A soil sampling device and a soil sampling method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a soil sampling device and a sampling method. The soil sampling device comprises a sampling box with an opening at the lower end. The front panel and the rear panel of the sampling box are provided with at least one pair of sockets. A partition is detachably installed on each pair of sockets. The partition is sealed and matched with the sockets when assembled. When sampling, the opening of the sampling box is close to the ground, and the side wall of the sampling box is vertically pressed into the soil; a soil pit is dug outside the front panel, and the front panel is completely exposed in the soil pit; the partition is used to sequentially insert the front socket on the front panel and the rear socket on the rear panel, and the front socket and the rear socket are sealed; the sampling box is taken out and brought back to the laboratory under normal temperature or low temperature conditions to wait for soil and soil air analysis and determination. The present invention can better understand the distribution and characteristics of the gas in the soil and the dependence of the soil air and the soil in the laboratory by retaining the in-situ state of the gas in the soil, and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the functions and characteristics of the soil ecosystem.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of soil sampling equipment, and relates to a soil sampling device and a method for simultaneously sampling soil and soil air using the device. Background Art

[0002] Traditional soil sampling is usually carried out to analyze the physical and chemical properties and nutrient content of the soil, such as organic matter content, pH value, nutrient content, soil pollution, soil microorganisms and soil biological characteristics, soil physical and chemical properties, etc., in order to evaluate soil fertility, pH and other indicators, provide a basis for scientific and reasonable soil management and farmland production, and promote the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0003] Soil air refers to the gas in the soil pores. Soil air basically comes from the atmosphere, but a small part is produced by biochemical processes in the soil. Soil air is an important component of the soil and is of great significance to plant growth and the function of the soil ecosystem. Soil air can be divided into three types according to its physical state: free state, adsorbed state and dissolved state. These states play different roles in the storage and transportation of gas in the soil.

[0004] Soil air analysis sampling is usually done to analyze the gas components in the soil, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, methane, etc., to understand the distribution and content of gases in the soil, and to study aspects such as soil aeration and microbial metabolic activities. Soil gas not only affects soil fertility, but also has an important impact on the atmospheric environment and ecosystem.

[0005] Conventional soil gas sampling usually mainly collects free gas in the soil, that is, gas in the pores. This gas is separated from soil solids and water, and has an important impact on soil aeration, gas exchange and microbial activity. But adsorbed and dissolved soil gas is also very important. Adsorbed gas refers to gas that exists on the surface of soil solid particles in an adsorbed form. They may undergo chemical adsorption or physical adsorption with the surface of soil solid particles, which has an impact on the storage and release of gas in the soil. Dissolved gas refers to gas dissolved in soil moisture. These gases will also have an impact on soil ecosystems and soil hydrological cycles.

[0006] In the process of implementing the present invention, the inventors found that the prior art has at least one of the following technical problems:

[0007] In the prior art, soil sampling and soil air analysis sampling are carried out independently, which is not conducive to a comprehensive understanding of the functions and characteristics of the soil ecosystem in a certain area. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a soil sampling device for retaining soil and its soil air in situ.

[0009] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for sampling soil and soil air in situ.

[0010] The inventor has continuously reformed and innovated through long-term exploration and attempts, as well as multiple experiments and efforts, to solve the above technical problems. The technical solution provided by the present invention is to provide a soil sampling device, including a sampling box with an opening at the lower end, the front panel and the rear panel of the sampling box are provided with at least one pair of sockets, and each pair of sockets is detachably mounted with a partition, and the partition is sealed and matched with the socket when assembled.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the soil sampling device of the present invention, the inner walls of the left and right side plates of the sampling box are both provided with slide grooves, and the partition plate is slidably and sealingly matched with the slide grooves.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the soil sampling device of the present invention, a sliding hole is provided on the top plate of the sampling box; a piston plate is horizontally installed in the sampling box, the piston plate is connected to one end of the piston rod, and the other end of the piston rod is connected to a handle; the piston rod is slidably matched with the sliding hole.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the soil sampling device of the present invention, a plurality of air holes are provided on the sampling box, and sealing plugs are detachably provided on the air holes.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the soil sampling device of the present invention, a rear plug port is provided on the rear panel, and a sealing groove is provided on the outer side of the rear plug port.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the soil sampling device of the present invention, the bottom of the sealing groove is not higher than the lower edge of the rear plug, the top of the sealing groove is not lower than the upper edge of the rear plug, the length of the sealing groove is equal to the width of the rear plug, and the width of the sealing groove is 0.05 to 0.3 cm.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the soil sampling device of the present invention, a front plug port is arranged on the front panel, and a sealing plate for sealing the front plug port is arranged on the partition plate.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the soil sampling device of the present invention, a cutting portion is provided at the bottom of the sampling box.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the soil sampling device of the present invention, the height of the sampling box is equal to the thickness of the cultivated layer of the cultivated soil.

