A drip irrigation method and device for sugar beet facility cultivation based on reference crop water demand

Abstract

The invention discloses a beet facility cultivation drip irrigation method and device based on reference crop water demand, and the invention relates to the field of beet cultivation technology. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining meteorological data of a beet facility cultivation environment, and calculating daily reference crop evapotranspiration according to the obtained meteorological data of the beet facility cultivation environment; obtaining crop coefficients of each growth stage of beet, including germination stage, growth stage, tuber expansion stage, filling stage, and maturity stage; revising the obtained crop coefficients of each growth stage of beet according to the climate characteristics of the beet facility cultivation environment and the crop height; analyzing and generating daily crop water demand according to the revised crop coefficients of each growth stage of beet combined with the obtained daily reference crop evapotranspiration; and drip irrigation of beets at different growth stages through drip irrigation heads according to the generated daily crop water demand, so that the method reduces the waste of water resources and improves the utilization rate of irrigation water.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of beet cultivation, and in particular to a method and a device for drip irrigation of beet facility cultivation based on reference crop water demand. Background Art

[0002] Facility cultivation refers to an important cultivation method that uses specific protective equipment to create suitable environmental conditions for crop growth in seasons or areas that are not suitable for open-field cultivation of crops. For beets, although they are cold-resistant and salt-alkali-resistant, they have a well-developed root system, a long growth cycle, and a large water consumption during the entire growth period. Water is the main factor affecting beet yield and sugar content, so facility cultivation of beets is very important, which can enable beets to be planted in areas with a lack of water resources or little rainfall.

[0003] At the same time, the serious shortage of water resources has become the main contradiction affecting the efficient development of agriculture in my country. In addition to the shortage of agricultural water, water waste is also an important influencing factor. The waste of irrigation water is mainly caused by backward irrigation methods and improper water management, which makes the utilization rate of irrigation water extremely low. Drip irrigation is an efficient irrigation technology that directly supplies water to plants by dripping water near the roots of crops, thereby reducing water waste and soil erosion, and improving water utilization efficiency and crop yields.

[0004] In the prior art, publication number CN110915586B discloses a planting method and irrigation device combined with the Internet of Things for increasing the yield and sugar content of sugar beets. The method comprises reclaiming, harrowing, turning and ridge-forming the land for planting sugar beets, installing an automatic drip irrigation device every 10 meters in each irrigation area; before sowing, applying organic fertilizer and chicken manure to the 0 to 20 cm tillage layer and mixing them with the soil; using the automatic drip irrigation device for drip irrigation in different growth stages of sugar beets, namely the seedling stage, the rapid growth stage of leaf clusters, the sugar growth stage of tubers and the sugar accumulation stage of tubers, and drip irrigation at every 10 meters. Drip irrigation is carried out every 7 to 10 days during the growth period, and field weeding is carried out at the same time; after sowing, closed weeding is carried out in the beet field before emergence; after harvesting, the sugar content and yield of the beet tubers are measured. This method can save water resources and labor costs. At the same time, the beet crop, which is a raw material for sugar production, can increase the yield compared with traditional planting methods. However, there is no precise research on the water demand at each development stage during the growth of beets, and the utilization rate of water resources is not accurate. Therefore, a more accurate method of measuring the water demand at each development stage of beets is needed to complete the irrigation of beets.

[0005] The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the present disclosure and therefore it may contain information that does not constitute the prior art that is already known to one of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a method and device for drip irrigation of sugar beet facility cultivation based on reference crop water demand, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A drip irrigation method for beet facility cultivation based on reference crop water demand, the specific steps comprising:

[0009] Acquire meteorological data of a sugar beet facility cultivation area during the same period in history, wherein the meteorological data includes net radiation on the surface of the crop canopy in the area, air temperature at a height of 2 meters above the ground, wind speed at a height of 2 meters above the ground, hygrometer constant, air relative humidity, and soil heat flux, and organize the acquired data to generate a first data set;

[0010] Calculate the saturated water vapor pressure, the actual water vapor pressure, the slope of the water vapor pressure curve, the daily average air temperature at a height of 2 meters above the ground, and the average wind speed at a height of 2 meters above the ground according to the obtained meteorological data of the sugar beet facility cultivation area, and organize the calculated data to generate a second data set;

[0011] Calculate the daily reference crop evapotranspiration based on the first data set combined with the data in the second data set;

[0012] Determine the current growth stage of sugar beets and obtain the sugar beet crop coefficients of each growth stage of sugar beets, wherein each growth stage of sugar beets includes a germination stage, a growth period, a tuber expansion period, a filling period, and a maturity period;

[0013] The crop coefficients of beets at each growth stage were revised according to the climate characteristics of the current beet greenhouse cultivation environment and the average maximum height of beets at each growth stage. The climate characteristics include the wind speed at 2 m above the ground in the beet greenhouse cultivation environment and the average value of the minimum daily relative humidity in each growth stage of beets under the beet greenhouse cultivation environment.

