Multifunctional composite machining method and device of cavitation water jet

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of cavitation water jet multifunctional composite processing method and device, and straight pipe one and straight pipe two are arranged along the center axis of outer nozzle symmetry and respectively from the corresponding through hole of outer nozzle top stretch into outer nozzle inside, the top of straight pipe one is connected with the outlet of first low-pressure pipeline, and the top of straight pipe two is connected with the outlet of second low-pressure pipeline;Three-way pipe upper pipe top is connected with the outlet of third low-pressure pipeline, and the outlet of two lower pipes of three-way pipe is respectively connected with the side wall of straight pipe one and straight pipe two;Iron cylinder is horizontally crossed at the intersection of three-way pipe, and the two ends of iron cylinder are S and N pole magnets respectively, two magnet controllers are fixedly connected on the outer side wall of the intersection of three-way pipe, the oscillation unbalanced jet of low-speed water jet is realized by the circulation movement of iron cylinder, the pulse cavitation jet is realized by the automatic opening and closing of electric ball valve on high-pressure pipeline, and the distance between the outlet of inner nozzle and the outlet of outer nozzle is adjusted or the rotating speed of low-pressure pipeline centrifugal pump is adjusted by moving support.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of metal surface strengthening processing, specifically a multifunctional composite processing method and apparatus based on the characteristics of cavitation water jet. Background Technology

[0002] With the booming development of the manufacturing industry, technologies such as metal processing, strengthening, cleaning, and foil stamping are also rapidly evolving. Traditional metal processing methods include machining, electrical discharge machining (EDM), laser processing, electron beam machining, electro-corrosion machining, and ion beam machining. Among these, laser processing technology uses laser-induced shock waves to act on the metal surface, creating residual stress. This process involves a long impact time and high equipment costs, especially when processing thicker materials, requiring high-power lasers. Furthermore, laser processing generates noise and fumes, causing environmental pollution. Other processing methods also have high equipment costs and some environmental pollution. All of these methods have higher operating costs than cavitation water jet machining, which is pollution-free.

[0003] Cavitation water jetting uses a high-pressure plunger pump or other high-pressure pump to pressurize the water medium used daily. After passing through a nozzle, the pressure drops rapidly and the water is ejected at extremely high speed. During this process, the pressure inside and at the nozzle outlet drops rapidly, reaching the pressure conditions that produce cavitation. Cavitation is the phenomenon that occurs when the internal pressure of a liquid drops below its saturated vapor pressure. Cavitation generates a large number of cavitation bubbles, which undergo development, growth, and collapse. These processes are essentially energy formation and release; bubble development and growth generate energy, while bubble collapse releases it. Research on the development, growth, and collapse of cavitation bubbles, and the resulting microjets, is relatively mature. Cavitation water jetting utilizes the energy of the microjets generated during bubble collapse to treat metal surfaces. The shock waves from the microjets cause varying degrees of stress changes on the metal surface, which strengthen the surface. The impact load generated by the pulsed cavitation water jet varies over time, and the stress changes caused by the pulsed cavitation water jet impacting the object are repeated multiple times. This intermittent strengthening effect is better.

[0004] Cavitation water jetting utilizes microjets generated by cavitation bubble collapse to process and strengthen metal surfaces. This is a highly effective processing method for metalworking. Currently, most cavitation water jetting technologies are submerged. However, submerged water jetting technology has significant shortcomings. Firstly, the target being processed needs to be immersed in a water environment, and since most targets are made of metal, prolonged immersion in water inevitably leads to chemical reactions. Submerged water jetting technology also falls short in processing large targets. Therefore, to address the shortcomings of submerged methods, artificial submerged water jetting technology has been proposed. Artificial submerged water jetting technology involves adding a sleeve around a high-speed nozzle, with a low-speed water channel inside the sleeve. Simultaneous spraying of water from both creates a water environment similar to submersion. Furthermore, when the two water streams meet, a shearing effect creates a local pressure difference. When the pressure falls below the ambient saturated vapor pressure, cavitation occurs. For example, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN113714940A, entitled "Artificially Submerged Cavitation Water Jet Shot Peening Device, Its Working Method and Combined Nozzle," describes a combined nozzle comprising an inner nozzle and an outer nozzle. It can simultaneously access both high-pressure and low-pressure water, with the high-speed water outlet of the inner nozzle located in the submerged low-pressure water environment provided by the outer nozzle, thus improving the cavitation rate. The low-pressure water inlet is parallel to the high-pressure water inlet, making the jet ejected from the nozzle less prone to divergence and enhancing the jet's strengthening effect. However, its processing function is limited. Different processing devices are required for different processing types, and it cannot achieve conversion between various processing methods such as strengthening, cleaning, and punching, nor can it accommodate variations in strengthening methods. Furthermore, it cannot perform large-area processing, cleaning, or punching. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems of limited functionality and low enhancement effect of existing artificial submerged water jet processing. It proposes a multifunctional composite processing method and equipment for cavitation water jet, which addresses the diversity of processing types and solves the problem of needing to use multiple processing devices for different metal processing types.

