A three-dimensional greening system for slopes based on mortar-stone retaining walls and a construction method thereof

Abstract

A three-dimensional slope greening system and construction method based on a mortar masonry retaining wall includes a planting window, a load-bearing module, a vegetation bag, a root control anchoring module, and a water supply device. The planting window is a window on the mortar masonry retaining wall. The load-bearing module is cylindrical and embedded in the planting window. The vegetation bag is located inside the load-bearing module. One end of the root control anchoring module is fixed to the load-bearing module, and the other end is placed in the soil behind the mortar masonry retaining wall. The water supply device is used to replenish water in the vegetation bag. Through the above structure, while preventing the disorderly growth of trees and shrubs on the mortar masonry retaining wall, it is applied to the ecological greening of the wall surface to achieve a rich and beautiful three-dimensional greening effect. At the same time, the growth range of its root system is strictly controlled, and the anchoring effect of the root system is used to enhance the stability of the slope.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of slope ecological protection, and in particular to a three-dimensional slope greening system based on a mortar-stone retaining wall and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] Retaining walls are a common supporting structure in foundation projects such as roads, buildings, and slopes. Mortared stone retaining walls have the advantages of being economical, durable, easy to construct, and beautiful. They are widely used in urban parks and communities, mountain tourist areas, and other places. However, at present, there are still the following problems in the use of mortar masonry retaining walls: on the one hand, mortar masonry retaining walls are hard walls with poor ecological benefits and landscape effects, and there is a need for greening and beautification. The existing greening technology mainly focuses on setting planting troughs at the bottom of the mortar masonry retaining walls. The planting troughs have small space and can only plant small plants or vines. The greening effect is monotonous and lacks artistry, which can no longer keep up with the needs of the development of the times; on the other hand, some plants often grow naturally in the gaps of the mortar masonry retaining walls, such as mulberry, large-leaf fig, small-leaf fig, etc. The roots of these trees and shrubs are very developed. As the roots continue to grow and thicken, they will damage the retaining wall structure, causing the risk of falling stones and even the collapse of the retaining wall. Prevention and control are urgent, but the existing control measures only remove the above-ground parts of these trees and shrubs, which are difficult to eradicate and will soon sprout again, and the control effect is poor.

[0003] In response to the above two problems, some related technologies have also emerged. For example, CN208844608U discloses an assembled ecological anchor retaining wall structure, which includes a prefabricated concrete foundation and reinforced concrete prefabricated columns arranged at horizontal intervals and fixedly connected to the foundation, as well as an assembly column composed of several reinforced concrete prefabricated blocks and ecological bags assembled from bottom to top between two adjacent columns; anchor rods are arranged at vertical intervals along the columns, and the anchor rods pass through the fracture surface of the wall back slope and are anchored in the stable rock and soil layer, and the anchor rods are fixedly spliced ​​with the columns; the ecological bags are buried in the soil arch on the back of the wall, and the wall greening effect is achieved through the plants in the bags. This patent uses the combination of retaining walls and ecological bags for greening, but still uses a more conventional anchor rod form to reinforce the retaining wall. It does not take into account the anchoring effect of plant roots, and does not prevent the destructive effects caused by the plant roots drilling into the gaps in the retaining wall, which will pose a threat to the long-term stability of the retaining wall.

[0004] CN104652360B discloses a method for constructing ecological slope protection using plant bags and a rainwater treatment system. The plant bag slope protection system secures the plant growth matrix within the bags, utilizing the anchoring effect of plant roots to stabilize the slope and provide erosion resistance. Combining the characteristics of the beam grid and the plant bag creates a slope protection foundation that is erosion-resistant, strong, breathable, and suitable for plant growth. A rainwater treatment system is also added to utilize rainwater for irrigation. However, the beam grid structure used in this invention is extremely expensive to construct, and the rainwater treatment system is also complex, further increasing the cost. Furthermore, this construction method fails to consider the potential damage to the beam grid structure caused by the long-term growth of plant roots. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned background technology, and to provide a three-dimensional greening device and construction method for slopes based on mortar masonry retaining walls. On the premise of preventing trees and shrubs from growing disorderly on mortar masonry retaining walls, they are used in the ecological greening of the wall surface to achieve rich and beautiful three-dimensional greening effects, while strictly controlling the growth range of their roots and utilizing the anchoring effect of the roots to enhance the stability of the slope.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a three-dimensional greening system for slopes based on mortar masonry retaining walls, including planting windows, load-bearing modules, vegetation bags, root control anchoring modules and water supply devices. The planting windows are windows on the mortar masonry retaining walls, the load-bearing modules are cylindrical, the load-bearing modules are embedded in the planting windows, the vegetation bags are located inside the load-bearing modules, one end of the root control anchoring module is fixed on the load-bearing module, and the other end is placed in the soil behind the mortar masonry retaining wall. The water supply device is used to replenish water to the vegetation bags.

[0007] A root barrier layer is provided in the load-bearing module.

[0008] There are multiple vegetation bags, and the vegetation bags are fixed in the load-bearing module through vegetation bag fixing devices.

