Mountainous tea garden ditching and fertilizing soil integrated machine

Abstract

Mountain tea garden ditching fertilization and soil integrated machine belongs to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and its characterized in that: the integrated machine includes a moving system, a power system, a fertilization system, a ditching system and a soil system installed on a carrying platform, and the ditching system is located between the fertilization system and the soil system; the ditching system mainly includes a ditching drill, a connector, a liftable high-speed power shaft and a storage cylinder, and three pairs of spiral knives are arranged on the outer periphery of the ditching drill. The present application has good performance, wide applicability, and integrates fertilization, tillage and soil in one, and can be used in both flat and sloping tea gardens, and can apply both granular and powdery organic fertilizers. Moreover, the present application realizes precise quantitative fertilization by adopting the mode of spiral tooth groove quantitative combination with speed regulation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and in particular relates to a fertilizer application machine for mountain tea gardens. Background Technology

[0002] In tea production, fertilization is a crucial means of improving tea yield and quality. Among these, chemical fertilizers are favored for their convenience and high efficiency. However, long-term or excessive use of chemical fertilizers can damage the soil structure of tea gardens, leading to soil acidification, significant nutrient loss, and consequently, pollution of surface and groundwater. Furthermore, excessive use of chemical fertilizers can reduce both tea yield and quality.

[0003] However, organic fertilizers often have disadvantages such as large volume, low nutrient content, slow effect, and high cost due to the large amount of labor required for trenching and fertilization. At the same time, tea gardens are mostly distributed in hilly and mountainous areas, which often have problems such as inconvenient transportation. In order to solve this problem, it is urgent to develop a machine suitable for applying organic fertilizers in mountain tea gardens to replace manual trenching and fertilization. However, there are few types of fertilizer machinery on the market at present, and there are no reports of organic fertilizer application machinery for mountain tea gardens. The main reasons are: (1) Most fertilizer applicators or rotary tillers currently use disc-type rotary tillers or spiral trenching components. Both of these blades will throw the loosened soil to one side or both sides during operation, causing the soil between rows to accumulate towards the roots of tea trees, while the soil in the middle of the tea rows gradually decreases. Too much soil accumulation at the roots of tea trees will lead to oxygen deficiency in the tea tree roots and affect normal growth. (2) Existing fertilization equipment has poor performance in terms of crossing and climbing, and its power is not large enough. It is also light in weight and can only be used in flat tea gardens. It is not suitable for tea gardens on slopes, let alone steep slopes. (3) Most of the mechanical equipment has a relatively simple function. Fertilization, tillage and soil compaction cannot be completed in one go. (4) Most of the existing fertilization machines can only be used for granular fertilizers, while organic fertilizers are mostly in powder form. Organic fertilizers of the same volume are significantly lighter than chemical fertilizers. Powdered fertilizers are prone to clogging and other problems and cannot be applied. (5) Most fertilizer applicators adjust the amount of fertilizer by adjusting the size of the discharge hole. This method is prone to uneven fertilizer application and inaccurate quantification due to uneven fertilizer distribution. Some fertilizer applicators control the amount of fertilizer to be proportional to the speed of the machine. The faster the machine travels, the faster the fertilizer is discharged. However, since the ground between tea garden rows is mostly not flat, the fertilizer applicator will often bump when traveling. In addition, the method of controlling fertilizer discharge is generally not very precise, so the actual amount of fertilizer applied is not very accurate. Some fertilizer applicators control the amount of fertilizer by setting up weight sensors, teeth, granular material spreading and diversion devices, fertilizer discharge hole opening controllers or speed switches, etc., which are not very convenient to use and are more complicated. It is difficult to accurately control the amount of fertilizer applied. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the technical problems existing in the background art, the purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated ditching, fertilizing and soil-laying machine suitable for mountain tea gardens.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] The integrated ditching, fertilizing, and soil-laying machine for mountain tea gardens is characterized in that: the integrated machine includes a transport system, a power system, a fertilizing system, a ditching system, and a soil-laying system installed on a mounting platform, wherein the ditching system is located between the fertilizing system and the soil-laying system.