[0019] The present invention also provides a method for collecting in-situ soil samples using the soil sampling device, comprising the following steps:

[0020] S1. The opening of the sampling box is close to the ground, and the side wall of the sampling box is pressed vertically into the soil;

[0021] S2. Dig a pit outside the front panel and completely expose the front panel in the pit;

[0022] S3, insert the partition into the front socket on the front panel and the rear socket on the rear panel in sequence, and seal the front socket and the rear socket;

[0023] S4, take out the sampling box, and bring it back to the laboratory at room temperature or low temperature to wait for soil and soil air analysis and determination. Compared with the prior art, one of the above technical solutions has the following advantages:

[0024] a) By preserving the in-situ state of the gas in the soil, the present invention can better understand the distribution and characteristics of the gas in the soil, as well as the dependence between soil air and soil in the laboratory, and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the functions and characteristics of the soil ecosystem. The present invention can seal and preserve the soil cut by the sampling box in situ according to the depth of the agricultural soil, i.e., the soil cultivation layer, and then bring it back to the laboratory for soil and gas analysis and determination by setting the partition and the socket detachable seal.

[0025] b) In one embodiment of the present invention, a sealing plate and a sealing groove are provided, the sealing plate is used to seal the front plug-in port, and the sealing groove is used to seal the rear plug-in port. The present invention utilizes the adhesion property of the soil itself, and when sealing the rear plug-in port, the partition plate squeezes the soil in the sealing groove to fill the sealing groove, thereby fully ensuring the sealing effect of the rear plug-in port.

[0026] c) In one embodiment of the present invention, by providing a piston plate, it is possible to prevent atmospheric air from being pressed into the soil during the sampling process, thereby affecting the change in the soil air content in the soil. In addition, the provision of the piston plate is also conducive to pushing out the soil sample in the sampling box.

[0027] d) In one embodiment of the present invention, air holes and sealing plugs are provided to facilitate extraction of soil air in the sampling box, and soil can also be dug out from the air holes.

[0028] e) The soil sample obtained by the method of the present invention can be used not only for the analysis and determination of free gas, but also for the analysis and determination of adsorbed and dissolved gas, which greatly expands the analysis and determination scope of soil samples. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0030] Figure 1It is a front structural schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the soil sampling device of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the left view structure.

[0032] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the rear view structure.

[0033] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the top view structure.

[0034] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure.

[0035] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 AA cross-sectional view.

[0036] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Middle I is a partial enlarged schematic diagram.

[0037] The marks in the figure are:

[0038] 100 sampling boxes,

[0039] 110 top plate,

[0040] 111 sliding hole,

[0041] 120 front panel,

[0042] 121 front jack,

[0043] 122 front air hole,

[0044] 130 rear panel,

[0045] 131 rear jack,

[0046] 132 rear air hole,

[0047] 133 sealing groove,

[0048] 140 side panels,

[0049] 141 chute,

[0050] 101 Insertion and cutting department,

[0051] 200 piston plate,

[0052] 210 piston rod,

[0053] 220 handles,

[0054] 300 partitions,

[0055] 310 sealing plate,

[0056] 400 sealing plug. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The following is a description with reference to the accompanying drawings and a specific embodiment.

[0058] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention.

[0059] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and thus, once an item is defined in one drawing, it may not be further defined or explained in the subsequent drawings.

[0060] This embodiment describes a soil sampling device and also describes a sampling method using the soil sampling device.

[0061] See also Figures 1 to 7 The soil sampling device described in this embodiment includes a sampling box 100 with an opening at the bottom. The sampling box 100 is a rectangular box structure with an opening at the bottom, which is composed of a top plate 110, a front panel 120, a rear panel 130, and left and right side panels 140.

[0062] In an optional embodiment, in order to facilitate the insertion of the front and rear panels and the left and right side panels of the sampling box 100 into the soil, an insertion portion 101 is provided at the bottom of the sampling box 100. The thickness of the bottom edge of the insertion portion 101 is less than the thickness of the front panel and the side panel, and the insertion portion 101 has an inclined surface, which is located on the outer surface of the sampling box 100 to avoid squeezing between soil samples located inside the sampling box 100 during sampling.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment, a sliding hole 111 is provided on the top plate 110. A piston plate 200 is horizontally installed in the sampling box 100, and the piston plate 200 is connected to one end of a piston rod 210, and the other end of the piston rod 210 is connected to a handle 220; the piston rod 210 is slidably matched with the sliding hole 111. When sampling, the bottom opening of the sampling box 100 is placed on the soil surface, and the piston plate 200 is also attached to the soil surface. When the sampling box 100 is pressed down, the gas in the atmosphere will not increase in pressure due to the change in the volume of the gas in the sampling box 100, and the air in the atmosphere will be pressed into the soil, causing the soil air content and composition to change. During the sampling process, the air of the soil sample below the piston plate 200 is not affected by the air above the piston plate 200, and the air above the piston plate 200 is discharged from the sliding hole 111 and the socket. After completing the sample detection, the piston plate 200 can also be used to push out all the soil in the sampling box 100.