[0006] The technical solution of the cavitation water jet multifunctional composite processing device of the present invention is as follows: It has a multifunctional nozzle, a fixed worktable is set in the middle of the water tank, the metal part to be processed is fixed on the surface of the worktable, and the multifunctional nozzle is directly above the worktable. The multifunctional nozzle includes a vibrating pipe device, a submerged nozzle, two magnet controllers, and a telescopic hose. The submerged nozzle includes an inner nozzle and an outer nozzle, with the inner nozzle located in the center inside the outer nozzle. The vibrating pipe device is set directly above the submerged nozzle, and the vibrating pipe device consists of a T-joint, two straight pipes, and an iron circular... The system consists of two cylindrical sections: a straight pipe (straight pipe 1) and a straight pipe (straight pipe 2) symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the outer nozzle and extending into the nozzle from corresponding through holes at the top. The top of straight pipe 1 connects to the outlet of the first low-pressure pipeline, and the top of straight pipe 2 connects to the outlet of the second low-pressure pipeline. The top of the upper pipe of the tee connects to the outlet of the third low-pressure pipeline, and the outlets of the two lower pipes of the tee connect to the side walls of straight pipe 1 and straight pipe 2, respectively. A horizontal iron cylinder lies across the middle of the tee, with the two lower pipes of the tee located on the radial sides of the iron cylinder. The two ends of the iron cylinder are S and N pole magnets, respectively. Two magnet controllers are fixedly connected to the outer wall at the intersection of the three-way pipes. Magnet controller one contains a strong N-pole magnet, facing the S-pole magnet end of the iron cylinder. Magnet controller two contains a strong S-pole magnet, facing the N-pole magnet end of the iron cylinder. Each magnet controller is driven by a linear guide module to move back and forth between the inlets of the two lower pipes of the three-way pipe. Each low-pressure pipeline is connected between the water storage tank and the multi-functional nozzle via a low-pressure pipe. Each low-pressure pipe is equipped with a shut-off valve, a centrifugal pump, an electric ball valve, and a pressure gauge. Each centrifugal pump is connected to a... The inverter is connected; the water inlet at the top of the inner nozzle is connected to the high-pressure pipeline, which supplies medium water to the second water storage tank. Another shut-off valve, filter, high-pressure plunger pump, another electric ball valve, pressure relief valve and another pressure gauge are installed on the high-pressure pipeline; the upper end of the telescopic hose is fixedly connected to the outer wall of straight pipe one and straight pipe two, and the lower end is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the artificial submersion nozzle. When the telescopic hose extends or retracts, it drives straight pipe one and straight pipe two to move relative to the artificial submersion nozzle; a movable bracket is fixedly installed on the outside of the water tank. The movable bracket is connected to the outer wall of the multi-functional nozzle to adjust the axial distance between the outlet of the inner nozzle and the outlet of the outer nozzle.

[0007] The first technical solution of the processing method of the cavitation water jet multifunctional composite processing device of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0008] Step 1): The shut-off valve, centrifugal pump, and electric ball valve on the first and second low-pressure pipelines are all opened. Low-pressure water enters the outer nozzle through the first and second low-pressure pipelines and is sprayed out from the outlet of the outer nozzle. At the same time, the shut-off valve, high-pressure plunger pump, and electric ball valve on the high-pressure pipeline are all opened. High-pressure water enters the inner nozzle through the high-pressure pipeline and is sprayed out from the outlet of the inner nozzle. High-speed water and low-speed water intersect and shear.

[0009] Step 2): Adjust the frequency converter on the first and second low-pressure pipelines to increase the speed of the centrifugal pump, thereby increasing the initial water pressure entering the outer nozzle. This causes the low-speed water jet ejected from the outer nozzle outlet to contract the high-speed cavitation water jet ejected from the inner nozzle outlet, concentrating the impact force of the cavitation water jet at a single point, thus strengthening or punching the metal parts to be processed.

[0010] The second technical solution of the processing method described in this invention is: step 2) can be replaced by: the electric ball valve on the high-pressure pipeline opens and closes in a cycle within a set time, the medium water enters the inner nozzle 204 in segments, and when it is ejected from the outlet of the inner nozzle, the local pressure reaches below the saturated vapor pressure, and the segmented cavitation water jet is ejected from the outlet 32 ​​of the inner nozzle and shears with the low-speed water to perform pulse strengthening on the metal part to be processed.

[0011] The third technical solution of the processing method described in this invention is: step 2) is replaced by: adjusting the axial distance between the inner nozzle outlet and the outer nozzle outlet to change the concentration of the high-speed water jet and process the metal part to be processed over a large area.

[0012] The fourth technical solution of the processing method described in this invention is:

[0013] Step A): The linear guide module controls the N-pole strong magnet and the S-pole strong magnet to move back and forth in a cyclical manner, and the iron cylinder moves back and forth.

[0014] Step B): The shut-off valves, centrifugal pumps, and electric ball valves on the first and second low-pressure pipelines are all closed, while the third low-pressure pipeline and the high-pressure pipeline are both opened. The low-pressure water oscillates after contacting the back-and-forth moving iron cylinder. The high-pressure water enters the inner nozzle through the high-pressure pipeline and is ejected from the outlet of the inner nozzle. The oscillation of the low-speed water jet causes the cavitation water jet ejected from the outlet of the inner nozzle to have an unbalanced oscillation, thus performing oscillating sweeping strengthening and large-area strengthening on the metal parts to be processed.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies and equipment, the present invention has the following outstanding advantages:

[0016] 1. This invention utilizes multiple adjustment devices to achieve various processing methods for different processing types, that is, to satisfy the arbitrary transformation of processing methods between different processing types such as processing, strengthening, punching, and cleaning.

[0017] 2. This invention controls the cavitation water jet and the development, growth, and collapse of cavitation bubbles in the cavitation water jet by adjusting the distance between the inner nozzle outlet and the outer nozzle outlet or by adjusting the speed of the centrifugal pump in the low-pressure pipeline through a movable bracket. This allows the microjet energy generated during collapse to act at different target distances and to meet the required strengthening strength and strengthening range of the target under different conditions, thereby achieving high-strength strengthening, large-area strengthening, and punching.

[0018] 3. This invention achieves pulsed cavitation jet by automatically opening and closing an electric ball valve on a high-pressure pipeline, further realizing pulse strengthening. Pulse strengthening is a high-quality strengthening method. Pulse strengthening is a flexible impact that does not produce a thermal effect, and the strengthened metal surface is smooth.

