A fire-retardant thermal insulation material containing a foamed polymer composite aerogel, and a preparation method and application thereof
By introducing an aerogel structure and adding flame retardants into polylactic acid foam, a flame-retardant thermal insulation material is prepared, which solves the problems of flammability and difficult degradation of EPS boards, and achieves efficient thermal insulation and flame retardant effects. It is suitable for a variety of buildings and meets green building standards.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NINGBO INST OF MATERIALS TECH & ENG CHINESE ACAD OF SCI
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-09
AI Technical Summary
Existing thermal insulation materials such as EPS boards are flammable and difficult to degrade, leading to safety hazards and environmental pollution. Traditional materials also cause visual pollution and white pollution after their service life ends.
Flame-retardant thermal insulation materials are prepared by introducing aerogel structures into polylactic acid foam. The small pore size of the aerogel and the synergistic effect of the bubbles in the polylactic acid foam enhance the thermal insulation effect. Polyurethane emulsion, flame retardant, thickener and leveling agent are added to improve the flame retardancy and smoothness of the material.
It achieves high-efficiency thermal insulation and flame retardant properties, slows down temperature changes inside buildings, meets green building requirements, is biodegradable, is suitable for various building types, and improves the quality of the living environment and energy efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN118271692B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of thermal insulation materials, and relates to a flame-retardant thermal insulation material containing foamed polymer composite aerogel, its preparation method and application. Background Technology
[0002] Currently, the thermal insulation materials widely used in roofing projects include polystyrene foam (EPS, XPS), rigid polyurethane foam, and aerated concrete blocks. However, EPS boards have been exposed as a safety hazard in several high-rise building fire accidents due to their flammability, which limits their application in high-rise buildings.
[0003] Meanwhile, traditional insulation materials such as polystyrene foam not only create visual pollution after their service life ends, but also become "white pollution" due to their difficulty in natural degradation, posing a potential threat to the ecological environment. Against this backdrop, polylactic acid (PLA) has emerged as a novel biodegradable material. Derived from renewable plant resources such as corn starch, it possesses excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility, transparency, gloss, heat resistance, and tactile properties, while also exhibiting certain antibacterial, UV-resistant, and flame-retardant characteristics. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing thermal insulation materials by providing a flame-retardant thermal insulation material containing foamed polymer composite aerogel, its preparation method, and its application.
[0005] One objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:
[0006] A flame-retardant thermal insulation material containing a foamed polymer composite aerogel, wherein the raw materials for preparing the flame-retardant thermal insulation material include foamed polylactic acid composite aerogel.
[0007] Preferably, the preparation method of the foamed polylactic acid composite aerogel includes the following steps: adding an acid solution to an organic solution, then adding aerogel raw materials, then adding ammonia water, then quickly pouring the mixture into a container containing the foamed polymer, pressing to allow the foamed polylactic acid to absorb the mixture, aging, drying, and then heat treatment to obtain the foamed polymer composite aerogel.
[0008] In the preparation method of the foamed polymer composite aerogel, preferably, the volume ratio of acid solution, organic solution, aerogel raw material and ammonia water in the mixture is (0.01~10):(5~60):(1~30):(1~30).
[0009] More preferably, the volume ratio of the acid solution, organic solution, aerogel raw material, and ammonia is (0.1-1):(10-30):(1-10):(1-10).
[0010] In the preparation method of the foamed polymer composite aerogel, preferably, the ratio of foamed polymer to mixture is (1-30) g: (1-50) ml.
[0011] More preferably, the ratio of the foaming polymer to the mixture is (1-10)g:(20-40)ml.
[0012] In the preparation method of the foamed polymer composite aerogel, preferably, the organic solution is prepared by mixing water and organic solvent at a volume ratio of (1-10):(1-10), wherein the organic solvent includes one or more of ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and acetone. Ethanol is further preferred.
[0013] Preferably, the stirring speed of the water and organic solvent is 100-800 rpm, and the stirring time is 10-200 min.
[0014] In the preparation method of the foamed polymer composite aerogel, preferably, the acid solution is a mixture of acid and water, wherein the acid is one or more selected from hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid, carbonic acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, and phosphoric acid. Hydrochloric acid is more preferably preferred.
[0015] More preferably, the concentration of the acid solution is 0.01–10 mol / L.