[0014] The daily crop water requirement is generated by analyzing the daily reference crop evapotranspiration obtained by combining the revised crop coefficients of each growth stage of sugar beet;

[0015] According to the generated daily crop water requirement, sugar beets at different growth stages are irrigated daily through drip irrigation heads.

[0016] Furthermore, the total amount of data collected in May, August and December every year from 2015 to 2023 was obtained. The meteorological data of the Tiansu beet facility cultivation environment is sorted out, and the logic of data sorting and analysis is based on the following:

[0017] The net radiation of the crop canopy surface is calibrated as , the unit is ; Soil heat flux , the unit is ;

[0018] The air temperature at a height of 2 meters above the ground is calibrated and collected as follows: , the unit is , the daily average air temperature at 2 meters above the ground , the unit is ,in The formula for the daily average air temperature at a height of 2 meters above the ground is:

[0019]

[0020] The wind speed collected at a height of 2 meters above the ground is calibrated as follows: , the unit is The average wind speed at a height of 2 meters above the ground is , the unit is The average wind speed at a height of 2 meters above the ground is The average wind speed at a height of 2 meters above the ground is The formula is:

[0021]

[0022] The saturated water vapor pressure is , the unit is ; Actual water vapor pressure , the unit is ; Slope of the water vapor pressure curve , the unit is ; The hygrometer constant is , the unit is ;

[0023] The calculation method of saturated water vapor pressure is: according to the average air temperature at a height of 2 meters, the saturated water vapor pressure is calculated based on the formula:

[0024]

[0025] In the formula is the average air temperature at a height of 2 meters, is the saturated water vapor pressure;

[0026] The actual water vapor pressure is calculated from the calculated saturated water vapor pressure. The actual water vapor pressure calculation formula is:

[0027]

[0028] In the formula, is the average relative humidity of air, in units of ; Average relative humidity The formula is:

[0029]

[0030] In the formula, is the relative humidity of the collected air;

[0031] Calculating the Hygrometer Constant The formula is:

[0032]

[0033] In the formula, Indicates the daily average air temperature at a height of 2 meters above the ground Find the differential.

[0034] Furthermore, the daily reference crop evapotranspiration is calibrated as , the formula for calculating daily reference crop evapotranspiration is:

[0035]

[0036] In the formula, is the saturated water vapor pressure difference, in , calibrate daily reference crop evapotranspiration , the unit is .

[0037] Furthermore, the method for determining the growth stages of beets is: determining the period according to the planting date of the beets in combination with the appearance characteristics of the beets, wherein the appearance characteristics of the beets include the extension of the leaves and the height of the beets;

[0038] The average extension length of the calibrated beet leaf is , the average extended length of beet leaves The formula is:

[0039]

[0040] In the formula is the length of the current single leaf of the detected beet, is the number of leaves, It is the sum of the lengths of all leaves of the currently detected beet;

[0041] The beet growth stage coefficient is generated based on the number of beet planting days, leaf extension and beet height. The formula for the beet growth stage coefficient is:

[0042]

[0043] In the formula, is the sugar beet growth stage coefficient, Number of days for beet planting, is the preset scale factor, are integers and , is the height of the currently detected beet;

[0044] The beet growth stage coefficient is compared with the pre-set beet growth stage threshold By comparison, the current development stage of the detected beet is obtained, and the judgment logic is:

[0045] when When the beet is in the budding stage,

[0046] when When the beet is in the growth period,

[0047] when When the beet is in the tuber expansion stage,

[0048] when When the beet is in the full stage,

[0049] when When the beet is at maturity,

[0050] The crop coefficient of sugar beet varies at different growth stages. According to the recommended value of sugar beet crop coefficient provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the crop coefficient of sugar beet is calibrated. Recommended values ​​for the crop coefficient of sugar beet provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, calibrated at the budding stage 0.3; during the growth period 0.6; during the root expansion period 0.9; in the enrichment period 0.8; mature stage is 0.4.