[0019] 4. The present invention achieves the left-right unbalanced oscillation of low-speed water jet by the left-right cyclic movement of the iron cylinder in the oscillating pipe device, which further affects the oscillating sweeping enhancement of the cavitation water jet on the metal target, and can produce a strong mixing effect when the water jet oscillates continuously.

[0020] 5. Compared with some processing methods such as laser processing, the present invention has the advantages of low cost, low operating cost, and being environmentally friendly. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of a cavitation water jet multifunctional composite processing device according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A magnified structural diagram of the multifunctional nozzle in the image;

[0023] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A magnified partial half-section view of the multifunctional nozzle in the image;

[0024] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram of the cylindrical structure made by China Railway Corporation;

[0025] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 An enlarged structural schematic diagram of a magnet controller;

[0026] Figure 6 yes Figure 2 A magnified structural diagram of the second magnet controller;

[0027] Figure 7 yes Figure 2 Enlarged top view of magnet controller 1 and magnet controller 2;

[0028] Figure 8 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the cavitation water jet impact force being concentrated at a single point during processing by the processing device in the middle;

[0029] Figure 9 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the effect of cavitation water jet and low-velocity water enhancement during processing by the processing device in the diagram.

[0030] Figure 10 yes Figure 2A schematic diagram illustrating the effect of cavitation water jets dispersed under low-speed water envelopment during processing by the processing device in the diagram.

[0031] Figure 11 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the oscillating cavitation water jet generated during processing by the processing device in the diagram;

[0032] Figure 12 yes Figure 2 The image shows the effect of pulsed water jets generated during processing by the processing device in the middle.

[0033] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagrams: 1. Water storage tank one; 2. Shut-off valve; 3. Centrifugal pump; 4. Pressure gauge; 8. Frequency converter; 9. Electric ball valve; 10. Water storage tank two; 11. Filter; 12. High-pressure plunger pump; 13. Pressure relief valve; 14. Electric ball valve; 15. Multifunctional nozzle; 16. Movable support; 17. Workbench; 18. Water tank; 19. Telescopic hose; 20. Outer wall of the outer nozzle; 21. Inlet of the inner nozzle; 22. Throat; 23. Shear point between high-speed and low-speed water; 24. Inlet of the outer nozzle two; 25. Inlet of the outer nozzle one; 26. Inlet of the oscillating pipe device three; 27. Oscillating pipe. 28. Inlet 1 of the oscillating pipe device; 29. ​​Inlet 2 of the oscillating pipe device; 30. Iron cylinder; 31. Outlet 1 of the oscillating pipe device; 32. Outlet 2 of the oscillating pipe device; 33. Outlet 34. Cavitation; 35. Limiting groove; 36. Magnet controller 1; 37. Magnet controller 2; 101. Oscillating pipe device; 102. Artificial submerged nozzle; 201. T-connector; 202. Straight pipe 1; 203. Straight pipe 2; 204. Inner nozzle; 205. Outer nozzle; 301. S-pole strong magnet; 302. N-pole strong magnet; 303. Linear guide rail module. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, a detailed description is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0035] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "left and right," "middle," and other indicative nouns or positional relationships used in the following examples are for the convenience of describing the examples of this invention and do not represent specific locations of the components. Many verbs in the examples, such as "connect," "adjust," "move," and "open and close," can be understood to have the specific meaning of this invention.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, the cavitation jet multifunctional composite processing device of the present invention includes two water storage tanks, three low-pressure pipelines I, II, and III, one high-pressure pipeline, a multifunctional nozzle 15, a movable support 16, a worktable 17, and a water tank 18.

[0037] Three low-pressure pipelines, I, II, and III, are all supplied with medium water by a water storage tank 1. Each low-pressure pipeline I, II, and III is connected between the water storage tank 1 and the inlet of the multi-functional nozzle 15 via a low-pressure pipe. Each low-pressure pipe is equipped with a shut-off valve 2, a centrifugal pump 3, an electric ball valve 9, and a pressure gauge 4. Each centrifugal pump 3 is connected to a frequency converter 8, which is used to adjust the speed of the centrifugal pump 3 to control the pressure of the low-pressure water in the corresponding low-pressure pipeline I, II, and III. In this invention, the power of the centrifugal pump 3 on the first low-pressure pipeline I is 1.5 kW, the power of the centrifugal pump 3 on the second low-pressure pipeline II is the same as that on the first low-pressure pipeline I, which is also 1.5 kW, and the power of the centrifugal pump 3 on the third low-pressure pipeline III is 3 kW, which is greater than the power of the centrifugal pump 3 on the first and second low-pressure pipelines I and II. The water pressure on the three low-pressure pipelines I, II, and III is adjustable to meet the water pressure parameters required for various processing steps.

[0038] A high-pressure pipeline supplies medium water to the second water storage tank 10 and connects the second water storage tank 10 and the inlet of the multi-functional nozzle 15 through a high-pressure pipeline. The high-pressure pipeline is equipped with a shut-off valve 2, a filter 11, a high-pressure plunger pump 12, an electric ball valve 14, a pressure relief valve 13 and a pressure gauge 4. The pressure of the high-pressure plunger pump 12 is adjustable, and the electric ball valve 14 has an automatic opening and closing function, which makes the high-speed water jet entering the multi-functional nozzle 15 produce a pulse effect.

[0039] A fixed workbench 17 is located in the center of the water tank 18. The metal part to be processed is fixed on the upper surface of the workbench 17. Directly above the workbench 17 is a multi-functional nozzle 15, with its inlet at the top and outlet at the bottom, facing the metal part to be processed on the upper surface of the workbench 17. A movable support 16 is fixedly installed outside the water tank 18. The movable support 16 is connected to the multi-functional nozzle 15, specifically to the outer wall 20 of the outer nozzle of the multi-functional nozzle 15. It is used to adjust the axial distance between the inner nozzle outlet 32 ​​and the outer nozzle outlet 33, thereby achieving the purpose of vertical movement at the high and low speed jet shearing point and changing the position of the large number of cavitation bubbles generated by shearing when they collapse.