[0016] In the preparation method of the foamed polymer composite aerogel, preferably, the acid solution is added to the organic solution and stirred at a speed of 100-800 rpm for 10-200 min.
[0017] In the preparation method of the foamed polymer composite aerogel, preferably, the aerogel raw material includes one or more of methyltrimethoxysiloxane, tetraethyl orthosilicate, and water glass. Methyltrimethoxysiloxane is more preferably used.
[0018] In the preparation method of the foamed polymer composite aerogel, preferably, the aerogel raw material is added and then stirred at a speed of 100-800 rpm for 10-200 min.
[0019] In the preparation method of the foamed polymer composite aerogel, preferably, the mass fraction of ammonia water is 10-60%.
[0020] In the preparation method of the foamed polymer composite aerogel, preferably, ammonia water is added and then stirred at a speed of 100-1500 rpm for 10-200 s.
[0021] In the preparation method of the foamed polymer composite aerogel, preferably, the foamed polymer includes one or more of foamed polylactic acid, foamed polystyrene, and foamed polyurethane. More preferably, it is foamed polylactic acid.
[0022] Preferably, the particle size of the foamed polymer is 0.05 to 5 mm.
[0023] Further preferably, the particle size of the foamed polymer is 0.1–2 mm. If the particle size of the foamed polymer is too large, it needs to be crushed and sieved using a liquid nitrogen crusher. The particle size of the foamed polymer determines the smoothness of the material surface; the smaller the particle size, the higher the smoothness.
[0024] Preferably, the pore size of the foamed polymer is 2 to 50 nm.
[0025] In the preparation method of the foamed polymer composite aerogel, preferably, the aging temperature is 1-40℃ and the time is 3-12h.
[0026] In the preparation method of the foamed polymer composite aerogel, preferably, the drying temperature is 40-70℃ and the drying time is 1-20h.
[0027] In the preparation method of the foamed polymer composite aerogel, preferably, the heat treatment temperature is 70-100℃ and the time is 1-20h.
[0028] Preferably, the raw materials for preparing the flame-retardant thermal insulation material containing foamed polymer composite aerogel also include polyurethane emulsion.
[0029] Preferably, the polyurethane emulsion includes one or more of anionic polyurethane emulsions, cationic polyurethane emulsions, and nonionic polyurethane emulsions.
[0030] Preferably, the mass ratio of the foamed polymer composite aerogel to the polyurethane emulsion is (1-20):(10-40).
[0031] Preferably, the raw materials for preparing the flame-retardant thermal insulation material containing foamed polymer composite aerogel also include one or more of flame retardants, thickeners, and leveling agents.
[0032] The mass ratio of the flame retardant to the foamed polymer composite aerogel is (0.01-10):(1-20).
[0033] The mass ratio of the thickener to the foamed polymer composite aerogel is (0.1-10):(1-20).
[0034] The mass ratio of the leveling agent to the foaming polymer composite aerogel is (0.01-10):(1-20).
[0035] Preferably, the raw materials for preparing the flame-retardant thermal insulation material containing foamed polymer composite aerogel include foamed polymer composite aerogel, polyurethane emulsion, flame retardant, thickener and leveling agent.
[0036] Preferably, the flame retardant includes one or more of antimony trioxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, halogenated, phosphorus-based, halogen-phosphorus-based, nitrogen-based, silicon-based, organic flame retardants, and polymeric flame retardants. Antimony trioxide is more preferably preferred.
[0037] Preferably, the thickener includes one or more of BYK-420, starch, pectin, agar, methylcellulose, and carboxymethylcellulose. More preferably, it is BYK-420.
[0038] Preferably, the leveling agent includes one or more of isophorone, diacetone alcohol, organosilicon compounds, and fluorocarbon compounds.
[0039] Another objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:
[0040] A method for preparing a flame-retardant thermal insulation material containing a foamed polymer composite aerogel, the method comprising the following steps: stirring and dispersing a polyurethane emulsion evenly, then adding the foamed polymer composite aerogel and stirring and dispersing it evenly.
[0041] Preferably, the preparation method includes the following steps: stirring and dispersing the polyurethane emulsion evenly, adding a flame retardant and stirring and dispersing it evenly, and then adding a foamed polymer composite aerogel and stirring and dispersing it evenly.
[0042] Further preferably, the preparation method includes the following steps: stirring and dispersing the polyurethane emulsion evenly, adding a flame retardant and stirring and dispersing evenly, then adding a foaming polymer composite aerogel and stirring and dispersing evenly, and finally adding a thickener and / or a leveling agent.