[0009] The vegetation bag fixing device includes a three-dimensional drainage connecting buckle, a fixing rope and an anchor nail. The three-dimensional drainage connecting buckle is installed between adjacent vegetation bags. The fixing rope binds the vegetation bags. Anchor nails are installed in the load-bearing module. The fixing rope is connected to the anchor nails to fix the vegetation bag in the load-bearing module.

[0010] The vegetation bag fixing device includes a three-dimensional drainage connecting buckle, a fixing net and an anchor rod. The three-dimensional drainage connecting buckle is installed between adjacent vegetation bags, the fixing net covers the entire surface of the vegetation bag, the anchor rod is nailed into the soil behind the mortar masonry retaining wall, and the fixing net is connected to the anchor rod.

[0011] The root control anchoring module includes a root control anchoring lower plate and a root control anchoring side plate. The two root control anchoring side plates are respectively fixed on both sides of the root control anchoring lower plate to form a U-shaped structure. The top of the root control anchoring lower plate is connected to the load-bearing module, and the upper end of the root control anchoring side plate extends into the load-bearing module; the root control anchoring lower plate and the root control anchoring side plates are plate-like structures with rough surfaces, and the surface of the plate-like structure is provided with barbs to enhance pull-out resistance.

[0012] The root control anchoring lower plate is connected to the load-bearing module through an adjustable connecting structure, and the adjustable connecting structure includes an axle shell, an axle center, a positioning hole and a positioning bolt. The axle shell is a hollow semi-cylindrical shell, and one side of the axle shell opening faces the soil layer behind the retaining wall, and the other side is fixed on the load-bearing module. The axle center is a cylinder, and the axle center is connected to the top of the root control anchoring lower plate. The diameter of the axle center is smaller than the inner diameter of the axle shell, and the axle center is embedded in the axle shell; a number of corresponding positioning holes are provided on the axle shell and the axle center, and the positioning bolts cooperate with the positioning holes to fix the angle of the axle center and the root control anchoring lower plate.

[0013] The water replenishment device includes a water storage container, a drainage pipe, a filter layer, a water absorption line, a counterweight block and a water seepage needle tube. The water storage container is fixed inside the load-bearing module and is close to the vegetation bag. The water storage container is provided with a water inlet, an overflow port and a wire outlet. The water inlet is located at the top of the water storage container and is connected to the drainage pipe. The overflow port is located at the front side of the water storage container. The wire outlet is located on the side close to the vegetation bag, and the position of the wire outlet is higher than the overflow port.

[0014] The drainage pipe is arranged in the wall of the mortar-stone retaining wall above the load-bearing module, one end of which is connected to the filter layer in the soil behind the retaining wall, and the other end of which passes through the drainage hole on the load-bearing module and is connected to the water inlet hole on the water storage container;

[0015] Several water absorption lines are set up, one end of which is tied into a bundle and connected to a counterweight block so that it sinks to the bottom of the water storage container, and the other end passes through the outlet hole and is connected to a water seepage needle tube;

[0016] The seepage needle tube is a metal needle tube with a reserved hole. The water absorption line is placed inside the metal needle tube, and the seepage needle tube is inserted into the planting matrix of the planting bag.

[0017] The outer wall of the mortar-laid stone retaining wall is also provided with a coating for preventing plant growth.

[0018] A construction method for a three-dimensional greening system for a slope based on a mortar-stone retaining wall is provided, and is used for the construction of the three-dimensional greening system for a slope based on a mortar-stone retaining wall. The construction method comprises the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: Design a masonry retaining wall as needed. Create a graphic or pattern combining greenery and color painting on the wall surface. Then, design the number, shape, size, and location of the planter windows based on the graphic or pattern.

[0020] Step 2: Based on the design of the planting window, calculate the load that the load-bearing module needs to bear, design the size or reinforcement of the load-bearing module, complete the production of the load-bearing module, and then produce the root control anchoring module according to the size of the load-bearing module;

[0021] Step 3: Set the size and quantity of the vegetation bags according to the size of the internal space of the load-bearing module to ensure that the vegetation bags can be completely filled. Then fill the greening matrix and plant seeds into the vegetation bags and seal them.

[0022] Step 4: Follow the conventional mortar masonry retaining wall construction process. When the masonry reaches the designed planting window position, level the base surface at that position, then lay the load-bearing module on the base surface. Continue laying stones on both sides and the top surface of the load-bearing module, and embed the load-bearing module into the mortar masonry retaining wall.

[0023] Step 5: When the mortar masonry retaining wall reaches the position of the drainage pipe above the load-bearing module, align the drainage pipe with the drainage hole on the top of the load-bearing module and tilt it outward by 3% to 5%. Wrap the end of the drainage pipe with geotextile filter cloth, fill the mortar around the drainage pipe and tamp it firmly. Then continue to build the upper mortar masonry retaining wall.

[0024] Step 6: After the masonry stone retaining wall is built, fill the back of the wall with soil. When the soil is filled to the position of the load-bearing module, install the root control anchor module on the load-bearing module. The root control anchor module is perpendicular to the sliding surface of the soil behind the masonry stone retaining wall.