[0040] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the multifunctional nozzle 15 includes an oscillating pipe device 101, an artificial submersible nozzle 102, two magnet controllers, and a telescopic hose 19. The two magnet controllers are magnet controller one 36 and magnet controller two 37. The artificial submersible nozzle 102 includes an inner nozzle 204 and an outer nozzle 205. The inner nozzle 204 is located in the center inside the outer nozzle 205. Both the inner nozzle 204 and the outer nozzle 205 are cylindrical cavities and their outlet sections are gradually narrowing-sudden expansion type nozzle outlets. They are coaxially arranged. The outer nozzle 205 cavity encloses the entire inner nozzle 204. This type of nozzle has the most outstanding cavitation performance, with stronger shearing action between high-speed and low-speed water, which can form high-quality vortex core cavitation. The outer nozzle 205 has three through holes at its top: a central through hole and two through holes symmetrically arranged along the central through hole. The diameter of the inner nozzle inlet 21 of the inner nozzle 204 is the same as the central through hole at the top of the outer nozzle 205 to ensure precise connection. The central through hole at the top of the outer nozzle 205 is also the inner nozzle inlet 21. The inner nozzle inlet 21 is connected to the outlet of the high-pressure pipeline. When high-speed water and low-speed water are ejected from the nozzle, the two water streams will meet and generate a violent shearing action. The change in velocity gradient causes a change in local pressure, making the local pressure lower than the saturated vapor pressure of the surrounding environment, thus generating cavitation. The micro-jet shock wave generated by the collapse of cavitation bubbles impacts the metal surface to achieve the purpose of strengthening.

[0041] An oscillating pipe device 101 is installed directly above the artificial submersible nozzle 102. The oscillating pipe device 101 consists of a three-way pipe 201, two straight pipes, and an iron cylinder 29. The two straight pipes are straight pipe one 202 and straight pipe two 203. Straight pipe one 202 and straight pipe two 203 respectively mate with two through holes symmetrically arranged along the central through hole at the top of the outer nozzle 205. That is, straight pipe one 202 and straight pipe two 203 are symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the outer nozzle 205 and extend into the interior of the outer nozzle 205 from the corresponding through holes at the top of the outer nozzle 205. Straight pipe one 202 and straight pipe two 203 have the same structure and each has two water inlets. One water inlet of straight pipe one 202 is the inlet 27 of the oscillating pipe device. The top of straight pipe one 202 is connected to the outlet of the first low-pressure pipeline I, through which low-pressure water is introduced. One inlet of straight pipe 203 is inlet 28 of the oscillating pipe device. The top of straight pipe 203 connects to the outlet of the second low-pressure pipe II, which also supplies low-pressure water. The outlet of straight pipe 102 is outlet 30 of the oscillating pipe device, and the outlet of straight pipe 203 is outlet 31 of the oscillating pipe device, precisely corresponding to two through holes symmetrically arranged along the central through hole at the top of the outer nozzle 205. The diameter of the two through holes at the top of the outer nozzle 205 is larger than the diameter of outlet 30 and outlet 31 of the oscillating pipe device. Straight pipes 202 and 203 are movably connected to the two corresponding through holes at the top, allowing the artificial submersion nozzle 102 to move up and down under the action of the telescopic hose 19. During this movement, outlets 30 and 31 of straight pipes 202 and 203 remain within the outer nozzle 205.

[0042] The tee pipe 201 is a three-way cavity pipe. The top of the upper pipe of the tee pipe 201 is the inlet 3 26 of the oscillating pipe device, which connects to the outlet of the third low-pressure pipe III and also supplies low-pressure water. The two lower pipes of the tee pipe 201 are V-shaped and extend obliquely downwards, so that the outlets of the two lower pipes are respectively connected to the side walls of straight pipe 1 202 and straight pipe 203, and communicate with straight pipe 1 202 and straight pipe 203. At the middle intersection of the tee pipe 201, there are two rectangular limiting grooves 35. The two ends of the horizontally arranged iron cylinder 29 are each stuck in one of the rectangular limiting grooves 35, so that the iron cylinder 29 is horizontally across the middle intersection, and the two lower pipes of the tee pipe 201 are located on the radial sides of the iron cylinder 29. The width of the rectangular limiting groove 35 is slightly larger than the diameter of the iron cylinder 29. The distance between the tops of the two rectangular limiting grooves 35 is less than the axial length of the iron cylinder 29. The distance between the bottoms of the two rectangular limiting grooves 35 is slightly larger than the axial length of the iron cylinder 29. The length direction of the rectangular limiting groove 35 is perpendicular to the water flow direction of the inlet 26 of the oscillating pipe device. The iron cylinder 29 can move along the length direction in the two rectangular limiting grooves 35 and move back and forth between the two lower pipes of the tee pipe 201, thereby moving away from or closer to the inlet of the two lower pipes of the tee pipe 201.

[0043] like Figure 4 As shown, the two ends of the iron cylinder 29 are magnets, with S and N poles respectively.