[0051] Furthermore, the recommended value of the sugar beet crop coefficient was revised, and the formula based on the revised sugar beet crop coefficient is:

[0052]

[0053] In the formula, is the revised sugar beet crop coefficient, Recommended values ​​for crop coefficients for sugar beet provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. is the average wind speed at 2 m above the ground in the current sugar beet facility cultivation environment, in units of ; It is the average value of the minimum daily relative humidity in each growth stage of beet under the beet greenhouse cultivation environment, unit ; The average maximum height of sugar beets planted in the sugar beet facility cultivation environment, in units of .

[0054] Furthermore, the calculation method of daily crop water requirement is:

[0055]

[0056] In the formula, is the daily crop water requirement, in units of .

[0057] The present invention also provides a drip irrigation device for beet facility cultivation based on reference crop water demand, the drip irrigation device is used to execute the above-mentioned drip irrigation method for beet facility cultivation based on reference crop water demand, comprising:

[0058] A meteorological data collection and recording module; used to obtain meteorological data of the sugar beet facility cultivation area during the same period in history, wherein the meteorological data includes the net radiation on the surface of the crop canopy in the area, the air temperature at a height of 2 meters from the ground, the wind speed at a height of 2 meters from the ground, the hygrometer constant, the relative humidity of the air and the soil heat flux, and the obtained data are sorted to generate a first data set;

[0059] A data processing and analysis module; used to calculate the saturated water vapor pressure, the actual water vapor pressure, the slope of the water vapor pressure curve, the daily average air temperature at a height of 2 meters above the ground, and the average wind speed at a height of 2 meters above the ground according to the meteorological data of the sugar beet facility cultivation area obtained, and to organize the calculated data to generate a second data set;

[0060] A reference crop evapotranspiration calculation module, used to calculate the daily reference crop evapotranspiration based on the first data set combined with the data in the second data set;

[0061] The crop coefficient acquisition module is used to determine the current growth stage of sugar beets and obtain the sugar beet crop coefficients of each growth stage of sugar beets, wherein each growth stage of sugar beets includes the germination stage, the growth stage, the tuber expansion stage, the filling stage, and the maturity stage;

[0062] Crop coefficient correction module; used to revise the crop coefficients of each growth stage of beets according to the current climate characteristics of the beet facility cultivation environment and the average maximum height of beets at each growth stage, wherein the climate characteristics include the wind speed at 2 m above the ground in the beet facility cultivation environment and the average value of the daily minimum relative humidity in each growth stage of beets in the beet facility cultivation environment;

[0063] Daily crop water requirement calculation module; used to analyze and generate daily crop water requirement based on the revised crop coefficients of each growth stage of sugar beet combined with the daily reference crop evapotranspiration;

[0064] Beet drip irrigation module; including drip irrigation pipes, drip irrigation heads, drip irrigation controllers and water pumps, used to drip irrigation beets at different growth stages through drip irrigation heads according to the generated daily crop water demand;

[0065] Among them, the water pump is used to provide water source and pump water from the water source to the drip irrigation system. The drip irrigation controller is used to control the operation of the drip irrigation system, including controlling the time and flow parameters of drip irrigation. The flow rate is controlled at 1.7 liters per hour, and the drip irrigation controller is controlled according to the calculated daily crop water demand. Drip irrigation pipeline: The drip irrigation pipeline is a pipeline system connecting the water pump, drip irrigation controller and drip irrigation head, which is used to transport water source to the drip irrigation head. Drip irrigation head: The drip irrigation head is a device installed on the drip irrigation pipeline, which is used to drip water to the roots of beet crops. The drip irrigation heads are arranged in sequence at a spacing of 20 cm.

[0066] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by acquiring meteorological data of a beet facility cultivation environment, daily reference crop evapotranspiration is calculated based on the acquired meteorological data of the beet facility cultivation environment; crop coefficients of beets at various growth stages are obtained, including germination stage, growth period, tuber swelling period, filling period, and maturity period; the obtained crop coefficients of beets at various growth stages are revised based on the climate characteristics of the beet facility cultivation environment and the crop height; daily crop water requirements are analyzed and generated based on the revised crop coefficients of beets at various growth stages combined with the obtained daily reference crop evapotranspiration; and drip irrigation is performed on beets at different growth stages through drip irrigation heads based on the generated daily crop water requirements. This method reduces water resource waste and improves irrigation water utilization. At the same time, the facility cultivation technology can enable beet cultivation in areas with water scarcity or low rainfall. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0067] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall method flow of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall device flow of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0070] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0071] Example:

[0072] See also Figure 1 , the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0073] A drip irrigation method for beet facility cultivation based on reference crop water demand, the specific steps comprising:

[0074] Step 1: Acquire meteorological data of the sugar beet facility cultivation area during the same period in history, wherein the meteorological data include net radiation on the crop canopy surface, air temperature at a height of 2 meters above the ground, wind speed at a height of 2 meters above the ground, hygrometer constant, air relative humidity, and soil heat flux in the area, and organize the acquired data to generate a first data set;

[0075] Get the total number of May, August and December every year from 2015 to 2023 The meteorological data of the sugar beet greenhouse cultivation environment was collected and the net radiation of the crop canopy surface was calibrated as , the unit is ; The hygrometer constant is , the unit is ; Soil heat flux , the unit is .