[0064] The front panel 120 and the rear panel 130 of the sampling box 100 are provided with at least one pair of sockets, and this embodiment shows the situation of 6 pairs of sockets. Six front sockets 121 are evenly arranged from top to bottom on the front panel 120, and six rear sockets 131 are evenly arranged from top to bottom on the rear panel 130. The front sockets 121 and the rear sockets 131 are arranged in pairs, and each pair of sockets has the same height. The front sockets 121 and the rear sockets 131 are both rectangular through holes, and the sizes of the sockets are the same, that is, the lengths and heights are the same. Usually, the thickness of agricultural soil, i.e., the tillage layer, is 20 to 30 cm. The height of the sampling box 100 is set according to the thickness of the tillage layer to avoid invalid sampling height as much as possible and improve the soil sampling efficiency. The 6 pairs of sockets are arranged equidistantly from top to bottom, so that the soil sample of the tillage layer can be divided into 6 parts in situ using the partition 300. Of course, the number of logarithms and distances of the sockets can be specifically selected according to actual needs, including the thickness of the cultivated layer of the agricultural soil sampling site, the inter-layer distribution within the soil cultivated layer, and the distribution characteristics of the crop roots in the planting site.

[0065] The front plug 121 and the rear plug 131 are dedicated spaces for installing the partition 300, which is a thin plate that divides the internal space of the sampling box 100. The partition 300 is sealed when assembled with the front plug 121 and the rear plug 131 to ensure that each of the divided independent spaces is completely sealed to prevent the soil air obtained by sampling from being disturbed. Figure 6 This embodiment shows a situation where the sampling box 100 is divided into 6 equal-sized space units by 6 partitions 300. The number of partitions 300 is determined by the number of the front plugs 121 and the rear plugs 131.

[0066] In a further embodiment, in order to ensure the sealing effect between each space unit, the inner walls of the left and right side plates 140 of the sampling box 100 are both provided with a slide groove 141, and the partition plate 300 is slidably sealed with the slide groove 141. The front end of the slide groove 141 is connected to the front socket 121, and the rear end of the slide groove 141 is connected to the rear socket 131.

[0067] The partition 300 is inserted from the front insertion opening 121 , passes through the slide slot 141 , and is inserted into the rear insertion opening 131 .

[0068] The sealing between the partition 300 and the front plug 121 can be performed by conventional sealing means, or a sealing plate 310 can be set at the front end of the partition 300, and the sealing plate 310 is used to seal the front plug 121. The sealing plate 310 and the partition 300 are perpendicular to each other, and a rubber layer (not shown in the drawings) for sealing the front plug 121 is set at the base where the partition 300 and the sealing plate 310 are connected. A rubber layer can also be set in the slide 141 to improve the sealing effect between each space unit. For example, under the condition that the sliding of the partition 300 is not hindered, a rubber thin layer is set on the top surface, the bottom surface and the side wall of the slide 141 at the same time or on a single surface, or a rubber thin sheet is set at the opening of the slide 141, or a rubber thin layer is set on the left and right sides of the partition 300. The rear side and the left and right sides of the partition 300 can be optionally rounded to facilitate the advancement of the partition 300.

[0069] When sampling, after all the side walls of the sampling box 100 are vertically pressed into the soil, a soil pit is dug outside the front panel 120, and the area of ​​the soil pit is larger than the area of ​​the partition 300. Because the soil sample collected by the present invention is the soil of the arable layer, the soil is relatively loose, and the difficulty of digging the soil pit is very small and the operation is simple. When digging the soil pit, the front panel 120 is completely exposed in the soil pit. The front plug 121 is also exposed in the soil pit, which is convenient for sealing operation and also convenient for taking the sampling box 100 out of the soil.