[0044] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, two identical magnet controllers are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the intersection of the three-way pipes 201. The two magnet controllers are magnet controller 36 and magnet controller 37. Both magnet controllers 36 and 37 are fixed to the outer wall of the intersection of the three-way pipes 201 by fixing strips. Magnet controllers 36 and 37 are symmetrically arranged relative to the intersection of the three-way pipes 201, located directly opposite each other at both ends of the iron cylinder 29. Magnet controller 36 includes a strong N-pole magnet 302 and a linear guide module 303, with the N-pole magnet 302 connected to the linear guide module 303. Magnet controller 37 includes a strong S-pole magnet 301 and another linear guide module 303, with the S-pole magnet 301 connected to the other linear guide module 303. The two linear guide modules 303 have identical structures. The N-pole strong magnet 302 of magnet controller 1 36 is aligned with the S-pole of the iron cylinder 29, and the S-pole strong magnet 301 of magnet controller 2 37 is aligned with the N-pole of the iron cylinder 29. This allows the two magnet controllers 6 outside the three-way pipe 201 to act on the iron cylinder 29 inside the three-way pipe 201, ensuring that the axis of the iron cylinder 29 is always perpendicular to the bottom of the rectangular limiting grooves 35 on both sides. The guide rail lengths of the two linear guide rail modules 303 are parallel to the lengths of the rectangular limiting grooves 35 on both sides. The two linear guide rail modules 303 work simultaneously, driving the S-pole strong magnet 301 and the N-pole strong magnet 302 to move simultaneously along the guide rails, thereby causing the iron cylinder 29 to move back and forth synchronously. Therefore, when the shut-off valves 2 on the first low-pressure pipeline I and the second low-pressure pipeline II are closed, and the third low-pressure pipeline III is opened, when the iron cylinder 29 moves back and forth on the rectangular limiting grooves 35 on both sides under the action of magnetism, the water flow in the two lower pipes of the three-way pipe 201 is different, causing the low-speed water jet to enter the outer nozzle 205 unbalancedly, thereby generating an oscillating water jet.

[0045] The upper end of the telescopic hose 19 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of straight pipe 1 202 and straight pipe 2 203, and the lower end of the telescopic hose 19 is fixedly connected to the outer wall 20 of the artificial submersion nozzle 102. It is used to connect the oscillating pipeline device 101 and the artificial submersion nozzle 102. When the telescopic hose 19 extends or retracts, it causes straight pipe 1 202, straight pipe 2 203 and artificial submersion nozzle 102 to move up and down relative to each other.

[0046] The following are four embodiments of the processing method of the present invention:

[0047] Example 1:

[0048] like Figure 1-7 as well as Figure 8 , Figure 9As shown, when high-strength strengthening or punching of the metal parts to be processed is required, the shut-off valve 2 and electric ball valve 9 on the first low-pressure pipeline I and the second low-pressure pipeline II are both opened, and the centrifugal pump 3 is energized and turned on. The water storage tank 1 provides low-pressure water to the first low-pressure pipeline I and the second low-pressure pipeline II. The low-pressure water is measured by the pressure gauge 4 to obtain the required initial pressure and is ensured to be within the safe pressure range. The high-pressure pipeline provides medium water to the water storage tank 10. At this time, the shut-off valve 2, the high-pressure plunger pump 12, and the electric ball valve 14 on the high-pressure pipeline are opened simultaneously. The medium water is pressurized by the high-pressure plunger pump 12 and the required initial water pressure is measured by the pressure gauge 4 on the high-pressure pipeline and is ensured to be within the safe pressure range. If the pressure exceeds the safe value, the pressure relief valve 13 is activated to reduce the water pressure. Low-pressure water enters the inlet 27 of the oscillating pipe device via the first low-pressure pipe I, then flows through the straight pipe 202, the outlet 30 of the oscillating pipe device, and the inlet 25 of the external nozzle into the external nozzle 205, and is then ejected from the outlet 33 of the external nozzle. Simultaneously, low-pressure water enters the inlet 28 of the oscillating pipe device via the second low-pressure pipe II, then flows through the straight pipe 203, the outlet 31 of the oscillating pipe device, and the inlet 24 of the external nozzle into the external nozzle 205, and is then ejected from the outlet 33 of the external nozzle. High-pressure water flows through the high-pressure pipe into the inlet 21 of the internal nozzle, then through the internal nozzle 204 into the throat 22 at its bottom. The high-pressure water is ejected at the outlet 23 of the internal nozzle at extremely high speed, reaching below the saturated vapor pressure where cavitation occurs, forming a cavitated water jet. The cavitated water jet and the low-speed water undergo shearing action at the shear point 23 between the high-speed and low-speed water. The enhancement effect of the normal cavitated water jet and the low-speed water is as follows: Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9 The outline of B in the middle is a schematic line representing the shearing action of high-speed water and low-speed water.

[0049] When performing high-strength strengthening or punching on the metal parts to be machined, it is necessary to adjust the frequency converter 8 corresponding to the centrifugal pump 3 on the low-pressure pipelines I and II to control the speed of the centrifugal pump 3 on the two pipelines. At this time, it is necessary to increase the speed of the centrifugal pump 3 to increase the initial water pressure of the medium entering the external nozzle inlet 1 25 and external nozzle inlet 24. This will cause the low-speed water ejected from the external nozzle outlet 33 to contract the high-speed cavitation water jet ejected from the internal nozzle outlet 32. Furthermore, the internal cavitation water jet will develop, grow, and collapse, and the stroke will be shortened. Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 The outline of the middle A is a schematic line of the shearing of high-speed water and low-speed water. At this time, the impact force of the cavitation water jet is more concentrated at one point, and the energy area of ​​the micro-jet generated when the cavitation bubble 34 collapses is also more concentrated, so as to achieve the required high-strength strengthening or punching of the metal parts to be processed.