[0025] Step 7: Drive anchor bolts into the overlapping surface formed by the root control anchor module and the load-bearing module;

[0026] Step 8: Fix the water storage container below the drainage hole in the load-bearing module, connect the water inlet to the drainage pipe, and point the overflow toward the masonry retaining wall. Tie one end of the water absorption line into a bundle and connect it to the counterweight. Connect the other end to the seepage needle. Insert the end with the counterweight into the water storage container through the outlet hole and place it at the bottom of the water storage container. Leave the end with the seepage needle outside the water storage container.

[0027] Step 9: Place the vegetation bags inside the load-bearing module, staggering the vertical seams of the upper and lower layers, and laying them layer by layer to fill the remaining space of the entire load-bearing module;

[0028] Step 10: While laying the vegetation bags, insert the water seepage needle tube with holes into the vegetation bags;

[0029] Step 11: Continue filling the back of the wall. When filling to the drainage pipe position, lay the filter layer, and then carry out other conventional construction procedures to complete the construction of the mortar masonry retaining wall.

[0030] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. The present invention can realize three-dimensional greening of the surface of the mortar-made stone retaining wall. Not only can low herbs and small shrubs be planted on the wall, but also larger plants such as trees can be planted, thus enriching the greening level and improving the ecological benefits.

[0032] 2. The present invention sets a root control anchoring module on the back of the planting window. This module can achieve two functions. One is to control the growth range of the roots of trees and shrubs to prevent their disorderly growth from damaging the retaining wall structure; the other is to use it as a large "U"-shaped anchor rod, combined with the load-bearing module to form a force-bearing whole, which plays an anchoring role on the slope.

[0033] 3. To enhance the anchoring effect, the root control anchor plate can adjust the angle of insertion into the soil so that it is perpendicular to the sliding surface of the slope, and adopts a high-strength plate structure with a rough surface to increase pull-out resistance.

[0034] 4. Guided by the root control and anchoring modules, the roots of trees and shrubs grow along the "U"-shaped grooves and penetrate into the sliding surface of the slope, acting as "plant anchors" to further enhance anchoring force and achieve a combination of engineering and biological reinforcement. The effectiveness of engineering reinforcement measures will weaken over time, while the effectiveness of biological reinforcement will increase over time. The combination of the two can complement each other.

[0035] 5. The present invention is provided with a water replenishing device that can collect and store rainwater for use by plants during droughts, thereby increasing the survival rate of plants on the retaining wall and saving the cost of artificial irrigation.

[0036] 6. The present invention sprays the wall surface of the non-greening area on the mortar-made stone retaining wall, which can prevent the seeds of trees and shrubs such as paper mulberry and large-leafed banyan from falling into the gaps in the wall, prevent the roots from penetrating into the retaining wall to cause root splitting and damage its structure, and avoid the risk of falling stones or even retaining wall collapse caused by this reason.

[0037] 7. Spray coating can be dyed into different colors. Combined with plant planting, it can form various patterns and paintings on the retaining wall surface, enhancing the visual effect and artistic expression of the retaining wall. It can also be used as an advertising board to increase economic benefits.

[0038] 8. This device has a simple structure, flexible use, diverse functions, novel visual effects, and can be modularized and prefabricated, which improves construction efficiency and reduces costs. This invention organically combines engineering protection and greening beautification, and has great promotion value and broad market prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0040] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the facade effect of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 3 It is a schematic plan view of the device of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the front elevation of the device of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 5 It is a side elevational schematic diagram of the device of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the back elevation of the device of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of the root control and anchoring module of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the vegetation bag fixing device of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the vegetation bag fixing device of the present invention.

[0049] In the figure: planting window 1, load-bearing module 2, root barrier layer 3, vegetation bag 4, vegetation bag fixing device 5, root control anchoring module 6, water supply device 7, coating 8, mortar masonry retaining wall 9, sliding surface 10; drainage hole 21, three-dimensional drainage connecting buckle 51, fixing rope 52, anchor nail 53, fixing net 54, anchor rod 55, root control anchoring lower plate 61, root control anchoring side plate 62, adjustable connection structure 63, barb 64, water storage container 71, drainage pipe 72, filter layer 73, water absorption line 74, counterweight block 75, seepage needle tube 76, spray gun 81; shaft housing 631, shaft center 632, positioning hole 633, positioning bolt 634, water inlet hole 711, overflow port 712, outlet hole 713. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] Example 1:

[0051] See also Figure 1-9A three-dimensional slope greening system based on a mortar masonry retaining wall includes a planting window 1, a load-bearing module 2, a vegetation bag 4, a root control anchoring module 6, and a water supply device 7. The planting window 1 is a window on the mortar masonry retaining wall 9. The load-bearing module 2 is cylindrical and embedded in the planting window 1. The vegetation bag 4 is located inside the load-bearing module 2. One end of the root control anchoring module 6 is fixed to the load-bearing module 2, and the other end is placed in the soil behind the mortar masonry retaining wall 9. The water supply device 7 is used to replenish water in the vegetation bag 4. Through the above structure, while preventing the disorderly growth of trees and shrubs on the mortar masonry retaining wall, it is applied to the ecological greening of the wall surface, achieving a rich and beautiful three-dimensional greening effect. At the same time, the growth range of its root system is strictly controlled, and the anchoring effect of the root system is used to enhance the stability of the slope.

