Network-cluster-house optimal scheduling method considering backup provided by power generation and consumption users

Abstract

The present application relates to the network-group-house optimization scheduling method considering the backup provided by power generation and consumption users, establishes the double-layer game optimization model of distribution network-power generation and consumption user group and power generation and consumption user group-power generation and consumption user, the upper layer of double-layer game optimization model is the master-slave game model of distribution network and power generation and consumption user group, and the distribution network takes the optimal operation efficiency as the target, formulates the purchase price and the price of upper and lower backup to guide the power generation and consumption user group to optimize the power generation and consumption user resources, and the lower layer of double-layer game optimization model is the master-slave game model of power generation and consumption user group and power generation and consumption user, and the power generation and consumption user group formulates the purchase price and the price of upper and lower backup to stimulate each power generation and consumption user to adjust the charging and discharging strategy of self energy storage and the electricity and backup capacity traded with power generation and consumption user group.The present application finally makes each subject reach the maximum operation efficiency by constructing the double-layer game optimization model, and realizes the reasonable distribution and scheduling of flexible backup resources in power system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the field of power system optimization control, and particularly relates to a network-group-house optimization scheduling method considering the backup provided by power generation and consumption users. BACKGROUND

[0002] For a power system, constructing a new power system mainly based on new energy is an important measure to support the "double carbon" goal. Increasing the proportion of new energy and replacing traditional fossil fuels with new energy can make the high-carbon power system develop towards a low-carbon or even zero-carbon direction. However, due to the randomness and volatility of new energy output, it is difficult to predict the output, and therefore the large-scale access of new energy will inevitably lead to difficulty in balancing the power in the power system. In order to smooth the possible imbalance between power generation and consumption, a certain amount of backup capacity needs to be configured in the power system. Due to the uncertainty and limited predictability of new energy, the demand for backup capacity in the power grid is increasing, and therefore more rotating backup needs to be involved in the regulation process to ensure the balance between source and load and reduce curtailment of wind and light.

[0003] The widespread use of distributed power sources such as photovoltaic and energy storage at the load side has prompted traditional passive energy consumption users to transform into "source-load" dual-attribute generation and consumption users. Generation and consumption users have characteristics such as environmental protection and flexibility. The backup provided by generation and consumption users makes the system have flexible backup resources at the load side in addition to backup resources such as traditional thermal power units and gas turbines at the power generation side. Multiple types of backup can more effectively cope with supply and demand imbalance and improve the reliability of system operation. Adding generation and consumption users to the backup resources of the system also enables power companies to avoid adding new units due to insufficient backup of traditional units, reduces investment costs, and improves the overall operation efficiency of the system. In addition, generation and consumption users can choose time periods for power sales and backup provision by adjusting the charging and discharging strategy of their own energy storage, avoid expensive electricity prices during peak load periods, and obtain certain benefits, thereby improving the operation efficiency of the users themselves.

[0004] Therefore, under the background of the great increase in the demand for backup in the new power system mainly based on new energy, it is of great significance to study the participation of generation and consumption users as market subjects in the electricity market and the backup market to provide flexible backup resources for the system. SUMMARY

[0005] The technical problem of the present application is that the large number of wind, light and other new energy access leads to the great enhancement of the uncertainty and uncontrollability of the power supply side, on the one hand, the uncertainty of a large number of new energy and conventional load access in the distribution network generates corresponding standby demand, on the other hand, the uncertainty of the output of the power generation and consumption user and the load fluctuation of the power generation and consumption user also exist certain standby demand due to the configuration of photovoltaic. If the standby in the system is insufficient, it may lead to the phenomenon of load shedding or wind and light abandonment, therefore, in order to ensure power balance, the demand of the system for standby capacity greatly increases, and the standby pressure of the upper power grid also increases. The reasonable reservation and scheduling of standby directly affect the economy and stability of the power system operation, in the case of great increase of the system standby demand, the cost brought by the method of increasing the standby capacity by adding power supply side units is very large.

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to solve the above problems, provide a network-group-house optimization scheduling method considering the standby provided by the power generation and consumption user, tap the potential of the standby provided by the load side power generation and consumption user containing roof photovoltaic and energy storage, further aggregate the dispersed power generation and consumption user resources through the power generation and consumption user group to form the structure of "network-group-house" to jointly participate in the electricity market and standby market, realize the optimal scheduling of electricity and standby, not only relieve the standby pressure of the upper power grid, improve the operation efficiency of the system, but also increase the economic benefits of the power generation and consumption user and the power generation and consumption user group. A double-layer game optimization model of distribution network-power generation and consumption user group and power generation and consumption user group-power generation and consumption user is established, the upper layer of the double-layer game optimization model is the master-slave game model of distribution network and power generation and consumption user group, the distribution network takes the optimal operation efficiency as the target, formulates the purchase price and the price of upper and lower standby to guide the power generation and consumption user group to optimize the power generation and consumption user resources, the lower layer of the double-layer game optimization model is the master-slave game model of power generation and consumption user group and power generation and consumption user, the power generation and consumption user group formulates the purchase price and the price of upper and lower standby to stimulate each power generation and consumption user to adjust the charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage and the electricity and standby capacity traded with the power generation and consumption user group.