[0050] Example 2:

[0051] like Figure 1-7 as well as Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 As shown, when large-area machining and cleaning of the metal parts to be processed are required, the shut-off valve 2 and electric ball valve 9 on the first low-pressure pipeline I and the first low-pressure pipeline II are opened, the centrifugal pump 3 is energized and turned on, and the water storage tank 1 provides low-pressure water to the first low-pressure pipeline I and the first low-pressure pipeline II. The low-pressure water is measured by the pressure gauge 4 to obtain the required initial water pressure and is ensured to be within the safe pressure range. The high-pressure pipeline provides medium water to the water storage tank 10. At this time, the shut-off valve 2, high-pressure plunger pump 12 and electric ball valve 14 on the high-pressure pipeline are opened. After the medium water is pressurized by the high-pressure plunger pump 12, the required initial water pressure is measured by the pressure gauge 4 on the high-pressure pipeline and is ensured to be within the safe pressure range. If the pressure exceeds the safe value, the pressure relief valve 13 needs to be adjusted to reduce the water pressure. Low-pressure water and high-pressure water pass through their respective pipelines. Low-pressure water enters the outer nozzle 205 and is then ejected from the outer nozzle outlet 32. High-pressure water enters the inner nozzle 204 and is then ejected at extremely high speed from the inner nozzle outlet 33 after passing through the throat 22, forming a cavitation water jet below the saturated vapor pressure at which cavitation occurs. The cavitation water jet and the low-speed water undergo shearing action at the shear point 23 between the high-speed and low-speed water. The enhancement effect of the normal cavitation water jet and the low-speed water is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 The outline of line A in the middle is a schematic line representing the shearing action of high-speed water and low-speed water.

[0052] For large-area machining and cleaning of metal parts, the vertical position of the outer wall 20 of the outer nozzle connected to the movable bracket 16 needs to be adjusted, and the axial distance between the inner nozzle outlet 32 ​​and the outer nozzle outlet 33 further adjusted. Note that the inner nozzle outlet 33 must not extend beyond the outer nozzle outlet 32. Changes in the retraction distance affect the focusing of the high-speed water jet. When the inner nozzle outlet is a certain distance from the outer nozzle outlet, the water jet focusing is good; in this case, the device can be used for large-area high-strength machining of metal surfaces and for machining metal foil. When the inner nozzle outlet and the low-speed outlet are aligned, the water jet focusing deteriorates; in this case, the device can be used for low-strength machining of metal surfaces and for cleaning metal surfaces. When the axial distance between the inner nozzle outlet 32 ​​and the outer nozzle outlet 33 is 0, ... Figure 10 As shown, Figure 10 The C-shaped outline is a schematic line of the shearing between high-speed and low-speed water. At this time, the cavitation water jet under the low-speed water disperses. The cavitation water jet has a large range of cavitation bubble development, growth and collapse. The shock wave generated by the water jet and the micro-jet energy generated by the collapse of the cavitation bubble have a large effect on the metal part to be processed, thereby realizing large-area processing and large-area cleaning of the metal part to be processed.

[0053] Example 3:

[0054] like Figure 1-7 as well as Figure 11 As shown, Figure 11The D-line is a schematic diagram of the shearing action between high-speed and low-speed water. This is used when the metal part to be processed needs oscillating sweeping strengthening and large-area strengthening. Magnet controller 1 (36) and magnet controller 2 (37) are turned on, controlling the N-pole strong magnet 302 and S-pole strong magnet 301 to move back and forth in a cyclical manner to control the iron cylinder 29 to move back and forth on the two side limit grooves 35. The shut-off valve 2, centrifugal pump 3, and electric ball valve 9 on the first low-pressure pipeline I and the second low-pressure pipeline II are closed. The third low-pressure pipeline III is opened, the shut-off valve 2 on the third low-pressure pipeline III is opened, the centrifugal pump 3 is energized and turned on, and the electric ball valve 9 is opened. The water tank 1 provides low-pressure water to the third low-pressure pipeline III. The low-pressure water is measured by pressure gauge 4 to obtain the required initial water pressure and ensured to be within the safe pressure range. The high-pressure pipeline supplies medium water to the water storage tank 10. At this time, the shut-off valve 2, high-pressure plunger pump 12, and electric ball valve 14 on the high-pressure pipeline are opened. After the medium water is pressurized by the high-pressure plunger pump 12, the initial water pressure needs to be measured by the pressure gauge 4 on the high-pressure pipeline and ensured to be within the safe pressure range. If the pressure exceeds the safe value, the pressure relief valve 13 needs to be adjusted to reduce the water pressure. The high-pressure water enters through the nozzle 204 in the high-pressure pipeline, and then passes through the throat 22. The high-pressure water is ejected at an extremely high speed at the nozzle outlet 32, reaching below the saturated vapor pressure where cavitation occurs, forming a cavitation water jet. The low-pressure water on the third low-pressure pipeline III is connected to the inlet 26 of the oscillating pipeline device. After the low-pressure water comes into contact with the iron cylinder 29 that moves back and forth in a cycle, it oscillates, causing the low-pressure water to flow unbalancedly to the outlets 30 and 31 of the oscillating pipeline device. Since the outlets 30 and 31 are connected to the inlets 25 and 24 of the external nozzles, the low-speed water jet at the outlet 33 of the external nozzle oscillates unbalancedly. The unbalanced oscillation of the low-speed water jet causes the cavitation water jet ejected from the outlet 32 ​​of the high-speed nozzle to also oscillate left and right. Therefore, the position where the cavitation water jet and the low-speed water undergo shearing action at the shear point 23 between the high-speed water and the low-speed water also oscillates left and right. The area where cavitation bubbles develop, grow, and collapse inside the cavitation water jet also changes in real time, so the range of energy coverage of the microjet generated when it collapses is larger. The above-described method achieves oscillatory sweeping strengthening and large-scale strengthening of the metal parts to be processed, and the continuous oscillation of the water jet can produce a strong mixing effect.