[0007] The aforementioned integrated ditching, fertilizing, and soil-laying machine for mountain tea gardens is characterized in that: the transportation system uses a single triangular track as the walking component, and the track is installed in a "four wheels and one track" triangular arrangement, which consists of an active traction wheel, a driven wheel, a support wheel, a tension wheel, and the track.

[0008] The aforementioned integrated ditching, fertilizing, and soil-tracking machine for mountain tea gardens is characterized in that: the power system mainly includes a diesel engine, a small generator, and a storage battery, as well as a transmission shaft and wiring connected to the power source, providing electricity and power for the transportation system, fertilizing system, ditching system, and soil-tracking system.

[0009] The integrated ditching, fertilizing, and soil-laying machine for mountain tea gardens is characterized in that: the fertilization system mainly consists of a fertilizer loading hopper, an anti-blocking device, a conveying hopper, a spiral quantitative rotating shaft, and a discharge pipe. The anti-blocking device is equipped with a roller brush, and the spiral quantitative rotating shaft is located at the bottom of the fertilizer conveying hopper. Quantitative fertilization is achieved by adjusting the rotation speed of the spiral quantitative rotating shaft.

[0010] The integrated ditching, fertilizing, and soil-laying machine for mountain tea gardens is characterized in that: the ditching system mainly includes a ditching drill, a connector, a liftable high-speed power shaft, and a storage cylinder. The connector is connected to the liftable high-speed power shaft at the top and to the ditching drill and the storage cylinder for accommodating the ditching drill at the bottom. The ditching drill is provided with three pairs of spiral cutters on its outer periphery.

[0011] The aforementioned integrated ditching, fertilizing, and soil-laying machine for mountain tea gardens is characterized in that: the ditching drill consists of a cylindrical main shaft and three pairs of spiral cutters fixedly connected to the outer wall of the main shaft, wherein: the spiral cutter consists of a fixed wall that fits against the side wall of the main shaft, an upper side wall of the upper part of the spiral cutter, spiral blades on the outer side of the spiral cutter, and a rear side wall at the bottom of the spiral cutter, all integrally formed from solid high-speed steel; the spiral cutter has an inwardly recessed soil-retaining cavity in the middle; and the spiral blades have cutting edges.

[0012] The aforementioned integrated ditching, fertilizing, and soil-laying machine for mountain tea gardens is characterized by: a spiral blade with a total width of 4 cm and a total length of 10 cm, and a soil-breaking device at the bottom of the spiral blade.

[0013] The aforementioned integrated ditching, fertilizing, and soil-tracking machine for mountain tea gardens is characterized in that: the soil-tracking system mainly includes a soil-collecting strip and a liftable elastic fixing rod fixedly connected to it. The soil-collecting strip consists of three metal strips with rubber strips installed, which collect the mixture of soil and fertilizer near the ditch back into the ditch and fill it. The liftable elastic fixing rod is equipped with a spring and movable gap in the connection part between it and the mounting platform to ensure that it can pass smoothly when it encounters obstacles.

[0014] The aforementioned integrated ditching, fertilizing, and soil-laying machine for mountain tea gardens is characterized in that: the pitch of the ditching drill is 8 cm, and the spiral cutter rotates clockwise.

[0015] The aforementioned integrated ditching, fertilizing, and soil-laying machine for mountain tea gardens is characterized in that: the lower end of the main shaft of the ditching drill is provided with a drill bit with a spiral groove.