[0007] The technical scheme of the present application is a network-group-house optimization scheduling method considering the standby provided by the power generation and consumption user, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1, considering the new energy and conventional load access in the distribution network, respectively acquiring the corresponding new energy predicted output curve and load power consumption curve, calculating the net load curve according to the output curve and load power consumption curve, and obtaining the required upper and lower standby capacity of the whole distribution network through the net load curve;

[0009] S2, considering that the roof photovoltaic and load in the power generation and consumption user exist standby demand, respectively acquiring the corresponding photovoltaic predicted output curve and load power consumption curve, calculating the net load curve of the power generation and consumption user, and obtaining the required upper and lower standby capacity of the whole power generation and consumption user through the net load curve;

[0010] S3, the power distribution network formulates the electricity purchase price and the up and down reserve price for the production and consumption user group based on the electricity demand and the reserve demand of the power distribution network, and sends the electricity purchase price and the up and down reserve price to the production and consumption user group;

[0011] S4, the production and consumption user group formulates the electricity purchase price and the up and down reserve price for the production and consumption user based on the electricity purchase price and the up and down reserve price sent by the power distribution network, and determines the electricity and the reserve capacity traded with each production and consumption user, with the maximum efficiency of the production and consumption user group as the target;

[0012] S5, after receiving the electricity purchase price and the up and down reserve price from the production and consumption user group, the production and consumption user adjusts the charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage, and updates the electricity and the reserve capacity traded with the production and consumption user group, with the maximum efficiency of the production and consumption user as the target;

[0013] S6, the production and consumption user group transmits the aggregated electricity purchase / sale quantity and the reserve capacity data of the production and consumption user to the power distribution network, and the power distribution network updates the electricity purchase price and the up and down reserve price sent to the production and consumption user group again, so as to optimize the running efficiency of the power distribution network;

[0014] S7, the steps S4-S6 are repeated to perform dynamic closed-loop iteration, that is, double-layer game optimization, and finally the optimal scheduling strategy of the electricity and the reserve of the power distribution network, the production and consumption user group and the production and consumption user is obtained.

[0015] Further, in the step S3, the power distribution network is the leader in the upper master-slave game of the double-layer game optimization model, and adjusts the electricity purchase price and the up and down reserve price for the production and consumption user group to guide the production and consumption user group to optimize the aggregated production and consumption user resources, with the optimal running efficiency of the power distribution network as the target. When the power distribution network trades in the electricity and the reserve market, in addition to purchasing a certain amount of electricity and reserve from the upper power grid to meet the power supply task of the conventional load and the production and consumption user in the power distribution network and the reserve demand of the wind and light connected to the power distribution network, the power distribution network also trades the electricity and the reserve with multiple production and consumption user groups. In the process of market transaction, the comprehensive running cost of the power distribution network is composed of the cost of purchasing electricity and reserve from the upper power grid, the cost of purchasing electricity and reserve from the production and consumption user group, the operation and maintenance cost of the photovoltaic power station and the wind power plant in the power distribution network, and the income of selling electricity and reserve.

[0016] Further, in the step S4, the production and consumption user group is both the follower in the upper master-slave game of the double-layer game optimization model and the leader in the lower master-slave game of the double-layer game optimization model.

[0017] In the upper master-slave game, the production and consumption user group adjusts the electricity and the reserve capacity traded with the power distribution network in response to the price information given by the power distribution network, so that the running efficiency of each production and consumption user group is maximized. The electricity and the reserve capacity traded with the power distribution network also affect the running efficiency of the power distribution network, thereby affecting the adjustment of the price by the power distribution network.

[0018] In the lower-level master-slave game, the producer-consumer group as the leader, aiming at maximizing its own operation efficiency, formulates the purchase price of electricity and the price of upper and lower reserves for the producer-consumer, and encourages each producer-consumer to adjust the electricity and reserve capacity traded with the producer-consumer group.

[0019] The producer-consumer group as an intermediate link connecting the distribution network and the producer-consumer, obtains revenue by seeking price difference in the electricity market and the reserve market, and formulates the purchase price of electricity and the reserve price for the producer-consumer.

[0020] Further, in step S5, after receiving the price information issued by the producer-consumer group, the producer-consumer adjusts the charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage unit considering its own reserve demand, and updates the electricity and reserve capacity traded with the producer-consumer group aiming at maximizing its own efficiency.

[0021] In the lower-level master-slave game of the double-layer game optimization model, the producer-consumer as the follower adjusts the charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage unit and the proportion of traded electricity and traded reserve capacity based on the price information given by the producer-consumer group after considering its own cost and obtained return, so as to maximize its own efficiency, and transmits the electricity and reserve capacity transaction information to the producer-consumer group, which then updates and issues the price to the producer-consumer. This iteration is repeated until the optimal transaction price and electricity and reserve capacity transaction between the producer-consumer group and the producer-consumer are determined.

[0022] Further, in step S6, the producer-consumer group guides the producer-consumer to formulate the optimal charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage unit in the lower-level master-slave game, and transmits the aggregated electricity and reserve data of the producer-consumer to the distribution network; through the upper-level master-slave game, the distribution network further optimizes the electricity price and reserve price issued to the producer-consumer group, which in turn affects the result of the lower-level master-slave game, forming a closed-loop iterative optimization.