[0055] Example 4:

[0056] like Figure 12 As shown, Figure 12The outline of line E in the middle represents the shear line where high-speed water and low-speed water intersect. This is used when pulse strengthening is required on the surface of the metal part to be processed. The shut-off valve 2 and electric ball valve 9 on the first low-pressure pipeline I and the second low-pressure pipeline II are opened, and the centrifugal pump 3 is energized. The water tank 1 provides low-pressure water to the low-pressure pipelines I and II. The initial water pressure is measured by pressure gauge 4 and ensured to be within the safe pressure range. The high-pressure pipeline is supplied with medium water by the water tank 10. At this time, the shut-off valve 2, high-pressure plunger pump 12, and electric ball valve 14 are opened. After the medium water is pressurized by the high-pressure plunger pump 12, the initial water pressure is measured by pressure gauge 4 on the high-pressure pipeline and ensured to be within the safe pressure range. If the pressure exceeds the safe value, the pressure relief valve 13 needs to be adjusted to lower the water pressure. Low-pressure water and high-pressure water are discharged from their respective pipelines. Low-pressure water is discharged from the outer nozzle outlet 33, and high-pressure water is discharged from the inner nozzle outlet 33. They reach below the saturated vapor pressure at which cavitation occurs to form a cavitation water jet. The cavitation water jet and the low-speed water undergo shearing action at the shear point 23 between the high-speed water and the low-speed water. To perform pulse strengthening on the metal part to be processed, the high-speed water jet needs to be switched on and off. The high-pressure pipeline is equipped with an electric ball valve 14. Under normal strengthening conditions, the electric ball valve 14 is normally open. To achieve the pulse strengthening effect, the electric ball valve 14 automatically opens and closes cyclically within a set time interval. The medium water enters the inner nozzle 204 in segments. The medium water entering through the inner nozzle inlet 21 is segmented. The medium water accelerates through the throat 22 to achieve cavitation conditions, meaning the local pressure reaches below the saturated vapor pressure. The segmented cavitated water jet is then ejected from the high-speed inner nozzle outlet 32 ​​and shears against the low-speed water. The development, growth, and collapse of cavitation bubbles within the cavitation water jet are also segmented. The micro-jet energy generated by the collapse of cavitation bubbles acts segmentally on the surface of the metal part to be processed. This process achieves pulse strengthening of the metal part to be processed. Pulse strengthening is a high-quality strengthening method. Pulse strengthening is a flexible impact that does not produce a thermal effect, resulting in a smooth metal surface after strengthening.

[0057] Example 5:

[0058] 304 stainless steel is used to make steel pipes. Ordinary 304 stainless steel has a hardness of 210HV, a tensile strength of 515MPa, a yield strength of 205MPa, and a density of 7.93g / cm³. -3A rectangular sheet measuring 1000mm × 400mm × 5mm is selected to form a circular steel pipe with a circumference of approximately 40mm. Initial treatment of the rectangular sheet is required, including surface cleaning, surface strengthening, and punching. The rectangular sheet is fixed to the worktable 17 using a clamp. The first step involves surface cleaning and low-strength surface strengthening of the rectangular sheet. The distance between the worktable 17 and the nozzle is adjusted to achieve the optimal target distance in Example 2. The entire device performs the actions described in Example 2 to further realize the preliminary process of surface cleaning and low-strength surface strengthening of the rectangular sheet. After preliminary cleaning and low-strength strengthening on both sides of the rectangular sheet, it is cut using the punching process to cut it into rectangular sheets with dimensions of 1000mm × 40mm × 5mm to be formed into circular steel pipes. To achieve the cutting process described above, the device can be easily adjusted from the state described in Example 2 to the state described in Example 1. The target distance is adjusted, the cuboid sheet is fixed in place by the clamp, and the platform moves at a very slow speed. The entire device is then adjusted to the state described in Example 1 for cutting the cuboid sheet. After the above steps, the cuboid sheet is cut into 40mm wide cuboid sheets by the high-speed water jet ejected from the nozzle and the micro-jet energy generated by cavitation collapse. After the above processing, the initial cuboid sheet is cut into 10 40mm wide cuboid sheets. These 10 40mm wide cuboid sheets need to be fully strengthened. The 40mm wide cuboid sheets are fixed in place, the target distance is adjusted, and the device is adjusted from the state described in Example 1 to the state described in Example 4 to perform pulse strengthening on the 40mm wide cuboid sheets. This achieves high-quality strengthening of 304 stainless steel. Pulse strengthening is a flexible impact that does not produce a thermal effect, and the strengthened metal surface is smooth. The above description enables arbitrary switching between different processing methods for different processing types under the same device, realizing the application of the multifunctional composite processing method of the present invention, and enabling arbitrary switching between different processing methods for different processing types under the same device.

