intensive cultivation, they can begin carrying eggs, hatching, and producing larvae. Small-sized larvae will freely move from the nursery area to the nursery area. From the time the larvae enter the nursery area, they will be fed 2-3 times a day, depending on the water temperature and weather conditions, at 6-7 am, 12-1 pm, and 6-7 pm. During the larvae cultivation period, the larvae will freely enter and exit the larvae harvesting device. When the larvae grow into high-quality larvae, they will be harvested through the larvae harvesting device and released into the adult shrimp farming area for further cultivation or sale according to the stocking density of each batch. 6) Large-sized adult shrimp farming: The adult shrimp are fed artificial feed daily, with the first feeding at 6-7 am and the second feeding at 6-7 pm. During the farming process, adult shrimp under 5 qian (approximately 25 grams) can freely enter and exit the harvesting system. During the harvesting of adult shrimp, before the temperature drops in winter, detachable nets are installed and fixed, and the adult shrimp are temporarily placed in rearing boxes in advance. From December each year until the first batch of adult shrimp is on the market the following year, the adult shrimp are harvested in staggered seasons and the shrimp are supplied year-round, while retaining the parent shrimp according to the actual situation.

5. The aquaculture method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 3), the first-year high-quality shrimp fry are 80-120 shrimp per jin (approximately 0.5 catties), and the stocking density of each batch of shrimp fry in the adult shrimp farming area is 4000-6000 shrimp per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), with a rearing period of 28-40 days. High-quality parent shrimp are large crayfish weighing 35g or more each, with a selection ratio of 1-5%. The male-to-female ratio of high-quality parent shrimp is 3:1, the size of high-quality parent crayfish is 10-15 per jin (500g), and the stocking density of high-quality parent shrimp is 10-20 jin per mu per crop.

6. The aquaculture method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 4), the amount of special feed for crayfish broodstock is 0.5-3% of the total weight of the broodstock; and the nutritional composition of the special feed for crayfish broodstock is as follows: crude protein 30-36 parts, crude fat 3-5 parts, lysine 1.1-1.3 parts, available phosphorus 0.7 parts, calcium 2 parts, lecithin 1.0 part, vitamin E 0.05 parts, crude fiber 10 parts, and crude ash 13-15 parts. In step 5), the small-sized shrimp larvae are crayfish with a density of 50,000-200 per kilogram, and the amount of shrimp larvae-specific feed is 0.5-8% of the total weight of the shrimp larvae. Nutritional composition of shrimp larvae feed: crude protein 32-36 parts, crude fat 3-5 parts, lysine 1.3-1.5 parts, available phosphorus 0.9 parts, calcium 2 parts, lecithin 0.5 parts, vitamin E 0.03 parts, crude fiber 10 parts, crude ash 13-15 parts; In step 6), the total amount of artificial compound feed fed is 3-6% of the total weight of the high-quality shrimp larvae. The first feeding accounts for 30% of the total daily feed, and the second feeding accounts for 70% of the total daily feed. When the weight of a single high-quality shrimp larva is less than 10g, the nutritional composition of the artificial compound feed is: 35-36 parts crude protein, 3-5 parts crude fat, 1.1-1.3 parts lysine, 0.8 parts available phosphorus, 2 parts calcium and 8 parts crude fiber. Alternatively, when the weight of a single high-quality shrimp larva is greater than or equal to 10g, the nutritional composition of the artificial compound feed is: 30-32 parts crude protein, 4-6 parts crude fat, 1.1-1.3 parts lysine, 0.8 parts available phosphorus, 2 parts calcium and 8 parts crude fiber.

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