[0023] The system of the grid-group-house optimization scheduling method considering the reserve provided by the power producer-consumer includes a net load curve calculation module, a distribution network comprehensive cost module, a distribution network electricity price formulation module, a producer-consumer group electricity price formulation module, a producer-consumer decision module, and an electricity and reserve information transmission module.

[0024] The net load curve calculation module: obtains the new energy predicted output curve, the load electricity consumption curve in the distribution network, and the photovoltaic predicted output curve and the load electricity consumption curve of the producer-consumer, aggregates and calculates the corresponding net load curve from the output curve and the load electricity consumption curve, and determines the reserve capacity required by the distribution network and the producer-consumer according to the net load curve calculation.

[0025] The power distribution network comprehensive cost calculation module: based on the transaction process of the power distribution network purchasing power and backup from the upper-level power grid and the production and consumption user group and selling power and backup to the production and consumption user group, considering the cost of the transaction of the power distribution network with other market subjects, the operation and maintenance cost of the photovoltaic power station and the wind power plant in the power distribution network and the income of the power distribution network selling power and selling backup, a power distribution network comprehensive cost calculation model is established.

[0026] The power distribution network price setting module: based on the power and backup demand of the power distribution network, taking the minimum comprehensive operation cost of the power distribution network as the target, the power purchase price of the power distribution network for the production and consumption user group and the price of the upper and lower backup are set and issued to the production and consumption user group.

[0027] The production and consumption user group price setting module: according to the power purchase price and the price of the upper and lower backup issued to the production and consumption user group by the power distribution network, taking the maximum operation efficiency of the production and consumption user group as the target, the power purchase price and the price of the upper and lower backup are set and issued to the production and consumption user group, and the power and backup capacity traded with each production and consumption user is determined.

[0028] The production and consumption user decision module: after receiving the power purchase price and the price of the upper and lower backup of the production and consumption user group for the production and consumption user, taking the maximum operation efficiency of the production and consumption user as the target, the charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage is adjusted, and the power and backup capacity traded with the production and consumption user group is updated.

[0029] The power and backup information transmission module: after the production and consumption user determines the power and backup capacity traded with the production and consumption user group, the power and backup capacity traded between the production and consumption user and the production and consumption user group is transmitted to the production and consumption user group, and the power purchase / sale capacity and backup capacity data of the aggregated production and consumption users of the production and consumption user group are transmitted to the power distribution network, so that the power distribution network can further update the power purchase price and the price of the upper and lower backup issued by itself to make the operation efficiency optimal.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application include:

[0031] 1) The method of the present application can guide the production and consumption user to adjust the optimal strategy of the charging and discharging of the energy storage to fully tap the flexibility backup potential of the production and consumption user, determine the transaction and clearing results of each subject participating in the electricity and backup market, and finally make each subject achieve the maximum operation efficiency, so as to realize the reasonable allocation and dispatching of the flexible backup resources in the power system.

[0032] 2) This invention solves the problems of limited individual resources of producers and consumers, difficulty in decentralized scheduling, and low participation enthusiasm. It introduces producers and consumers as aggregators of decentralized resources. By aggregating the decentralized electrical energy and backup resources of each producer and consumer, multiple producers and consumers can participate in the market efficiently and rationally arrange the system's scheduling plan.

[0033] 3) The system of the optimized scheduling method of the present invention addresses the problems of uncertainty and randomness in the output of photovoltaic power plants and wind farms, as well as the significantly increased uncertainty and uncontrollability on the power supply side of a high proportion of new energy power grids. It introduces users with photovoltaic and energy storage as market entities to participate in the power and reserve market, and also uses the resources on the load side as the system's reserve resources, increasing the diversity of the reserve market supply side. Multiple types of reserve resources can effectively cope with the power imbalance that may occur in the system and improve the reliability of power system operation. By leveraging the fast response of energy storage units at producers and consumers, these units can be used as backup resources, expanding the system's reserve capacity and enhancing its flexibility. Furthermore, by utilizing the dual "source-load" characteristics of producers and consumers to provide reserves to the distribution network, the backup pressure on the upstream grid can be reduced when backup demand increases significantly. This allows power companies to avoid adding new units due to insufficient traditional backup resources, reducing investment costs and improving the system's operational economy. The surplus resources of producers and consumers can participate in the electricity market and the backup market, creating new sources of profit. Users themselves can adjust their energy storage charging and discharging strategies to choose the right time to sell electricity and provide backup, generating income while avoiding high electricity prices during peak load periods, thus improving their own economic efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a two-layer game optimization model according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, the grid-group-user optimized scheduling method, which takes into account the backup provided by electricity producers and consumers, includes the following steps:

[0037] S1. Considering the new energy sources and conventional loads connected to the distribution network, obtain the corresponding new energy source power output curves and load power consumption curves respectively. Aggregate the two to form an equivalent net load curve. Calculate the upper and lower reserve capacity required by the entire distribution network through the net load curve.

[0038] S2, considering that both the roof photovoltaic and the load of the producer-consumer user have backup demand, the corresponding photovoltaic predicted output curve and the load power consumption curve are obtained respectively, and the two are aggregated to be equivalent to a net load curve, and the upper and lower backup capacities required by the whole producer-consumer user are obtained through the net load curve.