[0076] The air temperature at a height of 2 meters and the wind speed at a height of 2 meters can be directly obtained from the data recorded by the local meteorological station;

[0077] The hygrometer constant is usually determined by the manufacturer of the hygrometer during the production process based on its design and performance characteristics. This constant usually refers to the calibration constant or correction factor of the hygrometer, which is used to convert the reading of the hygrometer into the actual humidity value. You can refer to the user manual of the hygrometer or contact the manufacturer to obtain the hygrometer constant;

[0078] Methods for obtaining soil heat flux: Common methods for measuring soil heat flux are to use heat flow meters or heat flux plates. These devices can be installed in the soil to measure the temperature gradient and heat flux inside the soil.

[0079] The net radiation of the crop canopy surface is obtained by obtaining the radiation parameters of the downward and upward atmospheric radiation from the local meteorological station. The net radiation of the crop canopy surface is the difference between the downward and upward atmospheric radiation. The calculation formula is:

[0080]

[0081] In the formula, for The value of downward atmospheric radiation during the day, for The value of the atmospheric upward radiation during the day.

[0082] Step 2: Calculate the saturated water vapor pressure, actual water vapor pressure, the slope of the water vapor pressure curve, the daily average air temperature at a height of 2 meters above the ground, and the average wind speed at a height of 2 meters above the ground based on the meteorological data of the sugar beet facility cultivation area, and organize the calculated data to generate a second data set;

[0083] The air temperature at a height of 2 meters above the ground is calibrated and collected as follows: , the unit is , the daily average air temperature at 2 meters above the ground , the unit is ,in The formula for the daily average air temperature at a height of 2 meters above the ground is:

[0084]

[0085] The wind speed collected at a height of 2 meters above the ground is calibrated as follows: , the unit is The average wind speed at a height of 2 meters above the ground is , the unit is The average wind speed at a height of 2 meters above the ground is The average wind speed at a height of 2 meters above the ground is The formula is:

[0086]

[0087] The saturated water vapor pressure is , the unit is ; Actual water vapor pressure , the unit is ; Slope of the water vapor pressure curve , the unit is ; The hygrometer constant is , the unit is ;

[0088] The calculation method of saturated water vapor pressure is: according to the average air temperature at a height of 2 meters, the saturated water vapor pressure is calculated based on the formula:

[0089]

[0090] In the formula is the average air temperature at a height of 2 meters, is the saturated water vapor pressure;

[0091] The actual water vapor pressure is calculated from the calculated saturated water vapor pressure. The actual water vapor pressure calculation formula is:

[0092]

[0093] In the formula, is the average relative humidity of air, in units of ; Average relative humidity The formula is:

[0094]

[0095] In the formula, is the relative humidity of the collected air;

[0096] The slope of the water vapor pressure curve usually refers to the rate of change of water vapor pressure with temperature, so the slope of the water vapor pressure curve can be obtained by taking the derivative of the actual water vapor pressure with respect to temperature;

[0097] Calculating the Hygrometer Constant The formula is:

[0098]

[0099] In the formula, Indicates the daily average air temperature at a height of 2 meters above the ground Find the differential.

[0100] The calibrated daily reference crop evapotranspiration is , the formula for calculating daily reference crop evapotranspiration is:

[0101]

[0102] In the formula, is the saturated water vapor pressure difference, in , calibrate daily reference crop evapotranspiration , the unit is ;

[0103] The Penman-Montes formula method is the most widely used method at present. It was proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 1992 based on the Penman formula.

[0104] Step 3: Calculate the daily reference crop evapotranspiration based on the first data set combined with the data in the second data set;

[0105] The calibrated daily reference crop evapotranspiration is , the formula for calculating daily reference crop evapotranspiration is:

[0106]

[0107] In the formula, is the saturated water vapor pressure difference, in , calibrate daily reference crop evapotranspiration , the unit is .

[0108] The Penman-Montes formula method is the most widely used method at present. It was proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 1992 based on the Penman formula.