[0043] Preferably, the polyurethane emulsion is stirred at a temperature of 10–60°C, a speed of 100–800 rpm, and a time of 10–200 min.
[0044] Preferably, the stirring speed after adding the foamed polymer composite aerogel is 100-800 rpm and the stirring time is 10-200 min.
[0045] Preferably, the stirring speed after the flame retardant is added is 100-800 rpm, and the stirring time is 10-200 min.
[0046] Preferably, the stirring speed after adding the thickener and leveling agent is 100-800 rpm and the stirring time is 1-100 min.
[0047] Preferably, the preparation method further includes: after all raw materials are stirred and dispersed evenly, they are poured into a mold for drying.
[0048] Preferably, the mold has a length of 1–1000 cm, a width of 1–1000 cm, and a height of 1–10 mm.
[0049] Preferably, the drying operation is as follows: first, dry at 1-40℃ for 1-20 hours, and then dry at 40-100℃ for 1-20 hours.
[0050] Another objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:
[0051] Application of a flame-retardant thermal insulation material containing foamed polymer composite aerogel in the preparation of wallpaper and building materials.
[0052] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0053] 1. The foamed polymer composite aerogel prepared in this invention uses expanded polylactic acid (PLA) as a raw material. Through an in-situ reaction with methyltrimethoxysilane within PLA, a foamed polymer composite aerogel structure is successfully constructed. The abundant air bubbles in PLA itself can hinder heat transfer, thereby reducing the thermal conductivity of the material. Further introducing the aerogel structure, the aerogel has a smaller pore size, and its synergistic effect with PLA further enhances the thermal insulation effect, resulting in a final material with excellent thermal insulation properties.
[0054] 2. This invention provides a flame-retardant thermal insulation material containing foamed polymer composite aerogel. The raw materials for preparing this material include foamed polymer composite aerogel, which has excellent thermal insulation effect and certain flame-retardant properties.
[0055] 3. This invention provides a flame-retardant thermal insulation material containing foamed polymer composite aerogel, which can effectively mitigate temperature changes inside buildings, and is crucial for energy conservation, emission reduction, and improving the quality of the living environment. This material is highly compatible with the requirements of green buildings and has a positive impact on improving residents' living conditions and overall social energy efficiency.
[0056] 4. The foamed polymer composite aerogel prepared by this invention uses polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable material, as a raw material. Choosing PLA for the preparation of the composite aerogel not only improves the technical specifications of the thermal insulation material but also reflects an emphasis on environmental protection. This material has wide applicability and is not limited to residential buildings; it can also be used in various buildings such as commercial office buildings, steel structure factories, and airports as a highly efficient and environmentally friendly thermal insulation material. Attached Figure Description
[0057] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the foamed polylactic acid in-situ composite aerogel of the present invention.
[0058] Figure 2 These are physical images of the flame-retardant thermal insulation materials of Examples 1-4 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0059] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, the accompanying drawings used herein are merely for better illustrating the content disclosed in the present invention and do not limit the scope of protection. It should also be understood that after reading the teachings of this invention, those skilled in the art can make various modifications or alterations to the invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.
[0060] In the following examples and comparative examples, the solid content of the polyurethane emulsion is 55%.
[0061] Example 1
[0062] In this embodiment, the expanded polylactic acid has a particle size of 0.1-2 mm, a pore size of 2-50 nm, and a mold size of 10 cm × 10 cm × 4.5 mm.
[0063] The preparation method of the flame-retardant and thermal insulation material containing foamed polymer composite aerogel in this embodiment includes the following steps: 20g of polyurethane emulsion is placed in a 200ml beaker, and then stirred at room temperature with a stirring paddle at a speed of 300rpm for 20min; then 0.6g of antimony trioxide is added and stirred at a speed of 300rpm for 30min; then 10g of foamed polymer composite aerogel is added and stirred at a speed of 300rpm for 40min; then 1g of BYK-420 and 0.6g of isophorone are added and stirred at a speed of 300rpm for 10min; finally, the material is poured into a mold and flattened, dried at room temperature for 5h, and then dried in a forced-air oven at 50℃ for 2h to obtain the target product, a flame-retardant and thermal insulation wallpaper material containing foamed polymer composite aerogel.