[0052] Specifically, the planting windows 1 are windows opened on the mortar-stone retaining wall 9 for planting shrubs and flowers. The positions, numbers and sizes of the planting windows 1 can be determined according to design requirements and can form different patterns.

[0053] The load-bearing module 2 is cylindrical and embedded within the planter window 1, supporting the planter window 1 and compensating for the structural instability of the masonry retaining wall 9. The load-bearing module 2 can be constructed in a variety of ways, including reinforced concrete or steel. It can also take the form of a square, arched, or circular cylinder. The connection between the load-bearing module 2 and the masonry retaining wall 9 can be achieved through cement mortar masonry, anchoring, or adhesive bonding.

[0054] See also Figure 2-4 A root barrier layer 3 is provided within the load-bearing module 2. This layer is applied to the inner surfaces of the load-bearing module 2 and the root control and anchoring module 6 to prevent plant roots from entering the gap between the load-bearing module 2 and the root control and anchoring module 6. The root barrier layer 3 can be made of modified asphalt root-penetration-resistant waterproof membrane or HDPE anti-seepage root barrier membrane.

[0055] In the preferred embodiment, multiple vegetation bags 4 are provided, each secured within the load-bearing module 2 via a vegetation bag securing device 5. The vegetation bags 4 are typically made of materials such as non-woven fabric, sunshade netting, or polypropylene, and are filled with greening substrate and plant seeds. The specifications can be customized as needed. The vegetation bags 4 are neatly stacked within the load-bearing module 2, filling the internal space. The vegetation bag securing device 5 connects the vegetation bags 4 to form a whole and secures the vegetation bags 4 to the load-bearing module 2, ensuring that the vegetation bags 4 do not slip out of the planting window 1.

[0056] There are two arrangements for the plant bag fixing device 5, one of which is as follows: Figure 8As shown, the vegetation bag fixing device 5 includes a three-dimensional drainage connecting buckle 51, a fixing rope 52 and an anchor 53. The three-dimensional drainage connecting buckle 51 is installed between adjacent vegetation bags 4, and the fixing rope 52 binds the vegetation bags 4. Anchors 53 are installed in the load-bearing module 2. The fixing rope 52 is connected to the anchor 53 to fix the vegetation bag 4 in the load-bearing module 2.

[0057] The three-dimensional drainage connector 51 is a commercially available product used to connect the vegetation bags 4 and enhance their integrity. The fixing rope 52 is used to bind the vegetation bags 4, and the anchors 53 drive the ends of the fixing rope 52 into the load-bearing module 2. This fixing method is suitable for three-dimensional greening of trees, shrubs, and herbs.

[0058] Another option is Figure 9 As shown, the vegetation bag fixing device 5 includes a three-dimensional drainage connecting buckle 51, a fixing net 54 and an anchor rod 55. The three-dimensional drainage connecting buckle 51 is installed between adjacent vegetation bags 4, the fixing net 54 covers the entire surface of the vegetation bag 4, and the anchor rod 55 is nailed into the soil behind the mortar masonry retaining wall 9. The fixing net 54 is connected to the anchor rod 55.

[0059] The usage of the three-dimensional drainage connecting buckle 51 is the same as above. The fixing net 54 covers the entire surface of the vegetation bag 4, and the anchor rod 55 nails the fixing net 54 into the soil behind the mortar masonry retaining wall 9. This fixing method is suitable for the greening method of ground cover shrubs + herbs.

[0060] See also Figure 3-6 The root control anchoring module 6 includes a root control anchoring lower plate 61 and a root control anchoring side plate 62. The two root control anchoring side plates 62 are respectively fixed on both sides of the root control anchoring lower plate 61 to form a U-shaped structure. The top of the root control anchoring lower plate 61 is connected to the load-bearing module 2, and the upper end of the root control anchoring side plate 62 extends into the load-bearing module 2. The root control anchoring lower plate 61 and the root control anchoring side plates 62 are plate-like structures with rough surfaces. The surface of the plate-like structure is provided with barbs 64 to enhance the pull-out resistance. The root control anchoring module 6 has the following functions: first, it controls the growth range of the plant roots so that the plant roots grow toward the sliding surface 10; second, it can prevent the plant roots from growing into the gap between the mortar masonry retaining wall 9 and the soil behind it; third, it can utilize the root control anchoring module 6 body to enhance the stability of the slope; and fourth, it can utilize the anchoring effect of the roots to further enhance the stability of the slope.