[0109] Step 4: determine the current growth stage of the beet, and obtain the beet crop coefficient of each growth stage of the beet, wherein each growth stage of the beet includes a germination stage, a growth period, a tuber expansion period, a filling period, and a maturity period;

[0110] The crop coefficient refers to the ratio of actual crop evapotranspiration to the estimated reference crop evapotranspiration, and is an important parameter for calculating actual crop water requirements based on reference crop evapotranspiration;

[0111] Obtain the crop coefficient of sugar beet at each growth stage. The crop coefficient of sugar beet is different at each growth stage. According to the recommended value of sugar beet crop coefficient provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; calibrate Recommended values ​​for the crop coefficient of sugar beet provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, calibrated at the budding stage 0.3; during the growth period 0.6; during the root expansion period 0.9; in the enrichment period 0.8; mature stage is 0.4;

[0112] The method for judging the growth stages of beets is: judging based on the planting date of beets and the appearance characteristics of beets, wherein the appearance characteristics of beets include the extension of leaves and the height of beets;

[0113] The average extension length of the calibrated beet leaf is , the average extended length of beet leaves The formula is:

[0114]

[0115] In the formula is the length of the current single leaf of the detected beet, is the number of leaves, It is the sum of the lengths of all leaves of the currently detected beet;

[0116] The beet growth stage coefficient is generated based on the number of beet planting days, leaf extension and beet height. The formula for the beet growth stage coefficient is:

[0117]

[0118] In the formula, is the sugar beet growth stage coefficient, Number of days for beet planting, is the preset scale factor, are integers and , is the height of the currently detected beet;

[0119] The beet growth stage coefficient is compared with the pre-set beet growth stage threshold By comparison, the current development stage of the detected beet is obtained, and the judgment logic is:

[0120] when When the beet is in the budding stage,

[0121] when When the beet is in the growth period,

[0122] when When the beet is in the tuber expansion stage,

[0123] when When the beet is in the full stage,

[0124] when When the beet is at maturity,

[0125] In the germination stage, generally speaking, the germination stage of beets lasts about 7 to 14 days, during which time leaves begin to grow from the center of the seeds. The leaves are usually light green and have not yet fully expanded. The leaves are small and tender, the plant height is low, and the seedling-like plants have just emerged from the soil or have only a few leaves.

[0126] The growing season usually lasts 30 to 50 days, during which the leaves of the beetroot gradually become larger and darker green. The plant begins to grow upward, the leaves gradually unfold, the plant height gradually increases, the leaves become more lush, and the overall plant shows a lush growth state;

[0127] The tuber expansion period usually lasts about 60 to 90 days. During this period, the leaves of the beets continue to grow luxuriantly, but the focus shifts to the growth of the roots. The growth rate of the leaves may slow down, while the roots begin to expand. The height of the plant is relatively stable. At this time, it may be observed that the above-ground part of the plant does not show obvious signs of growth, but the leaves are still luxuriant.

[0128] The filling period usually lasts about 30 to 60 days. During this period, although the leaves still remain lush, their growth rate may begin to slow down and the color may become slightly darker. The key point is to observe the root conditions. The tubers will gradually become thicker and the plant height will be relatively stable. At this time, the beet plant may appear heavier, and the roots may begin to accumulate more water and sugar, and the plant height remains basically unchanged.

[0129] The maturity period usually lasts 10 to 20 days, during which time the leaves of the beets may begin to gradually turn yellow, the growth rate may significantly slow down, or even stop growing, the roots continue to remain strong, but the overall plant may show signs of wilting. At this time, the beet plant has completed its growth cycle, the sugar accumulation in the tubers has reached its peak, and it is ready to be harvested.

[0130] Step 5: Revise the crop coefficients of each growth stage of beets according to the climate characteristics of the current beet greenhouse cultivation environment and the average maximum height of beets at each growth stage. The climate characteristics include the wind speed at 2 m above the ground in the beet greenhouse cultivation environment and the average value of the daily minimum relative humidity in each growth stage of beets in the beet greenhouse cultivation environment;

[0131] The average maximum height of sugar beets at each growth stage can be obtained from empirical values, or by arranging height sensors in the sugar beet facility cultivation environment and monitoring the growth of sugar beet plants in real time to obtain the average maximum height;

[0132] The recommended value of the sugar beet crop coefficient has been revised. The revised sugar beet crop coefficient is based on the formula:

[0133]

[0134] In the formula, is the revised sugar beet crop coefficient, Recommended values ​​for crop coefficients for sugar beet provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. is the wind speed at 2 m above the ground in the current sugar beet facility cultivation environment, in units of ; It is the average value of the minimum daily relative humidity in each growth stage of beet under the beet greenhouse cultivation environment, unit ; The average maximum height of sugar beets planted in the sugar beet facility cultivation environment, in units of .