[0039] S3. The power distribution network formulates the power purchase price and the prices of the upper and lower backup based on the power consumption demand and the backup demand of itself and issues them to the producer-consumer user group, specifically including the following steps:

[0040] In the master-slave game model of the upper "network-group", the power distribution network as the leader adjusts and issues the power purchase price and the prices of the upper and lower backup for the optimal operation efficiency, and guides the producer-consumer user group to optimize the aggregated producer-consumer user resources. When the power distribution network trades in the energy and backup market, in addition to directly purchasing certain energy and backup from the upper-level power grid to take charge of the power supply task of the conventional load and the producer-consumer user in the power distribution network and the backup demand of the connected wind and light, the power distribution network also trades energy and backup with multiple producer-consumer user groups.

[0041] In the process of market transaction, the comprehensive operation cost of the power distribution network is composed of the cost of purchasing energy and backup from the upper-level power grid, the cost of purchasing energy and backup from the producer-consumer user group, the operation and maintenance cost of the photovoltaic power station and the wind farm in the power distribution network, and the revenue of selling energy and backup, the power distribution network formulates the power purchase price and the backup price for the optimal operation efficiency, and the objective function of the power distribution network is as follows:

[0042]

[0043] In the formula: is the total time period of the previous day, and the length of a single dispatch period is ; is the operation efficiency of the power distribution network; is the total cost of purchasing energy and backup by the power distribution network; , are the output powers of the photovoltaic power station and the wind farm in the time period; , are the operation and maintenance cost coefficients of the photovoltaic power station and the wind farm respectively; I is the number of photovoltaic power stations; J is the number of wind farms; is the revenue of the power distribution network.

[0044] The total cost expression of the power distribution network for purchasing energy and backup is as follows:

[0045]

[0046] In the formula: Electricity purchased by the distribution network from the superior power grid; , These refer to the upper and lower reserve capacities purchased by the distribution network from the upper-level power grid, respectively. for The electricity sales price of the upper-level power grid is determined here by dividing the peak, valley and normal periods according to the changes in all loads within the grid. , These are the prices for upper-level power grid sales of upper and lower reserves, respectively; the distribution network includes... Individual consumer groups, To the distribution network to the production and consumption user groups The cost of purchasing and storing electricity.

[0047] Distribution network to production and consumption user groups The cost expression for purchasing and storing electricity is:

[0048]

[0049] In the formula: For the consumer group During the period Electricity sold to the distribution network; , They are respectively prosumer-consumer user groups During the period The upper and lower reserve capacity sold to the distribution network; For the distribution network during the time period The set electricity purchase price; , For the distribution network in time periods The prices for upper and lower reserves are set.

[0050] The revenue generated by the distribution network from selling electricity and reserves to producers and consumers is as follows:

[0051]

[0052] In the formula The number of producer-consumer users in each producer-consumer user group; For producers and consumers During the period t Electricity purchased; , For each of the producer and consumer user groups Time period to producer-consumer users Upper and lower standby capacity for sale; For the consumer group The price at which electricity is sold to producers and consumers during specific time periods; the fixed time-of-use price of electricity in the distribution network. , are respectively the upper and lower reserve prices sold to the producers and consumers in the time period

[0053] The following constraints exist in the model:

[0054] The thermal units in the upper grid are subject to the unit output constraint when reserving the upper and lower reserve, which is expressed as:

[0055]

[0056] The ramping reserve provided by the unit also cannot exceed the ramping capability of the unit, which is expressed as:

[0057]

[0058]

[0059] In addition, considering that the reserve may be called, to further ensure that the maximum ramping power in the front and rear time periods does not exceed the ramping capability of the unit in the case where the reserve is called, the following constraints are also included:

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] In the formula: is the output of the thermal unit in the time period ; , are respectively the upper and lower limits of the output of the thermal unit ; , are respectively the maximum upward ramping capability and the maximum downward ramping capability of the thermal unit ; , are respectively the upper and lower rotational reserves provided by the thermal unit in the time period .

[0063] The power balance constraint in the distribution grid system:

[0064]

[0065] In the formula, is the number of thermal units in the upper grid, , are respectively the number of photovoltaic and wind power units connected to the distribution grid; is the output of the thermal unit in the time period ; ​for a photovoltaic power station predicted output in the time period ; for a wind farm predicted output in the time period ; for a producer-consumer group power sold to the distribution network in the time period ; total demand power of all loads in the distribution network.

[0066] Distribution network system reserve constraints:

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] wherein: , are respectively the upper and lower reserve capacities of the distribution network sold to the producer-consumer in the time period ; , are respectively the upper and lower reserve capacities of the distribution network required in the time period by the equivalent net load curve.

[0070] S4. The producer-consumer group formulates the electricity purchase price and the prices of the upper and lower reserves issued to the producer-consumers and determines the electricity and reserve capacity traded with each producer-consumer according to the price information issued by the distribution network, with the objective of maximizing its own efficiency, and specifically includes:

[0071] The producer-consumer group is both a follower in the upper "network-group" master-slave game model and a leader in the lower "group-household" master-slave game model. In the upper model, the producer-consumer group adjusts the electricity and reserve capacity traded with it in response to the price information given by the distribution network, so as to maximize the operating efficiency of each producer-consumer group, and at the same time, the electricity and reserve capacity traded by it will also affect the operating efficiency of the distribution network, thereby affecting the adjustment of the price by the distribution network; in the lower model, the producer-consumer group, as a leader, formulates the electricity purchase price and the prices of the upper and lower reserves in order to maximize its own operating efficiency, and encourages each producer-consumer to adjust the electricity and reserve capacity traded with it.

