Mechanical time projectile fuze with universal firing function

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of aerial bomb fuze, especially to a mechanical time aerial bomb fuze with universal ignition function. The aerial bomb fuze currently used has problems of large timing error, insufficient ignition reliability and safety. The present application designs an anemometer and an isokinetic speed regulator, and through the regulation and control of the two, effectively increases the timing accuracy and safety. Considering that the M904 fuze adopts an impact ignition mechanism, if the angle of the aerial bomb when landing is not within the range of impact ignition, normal ignition will not be achieved. To overcome this limitation, the present application adopts a universal inertia ignition mechanism, improving the ignition reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aviation bomb fuse technology, specifically to a novel aviation bomb time mechanical fuse with omnidirectional ignition function. Background Technology

[0002] As a critical component determining whether an munition will detonate at the appropriate time, the fuse's safety release and ignition performance play a decisive role in the effectiveness of an aerial bomb. Poor safety release and ignition performance of the fuse may cause the bomb to detonate at an inappropriate time or place, or even fail to detonate at all. This could not only lead to mission failure but also pose potential dangers to the bomb's user.

[0003] However, the conditions under which bombs are dropped, such as altitude, speed, and drop angle, have a significant impact on the deactivation and detonation performance of the fuse. For example, if the safety mechanism disengages too early when an aircraft drops bombs at low altitude, the aircraft may not be able to escape the bomb's blast radius, potentially causing damage to the aircraft and the pilot. The drop angle alters the bomb's trajectory and impact pattern, thus affecting whether the fuse detonates properly upon impact with the target.

[0004] Therefore, in-depth research on improving the safety release accuracy and ignition performance of bomb fuses has significant theoretical and practical value. This not only provides theoretical support for improving fuse design, thereby enhancing the performance and safety of bombs, but also presents new challenges and opportunities due to the continuous development of new technologies, such as the use of new materials, new structures, new principles, and the application of digital and information technologies. New materials may alter the physical properties of fuses, enabling them to operate in more extreme environments.

[0005] Given the significant differences in rotor speed at different altitudes and speeds, failure to control the speed of the input gear train will lead to significant deviations in the release time. This invention designs a fuze timing mechanism to control the minimum and maximum speeds of the input gear train, thereby improving timing accuracy; and employs a structure with omnidirectional firing capability to enhance firing reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention aims to provide a mechanically timed bomb fuze with omnidirectional firing capability, effectively solving the issues of large timing errors and insufficient firing reliability in existing fuzes. The timing mechanism of the common bomb fuze M904 is controlled solely by a constant velocity regulator, which can cause the fuze to disengage due to rotor rotation during transportation and storage, leading to a dangerous situation. This invention incorporates an anemometer and a constant velocity regulator to control the minimum and maximum speeds of the input gear train, keeping the speed within the range of 1200 rpm to 1800 rpm, thus preventing premature disengagement. The M904 fuze uses an impact firing mechanism; if the bomb's landing angle is outside the impact firing range, it cannot fire properly. This invention employs an omnidirectional inertial firing mechanism, enabling normal firing upon impact with the ground from any angle.

[0007] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] A mechanical time-detonating bomb fuse with omnidirectional firing capability includes a timing mechanism, an omnidirectional firing mechanism, a fuse body, a pull-out mechanism, a pull-out pin, a long safety rod, a safety pin, an isolating rotor, a partition, an impact firing mechanism bracket, a fork, a propellant charge, and a short safety rod. The timing mechanism is located at the head of the fuse body, and its relative movement to the fuse body is restricted by lugs on its outer shell. The omnidirectional firing mechanism is located within the fuse body cavity. The pull-out mechanism is threaded onto the fuse body. The pull-out pin is mounted on the pull-out mechanism by lugs. The upper end of the long safety rod contacts the pull-out pin. The upper end of the safety pin contacts the long safety rod. A hole on the isolating rotor engages with the safety pin, and the isolating rotor is fixed by the safety pin. The teeth of the isolating rotor engage with the teeth on the partition, and after the safety is engaged, the isolating rotor can drive the partition to rotate. A flame detonator is located below the partition.