[0070] The rear panel 130 is buried in the soil, which is not convenient for sealing operation. If the sealing is achieved only by the size matching between the front plug 121 and the partition 300, the effect is not significant, which is not conducive to the long-term preservation of soil samples. In order to improve the sealing effect of the rear plug 131, in this embodiment, a sealing groove 133 is set on the outer side of the rear plug 131 on the rear panel 130. The bottom of the sealing groove 133 is not higher than the lower edge of the rear plug 131, and the top of the sealing groove 133 is not lower than the upper edge of the rear plug 131. The length of the sealing groove 133 is equal to the width of the rear plug 131, and the width of the sealing groove 133 is 0.05 to 0.3 cm. See Figure 7, the bottom of the sealing groove 133 and the lower edge of the rear plug 131 are located on the same plane, the top of the sealing groove 133 is higher than the upper edge of the rear plug 131, and the width of the sealing groove 133 is recommended to be set to 1mm. When the partition 300 is inserted into the rear plug 131, a small amount of soil is pushed from the sampling box 100 into the rear plug 131, and then pushed into the sealing groove 133. Under the blocking effect of the side wall of the sealing groove 133, the part of the soil pushed out is squeezed in the sealing groove 133. Because the soil itself is a matrix material with a certain viscosity, the sealing of the rear plug 131 can be achieved by utilizing the characteristics of the soil itself. Using soil sealing, first, it can be sealed in time when sampling, and the timeliness is stronger, and second, it greatly avoids the infection of soil samples, and avoids the possibility of contamination of soil samples by using other sealing materials.

[0071] In order to facilitate the collection of soil samples and soil air samples, the sampling box 100 is provided with a plurality of air holes, and the air holes are detachably provided with sealing plugs 400. Specifically, a plurality of front air holes 122 are provided on the front side plate 120, and a plurality of rear air holes 132 are provided on the rear panel 130, and sealing plugs 400 are detachably provided on the front air holes 122 and the rear air holes 132. In an optional embodiment, after the sealing plug 400 is installed, the inner and outer sides of the front side plate 120 and the rear panel 130 are both planes, that is, the thickness of the sealing plug 400 is equal to the thickness of the front side plate 120 and the rear panel 130, so as to ensure that the sealing plug 400 will not fall off when the side wall of the sampling box 100 is vertically pressed into the soil.

[0072] After installing the partition 300, the soil sample is taken. Take the sampling box 100 out of the soil pit, place it at room temperature or low temperature and bring it back to the laboratory to wait for the sample to be extracted for testing. The low temperature is a temperature range of -20°C to 4°C. If the soil microbial content is high and cannot be analyzed and measured in time, the sample sampling box 100 and the soil sample need to be refrigerated and stored at -20°C.

[0073] When extracting the soil sample or soil air sample in the sampling box 100, remove the sealing plug 400. When sampling the air sample in the sampling box 100, especially when sampling the free air, remove the sealing plug 400, connect the front air hole 122 or the rear air hole 132 to the suction pump, and then extract the air. Of course, in the specific operation, one of the front air hole 122 or the rear air hole 132 can be connected to the suction pump, and the other hole can be connected to the carrier gas source.

[0074] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0075] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0076] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0077] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0078] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the above preferred embodiments should not be regarded as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the scope defined by the claims. For ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil sampling device for retaining soil and soil air in situ, characterized in that: A sampling box with an opening at the lower end is provided, wherein the front panel and the rear panel of the sampling box are provided with at least one pair of sockets, and a partition is detachably installed on each pair of sockets, and the partition is sealed when assembled with the sockets, a rear socket is provided on the rear panel, and a sealing groove is provided on the outer side of the rear socket, the bottom of the sealing groove is not higher than the lower edge of the rear socket, and the top of the sealing groove is not lower than the upper edge of the rear socket, the length of the sealing groove is equal to the width of the rear socket, and the width of the sealing groove is 0.05-0.3 cm; a front socket is provided on the front panel, and a sealing plate for sealing the front socket is provided on the partition; slide grooves are provided on the inner walls of the left and right side panels of the sampling box, and the partition is slidably sealed with the slide grooves; A sliding hole is provided on the top plate of the sampling box; a piston plate is horizontally installed in the sampling box, the piston plate is connected to one end of a piston rod, and the other end of the piston rod is connected to a handle; the piston rod is slidably matched with the sliding hole; The sampling box is provided with a plurality of air holes, and sealing plugs are detachably provided on the air holes.

2. The soil sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the sampling box is provided with an inserting and cutting portion.

3. The soil sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the sampling box is equal to the thickness of the cultivated layer of the cultivated soil.

4. A method for collecting in-situ soil and soil air samples using the soil sampling device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. The opening of the sampling box is close to the ground, and the side wall of the sampling box is pressed vertically into the soil; S2. Dig a pit outside the front panel and completely expose the front panel in the pit; S3, insert the partition into the front socket on the front panel and the rear socket on the rear panel in sequence, and seal the front socket and the rear socket; S4. Take out the sampling box and bring it back to the laboratory at normal or low temperature to wait for soil and soil air analysis.

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