[0072] The producer-consumer group, as an intermediate link connecting the distribution network and the producer-consumers, obtains revenue by seeking price differences in the electricity market and the reserve market, and formulates the electricity purchase price and the reserve price issued to the producer-consumers with the objective of maximizing its own operating efficiency, and its objective function is as follows:

[0073]

[0074] ​wherein: is the revenue of the prosumers group The revenue from selling electricity and reserve to the distribution grid; is the cost of the prosumers group The cost of buying electricity and reserve from the prosumers group; is the difference between the above two, i.e. the operational efficiency of the prosumers group .

[0075] The revenue of the prosumers group is calculated as follows:

[0076]

[0077] wherein: is the revenue of the prosumers group The electricity sold to the distribution grid in the time period ; , is the reserve capacity sold to the distribution grid in the time period ; is the reserve capacity sold to the distribution grid in the time period ; is the electricity purchase price set by the distribution grid in the time period ; is the reserve price set by the distribution grid in the time period .

[0078] The cost of the prosumers group is calculated as follows:

[0079]

[0080]

[0081] wherein, is the number of prosumers in the prosumers group, is the return of the prosumers for selling electricity and reserve; is the electricity purchased by the prosumers group from the prosumers in the time period ; is the reserve capacity purchased by the prosumers group from the prosumers in the time period ; , is the reserve price set by the prosumers group in the time period ; n is the reserve price set by the prosumers group in the time period . ​​​​​​

[0082] S5. After receiving the price information from the group of producers and consumers, the producer and consumer considers its own backup demand and adjusts the charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage to maximize efficiency, and then updates the electricity and backup capacity traded with the group of producers and consumers, including:

[0083] In the lower master-slave game of the double-layer game optimization model, the producer and consumer as a follower adjusts the charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage unit and the proportion of traded electricity and backup capacity based on the price information given by the group of producers and consumers, considering its own cost and obtained return, to maximize the efficiency of the user itself, and transmits the trading information of electricity and backup capacity to the group of producers and consumers, which then updates the price given to the producers and consumers. Iteration, the optimal trading price and electricity and backup capacity between the group of producers and consumers and the producers and consumers are finally determined.

[0084] The objective function of the producer and consumer is as follows:

[0085]

[0086] In the formula: is the running efficiency of the producer and consumer ; is the return of the producer and consumer selling electricity and backup; is the cost of the producer and consumer purchasing electricity and backup; is the active power output of the rooftop photovoltaic of the producer and consumer in period ; is the unit active power output cost of the rooftop photovoltaic; , are the charging and discharging power of the energy storage of the producer and consumer in the day-ahead period ; is the charging and discharging cost of the energy storage.

[0087] The return calculation formula of the producer and consumer is as follows:

[0088]

[0089] The cost calculation formula of the producer and consumer purchasing electricity and backup is as follows:

[0090]

[0091] In the formula: is the electricity purchase amount of the producer and consumer in period ; , are the charging and discharging power of the energy storage of the producer and consumer In time period The upper and lower reserve capacity purchased by the user; The electricity purchase price for the user, the time-of-use electricity price; 、The price of upper and lower reserve purchased by the user respectively.

[0092] The following constraints exist when the user participates in the electricity market and the reserve market:

[0093] The user cannot purchase and sell electricity at the same time in the same time period:

[0094]

[0095] The user cannot purchase or sell reserve at the same time in the same time period:

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] Considering the power flow restriction, the user cannot purchase electricity and sell reserve at the same time in the same time period, otherwise the power flow of electricity and the power flow of reserve at the node corresponding to the user will be contradictory,

[0099]

[0100] The power balance constraint of the user:

[0101]

[0102] In the formula, The electricity purchase amount of the user In time period ; The predicted output of the user's roof photovoltaic In time period ; 、The charging and discharging power of the user's energy storage In the day-ahead time period ; The load demand power of the user In time period ; The electricity selling amount of the user In time period . The reserve constraint of the user:

[0103]

[0104]

[0105]

[0106] wherein: , respectively represent the up and down reserve capacity purchased by the producer-consumer user; , respectively represent the up and down reserve capacity provided by the energy storage of the producer-consumer user at time t; , , respectively represent the up and down reserve demand corresponding to the net load of the producer-consumer user; , respectively represent the up and down reserve capacity sold by the producer-consumer user to the group of producer-consumer users at time t. Charging and discharging plan constraints of the energy storage:

[0107]

[0108]

[0109]

[0110]

[0111]

[0112] wherein: and respectively represent the charging and discharging power of the energy storage of the producer-consumer user in the day-ahead; and respectively represent the maximum allowed charging and discharging power of the energy storage; and respectively represent the charging and discharging efficiency of the energy storage; is the charging and discharging state of the energy storage of the producer-consumer user at time t, taking 1 means discharging, and taking 0 means charging; is the remaining energy of the energy storage of the producer-consumer user after arranging the day-ahead charging and discharging plan at time t; and respectively represent the minimum and maximum values of the remaining energy of the energy storage;

[0113]

[0114]

[0115] ​​​​​​​​​​

[0116]

[0117]

[0118]

[0119] In the formula , Representing producer and consumer users respectively Energy storage The ability to adjust reserve capacity up or down at any time; for Real-time production and consumption users The energy storage reserve capacity status, where 1 indicates that the energy is provided for increased reserve and 0 indicates that the energy is provided for decreased reserve; For producers and consumers exist The remaining energy is always taken into account after comprehensively considering the energy storage charging and discharging plan and the reserve capacity.