[0135] Step 6: Analyze and generate daily crop water requirements based on the revised crop coefficients of each growth stage of sugar beet combined with the daily reference crop evapotranspiration;

[0136] Daily crop water requirement refers to the amount of water required by crops every day. This is an important concept in agriculture and irrigation management, used to determine the appropriate amount of irrigation to meet the water needs of crop growth; the formula for calculating daily crop water requirement is:

[0137]

[0138] In the formula, is the daily crop water requirement, in units of .

[0139] Step 7: According to the generated daily crop water demand, drip irrigation is carried out daily on the beets at different growth stages through the drip irrigation heads;

[0140] Facility cultivation is mainly carried out in plastic greenhouses and solar greenhouses. The drip irrigation method of greenhouse film drip irrigation can be used for beet facility cultivation. Under-film drip irrigation is to bury the drip irrigation pipe completely in the soil, so that the roots of the beets can directly absorb water, improve the water utilization effect, play a role in infiltrating the soil, and keep the root system in a moist environment. At the same time, drip irrigation technology can achieve water-fertilizer mixed irrigation, and accurately perform related operations through reasonable proportions of water and fertilizer, and reasonable proportions of pesticides. Ensure that crops get adequate nutrition when they need it. When pests and diseases need to be treated, good results of pest and disease treatment can be obtained. In the drip irrigation of beet facility cultivation, the dripper spacing is set at 20cm, and the flow rate is controlled at 1.7 liters per hour.

[0141] See also Figure 2 The present invention also provides a drip irrigation device for beet facility cultivation based on reference crop water demand, the drip irrigation device is used to implement the above-mentioned drip irrigation method for beet facility cultivation based on reference crop water demand, comprising:

[0142] A meteorological data collection and recording module; used to obtain meteorological data of the sugar beet facility cultivation area during the same period in history, wherein the meteorological data includes the net radiation on the surface of the crop canopy in the area, the air temperature at a height of 2 meters from the ground, the wind speed at a height of 2 meters from the ground, the hygrometer constant, the relative humidity of the air and the soil heat flux, and the obtained data are sorted to generate a first data set;

[0143] A data processing and analysis module; used to calculate the saturated water vapor pressure, the actual water vapor pressure, the slope of the water vapor pressure curve, the daily average air temperature at a height of 2 meters above the ground, and the average wind speed at a height of 2 meters above the ground according to the meteorological data of the sugar beet facility cultivation area obtained, and to organize the calculated data to generate a second data set;

[0144] A reference crop evapotranspiration calculation module, used to calculate the daily reference crop evapotranspiration based on the first data set combined with the data in the second data set;

[0145] The crop coefficient acquisition module is used to determine the current growth stage of sugar beets and obtain the sugar beet crop coefficients of each growth stage of sugar beets, wherein each growth stage of sugar beets includes the germination stage, the growth stage, the tuber expansion stage, the filling stage, and the maturity stage;

[0146] Crop coefficient correction module; used to revise the crop coefficients of each growth stage of beets according to the current climate characteristics of the beet facility cultivation environment and the average maximum height of beets at each growth stage, wherein the climate characteristics include the wind speed at 2 m above the ground in the beet facility cultivation environment and the average value of the daily minimum relative humidity in each growth stage of beets in the beet facility cultivation environment;

[0147] Daily crop water requirement calculation module; used to analyze and generate daily crop water requirement based on the revised crop coefficients of each growth stage of sugar beet combined with the daily reference crop evapotranspiration;

[0148] Beet drip irrigation module; including drip irrigation pipes, drip irrigation heads, drip irrigation controllers and water pumps, used to drip irrigation beets at different growth stages through drip irrigation heads according to the generated daily crop water demand;

[0149] Among them, the water pump is used to provide water source, and pumps water from the water source (such as a well, a pond, etc.) to the drip irrigation system. The drip irrigation controller: the drip irrigation controller is used to control the operation of the drip irrigation system, including controlling the time and flow parameters of the drip irrigation. The flow rate is controlled at 1.7 liters per hour, and the drip irrigation controller is controlled according to the calculated daily crop water demand; drip irrigation pipeline: the drip irrigation pipeline is a pipeline system connecting the water pump, the drip irrigation controller and the drip irrigation head, which is used to transport water source to the drip irrigation head; drip irrigation head: the drip irrigation head is a device installed on the drip irrigation pipeline, which is used to drip water to the vicinity of the roots of the beet crop. The drip irrigation head can be installed and arranged as needed. In this embodiment, the drip irrigation heads are arranged at a spacing of 20 cm.