[0016] The aforementioned integrated ditching, fertilizing, and soil-tracking machine for mountain tea gardens boasts superior performance, wide applicability, and combines fertilization, tillage, and soil tracking into one unit. It can be used in both flat and sloping tea gardens, and can apply both granular and powdered organic fertilizers, solving the problem of a lack of suitable machinery for powdered organic fertilizers. Simultaneously, an innovative ditching and fertilizer mixing device was developed. This ditching drill consists of three pairs of symmetrically and evenly distributed spiral blades mounted on the main shaft, with a total height of 30 cm. During operation, the spiral blades and a downward-sloping retaining cavity prevent the cut soil and surface fertilizer from being thrown to the sides, instead directly throwing them into the subsequent fertilization ditch. A soil-tracking device is designed after this device, thus integrating fertilization, tillage, and soil tracking. Furthermore, based on the differences in nutrient content of different fertilizers, this invention employs a combination of spiral toothed grooves and speed control to achieve precise quantitative fertilization. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fertilization system of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the trenching drill of the present invention;

[0020] In the diagram: 11-Active traction wheel; 12-Driven wheel; 13-Support wheel; 14-Tension wheel; 15-Crawler; 16-Transfer support; 17-Steering wheel; 18-Steering wheel; 21-Diesel engine; 22-Small generator; 23-Battery; 31-Fertilizer loading hopper; 32-Anti-blocking device; 33-Conveying hopper; 34-Spiral metering shaft; 35-Discharge pipe; 36-Shelf; 37-Support; 41-Trenching drill; 411-Main shaft; 412-Fixed wall; 413-Upper side wall; 414-Spiral blade; 415-Rear side wall; 416-Soil retaining cavity; 417-Blade; 418-Soil breaker; 419-Drill bit; 42-Connector; 43-Liftable high-speed power shaft; 44-Collection cylinder; 51-Soil gathering strip; 52-Liftable elastic fixing rod; 6-Mounting platform. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-3 The present invention will be described in further detail. For parts that are not specifically described or shown in the accompanying drawings, the prior art is used and will not be described again here.

[0022] The invention relates to an integrated ditching, fertilizing, and soil-tracking machine for mountain tea gardens (hereinafter referred to as the integrated machine). It mainly consists of five systems: a transport system, a power system, a fertilizing system, a ditching system, and a soil-tracking system. Each of these systems is connected to a mounting platform 6, with the ditching system located between the fertilizing and soil-tracking systems. The preferred dimensions of the machine are 1500 mm * 60 mm * 1200 mm, and the machine weighs 200 kg. A detailed description of each system follows.

[0023] To ensure good maneuverability in mountainous tea gardens, the transport system of this fertilizer applicator utilizes a single triangular track with excellent adhesion and maneuverability as its walking component. The track is installed in a "four-wheel-one-track" triangular arrangement. The "four-wheel-one-track" system consists of a drive traction wheel 11, a driven wheel 12, a support wheel 13, a tension wheel 14, and the track 15. The drive traction wheel 11 is located at the vertex of the triangle, while the driven wheel 12, support wheel 13, and tension wheel 14 are located at the base of the triangle. The "four-wheel-one-track" system is fixed to the transport bracket 16. This single-track design is applicable to tea gardens with varying row widths and steep mountainous terrain, with a maximum climbing angle of 30 degrees, adapting to different terrains. To prevent slippage, the track 15 is made of metal, and the optimal fertilization speed is 10-12 m / min. For easy control of the machine's direction of travel, the transport system also includes steering wheels 18, resembling a steering wheel 17.

[0024] The power system of this invention mainly includes a diesel engine 21, a small generator 22, and a storage battery 23, as well as a drive shaft and wiring connected to the power source, providing electricity and power for the transportation system, fertilization system, ditching system, and soil-laying system. Considering that some tea garden soils are compacted, ditching requires greater power; therefore, the diesel engine is preferably 11 horsepower (8 kW), and the small generator 22 is preferably 3 kilowatts.