[0120] S6. The producer-consumer user group transmits the aggregated producer-consumer user information to the distribution network, which then updates the issued electricity purchase price and reserve price to optimize its operating efficiency.

[0121] S7. Repeat S4-S6 to achieve a dynamic closed-loop iterative process in the two-level transaction involving the three main entities of "network-group-household", and finally obtain the optimal scheduling strategy for the electrical energy and reserves of "network-group-household".

[0122] In this embodiment, the dispersed resources of producers and consumers are aggregated by the producer-consumer user group. In the context of the electricity market, the trading of electricity and reserves is considered in the form of a "grid-group-user" structure. With the goal of optimizing the operating efficiency of each entity, the optimal scheduling strategy for electricity and reserves is finally optimized.

[0123] The optimized scheduling system described above includes:

[0124] Net load curve calculation module: Obtain the predicted output curves of new energy sources, the load power consumption curves, and the predicted output curves of photovoltaic power generation and consumption curves of generating and consuming users in the distribution network. Aggregate the output curves and load power consumption curves to calculate the corresponding net load curves. Calculate and determine the required reserve capacity of the distribution network and generating and consuming users based on the net load curves.

[0125] Distribution network integrated cost calculation module: Based on the transaction process of the distribution network purchasing electricity and reserves from the upstream power grid and the production and consumption user groups, and selling electricity and reserves to production and consumption users, the module considers the costs of transactions between the distribution network and other market entities, the operation and maintenance costs of photovoltaic power plants and wind farms in the distribution network, and the revenue from the sale of electricity and reserves by the distribution network, and establishes a distribution network integrated cost calculation model.

[0126] Power grid pricing module: based on the power demand and reserve demand of the power grid, the purchase price of electricity and the price of upward and downward reserve are formulated to minimize the comprehensive operation cost of the power grid, and are issued to the production and consumption user group.

[0127] Production and consumption user group pricing module: according to the purchase price of electricity and the price of upward and downward reserve issued by the power grid to the production and consumption user group, the purchase price of electricity and the price of upward and downward reserve are formulated to maximize the operation efficiency of the production and consumption user group, and are issued to the production and consumption user group, and the electricity and reserve capacity traded with each production and consumption user are determined.

[0128] Production and consumption user decision module: after receiving the purchase price of electricity and the price of upward and downward reserve from the production and consumption user group, the charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage is adjusted to maximize the operation efficiency of the production and consumption user, and the electricity and reserve capacity traded with the production and consumption user group is updated.

[0129] Electricity and reserve information transmission module: after the production and consumption user determines the electricity and reserve capacity traded with the production and consumption user group, the electricity and reserve capacity traded between the production and consumption user and the production and consumption user group is transmitted to the production and consumption user group, and the purchase / sale electricity and reserve capacity data of the production and consumption user aggregated by the production and consumption user group is transmitted to the power grid, so that the power grid updates the purchase price of electricity and the price of upward and downward reserve again to make the operation efficiency optimal.