[0061] See also Figure 5 、 7The root control anchoring lower plate 61 is connected to the load-bearing module 2 through an adjustable connecting structure 63. The adjustable connecting structure 63 includes a shaft shell 631, a shaft core 632, a positioning hole 633 and a positioning bolt 634. The shaft shell 631 is a hollow semi-cylindrical shell. One side of the shaft shell 631 opening faces the soil layer behind the retaining wall, and the other side is fixed to the load-bearing module 2. The shaft core 632 is a cylinder. The shaft core 632 is connected to the top of the root control anchoring lower plate 61. The diameter of the shaft core 632 is smaller than the inner diameter of the shaft core 631. The shaft core 632 is embedded in the shaft shell 631. Figure 5 As the axis 632 rotates, the angle α between the root control anchoring lower plate 61 and the horizontal direction can be adjusted. A number of corresponding positioning holes 633 are provided on the shaft housing 631 and the axis 632. The positioning bolts 634 cooperate with the positioning holes 633 to fix the angle between the axis 632 and the root control anchoring lower plate 61. For details, see Figure 7 , multiple positioning holes are set on the same axis of the shaft shell 631, and multiple positioning holes are set on the shaft core 632 in a radial circumferential row at the positions corresponding to the positioning holes on the shaft shell 631. By adapting the positions of the positioning holes on the shaft shell 631 and the shaft core 632, the angle of the root control anchor lower plate 61 can be adjusted. Through the above structure, it is convenient to adjust the angle of the root control anchor module 6 as needed. In the preferred solution, see Figure 2 , the root control anchor lower plate 61 is perpendicular to the sliding surface 10.

[0062] The root control anchor lower plate 61 and the root control anchor side plate 62 are high-strength plate structures with rough surfaces. Barbs 64 can be provided on the surface to enhance pull-out resistance. The root control anchor lower plate 61 and the root control anchor side plate 62 can be made of PVC, metal or other materials.

[0063] See also Figure 3-6 The water replenishment device 7 includes a water storage container 71, a drainage pipe 72, a filter layer 73, a water absorption line 74, a counterweight 75, and a water seepage needle 76. The water storage container 71 is fixed inside the load-bearing module 2 and adjacent to the vegetation bag 4. The water storage container 71 is provided with a water inlet 711, an overflow port 712, and a wire outlet 713. The water inlet 711 is located at the top of the water storage container 71 and connected to the drainage pipe 72. The overflow port 712 is located at the front of the water storage container 71. The wire outlet 713 is located on the side close to the vegetation bag 4 and is positioned higher than the overflow port 712. Water in the soil passes through the filter layer 73, flows through the drainage pipe 72 into the water storage container 71, and then, through capillary action, enters the planting medium of the vegetation bag 4 through the water absorption line 74 and the water seepage needle 76, replenishing water for the plants.

[0064] The filter layer 73 is also called the filter bag, which refers to a graded gravel layer with particle size increasing from fine to coarse along the direction of water flow, laid on the back of the retaining wall at the water inlet of the drainage pipe.

[0065] Specifically, the drainage pipe 72 is set in the wall of the mortar masonry retaining wall 9 above the load-bearing module 2, one end of which is connected to the filter layer 73 in the soil behind the retaining wall, and the other end passes through the drainage hole 21 on the load-bearing module 2 and is connected to the water inlet hole 711 on the water storage container 71. The water storage container (71) is made of a lightweight polymer material with good durability.

[0066] A plurality of water absorption lines 74 are provided, one end of which is tied into a bundle and connected to a counterweight 75 so as to be sunk to the bottom of the water storage container 71 , and the other end of which passes through the outlet hole 713 and is connected to a water seepage needle 76 .

[0067] The water seepage needle tube 76 is a metal needle tube with a reserved hole. The water absorption line 74 is placed inside the metal needle tube 76 . The water seepage needle tube 76 is inserted into the planting matrix of the planting bag 4 .

[0068] Another simplified version of the water replenishment device 7 eliminates the need for a water storage container 71. Specifically, water in the drainage pipe 72 flows directly through the drainage holes 21 in the load-bearing module 2 onto the vegetation bag 4, replenishing moisture for the plants within. Excess water seeps through the vegetation bag 4 onto the bottom surface of the load-bearing module 2. By creating a slope on the bottom surface of the load-bearing module 2 for drainage, the excess water can be drained away smoothly.

[0069] See also Figure 2 The outer surface of the mortar masonry retaining wall 9 is also coated with a coating 8 to prevent plant growth. This coating 8, a multi-component liquid mixture, is sprayed onto the outer surface of the mortar masonry retaining wall 9 using a spray gun 81. It rapidly reacts and solidifies into a waterproof film, preventing plant seeds from scattering onto the retaining wall surface and rooting into it, causing damage to the structure. Coating 8 can be made of, for example, an acrylic spray paint. Various pigments can also be added to the coating 8 to create a desired color pattern, enhancing its aesthetic appeal and commercial value.

[0070] Example 2:

[0071] A construction method for a three-dimensional greening system for a slope based on a mortar-stone retaining wall is used for the construction of the three-dimensional greening system for a slope based on a mortar-stone retaining wall. The construction method comprises the following steps.

[0072] Step 1: Design a masonry retaining wall 9 as needed, design a graphic or pattern combining the required greening and painting on the wall surface of the masonry retaining wall 9, and then design the number, shape, size and position of the planting windows 1 according to the graphic or pattern.

[0073] Step 2: Based on the design of the planting window 1, calculate the load that the load-bearing module 2 needs to bear, design the size or reinforcement of the load-bearing module 2, complete the production of the load-bearing module 2, and then produce the root control anchoring module 6 according to the size of the load-bearing module 2.

[0074] Step 3: Set the size and quantity of the vegetation bags 4 according to the size of the internal space of the load-bearing module 2 to ensure that the vegetation bags 4 can be completely filled, then fill the greening matrix and plant seeds into the vegetation bags 4 and seal them.