[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0010] The timing mechanism includes a rotor, a rotor anti-rotation latch, a timing mechanism housing, a reduction gear train, an anemometer, a constant velocity regulator, a chain wheel, a rotor seat, and an anemometer shaft. The rotor has two through holes that engage with two pins on the rotor seat. The lower surface of the rotor has two protrusions that engage with grooves on the rotor seat. The rotor is fixed to the rotor seat. The rotor anti-rotation latch is connected to a retainer on the rotor seat. There are bearings for lubrication between the rotor seat and the timing mechanism housing, and between the anemometer and the timing mechanism housing. The rotor seat is connected to the anemometer shaft by threads and spot riveting. The other end of the anemometer shaft is riveted to the anemometer. Rotation of the rotor can drive the anemometer to rotate. The constant velocity regulator, reduction gear train, and chain wheel are fixed by a central shaft.

[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0012] The universal firing mechanism includes an upper striking body, an upper firing body, a ballistic safety spring, a firing pin, a lower firing body, a percussion cap, and a lower striking body. The upper striking body and the lower firing body are placed inside the fuse body. When the safety is not disengaged, the upper part of the upper striking body is held in place by the fork of the impact firing mechanism, and the ballistic safety spring is in a state of maximum compression. The firing pin is fixed to the upper firing body by a pin and can rotate around the pin. The percussion cap is connected to the lower firing body by a thread.

[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0014] The constant velocity regulator includes small centrifugal blocks, a lower sprocket, and a clamp spring. Four long rivets and four short rivets fix four small centrifugal blocks in the grooves of the lower sprocket. The small centrifugal blocks can move radially relative to the lower sprocket. The clamp spring is sleeved on the outside of the small centrifugal blocks.

[0015] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0016] The anemometer includes a centrifugal block, an upper sprocket, and a clamp spring. The centrifugal block in the anemometer is constrained and contracted inward by the clamp spring. When the rotational speed is less than 1200 rpm, it does not contact the sprocket. Similarly, the small centrifugal block in the constant velocity regulator contracts inward and contacts the lower sprocket. Since the sprocket is not rotating, the constant velocity regulator has no rotational speed and therefore does not drive the gear train to rotate. When the rotational speed is greater than 1200 rpm, the centrifugal block opens due to centrifugal force and engages the sprocket, driving the gear train to rotate. When the rotational speed is greater than 1800 rpm, the small centrifugal block in the constant velocity regulator opens and does not contact the lower sprocket, thus failing to drive the gear train to rotate.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages:

[0018] 1. Ensures timing accuracy: The common mechanical bomb fuse M904 only controls the maximum speed of the input gear train, while this invention controls the minimum and maximum speed of the input gear train through an anemometer and constant velocity regulator, so that the speed of the input gear train is within the range of 1200rpm to 1800rpm, which improves timing accuracy, prevents premature release of the safety device, and better protects the safety of the aircraft and pilot.

[0019] 2. Ensures reliable ignition: This invention uses a universal inertial ignition mechanism, which can ignite normally upon impact with the ground from any angle. Airborne bombs typically have two or more fuses; impact ignition fuses only ignite the fuse at the impacted end. The universal inertial ignition mechanism can ignite all fuses installed in any position, resulting in higher ignition reliability.

[0020] 3. High Safety: This invention features multiple safety mechanisms; the explosive cannot detonate until all safety mechanisms are fully disengaged. An anemometer limits the minimum rotational speed of the input gear train, ensuring that the safety mechanisms cannot be disengaged during storage, transportation, and operation. This invention also possesses a certain degree of overload resistance; under a 20G overload, none of the components will be damaged.