Claims

1. A method for optimal scheduling of a grid-cluster-house considering the backup provided by power generation and consumption users, characterized in that, A bi-level game optimization model of a power distribution network and a production and consumption user group and a production and consumption user is established, the upper layer of the bi-level game optimization model is a master-slave game model of the power distribution network and the production and consumption user group, the power distribution network optimizes the purchase price of electricity and the price of upper and lower backup to guide the production and consumption user group to optimize the production and consumption user resources; The lower layer of the bi-level game optimization model is a master-slave game model of the production and consumption user group and the production and consumption user, the production and consumption user group formulates the purchase price of electricity and the price of upper and lower backup to encourage each production and consumption user to adjust the charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage and the electricity and backup capacity traded with the production and consumption user group; The optimization scheduling method comprises the following steps: S1, considering the new energy and conventional load connected to the power distribution network, the corresponding new energy predicted output curve and load power consumption curve are obtained respectively, the net load curve is calculated according to the output curve and the load power consumption curve, and the upper and lower backup capacities required by the whole power distribution network are obtained through the net load curve; S2, considering that the roof photovoltaic and load in the production and consumption user both have backup demand, the corresponding photovoltaic predicted output curve and load power consumption curve are obtained respectively, the net load curve of the production and consumption user is calculated, and the upper and lower backup capacities required by the whole production and consumption user are obtained through the net load curve; S3, the power distribution network formulates the purchase price of electricity and the price of upper and lower backup for the production and consumption user group based on the electricity demand and backup demand of the power distribution network, and sends it to the production and consumption user group; S4, the production and consumption user group formulates the purchase price of electricity and the price of upper and lower backup for the production and consumption user according to the purchase price of electricity and the price of upper and lower backup sent by the power distribution network, and determines the electricity and backup capacity traded with each production and consumption user; S5, after receiving the purchase price of electricity and the price of upper and lower backup from the production and consumption user group, the production and consumption user adjusts the charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage to maximize the efficiency, and updates the electricity and backup capacity traded with the production and consumption user group; S6, the production and consumption user group transmits the aggregated purchase / sale electricity and backup capacity data of the production and consumption user to the power distribution network, and the power distribution network updates the purchase price of electricity and the price of upper and lower backup sent to the production and consumption user group to maximize the operation efficiency; S7, repeat steps S4-S6 to perform dynamic closed-loop iteration, i.e. bi-level game optimization, and finally obtain the optimal scheduling strategy of the power distribution network, the production and consumption user group and the production and consumption user. 2.The grid-cluster-house optimal scheduling method considering the backup provided by the power generation and consumption users according to claim 1, wherein, The comprehensive operation cost of the power distribution network is composed of the cost of purchasing electricity and backup from the upper-level power grid and the production and consumption user group, the operation and maintenance cost of photovoltaic power stations and wind power plants in the power distribution network, and the revenue of selling electricity and backup; The objective function of the power distribution network is: ； In the formula, is the total time period of the previous day, and the length of a single scheduling period is ; is the operation efficiency of the power distribution network; is the total cost of purchasing electric energy and backup for the power distribution network; , are the output power of the photovoltaic power station and the wind farm in the time period, respectively; , are the operation and maintenance cost coefficients of the photovoltaic power station and the wind farm, respectively; I is the number of photovoltaic power stations; and J is the number of wind farms; is the income of the power distribution network; The total cost of purchasing electricity and backup of the power distribution network is: ； In the formula: is the electricity purchased by the distribution network from the upper-level network; , are the upper and lower reserve capacities purchased by the distribution network from the upper-level network, respectively; is the selling price of the upper-level network at the moment; , are the prices of the upper and lower reserves sold by the upper-level network, respectively; is the cost of purchasing electricity and reserves by the distribution network from the production and consumption user group ; is the number of the production and consumption user group. Distribution network to production and consumption user groups The cost of buying electricity and reserves is: ； In the formula: is the generation and consumption user group in the time period the amount of electricity sold to the distribution network; , is the generation and consumption user group in the time period the upper and lower reserve capacity sold to the distribution network; is the purchase price of electricity formulated by the distribution network in the time period ; , is the upper and lower reserve price formulated by the distribution network in the time period ; The revenue of selling electricity and backup of the power distribution network to the production and consumption user is: ； In the formula, The number of producer-consumer users in each producer-consumer user group; For producers and consumers During the period t Electricity purchased; , For each of the producer and consumer user groups Time period to producer-consumer users Upper and lower standby capacity for sale; For the consumer group The price at which electricity is sold to producers and consumers during a given time period; , Designated for each of the producer and consumer user groups The price for upper and lower standby services is sold to consumers during specific time periods. 3.The grid-cluster-house optimal scheduling method considering the backup provided by the power generation and consumption users according to claim 2, wherein, The thermal power unit in the upper-level power grid of the power distribution network is subject to the constraint of unit output when reserving upper and lower backup, ； The climbing backup provided by the unit cannot exceed the climbing capacity of the unit, ； ； The maximum climbing power of the previous and subsequent time periods cannot exceed the climbing capacity of the unit, ； ； In the formula, is the thermal power unit In the time period The output; , is the upper and lower limit of the thermal power unit output; , is the maximum upward and downward ramping capability of the thermal power unit ; , is the upper and lower rotational reserve provided by the thermal power unit in the time period ; The power balance constraint of the power distribution network system is: ； In the formula, is the number of thermal power units in the upper grid, , is the number of photovoltaic and wind power units connected to the distribution grid, respectively; is the thermal power unit in the time period ; is the photovoltaic power station in the time period ; is the wind farm in the time period ; is the producer-consumer group in the time period ; is the total demand power of all loads in the distribution grid; The backup constraint of the power distribution network system is: ； ； wherein: , are the up and down reserve capacities respectively required by the distribution grid in time period to the prosumers for the sale of electricity; , are the up and down reserve capacities respectively required by the distribution grid in time period as obtained by the equivalent net load curve.