Claims

1. A multifunctional composite processing device for cavitation water jet, characterized in that: It has a multi-functional nozzle (15), and a fixed workbench (17) is set in the middle of the water tank (18). The metal part to be processed is fixed on the upper surface of the workbench (17). The multi-functional nozzle (15) is directly above the workbench (17). The multi-functional nozzle (15) includes an oscillating pipe device (101), an artificial submersion nozzle (102), two magnet controllers, and a telescopic hose (19). The artificial submersion nozzle (102) includes an inner nozzle (204) and an outer nozzle (205). The inner nozzle (204) is located in the middle inside the outer nozzle (205). The oscillating pipe device (101) is set directly above the artificial submersion nozzle (102). The device (101) consists of a three-way pipe (201), two straight pipes, and an iron cylinder (29). Straight pipe one (202) and straight pipe two (203) are symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the outer nozzle (205) and extend into the outer nozzle (205) from corresponding through holes at the top of the outer nozzle (205). The top of straight pipe one (202) is connected to the outlet of the first low-pressure pipeline, and the top of straight pipe two (203) is connected to the outlet of the second low-pressure pipeline. The top of the upper pipe of the three-way pipe (201) is connected to the outlet of the third low-pressure pipeline, and the outlets of the two lower pipes of the three-way pipe (201) are respectively connected to the side walls of straight pipe one (202) and straight pipe two (203). The cylinder (29) is horizontally positioned at the intersection of the three-way pipe (201). The two lower pipes of the three-way pipe (201) are located on the radial sides of the iron cylinder (29). The two ends of the iron cylinder (29) are S-pole and N-pole magnets, respectively. Two magnet controllers are fixedly connected to the outer wall at the intersection of the three-way pipe (201). Magnet controller one (36) contains a strong N-pole magnet (302) which is directly opposite the S-pole magnet end of the iron cylinder (29). Magnet controller two (37) contains a strong S-pole magnet (301) which is directly opposite the N-pole magnet end of the iron cylinder (29). Each magnet controller is driven by a linear guide module (303). The device moves back and forth between the inlets of the two lower pipes of the three-way pipe (201); each low-pressure pipe is connected between the first water storage tank (1) and the multi-functional nozzle (15) through a low-pressure pipe, and each low-pressure pipe is equipped with a shut-off valve (2), a centrifugal pump (3), an electric ball valve (9) and a pressure gauge (4), and each centrifugal pump (3) is connected to a frequency converter (8); the top inlet of the inner nozzle (204) is connected to the high-pressure pipe, which supplies medium water from the second water storage tank (10), and is equipped with another shut-off valve (2), a filter (11), a high-pressure plunger pump (12), another electric ball valve (9), a pressure relief valve (13) and another pressure gauge (4);The upper end of the telescopic hose (19) is fixedly connected to the outer walls of straight pipe one (202) and straight pipe two (203), and the lower end is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the artificial submersion nozzle (102). When the telescopic hose (19) extends or retracts, it drives straight pipe one (202) and straight pipe two (203) to move relative to the artificial submersion nozzle (102). A movable bracket (16) is fixedly installed on the outside of the water tank (18). The movable bracket (16) is connected to the outer wall of the multi-functional nozzle (15) to adjust the axial distance between the inner nozzle outlet (32) and the outer nozzle outlet (33).

2. The cavitation water jet multifunctional composite processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two rectangular limiting grooves (35) are provided at the middle intersection of the tee pipe (201). Each end of the iron cylinder (29) is locked in one of the rectangular limiting grooves (35). The width of the rectangular limiting grooves (35) is greater than the diameter of the iron cylinder (29). The distance between the tops of the two rectangular limiting grooves (35) is less than the axial length of the iron cylinder (29). The distance between the bottoms of the two rectangular limiting grooves (35) is greater than the axial length of the iron cylinder (29). The length direction of the rectangular limiting grooves (35) is perpendicular to the water flow direction of the tee pipe (201). The iron cylinder (29) can move along the length direction in the two rectangular limiting grooves (35) to move away from or close to the inlets of the two lower pipes of the tee pipe (201).

3. The cavitation water jet multifunctional composite processing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The centrifugal pump (3) on the first and second low-pressure pipelines has a power of 1.5kw, and the centrifugal pump (3) on the third low-pressure pipeline has a power of 3kw.

4. The cavitation water jet multifunctional composite processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two lower pipes of the tee (201) are V-shaped and extend diagonally downwards.

5. A processing method for the cavitation water jet multifunctional composite processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1): The shut-off valve (2), centrifugal pump (3), and electric ball valve (9) on the first and second low-pressure pipelines are all opened. Low-pressure water enters the outer nozzle (205) through the first and second low-pressure pipelines and is sprayed out from the outlet (33) of the outer nozzle. At the same time, the shut-off valve (2), high-pressure plunger pump (12), and electric ball valve (9) on the high-pressure pipeline are all opened. High-pressure water enters the inner nozzle (204) through the high-pressure pipeline and is sprayed out from the outlet (32) of the inner nozzle. High-speed water and low-speed water intersect and shear. Step 2): Adjust the frequency converter (8) on the first and second low-pressure pipelines, increase the speed of the centrifugal pump (3), increase the initial water pressure entering the outer nozzle (205), and cause the low-speed water jet ejected from the outer nozzle outlet (33) to shrink the high-speed cavitation water jet ejected from the inner nozzle outlet (32). The impact force of the cavitation water jet is more concentrated at one point, which strengthens or punches the metal parts to be processed.

6. The processing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Step 2) is replaced by: the electric ball valve (9) on the high-pressure pipeline opens and closes in a cycle within a set time, and the medium water enters the inner nozzle (204) in segments. When it is ejected from the inner nozzle outlet (32), the local pressure reaches below the saturated vapor pressure. The cavitation water jet is ejected from the inner nozzle outlet (32) in segments and shears with the low-speed water to perform pulse strengthening on the metal parts to be processed.

7. The processing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Step 2) is replaced by: adjusting the axial distance between the inner nozzle outlet (32) and the outer nozzle outlet (33) to change the concentration of the high-speed water jet and process the metal parts to be processed over a large area.

8. The processing method according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the axial distance between the inner nozzle outlet (32) and the outer nozzle outlet (33) is 0, the metal parts to be processed are cleaned over a large area.

9. A processing method for the cavitation water jet multifunctional composite processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step A): The linear guide module (303) controls the N-pole strong magnet (302) and the S-pole strong magnet (301) to move back and forth in a cyclical manner, and the iron cylinder (29) moves back and forth; Step B): The shut-off valve (2), centrifugal pump (3), and electric ball valve (9) on the first and second low-pressure pipelines are all closed, and the third low-pressure pipeline and high-pressure pipeline are all opened. The low-pressure water oscillates after contacting the back-and-forth moving iron cylinder (29). The high-pressure water enters the inner nozzle (204) through the high-pressure pipeline and is ejected from the inner nozzle outlet (32). The low-speed water jet oscillation causes the cavitation water jet ejected from the inner nozzle outlet (32) to have an unbalanced swing. The metal parts to be processed are subjected to oscillating sweeping strengthening and large-scale strengthening.

10. The processing method according to any one of claims 5-9, characterized in that: The medium water in the high-pressure pipeline is pressurized by the high-pressure plunger pump (12) and the initial water pressure is measured by the pressure gauge (4). If the pressure exceeds the safe value, the pressure relief valve (13) will reduce the water pressure.

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