[0075] Step 4: Follow the conventional mortar masonry retaining wall construction process to build the masonry. When the masonry reaches the designed planting window 1 position, level the base surface at that position, then build the load-bearing module 2 on the base surface, continue to build stones on both sides and the top surface of the load-bearing module 2, and embed the load-bearing module 2 into the mortar masonry retaining wall 9.

[0076] Step 5: When the mortar masonry retaining wall 9 is built to the position of the drain pipe 72 above the load-bearing module 2, align the drain pipe 72 with the drain hole 21 at the top of the load-bearing module 2, and tilt the drain pipe 72 outward by 3% to 5%. Wrap the end of the drain pipe 72 with geotextile filter cloth, fill and compact the mortar around the drain pipe 72, and then continue to build the upper mortar masonry retaining wall 9.

[0077] Step 6: After the wall body of the mortar masonry retaining wall 9 is completed, the back of the wall is filled with soil. When the soil is filled to the position of the load-bearing module 2, the root control anchor module 6 is installed on the load-bearing module 2. The root control anchor module 6 is perpendicular to the sliding surface 10 of the soil behind the mortar masonry retaining wall 9.

[0078] Step 7: Driving anchor nails into the overlapping surface formed by the root control and anchoring module 6 and the load-bearing module 2.

[0079] Step 8: Fix the water storage container 71 below the drainage hole 21 in the load-bearing module 2, connect the water inlet 711 to the drainage pipe 72, and the overflow port 712 faces the wall surface of the mortar masonry retaining wall 9. Tie one end of the water absorption line 74 into a bundle and connect it to the counterweight block 75, and the other end is connected to the seepage needle tube 76. Insert the end with the counterweight block 75 into the water storage container 71 through the outlet hole 713 and place it at the bottom of the water storage container 71, leaving the end with the seepage needle tube 76 outside the water storage container 71.

[0080] Step 9: Build 4 yards of vegetation bags into the interior of the load-bearing module 2, staggering the vertical seams of the upper and lower layers, and laying them layer by layer to fill the remaining space of the entire load-bearing module 2.

[0081] Step 10: While laying the vegetation bag 4 , penetrate the water seepage needle tube 76 with holes into the vegetation bag 4 .

[0082] Step 11: Continue filling the back of the wall. When the filling reaches the position of the drainage pipe 72, lay the filter layer 73, and then carry out other conventional construction procedures to complete the construction of the mortar masonry retaining wall 9.

[0083] Example 3:

[0084] The construction method can also adopt the following steps:

[0085] Step 1: First, design the masonry retaining wall 9 as needed, design the required graphics or patterns combining greening and painting on the wall surface of the masonry retaining wall 9, and then design the number, shape, size, position, etc. of the planting windows 1 according to the graphics or patterns.

[0086] Step 2: Based on the design of the planting window 1, calculate the load that the load-bearing module 2 needs to bear, design the size and reinforcement of the load-bearing module 2, and complete the production of the load-bearing module 2. Then, produce the root control anchoring module 6 according to the size of the load-bearing module 2.

[0087] Step 3: Set the size and quantity of the vegetation bags 4 according to the size of the internal space of the load-bearing module 2 to ensure that the vegetation bags 4 are completely filled. Then fill the greening matrix and plant seeds into the vegetation bags 4 and seal them.

[0088] Step 4: Follow the conventional mortar masonry retaining wall construction process to build the masonry. When the masonry reaches the designed planting window 1 position, level the base surface at that position, then build the load-bearing module 2 on the base surface, continue to build stones on both sides and the top surface of the load-bearing module 2, and embed the load-bearing module 2 into the mortar masonry retaining wall 9.

[0089] Step 5: When the mortar-made stone retaining wall 9 is built to the position of the drainage pipe 72 above the load-bearing module 2, align the drainage pipe 72 with the drainage hole 21 at the top of the load-bearing module 2, and tilt the drainage pipe 72 outward by 3% to 5%. Wrap the end of the drainage pipe 72 with geotextile filter cloth, fill and compact the mortar around the drainage pipe 72, and then continue to build the upper retaining wall.

[0090] Step 6: After the masonry retaining wall 9 is partially constructed, backfill the wall. When the backfill reaches the position of the load-bearing module 2, the upper axis 632 of the root control anchor module 6 is inserted into the shaft housing 631. The horizontal angle α between the root control anchor lower plate 61 and the horizontal direction is adjusted so that the root control anchor module 6 is perpendicular to the slope's sliding surface 10. The positioning bolts 634 are then inserted into the positioning holes 633 on the shaft housing 631 and the axis 632 to lock the angle of the root control anchor lower plate 61. The angle α can be adjusted from 0 to 74 degrees, which is suitable for various common sliding surfaces.

[0091] Step 7: See Figure 5 、 6 Anchor nails are driven into the overlapping surface formed by the root control anchoring side plate 62 and the load-bearing module 2 to further strengthen the connection between the entire root control anchoring module 6 and the mortar masonry retaining wall 9 and enhance its anchoring effect.

[0092] Step 8: Lay the root barrier layer 3 on the inner surface of the load-bearing module 2. The root barrier layer 3 needs to cover the connection between the root control anchoring module 6 and the load-bearing module 2 to ensure that the roots will not grow out of the connection gap and damage the retaining wall structure.