[0021] 4. Strong anti-interference capability: This invention is a purely mechanical fuse, which is not affected by electromagnetic interference and can be used in various complex combat environments. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the fuse structure described in this invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the universal firing mechanism of the present invention disarming the safety device;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-ignition mechanism before inertial ignition described in this invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the inertial ignition and subsequent ignition mechanism described in this invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the fuse operation described in this invention.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Timing mechanism; 2. Universal firing mechanism; 3. Fuze; 4. Pull-out mechanism; 5. Pull-out pin; 6. Long safety bar; 7. Safety pin; 8. Isolation rotor; 9. Partition plate; 10. Impact firing mechanism bracket; 11. Shift fork; 12. Explosive cake; 13. Short safety bar; 101. Rotor; 102. Rotor anti-rotation latch; 103. Timing mechanism housing; 104. Reduction gear train; 105. Anemometer; 106. Constant velocity regulator; 112. Crank; 107. Centrifugal block; 108. Upper crank; 109. Hoop spring; 110. Small centrifugal block; 111. Lower crank; 201. Upper impact body; 202. Upper firing body; 203. Ballistic safety spring; 204. Firing pin; 205. Lower firing body; 206. Percussion cap; 207. Lower impact body. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] See Figure 1The bomb fuse consists of a timing mechanism 1, a universal firing mechanism 2, a fuse body 3, a pull-out mechanism 4, a pull-out pin 5, a long safety rod 6, a safety pin 7, an isolation rotor 8, a partition 9, an impact firing mechanism bracket 10, a fork 11, a propellant charge 12, and a short safety rod 13. The timing mechanism 1 is located at the head of the fuse body 3, and its relative movement to the fuse body 3 is restricted by lugs on the timing mechanism housing 103. The universal firing mechanism 2 is located inside the fuse body 3. The pull-out mechanism 4 is threaded onto the fuse body 3. The pull-out pin 5 is constrained to the pull-out mechanism 4 by lugs. The upper end of the long safety rod 6 contacts the pull-out pin 5. The upper end of the safety pin 7 contacts the long safety rod 6. The hole on the isolation rotor 8 engages with the safety pin 7, restricting its rotation. The teeth of the isolation rotor 8 engage with the teeth on the partition 9; after the safety is engaged, the isolation rotor 8 can drive the partition 9 to rotate. Below the partition 9 is the flame detonator.

[0031] The timing mechanism 1 consists of a rotor 101, a rotor anti-rotation latch 102, a timing mechanism housing 103, a reduction gear train 104, an anemometer 105, a constant velocity regulator 106, a chain 112, a rotor seat 113, and an anemometer shaft 114. The rotor 101 has two through holes that engage with two locking pins on the rotor seat 113, and two protrusions on the lower surface of the rotor 101 that engage with grooves on the rotor seat 113, thus fixing the rotor 101 to the rotor seat 113. The rotor anti-rotation latch 102 is connected to a retainer on the rotor seat 113. Bearings provide lubrication between the rotor seat 113 and the timing mechanism housing 103, and between the anemometer 105 and the timing mechanism housing 103. The rotor seat 113 is threaded to the anemometer shaft 114 and riveted. The other end of the anemometer shaft 114 is riveted to the anemometer 105. This allows the rotor 101 to rotate, which in turn drives the anemometer 105 to rotate. The constant velocity regulator 106, the reduction gear train 104, and the gear sprocket 112 are fixed together by a central shaft.

[0032] The constant velocity regulator 106 consists of a small centrifugal block 110, a lower sprocket 111, and a clamp spring 109. Four long rivets and four short rivets fix four small centrifugal blocks 110 to the grooves of the lower sprocket 111, allowing the small centrifugal blocks 110 to move radially relative to the lower sprocket 111. The clamp spring 109 is fitted over the small centrifugal blocks 110. The anemometer 105 consists of a centrifugal block 107, an upper sprocket 108, and a clamp spring 109. The structure of the anemometer 105 is similar to that of the constant velocity regulator 106.

[0033] The centrifugal block 107 in the anemometer 105 is constrained by the clamp spring and retracts inward. When the speed is less than 1200 rpm, it does not contact the chain 112. The small centrifugal block 110 in the constant velocity regulator 106 also retracts inward and contacts the lower chain 111. However, since the chain 112 does not rotate, the constant velocity regulator 106 has no speed and therefore does not drive the gear train 104 to rotate. When the speed is greater than 1200 rpm, the centrifugal block opens due to centrifugal force and engages the chain 112, driving the gear train 104 to rotate. When the speed is greater than 1800 rpm, the small centrifugal block 110 in the constant velocity regulator 106 opens and does not contact the lower chain 111, thus failing to drive the gear train to rotate.

[0034] The universal firing mechanism 2 consists of an upper striking body 201, an upper firing body 202, a ballistic safety spring 203, a firing pin 204, a lower firing body 205, a percussion cap 206, and a lower striking body 207. The upper striking body 201 and the lower firing body 205 are placed inside the fuse body 3. When the safety is not disengaged, the upper part of the upper striking body 201 is held in place by the impact firing mechanism fork 11, and the ballistic safety spring 203 is in a state of maximum compression. The firing pin 204 is fixed to the upper firing body 202 by a pin and can rotate around the pin. The percussion cap 206 is connected to the lower firing body 205 by a thread.