[0064] The preparation method of the foamed polymer composite aerogel includes the following steps: 20 ml of water and alcohol are added to a container in a 1:1 ratio and stirred at room temperature at 300 rpm for 8 min; then 0.5 ml of 0.1 mol / L hydrochloric acid is added and stirred at 300 rpm for 40 min; then 5 ml of methyltrimethoxysiloxane is added and stirred at 300 rpm for 1 h; finally, 3 ml of ammonia water (25% by mass) is added and stirred vigorously for a short time at 600 rpm for 45 s; after stirring, the mixture is quickly poured into a container containing 5 g of foamed polylactic acid and pressed so that the foamed polylactic acid can absorb the above mixture; aged at room temperature for 5 h, dried in an oven at 50℃ for 4 h, and then the temperature is increased to 80℃ for 5 h to obtain the target product, the foamed polymer composite aerogel.
[0065] Example 2
[0066] The only difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the mold in this example is 10cm×10cm×6.5mm.
[0067] In this embodiment, the particle size of the foamed polylactic acid is 0.1-2 mm and the pore size is 2-50 nm. The preparation steps of the flame-retardant thermal insulation material and the foamed polymer composite aerogel are the same as in Example 1.
[0068] Example 3
[0069] The only difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that the mold in this example is 10cm×10cm×7.5mm.
[0070] In this embodiment, the particle size of the foamed polylactic acid is 0.1-2 mm and the pore size is 2-50 nm. The preparation steps of the flame-retardant thermal insulation material and the foamed polymer composite aerogel are the same as in Example 1.
[0071] Example 4
[0072] The only difference between Example 4 and Example 1 is that the mold in this example is 10cm×10cm×9.5mm.
[0073] In this embodiment, the particle size of the foamed polylactic acid is 0.1-2 mm and the pore size is 2-50 nm. The preparation steps of the flame-retardant thermal insulation material and the foamed polymer composite aerogel are the same as in Example 1.
[0074] Example 5
[0075] The only difference between Example 5 and Example 1 is that the parameters of each component in the raw materials for preparing flame-retardant thermal insulation materials and foamed polymer composite aerogels are different.
[0076] In this embodiment, the expanded polylactic acid has a particle size of 0.1-2 mm, a pore size of 2-50 nm, and a mold size of 10 cm × 10 cm × 4.5 mm.
[0077] The preparation method of the flame-retardant and thermal insulation material containing foamed polymer composite aerogel in this embodiment includes the following steps: 30g of polyurethane emulsion is placed in a 200ml beaker, and then stirred at room temperature with a stirring paddle at a speed of 300rpm for 20min; then 0.8g of antimony trioxide is added and stirred at a speed of 300rpm for 30min; then 15g of foamed polymer composite aerogel is added and stirred at a speed of 300rpm for 40min; then 0.8g of BYK-420 and 0.8g of isophorone are added and stirred at a speed of 300rpm for 10min; finally, the material is poured into a mold and flattened, dried at room temperature for 5h, and then dried in a forced-air oven at 50℃ for 2h to obtain the target product, a flame-retardant and thermal insulation wallpaper material containing foamed polymer composite aerogel.
[0078] The preparation method of the foamed polymer composite aerogel includes the following steps: 20 ml of water and alcohol are added to a container in a 2:1 ratio and stirred at room temperature at 300 rpm for 8 min; then 0.1 ml of 0.5 mol / L hydrochloric acid is added and stirred at 300 rpm for 40 min; then 5 ml of methyltrimethoxysiloxane is added and stirred at 300 rpm for 1 h; finally, 5 ml of ammonia water (15% by mass) is added and stirred vigorously for a short time at 600 rpm for 45 s; after stirring, the mixture is quickly poured into a container containing 5 g of foamed polylactic acid and pressed so that the foamed polylactic acid can absorb the above mixture; aged at room temperature for 5 h, dried in an oven at 50℃ for 4 h, and then the temperature is increased to 80℃ for 5 h to obtain the target product, the foamed polymer composite aerogel.
[0079] Comparative Example 1
[0080] The only difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the raw materials prepared in this comparative example do not contain foamed polymer composite aerogel.
[0081] The mold dimensions in this comparative example are 10cm×10cm×4.5mm.