[0093] Step 9: Secure the water container 71 within the load-bearing module 2, below the drain hole 21. Connect the water inlet 711 to the drain pipe 72, with the overflow 712 facing toward the retaining wall. Tie one end of the suction line 74 into a bundle and connect it to the counterweight 75. Connect the other end to the seepage needle 76. Insert the end with the counterweight 75 into the water container 71 through the outlet hole 713 and place it at the bottom of the container. Leave the end with the seepage needle 76 outside the container.

[0094] Step 10: Stack the vegetation bags 4 into the interior of the load-bearing module 2. Place a three-dimensional drainage connection buckle 51 between every two adjacent vegetation bags 4 to increase the internal friction of the vegetation bags 4. The vertical seams of the upper and lower layers should be staggered, and the bags should be laid layer by layer to eventually fill the entire internal space of the load-bearing module 2.

[0095] Step 11: While laying the vegetation bags 4, insert the water seepage needle tube 76 with holes into the vegetation bags 4. After the vegetation bags 4 are laid, they are tied with fixing ropes 52, and then the fixing ropes 52 are nailed into the load-bearing modules 2 with anchor nails 53.

[0096] Step 12: Continue filling the back of the wall. When the filling reaches the position of the drainage pipe 72, lay the filter layer 73, and then carry out other conventional construction procedures to complete the construction of the mortar masonry retaining wall 9.

[0097] Step 13: Temporarily cover the planting window 1 on the completed mortar masonry retaining wall 9 with plastic film, use a spray gun 81 to spray different colored coatings 8 on the surface of the mortar masonry retaining wall 9 according to the design pattern, and ensure that the wall surface is completely coated. After it dries, remove the plastic covering film.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional slope greening system based on a mortar-stone retaining wall, characterized by: The invention comprises a planting window (1), a load-bearing module (2), a vegetation bag (4), a root control anchoring module (6), and a water supply device (7), wherein the planting window (1) is a window on a mortar masonry retaining wall (9), the load-bearing module (2) is cylindrical, and the load-bearing module (2) is embedded in the planting window (1), the vegetation bag (4) is located inside the load-bearing module (2), one end of the root control anchoring module (6) is fixed on the load-bearing module (2), and the other end is placed in the soil behind the mortar masonry retaining wall (9), and the water supply device (7) is used to supply water to the vegetation bag (4); The root control anchoring module (6) comprises a root control anchoring lower plate (61) and a root control anchoring side plate (62), wherein the two root control anchoring side plates (62) are respectively fixed on both sides of the root control anchoring lower plate (61) to form a U-shaped structure, wherein the top end of the root control anchoring lower plate (61) is connected to the load-bearing module (2), and the upper end of the root control anchoring side plate (62) extends into the load-bearing module (2); the root control anchoring lower plate (61) and the root control anchoring side plates (62) are plate-like structures with rough surfaces, and the surfaces of the plate-like structures are provided with barbs (64) to enhance pull-out resistance.

2. The three-dimensional greening system for slopes based on mortar-stone retaining walls according to claim 1, characterized in that: A root barrier layer (3) is provided in the load-bearing module (2).

3. The three-dimensional greening system for slopes based on mortar-stone retaining walls according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of vegetation bags (4) are provided, and the vegetation bags (4) are fixed in the load-bearing module (2) via a vegetation bag fixing device (5).

4. The three-dimensional greening system for slopes based on mortar-stone retaining walls according to claim 3, characterized in that: The vegetation bag fixing device (5) comprises a three-dimensional drainage connection buckle (51), a fixing rope (52) and an anchor nail (53). The three-dimensional drainage connection buckle (51) is installed between adjacent vegetation bags (4). The fixing rope (52) binds the vegetation bags (4). The anchor nail (53) is installed in the load-bearing module (2). The fixing rope (52) is connected to the anchor nail (53) to fix the vegetation bag (4) in the load-bearing module (2).

5. The three-dimensional greening system for slopes based on mortar-stone retaining walls according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The vegetation bag fixing device (5) comprises a three-dimensional drainage connection buckle (51), a fixing net (54) and an anchor rod (55). The three-dimensional drainage connection buckle (51) is installed between adjacent vegetation bags (4). The fixing net (54) covers the entire surface of the vegetation bag (4). The anchor rod (55) is nailed into the soil behind the mortar masonry retaining wall (9). The fixing net (54) is connected to the anchor rod (55).

6. The three-dimensional slope greening system based on mortar-stone retaining wall according to claim 1, characterized in that: The root control anchor lower plate (61) is connected to the load-bearing module (2) via an adjustable connection structure (63). The adjustable connection structure (63) includes a shaft shell (631), an axis (632), a positioning hole (633) and a positioning bolt (634). The shaft shell (631) is a hollow semi-cylindrical shell. One side of the shaft shell (631) is open toward the soil layer behind the retaining wall, and the other side is fixed to the load-bearing module (2). The axis (632) is The cylindrical body has an axis (632) connected to the top of the root control anchoring lower plate (61); the diameter of the axis (632) is smaller than the inner diameter of the shaft shell (631); the axis (632) is embedded in the shaft shell (631); a plurality of corresponding positioning holes (633) are provided on the shaft shell (631) and the axis (632); positioning bolts (634) cooperate with the positioning holes (633) to fix the angle between the axis (632) and the root control anchoring lower plate (61).