[0035] When the universal firing mechanism is in the safe position, the firing pin 204 is not aligned with the flash cap 206. At this time, no matter what force is applied, the flash cap 206 will not ignite. When the safety is released, the upper firing body 201 and the upper firing body 202 move upward due to the ballistic safety spring 203. The firing pin 204 is lifted as the upper firing body 202 moves upward and rotates under the action of the torsion spring, thus aligning with the flash cap 206. At this time, the firing pin 204 strikes the flash cap 206 at a certain speed to ignite it.

[0036] The fuse workflow is as follows:

[0037] During bombing, the hooks attached to the aircraft pylons simultaneously release the safety pin 5 and the rotor anti-rotation latch 102 under the weight of the bomb, releasing the long safety bar 6 and the rotor 101. The long safety bar 6 moves under the action of a spring to release the safety pin 7, which then moves under the action of another spring to release the restriction on the isolation rotor 8, thus disengaging the first-stage safety.

[0038] During bomb flight, rotor 101 rotates under aerodynamic force. When the rotational speed is ≥1200 r / min, the four centrifugal blocks 107 in anemometer 105 overcome the resistance of the clamp spring 109 under centrifugal force and engage with the upper sprocket 108, driving the sprocket 112 assembly to rotate. The lower sprocket 111 engages with the four small centrifugal blocks 110 in constant velocity regulator 106, driving the gear train 104 to rotate. When the rotor speed is greater than 1800 r / min, the four small centrifugal blocks 110 overcome the resistance of the clamp spring 109 and disengage from the lower sprocket 111, and anemometer 105 and lower sprocket 111 are in an idle state. When the rotational speed of the turntable where the four small centrifugal blocks 110 are located decreases, they re-engage with the lower sprocket 111 under the resistance of the spring, driving the gear train 104 to rotate. Therefore, the rotational speed output by rotor 101 to the last stage internal gear of gear train 104 is basically constant. The timing mechanism 1, through two extended forks 11, engages with the firing mechanism body, driving the housing of the universal inertial firing mechanism 2 to rotate at a speed of approximately 11° / s. When the housing rotates to the disengaged position according to the preset safety time, the semi-circular notch at the bottom of the housing aligns with the short safety rod 13, causing the short safety rod 13 to move into the notch under the action of the spring, releasing the isolation rotor 8, and disengaging the second-stage safety. Simultaneously, the combination of the steel ball and safety block in the universal firing mechanism aligns with the observation window in the fuse body cavity. The ballistic safety spring 203 pushes the inertial body to squeeze the steel ball and safety block into the observation window, after which the firing pin 204 is released and lifted to align with the percussion cap 206. Figure 2 As shown. The isolation rotor 8 rotates to the unlocked position under the action of the torsion spring and locks, the fuze is released from isolation and is in a ready-to-fire state.

[0039] When the bomb hits the target at a large angle, the target reaction force causes the fuse head to retract into the bomb body, shearing off the three lugs of the timing mechanism shell 103 supported by the fuse shell 3 and crushing the bracket 10. Then, the pressure is transmitted along the fuse axis through the two levers 111 of the timing mechanism 1, which compresses the upper excitation body 202 in the universal inertial ignition mechanism 2 to move, causing the firing pin 204 to strike the ignition cap 206 and ignite. This ignition performance is only applicable when the fuse is installed in the bomb head.

[0040] When a bomb impacts its target at a small angle or when the fuse is located at the tail, impact ignition is not possible; instead, inertial ignition is used. Depending on the fuse's position, the upper firing body 202 and firing pin 204, or the lower firing body 205 and percussion cap 206, move under inertial force, causing the firing pin 204 to strike the percussion cap 206, or vice versa. Figure 3 As shown.