[0082] The preparation method of this comparative material includes the following steps: 20g of polyurethane emulsion is placed in a 200ml beaker and stirred at room temperature at 300rpm for 20min; then 0.6g of antimony trioxide is added and stirred at 300rpm for 30min; then 1g of BYK-420 and 0.6g of isophorone are added and stirred at 300rpm for 10min; then the material is poured into a mold and flattened, dried at room temperature for 5h, and then dried in a forced-air oven at 50℃ for 2h to obtain the comparative material.
[0083] Comparative Example 2
[0084] The only difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that this comparative example uses only expanded polylactic acid particles to prepare the material.
[0085] In this comparative example, the expanded polylactic acid has a particle size of 0.1–2 mm, a pore size of 2–50 nm, and a mold size of 10 cm × 10 cm × 4.5 mm.
[0086] The preparation method of this comparative material includes the following steps: 20g of polyurethane emulsion is placed in a 200ml beaker and stirred at room temperature at 300rpm for 20min; then 0.6g of antimony trioxide is added and stirred at 300rpm for 30min; then 10g of expanded polylactic acid granules are added and stirred at 300rpm for 40min; then 1g of BYK-420 and 0.6g of isophorone are added and stirred at 300rpm for 10min; then the material is poured into a mold and flattened, dried at room temperature for 5h, and then dried in a forced-air oven at 50℃ for 2h to obtain the wallpaper material.
[0087] The process for preparing the foamed polymer composite aerogel according to embodiments of the present invention, and the actual product image of the flame-retardant thermal insulation material are shown below. Figures 1-2 .
[0088] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the foamed polylactic acid in-situ composite aerogel of the present invention.
[0089] Figure 2 These are physical images of the flame-retardant thermal insulation materials of Examples 1-4 of the present invention.
[0090] The thermal insulation performance data of the materials in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were tested.
[0091] Specific thermal insulation performance test method: Place the material on a heating platform at a constant temperature of 80℃ and heat it at room temperature for 1 hour. Then use an infrared thermometer to test the temperature of the material surface. The specific test results are shown in Table 1.
[0092] Table 1. Thermal insulation performance data of wallpaper materials in the examples and comparative examples.
[0093]
[0094]
[0095] As shown in Table 1, the flame-retardant thermal insulation material with added foamed polymer composite aerogel in the examples has better thermal insulation performance and lower thermal conductivity.
[0096] As can be seen from Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the addition of expanded polylactic acid in Comparative Example 2 resulted in a lower thermal conductivity than that in Comparative Example 1. This is because expanded polylactic acid contains abundant air bubbles, and the gas in the air bubbles can increase the thermal resistance, thus reducing the thermal conductivity of the material.
[0097] As can be seen from Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, the expanded polylactic acid (PLA) contains an internal composite aerogel. The aerogel and PLA have a synergistic effect, which makes the thermal conductivity of Example 1 even lower than that of Comparative Example 2, resulting in excellent thermal insulation performance.
[0098] As can be seen from Examples 1-4, flame-retardant thermal insulation materials of different thicknesses were prepared. When the heating platform was kept at a constant temperature of 80°C, the thermal insulation effect gradually increased with the increase of thickness. When the material thickness was 9.5 mm, the temperature could be reduced to about 27°C, close to room temperature. As the temperature of the heating platform decreased, the surface temperature of the insulation material also decreased, eventually approaching room temperature. This reduces heat transfer with the air, achieving a thermal insulation effect. The flame-retardant effect of all samples was within V0.
[0099] As can be seen from Examples 1 and 5, the flame-retardant thermal insulation material prepared using the raw material parameters within the scope of protection of this invention still has excellent thermal insulation performance and good flame-retardant performance.
[0100] All aspects, embodiments, and features of this invention should be considered illustrative in all respects and not limiting of the invention; the scope of the invention is defined only by the claims. Other embodiments, modifications, and uses will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed.
[0101] In the preparation method of this invention, the order of the steps is not limited to the listed order. For those skilled in the art, variations in the order of the steps without creative effort are also within the scope of protection of this invention. Furthermore, two or more steps or actions can be performed simultaneously.
[0102] Finally, it should be noted that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative examples of the invention and are not intended to limit the implementation of the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or use similar methods to replace them; it is neither necessary nor possible to exemplify all embodiments here. However, these obvious variations or modifications derived from the essential spirit of the invention still fall within the scope of protection of the invention, and interpreting them as any additional limitation would contradict the spirit of the invention.