[0025] The fertilization system designed in this invention mainly consists of a fertilizer loading hopper 31, an anti-clogging device 32, a conveying hopper 33, a spiral metering shaft 34, and a discharge pipe 35. To extend the fertilizer supply time of the integrated machine and avoid multiple returns for replenishment, the fertilizer loading hopper 31 is equipped with shelves 36 for temporary fertilizer storage and supports 37 for supporting the shelves 36 on both sides, capable of holding 2-4 bags of fertilizer for continued use. The anti-clogging device 32 has rollers of varying lengths fixedly connected to its shaft. These rollers rotate with the shaft, causing the fertilizer to fall smoothly, thus solving the problem of clogging easily with powdered fertilizer. To precisely control the amount of fertilizer applied, this invention features a spiral metering shaft 34 at the bottom of the fertilizer conveying hopper 33. The spiral metering shaft has several identical spiral grooves, with a central axis radius of 3 cm and a pitch of 5 cm between adjacent grooves. Positioning the spiral metering shaft near the bottom utilizes the weight of the fertilizer and the vibration of the fertilizer applicator to ensure that the fertilizer in the conveying hopper falls to the bottom and covers each groove of the spiral metering shaft. Since the volume of each spiral groove is fixed, the weight of one groove can be calculated by weighing the unit volume of the applied fertilizer. Based on the nutrient content of the fertilizer, the precise content of each groove can be calculated. Therefore, by inputting the fertilizer application rate per acre and the fertilizer weight per unit volume into the microcontroller, the controller can calculate the corresponding rotation speed and output a corresponding rotation speed command to adjust the spiral metering shaft to achieve precise quantitative fertilization. This invention precisely controls the amount of fertilizer applied by adjusting the rotation speed of the screw metering shaft using a stepless speed regulator, based on the fertilizer content and the quantitative volume of one screw spacing. A faster rotation speed results in a larger fertilizer application, while a slower rotation speed results in a smaller application. Furthermore, to prevent corrosion, the screw metering shaft is preferably made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

[0026] The trenching system of this invention is a vertical spiral type, designed directly behind the fertilization system. The trenching system mainly includes a trenching drill 41, a connector 42, a liftable high-speed power shaft 43, and a storage cylinder 44. The liftable high-speed power shaft 43 is mounted above the connector 42, and the trenching drill 41 and the storage cylinder 44 for accommodating the trenching drill are mounted below it. The trenching drill 41 designed in this invention (see...) Figure 3The device consists of a cylindrical main shaft 411 and three pairs of spiral cutters fixedly connected to the outer wall of the main shaft. The spiral cutters are composed of a fixed wall 412 that fits against the side wall of the main shaft, an upper side wall 413 at the top of the spiral cutter, a spiral blade 414 on the outside of the spiral cutter, and a rear side wall 415 at the bottom of the spiral cutter. The spiral cutters are integrally formed from solid high-speed steel, with a total width of 4cm and a total length of 10cm. Each set of cutters consists of two spiral cutters that are wider at the top and narrower at the bottom and are installed on the main shaft 411 at equal heights according to a height gradient, with an inset of 1cm. The main shaft 411 has a diameter of 4cm, and its side wall has a corresponding shaped groove with an inset of 1cm at the position for installing the fixed wall 412 of the spiral cutters. Each groove is fixed to the two opposite spiral cutters by three internal locking screws (two in the upper middle and one in the lower middle). When the spiral cutter is fitted on the main shaft, its exposed part is at most 3cm thick. The fixed wall 412, upper side wall 413, spiral blade 414, and rear side wall 415 of the spiral cutter form an inwardly recessed cavity structure in the middle, which is the soil-retaining cavity 416. The spiral blade 414 has a cutting edge 417 on its edge, and a soil-breaking device 418 is provided at the bottom of the spiral cutter. In order to facilitate the trenching drill to move downward from the ground surface to reach the target depth, the lower end of the main shaft of the trenching drill is provided with a drill bit 419 with a spiral groove. When the trenching drill rotates at high speed, it breaks the soil and opens trenches through the drill bit 419 and spiral blade 414, and at the same time, it fully mixes the soil with the fertilizer applied to the soil surface and throws it backward. The upper part of the connector 42 is connected to the liftable high-speed power shaft 43, and the lower part is detachably connected to the trenching drill 41. It is mainly used to fix the trenching drill and enable the trenching drill to rotate at high speed under the action of the liftable high-speed power shaft. The liftable high-speed power shaft 43 primarily functions to lift and provide power to the trenching rotor. During operation, it lowers the drill bit to the designated height based on the trenching depth, then provides power for trenching. The storage cylinder 44 has an open lower end and is fixedly connected to the connector 42 at its upper end. The trenching drill 41 retracts upward or extends downward into the storage cylinder as the liftable high-speed power shaft moves. In other words, after trenching is completed or when trenching is not required, the liftable high-speed power shaft 43 drives the trenching drill upward until it is completely retracted into the storage cylinder, serving to store the trenching drill and provide safety protection. The retaining cavity 416 prevents soil cut by the spiral cutter and fertilizer on the soil surface from being thrown away. The soil breaker 418 is mainly used to break the soil first, making it easier for the blade 417 to cut the soil, improving trenching efficiency and fertilization effect.