Claims

1. A mechanical time-activated bomb fuse with omnidirectional firing function, comprising a timing mechanism (1), an omnidirectional firing mechanism (2), a fuse body (3), a pull-out mechanism (4), a pull-out pin (5), a long safety bar (6), a safety pin (7), an isolation rotor (8), a partition plate (9), an impact firing mechanism bracket (10), a fork (11), a propellant charge (12), and a short safety bar (13); the impact firing mechanism bracket is located between the timing mechanism and the omnidirectional firing mechanism, the timing mechanism cooperates with the omnidirectional firing mechanism through two extended forks, the propellant charge is located between the isolation rotor and the omnidirectional firing mechanism, and the short safety bar is located between the housing of the omnidirectional firing mechanism and the isolation rotor, characterized in that, The timing mechanism (1) is located at the head of the fuse body (3), and the relative movement between the timing mechanism (1) and the fuse body (3) is limited by the lugs on the outer shell (103) of the timing mechanism; the universal firing mechanism (2) is located in the inner cavity of the fuse body (3); the pull-out mechanism (4) is fixed to the fuse body (3) by threads; the pull-out pin (5) is mounted on the pull-out mechanism (4) by the lug diaphragm; the upper end of the long safety rod (6) contacts the pull-out pin (5); the upper end of the safety pin (7) contacts the long safety rod (6); the hole on the isolation rotor (8) cooperates with the safety pin (7), and the isolation rotor (8) is limited and fixed by the safety pin (7); the gear teeth of the isolation rotor (8) and the partition ( 9) The gear teeth mesh, and after the safety is released, the isolation rotor (8) can drive the partition (9) to rotate; the partition (9) is located below the flame detonator; the timing mechanism (1) includes a rotor (101), a reduction gear system (104), an anemometer (105), a constant velocity regulator (106), a gear ring (112), a rotor seat (113), and an anemometer shaft (114). The gear ring is installed between the anemometer and the constant velocity regulator. The rotor seat (113) is connected to the anemometer shaft (114) by a thread and is spot-riveted; the other end of the anemometer shaft (114) is riveted to the anemometer (105). The rotation of the rotor (101) can drive the anemometer (105) to rotate. The constant velocity regulator (106) 106) The reduction gear train (104) and the sprocket (112) are fixed by a central shaft; the constant velocity regulator (106) includes a small centrifugal block (110), a lower sprocket (111) and a clamp spring (109). Four long rivets and four short rivets install four small centrifugal blocks (110) on the groove of the lower sprocket (111). The small centrifugal blocks (110) can move radially relative to the lower sprocket (111); the clamp spring (109) is sleeved on the small centrifugal blocks (110); the anemometer (105) includes a centrifugal block (107), an upper sprocket (108) and a clamp spring (109). The centrifugal block (107) in the anemometer (105) is constrained by the clamp spring (109) and retracts inward. When the rotational speed is less than 1200 rpm, the centrifugal block (110) in the constant velocity regulator (106) does not contact the sprocket (112). The small centrifugal block (110) in the constant velocity regulator (106) also contracts inward and contacts the lower sprocket (111). Since the sprocket (112) does not rotate, the constant velocity regulator (106) has no rotational speed and therefore does not drive the reduction gear train (104) to rotate. When the rotational speed is greater than 1200 rpm, the centrifugal block opens due to centrifugal force and engages with the upper sprocket, driving the sprocket (112) and the reduction gear train (104) to rotate. When the rotational speed is greater than 1800 rpm, the small centrifugal block (110) in the constant velocity regulator (106) opens and does not contact the lower sprocket (111), and cannot drive the reduction gear train to rotate.

2. The mechanical time bomb fuse with omnidirectional firing function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The time mechanism (1) includes a rotor anti-rotation latch (102) and a time mechanism housing (103). The rotor (101) has two through holes that cooperate with two latches on the rotor seat (113). The lower surface of the rotor (101) has two protrusions that cooperate with grooves on the rotor seat (113). The rotor (101) is fixed on the rotor seat (113). The rotor anti-rotation latch (102) is connected to a retainer on the rotor seat (113). There are bearing lubrication between the rotor seat (113) and the time mechanism housing (103) and between the anemometer (105) and the time mechanism housing (103).

3. A mechanical time-based bomb fuse with omnidirectional firing function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The universal firing mechanism (2) includes an upper firing body (201), an upper firing body (202), a ballistic safety spring (203), a firing pin (204), a lower firing body (205), a percussion cap (206), and a lower firing body (207). The upper firing body is connected to the upper firing body at the bottom. The ballistic safety spring is located between the upper firing body and the lower firing body. The lower firing body is connected to the lower firing body at the bottom. The upper firing body (201) and the lower firing body (205) are placed in the inner cavity of the fuse body (3). When the safety is not released, the upper part of the upper firing body (201) is blocked by the fork (11), and the ballistic safety spring (203) is in the maximum compression state. The firing pin (204) is fixed to the upper firing body (202) by a pin, and the firing pin (204) can rotate around the pin. The percussion cap (206) is connected to the lower firing body (205) by a thread.

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