Claims
1. A flame-retardant and thermally insulating material containing expanded polylactic acid composite aerogel, characterized in that, The raw materials for preparing the flame-retardant thermal insulation material include expanded polylactic acid composite aerogel, polyurethane emulsion, and one or more of flame retardants, thickeners and leveling agents. The expanded polylactic acid has a particle size of 0.05~5mm and a pore size of 2~50nm; The mass ratio of the foamed polylactic acid composite aerogel to the polyurethane emulsion is (1~20):(10~40). The preparation method of the foamed polylactic acid composite aerogel includes the following steps: adding an acid solution to an organic solution, then adding aerogel raw materials, then adding ammonia water, then quickly pouring the mixture into a container containing foamed polylactic acid, pressing to allow the foamed polylactic acid to absorb the mixture, aging, drying, and then heat treatment to obtain the foamed polylactic acid composite aerogel. The aerogel raw material is methyltrimethoxysiloxane; The preparation method of the flame-retardant thermal insulation material containing expanded polylactic acid composite aerogel includes the following steps: after stirring and dispersing the polyurethane emulsion evenly, adding the flame retardant and stirring and dispersing evenly, and then adding the expanded polylactic acid composite aerogel and stirring and dispersing evenly. Alternatively, the preparation method includes the following steps: after stirring and dispersing the polyurethane emulsion evenly, adding a flame retardant and stirring and dispersing it evenly, then adding foamed polylactic acid composite aerogel and stirring and dispersing it evenly, and finally adding a thickener and / or a leveling agent.
2. The flame-retardant and thermal insulation material containing expanded polylactic acid composite aerogel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The volume ratio of acid solution, organic solution, aerogel raw material, and ammonia in the mixture is (0.01~10):(5~60):(1~30):(1~30); the ratio of expanded polylactic acid to the mixture is (1~30) g:(1~50) ml.
3. The flame-retardant and thermal insulation material containing expanded polylactic acid composite aerogel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic solution is prepared by mixing water and organic solvent in a volume ratio of (1~10):(1~10), wherein the organic solvent includes one or more of ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and acetone. And / or, the acid solution is a mixture of acid and water with a concentration of 0.01~10 mol / L, wherein the acid is one or more of hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid, carbonic acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, and phosphoric acid.
4. The flame-retardant and thermal insulation material containing expanded polylactic acid composite aerogel according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the preparation method of the foamed polylactic acid composite aerogel, the acid solution is added to the organic solution and stirred at a speed of 100-800 rpm for 10-200 min. And / or, after adding the aerogel material, stir at a speed of 100~800 rpm for 10~200 min; And / or, after adding ammonia water, stir at a speed of 100~1500 rpm for 10~200 s; And / or, the aging temperature is 1~40℃, and the time is 3~12h; And / or, the drying temperature is 40~70℃, and the time is 1~20h; And / or, the heat treatment temperature is 70~100℃, and the time is 1~20h.
5. The flame-retardant and thermal insulation material containing expanded polylactic acid composite aerogel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the flame retardant to the expanded polylactic acid composite aerogel is (0.01~10):(1~20). The mass ratio of the thickener to the expanded polylactic acid composite aerogel is (0.1~10):(1~20). The mass ratio of the leveling agent to the expanded polylactic acid composite aerogel is (0.01~10):(1~20).
6. A method for preparing a flame-retardant and thermally insulating material containing expanded polylactic acid composite aerogel as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: after stirring and dispersing the polyurethane emulsion evenly, adding the flame retardant and stirring and dispersing it evenly, then adding the foamed polylactic acid composite aerogel and stirring and dispersing it evenly. Alternatively, the preparation method includes the following steps: after stirring and dispersing the polyurethane emulsion evenly, adding a flame retardant and stirring and dispersing it evenly, then adding foamed polylactic acid composite aerogel and stirring and dispersing it evenly, and finally adding a thickener and / or a leveling agent.
7. The preparation method of a flame-retardant and thermally insulating material containing expanded polylactic acid composite aerogel according to claim 6, characterized in that, The preparation method further includes: after all raw materials are stirred and dispersed evenly, they are poured into a mold for drying; the drying operation is: first drying at 1~40℃ for 1~20h, and then drying at 40~100℃ for 1~20h.
8. The application of a flame-retardant thermal insulation material containing expanded polylactic acid composite aerogel as described in any one of claims 1-5 in the preparation of wallpaper and building materials.