[0150] The above formulas are all dimensionless and numerical calculations. The formula is a formula for the most recent real situation obtained by collecting a large amount of data and performing software simulation. The preset parameters in the formula are set by technicians in this field according to actual conditions.

[0151] The above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any other combination thereof. When implemented by software, the above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. Those skilled in the art may appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed by hardware or software methods depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0152] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, and may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0153] The above description is only a specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A drip irrigation method for beet facility cultivation based on reference crop water demand, characterized in that: The specific steps include: Acquire meteorological data of a sugar beet facility cultivation area during the same period in history, wherein the meteorological data includes net radiation on the surface of the crop canopy in the area, air temperature at a height of 2 meters above the ground, wind speed at a height of 2 meters above the ground, hygrometer constant, air relative humidity, and soil heat flux, and organize the acquired data to generate a first data set; Calculate the saturated water vapor pressure, the actual water vapor pressure, the slope of the water vapor pressure curve, the daily average air temperature at a height of 2 meters above the ground, and the average wind speed at a height of 2 meters above the ground according to the obtained meteorological data of the sugar beet facility cultivation area, and organize the calculated data to generate a second data set; Calculate the daily reference crop evapotranspiration based on the first data set combined with the data in the second data set; Determine the current growth stage of sugar beets and obtain the sugar beet crop coefficients of each growth stage of sugar beets, wherein each growth stage of sugar beets includes a germination stage, a growth period, a tuber expansion period, a filling period, and a maturity period; The method for judging the growth stages of beets is: judging based on the planting date of beets and the appearance characteristics of beets, wherein the appearance characteristics of beets include the extension of leaves and the height of beets; The average extension length of the calibrated beet leaf is , the average extended length of beet leaves The formula is: In the formula is the length of the current single leaf of the detected beet, is the number of leaves, It is the sum of the lengths of all leaves of the currently detected beet; The beet growth stage coefficient is generated based on the number of beet planting days, leaf extension and beet height. The formula for the beet growth stage coefficient is: In the formula, is the sugar beet growth stage coefficient, Number of days for beet planting, is the preset scale factor, are integers and , is the height of the currently detected beet; The beet growth stage coefficient is compared with the pre-set beet growth stage threshold By comparison, the current development stage of the detected beet is obtained, and the judgment logic is: when When the beet is in the budding stage, when When the beet is in the growth period, when When the beet is in the tuber expansion stage, when When the beet is in the full stage, when When the beet is at maturity, The crop coefficient of sugar beet varies at different growth stages. According to the recommended value of sugar beet crop coefficient provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the crop coefficient of sugar beet is calibrated. Recommended values ​​for the crop coefficient of sugar beet provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, calibrated at the budding stage 0.3; during the growth period 0.6; during the root expansion period 0.9; in the enrichment period 0.8; mature stage is 0.4; The crop coefficients of beets at each growth stage were revised according to the climate characteristics of the current beet greenhouse cultivation environment and the average maximum height of beets at each growth stage. The climate characteristics include the wind speed at 2 m above the ground in the beet greenhouse cultivation environment and the average value of the minimum daily relative humidity in each growth stage of beets under the beet greenhouse cultivation environment. The recommended value of the sugar beet crop coefficient has been revised. The revised sugar beet crop coefficient is based on the formula: In the formula, is the revised sugar beet crop coefficient, Recommended values ​​for crop coefficients for sugar beet provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. is the average wind speed at 2 m above the ground in the current sugar beet facility cultivation environment, in units of ; It is the average value of the minimum daily relative humidity in each growth stage of beet under the beet greenhouse cultivation environment, unit ; The average maximum height of sugar beets planted in the sugar beet facility cultivation environment, in units of ; The daily crop water requirement is generated by analyzing the daily reference crop evapotranspiration obtained by combining the revised crop coefficients of each growth stage of sugar beet; According to the generated daily crop water requirement, sugar beets at different growth stages are irrigated daily through drip irrigation heads.