[0027] The soil-feeding system of this invention is located behind the trenching system (i.e., the trenching system is located between the fertilization system and the soil-feeding system). It mainly includes a soil-collecting strip 51 and a liftable elastic fixing rod 52 fixedly connected to it. The soil-collecting strip 51 consists of three metal strips fitted with rubber strips, which collect the mixture of soil and fertilizer near the trench and fill it back into the trench. The liftable elastic fixing rod 52 is connected to the mounting platform 6 with a spring and a movable gap to ensure it can pass smoothly over obstacles such as stones and wooden stakes. When in operation, the soil-covering device is lowered to the soil surface and fixed; when not in operation, it is raised to 30 cm above the ground to ensure smooth passage of the machinery.

[0028] The trenching, fertilization, and soil preparation operation is as follows: First, the fertilization system is turned on, and fertilizer falls from the fertilizer positioning tube 35 to the trenching location. Then, the trenching system motor is started, driving the trenching drill downwards via the liftable high-speed power shaft 43. The trenching drill extends below the receiving cylinder, and under high-speed rotation, the bottommost drill bit 419 and two soil breakers 418 break the soil and move downwards. Subsequently, the spiral blade 414 of the rotary cutter contacts the surrounding soil and cuts it with the cutting edge 418. The thrown soil and fertilizer are caught by the soil retaining cavity 416 of the rotary cutter and then flung into the subsequent fertilization trench under the action of rotational force. Preferably, the trenching drill has a pitch of 8 cm, the spiral cutter rotates clockwise, its working speed is 350 r / min, the maximum trenching depth is 30 cm, and the width of the fertilization trench is 14 cm. The organic fertilizer applied to the surface of the tea garden soil is mixed with the soil and thrown backward by the downward spiral force and the action of the retaining cavity. Most of the soil and fertilizer mixture falls into the fertilization ditch behind, while a small portion of the soil and fertilizer mixture that falls to the side of the fertilization ditch is then collected back into the ditch by the soil-laying system and the ground is leveled, achieving the purpose of integrated ditch opening, fertilization and soil laying.

[0029] The electricity generated by the small generator 22 is stored in the battery 23 and is used to power the motors of the anti-blocking device 32, the fertilizer screw conveyor metering shaft 34, the trenching drill lifting motor, and the soil-feeding system lifting motor. The diesel engine 21 mainly provides power for the movement of the transport system and the operation of the trenching drill 41.