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, In step S4, the producer-consumer user group is both the follower in the upper master-slave game of the double-layer game optimization model and the leader in the lower master-slave game of the double-layer game optimization model. In the upper master-slave game, the producer-consumer user group adjusts the electricity and reserve capacity traded with the distribution network in response to the price information given by the distribution network, so as to maximize the operation efficiency of each producer-consumer user group. The electricity and reserve capacity traded with the distribution network also affect the operation efficiency of the distribution network, thereby affecting the adjustment of the price by the distribution network. In the lower master-slave game, the producer-consumer user group, as the leader, formulates the electricity purchase price and the price of the upper and lower reserve for the producer-consumers to encourage each producer-consumer to adjust the electricity and reserve capacity traded with the producer-consumer user group. The producer-consumer user group, as an intermediate link connecting the distribution network and the producer-consumers, obtains revenue by seeking price difference in the electricity market and the reserve market, formulates the electricity purchase price and the reserve price for the producer-consumers to maximize the operation efficiency of the producer-consumer user group.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The objective function of the producer-consumer user group is: ； wherein prosumers revenue from selling electricity and reserves to the distribution grid; prosumers cost of buying electricity and reserves from the prosumers; prosumers operational efficiency; The revenue of the producer-consumer user group is: ； wherein, the producer-consumer group in the time period the amount of electricity sold to the distribution grid; , the producer-consumer group in the time period the upper and lower reserve capacity sold to the distribution grid; the purchase price of electricity set by the distribution grid in the time period ; , the upper and lower reserve price set by the distribution grid in the time period ; The cost of the producer-consumer user group is: ； ； wherein, is the number of prosumers in the prosumer group, is a prosumer Sells electricity and backup for reward; is the electricity price set by the prosumer group in the time period to the prosumer Purchased electricity quantity; , is the upper backup capacity purchased by the prosumer group in the time period to the prosumer n Purchased upper backup and lower backup capacity; is the electricity price set by the prosumer group in the time period ; , is the upper backup price set by the prosumer group in the time period ; 6. The method of claim 5, wherein, In step S5, after receiving the price information issued by the producer-consumer user group, the producer-consumer considers the reserve demand of itself, adjusts the charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage unit to maximize the efficiency of itself, and then updates the electricity and reserve capacity traded with the producer-consumer user group, which specifically includes: In the lower master-slave game of the double-layer game optimization model, the producer-consumer, as the follower, adjusts the charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage unit and the proportion of the traded electricity and reserve capacity based on the price information given by the producer-consumer user group after considering the cost and the obtained return, so as to maximize the efficiency of the user itself, and transmits the traded electricity and reserve capacity to the producer-consumer user group, which then updates and issues the price to the producer-consumer, and so on, so as to finally determine the optimal traded price and electricity and reserve capacity between the producer-consumer user group and the producer-consumer.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein, The objective function of the producer-consumer is: ； wherein, the operating efficiency of the prosumer; the reward for selling electricity and reserve to the grid; the cost of buying electricity and reserve from the grid; the active power output of the rooftop PV in the time period for the prosumer; the unit active power output cost of the rooftop PV; , the charging and discharging power of the energy storage in the day-ahead time period for the prosumer; the charging and discharging cost of the energy storage;​​​​​ The return obtained by the producer-consumer is: ； The cost of the producer-consumer for purchasing electricity and reserve is: ； In the formula, is the power generation and consumption user purchases electricity in the time period ; , is the power generation and consumption user purchases upper and lower reserve capacities in the time period ; is the electricity purchase price of the power generation and consumption user, and is the time-of-use electricity price; , is the price of the upper and lower reserves purchased by the power generation and consumption user. 8.The grid-cluster-house optimal scheduling method considering the backup provided by the power generation and consumption users according to claim 7, wherein, The producer-consumer has the following constraints: The producer-consumer will not purchase electricity and sell electricity at the same time in the same period: ； The producer-consumer will not purchase or sell reserve at the same time in the same period: ； ； Considering the limitation of power flow, the producer-consumer cannot purchase electricity and sell reserve at the same time in the same period: ； The power balance constraint of the producer-consumer: ； In the formula, For producers and consumers During the period Electricity purchased; For producers and consumers Rooftop solar power during the period The predicted output; , Producers and consumers respectively Energy storage during the daytime The charging and discharging power; For producers and consumers During the period The load demand power; For producers and consumers During the period Electricity sales volume; The reserve constraint of the producer-consumer: ； ； In the formula: , are respectively the upper and lower reserve capacities provided by the energy storage of the producer-consumer user ; , are respectively the upper and lower reserve capacities provided by the energy storage of the producer-consumer user at the time ; , are respectively the upper and lower reserve demands corresponding to the net load of the producer-consumer user ; , are respectively the upper and lower reserve capacities sold by the producer-consumer user to the group of producer-consumer users at the time ; The charging and discharging plan constraint of the energy storage: ； ； ； ； In the formula: and are the charging and discharging power of the energy storage before the day-ahead scheduling of the producer and consumer ; and are the maximum allowed charging and discharging power of the energy storage; and are the charging and discharging efficiencies of the energy storage; is the charging and discharging state of the energy storage of the producer and consumer at the time , taking 1 indicates discharging, and taking 0 indicates charging; is the remaining energy of the energy storage of the producer and consumer after arranging the day-ahead charging and discharging plan at the time ; and are the minimum and maximum values of the remaining energy of the energy storage; ； ； ； ； ； ； In the formula , Representing producer and consumer users respectively Energy storage The ability to adjust reserve capacity up or down at any time; for Real-time production and consumption users The energy storage reserve capacity status, where 1 indicates that the energy is provided for increased reserve and 0 indicates that the energy is provided for decreased reserve; For producers and consumers exist The remaining energy is always taken into account after comprehensively considering the energy storage charging and discharging plan and the reserve capacity. 9.The grid-cluster-house optimal scheduling method considering the backup provided by the power generation and consumption users according to claim 8, wherein, In step S6, the producer-consumer user group guides the producer-consumer to formulate the optimal charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage in the lower master-slave game, and transmits the aggregated data of the electricity and reserve of the producer-consumer to the distribution network. Through the upper master-slave game, the price of electricity and reserve issued by the distribution network to the producer-consumer user group is further optimized, which also affects the result of the lower master-slave game, forming a closed-loop iterative optimization.

Images