2. The method for drip irrigation of sugar beet facility cultivation based on reference crop water demand according to claim 1, characterized in that: Obtain the total amount of data collected in May, August and December every year from 2015 to 2023 The meteorological data of the Tiansu beet facility cultivation environment is sorted out, and the logic of data sorting and analysis is based on the following: The net radiation of the crop canopy surface is calibrated as , the unit is ; Soil heat flux , the unit is ; The air temperature at a height of 2 meters above the ground is calibrated and collected as follows: , the unit is , the daily average air temperature at 2 meters above the ground , the unit is ,in The formula for the daily average air temperature at a height of 2 meters above the ground is: The wind speed collected at a height of 2 meters above the ground is calibrated as follows: , the unit is The average wind speed at a height of 2 meters above the ground is , the unit is The average wind speed at a height of 2 meters above the ground is The average wind speed at a height of 2 meters above the ground is The formula is: The saturated water vapor pressure is , the unit is ; Actual water vapor pressure , the unit is ; Slope of the water vapor pressure curve , the unit is ; The hygrometer constant is , the unit is ; The calculation method of saturated water vapor pressure is: according to the average air temperature at a height of 2 meters, the saturated water vapor pressure is calculated based on the formula: In the formula is the average air temperature at a height of 2 meters, is the saturated water vapor pressure; The actual water vapor pressure is calculated from the calculated saturated water vapor pressure. The actual water vapor pressure calculation formula is: In the formula, is the average relative humidity of air, in units of ; Average relative humidity The formula is: In the formula, is the relative humidity of the collected air; Calculating the Hygrometer Constant The formula is: In the formula, Indicates the daily average air temperature at a height of 2 meters above the ground Find the differential.

3. The method for drip irrigation of sugar beet facility cultivation based on reference crop water demand according to claim 2, characterized in that: The calibrated daily reference crop evapotranspiration is , the formula for calculating daily reference crop evapotranspiration is: In the formula, is the saturated water vapor pressure difference, in , calibrate daily reference crop evapotranspiration , the unit is .

4. The method for drip irrigation of sugar beet facility cultivation based on reference crop water requirement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation method for daily crop water requirement is: In the formula, is the daily crop water requirement, in units of .

5. A drip irrigation device for beet facility cultivation based on reference crop water demand, characterized in that: The beet facility cultivation drip irrigation device based on reference crop water demand is used to implement the beet facility cultivation drip irrigation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising: A meteorological data collection and recording module; used to obtain meteorological data of the sugar beet facility cultivation area during the same period in history, wherein the meteorological data includes the net radiation on the surface of the crop canopy in the area, the air temperature at a height of 2 meters from the ground, the wind speed at a height of 2 meters from the ground, the hygrometer constant, the relative humidity of the air and the soil heat flux, and the obtained data are sorted to generate a first data set; A data processing and analysis module; used to calculate the saturated water vapor pressure, the actual water vapor pressure, the slope of the water vapor pressure curve, the daily average air temperature at a height of 2 meters above the ground, and the average wind speed at a height of 2 meters above the ground according to the meteorological data of the sugar beet facility cultivation area obtained, and to organize the calculated data to generate a second data set; A reference crop evapotranspiration calculation module, used to calculate the daily reference crop evapotranspiration based on the first data set combined with the data in the second data set; The crop coefficient acquisition module is used to determine the current growth stage of sugar beets and obtain the sugar beet crop coefficients of each growth stage of sugar beets, wherein each growth stage of sugar beets includes the germination stage, the growth stage, the tuber expansion stage, the filling stage, and the maturity stage; The crop coefficient correction module is used to revise the crop coefficients of each growth stage of beets according to the climate characteristics of the current beet facility cultivation environment and the average maximum height of beets at each growth stage. The climate characteristics include the wind speed at 2 meters above the ground in the beet facility cultivation environment and the average value of the daily minimum relative humidity in each growth stage of beets in the beet facility cultivation environment; Daily crop water requirement calculation module; used to analyze and generate daily crop water requirement based on the revised crop coefficients of each growth stage of sugar beet combined with the daily reference crop evapotranspiration; Beet drip irrigation module; including drip irrigation pipes, drip irrigation heads, drip irrigation controllers and water pumps, used to drip irrigation beets at different growth stages through drip irrigation heads according to the generated daily crop water demand; Among them, the water pump is used to provide water source and pump water from the water source to the drip irrigation system. The drip irrigation controller is used to control the operation of the drip irrigation system, including controlling the time and flow parameters of drip irrigation. The flow rate is controlled at 1.7 liters per hour, and the drip irrigation controller is controlled according to the calculated daily crop water demand. Drip irrigation pipeline: The drip irrigation pipeline is a pipeline system connecting the water pump, drip irrigation controller and drip irrigation head, which is used to transport water source to the drip irrigation head. Drip irrigation head: The drip irrigation head is a device installed on the drip irrigation pipeline, which is used to drip water to the roots of beet crops. The drip irrigation heads are arranged in sequence at a spacing of 20 cm.

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