7. The three-dimensional greening system for slopes based on mortar-stone retaining walls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water replenishing device (7) includes a water storage container (71), a drainage pipe (72), a filter layer (73), a water absorption line (74), a counterweight (75) and a water seepage needle (76). The water storage container (71) is fixed inside the load-bearing module (2) and is close to the vegetation bag (4). The water storage container (71) is provided with a water inlet (711), an overflow port (712) and a wire outlet (713). The water inlet (711) is located at the top of the water storage container (71) and is connected to the drainage pipe (72). The overflow port (712) is located at the front side of the water storage container (71). The wire outlet (713) is located on the side close to the vegetation bag (4). The wire outlet (713) is located higher than the overflow port (712). The drainage pipe (72) is arranged in the wall of the mortar masonry retaining wall (9) above the load-bearing module (2), one end of which is connected to the filter layer (73) in the soil behind the retaining wall, and the other end of which passes through the drainage hole (21) on the load-bearing module (2) and is connected to the water inlet hole (711) on the water storage container (71); A plurality of water absorption lines (74) are provided, one end of which is tied into a bundle and connected to a counterweight (75) so as to be sunk to the bottom of the water storage container (71), and the other end of which is passed through the outlet hole (713) and connected to a water seepage needle (76); The water seepage needle tube (76) is a metal needle tube with a hole reserved therein, the water absorption line (74) is placed inside the metal needle tube, and the water seepage needle tube (76) is inserted into the planting matrix of the planting bag (4).

8. The three-dimensional greening system for slopes based on mortar-stone retaining walls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the mortar-stone retaining wall (9) is also provided with a coating (8) for preventing plant growth.

9. A construction method for a three-dimensional slope greening system based on a mortar-stone retaining wall, characterized by: For the construction of a three-dimensional greening system for slopes based on mortar-stone retaining walls as described in claim 7, the construction method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Design a masonry retaining wall (9) as required, design a desired graphic or pattern combining greening and painting on the wall surface of the masonry retaining wall (9), and then design the number, shape, size, and position of the planting windows (1) according to the graphic or pattern; Step 2: Based on the design of the planting window (1), calculate the load that the load-bearing module (2) needs to bear, design the size or reinforcement of the load-bearing module (2), complete the production of the load-bearing module (2), and then produce the root control anchoring module (6) according to the size of the load-bearing module (2); Step 3: Set the size and quantity of the vegetation bag (4) according to the size of the internal space of the load-bearing module (2) to ensure that the vegetation bag (4) can be completely filled, and then fill the greening matrix and plant seeds into the vegetation bag (4) and seal it; Step 4: Follow the conventional mortar masonry retaining wall construction process to build the masonry. When the masonry reaches the designed planting window (1), level the base surface at that location, then build the load-bearing module (2) on the base surface, continue to build stones on both sides and the top surface of the load-bearing module (2), and embed the load-bearing module (2) into the mortar masonry retaining wall (9); Step 5: When the mortar masonry retaining wall (9) is built to the position of the drainage pipe (72) above the load-bearing module (2), the drainage pipe (72) is placed in line with the drainage hole (21) at the top of the load-bearing module (2), and the drainage pipe (72) is tilted outward by 3% to 5%. The end of the drainage pipe (72) is wrapped with a geotextile filter cloth, and the mortar around the drainage pipe (72) is filled and compacted, and then the upper mortar masonry retaining wall (9) is continued to be built; Step 6: After the masonry retaining wall (9) is partially built, the back of the wall is filled with soil. When the soil is filled to the position of the load-bearing module (2), the root control anchoring module (6) is installed on the load-bearing module (2). The root control anchoring module (6) is perpendicular to the sliding surface (10) of the soil behind the masonry retaining wall (9); Step 7: driving anchor bolts into the overlapping surface formed by the root control anchoring module (6) and the load-bearing module (2); Step 8: Fix the water storage container (71) below the drainage hole (21) in the load-bearing module (2), connect the water inlet hole (711) to the drainage pipe (72), and face the overflow port (712) toward the wall surface of the mortar masonry retaining wall (9). Tie one end of the water absorption line (74) into a bundle and connect it to the counterweight (75), and connect the other end to the seepage needle (76). Insert one end of the counterweight (75) into the water storage container (71) through the outlet hole (713) and place it at the bottom of the water storage container (71). Leave one end of the seepage needle (76) outside the water storage container (71). Step 9: Stack the vegetation bags (4) into the interior of the load-bearing module (2), stagger the vertical seams of the upper and lower layers, and lay them layer by layer to fill the remaining space of the entire load-bearing module (2); Step 10: While laying the vegetation bag (4), a water seepage needle tube (76) with a hole is inserted into the vegetation bag (4); Step 11: Continue filling the back of the wall. When the filling reaches the position of the drainage pipe (72), lay the filter layer (73), and then carry out other conventional construction procedures to complete the construction of the mortar masonry retaining wall (9).

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