[0030] This invention presents an integrated ditching, fertilizing, and soil-tracking machine for mountain tea gardens. It boasts superior performance, wide applicability, and combines fertilization, tillage, and soil-tracking into one unit. It can be used in both flat and sloping tea gardens, and can apply both granular fertilizers (including organic and chemical fertilizers) and powdered organic fertilizers, solving the problem of the lack of suitable machinery for powdered organic fertilizers. Simultaneously, an innovative ditching and fertilizer mixing device has been developed. This ditching drill consists of three pairs of symmetrically and evenly distributed spiral blades mounted on the main shaft, with a total height of 30 cm. During operation, the spiral blades and a downward-sloping retaining cavity prevent the cut soil and surface fertilizer from being thrown to the sides, instead directly throwing them into the fertilization ditch behind. A soil-tracking device is designed after this device, thus integrating fertilization, tillage, and soil-tracking. Furthermore, based on the differences in nutrient content of different fertilizers, this invention employs a combination of spiral toothed grooves and speed control to achieve precise quantitative fertilization.

Claims

1. A ditching, fertilizing, and soil-laying integrated machine for mountain tea gardens, characterized by: The integrated machine includes a transport system, a power system, a fertilization system, a trenching system, and a soil-feeding system mounted on a platform (6). The trenching system is located between the fertilization system and the soil-feeding system. The trenching system mainly includes a trenching drill (41), a connector (42), a liftable high-speed power shaft (43), and a storage cylinder (44). The connector is connected to the liftable high-speed power shaft at the top and to the trenching drill and the storage cylinder for accommodating the trenching drill at the bottom. The trenching drill (41) has three pairs of... Spiral cutter; The trenching drill (41) consists of a cylindrical main shaft (411) and three pairs of spiral cutters fixedly connected to the outer wall of the main shaft. The spiral cutter is composed of a fixed wall (412) that fits against the side wall of the main shaft, an upper side wall (413) at the top of the spiral cutter, a spiral blade (414) on the outside of the spiral cutter, and a rear side wall (415) at the bottom of the spiral cutter. It is integrally formed from solid high-speed steel. The spiral cutter has an inwardly recessed soil-retaining cavity (416) in the middle. The edge of the spiral blade is provided with a cutting edge (417).

2. The integrated ditching, fertilizing, and soil-laying machine for mountain tea gardens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transport system uses a single triangular track as the walking component. The track is installed in a "four wheels and one track" triangular arrangement. The "four wheels and one track" consists of an active traction wheel (11), a driven wheel (12), a support wheel (13), a tension wheel (14), and a track (15).

3. The integrated ditching, fertilizing, and soil-laying machine for mountain tea gardens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power system mainly includes a diesel engine (21), a small generator (22), and a battery (23), as well as a drive shaft and wiring connected to the power system, providing electricity and power for the transport system, fertilization system, trenching system and soil-laying system.

4. The integrated ditching, fertilizing, and soil-laying machine for mountain tea gardens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilization system mainly consists of a fertilizer loading hopper (31), an anti-blocking device (32), a conveying hopper (33), a spiral metering shaft (34), and a discharge pipe (35). The anti-blocking device is equipped with a roller brush, and the spiral metering shaft is located at the bottom of the fertilizer conveying hopper. Quantitative fertilization is achieved by adjusting the rotation speed of the spiral metering shaft.

5. The integrated ditching, fertilizing, and soil-laying machine for mountain tea gardens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral blade has a total width of 4cm and a total length of 10cm. The bottom of the spiral blade is equipped with a soil breaker (418).

6. The integrated ditching, fertilizing, and soil-laying machine for mountain tea gardens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil-collecting system mainly includes a soil-collecting strip (51) and a liftable elastic fixing rod (52) fixedly connected to it. The soil-collecting strip consists of three metal strips with rubber strips installed, which collect the mixture of soil and fertilizer near the ditch back into the ditch and fill it. The liftable elastic fixing rod (52) is equipped with a spring and movable gap in the connection part with the platform to ensure that it can pass smoothly when it encounters obstacles.

7. The integrated ditching, fertilizing, and soil-laying machine for mountain tea gardens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pitch of the trenching drill (41) is 8 cm, and the spiral cutter rotates clockwise.

8. The integrated ditching, fertilizing, and soil-laying machine for mountain tea gardens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the main shaft of the trenching drill (41) is provided with a drill bit with a spiral groove.

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