Baking apparatus with segmented busbar pair

Abstract

The present invention provides baking equipment for producing baked products, preferably edible products, wherein a plurality of openable and closable baking tray devices (1) are provided, wherein a continuous conveyor belt (4) is provided, wherein at least one fixed bus pair (10) following the continuous conveyor belt (4) is provided, the bus pair comprising two busbars (11, 12), wherein each baking tray (2, 3) is provided with a commonly moving electric heater (19), specifically a resistance heater, wherein each baking tray (2, 3) has two sliding contacts (20) for electrically connecting the moving baking tray device (1) to the fixed bus pair (10), wherein a three-phase AC power supply (14) having a first phase conductor (U), a second phase conductor (V) and a third phase conductor (W) is provided for supplying power to the electric heater (19), and wherein the bus pair (10) has at least three segments (13), wherein different phase conductor pairs of the three-phase AC power supply (14) are connected at the two busbars (11, 12).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a baking apparatus according to the preamble of the independent claim. Background Technology

[0002] Specifically, the present invention relates to baking equipment, particularly an oven, for the industrial production of baked goods, preferably edible goods, wherein multiple baking trays are continuously conveyed along a continuous conveyor belt through different areas. The continuous conveyor belt is a continuous conveying component, such as a circulating conveyor chain.

[0003] The baking pan assembly of general baking equipment is typically designed as a baking tong and includes two baking pans. When the baking pans are in the open position, dough or baking mixture is applied to the lower baking pan. Subsequently, the corresponding baking tong is further conveyed, closed, and moved through the baking chamber. According to the prior art, the baking chamber is typically heated by a gas heater, thereby baking the dough arranged between the two baking pans through heat conduction within the baking pans.

[0004] There are two different types of baking ovens. One type is a baking oven where the dough is baked without pressure, and the other type is an oven where a pressure baking mold is formed by a baking tray device.

[0005] After baking, the baking trays are opened, and the baked wafers can be removed one by one. The dough is then applied back to the opened baking trays, and the process restarts. Typically, the baking trays are attached one after another to a continuous conveyor belt.

[0006] In the prior art, there are devices in which each baking pan has a commonly moving electric heater. These commonly moving heaters are supplied via sliding contacts and a fixed busbar.

[0007] In one known implementation, DC voltage is supplied to the resistance heater on the baking pan. However, in this case, the power electronics must be protected in the event of a short circuit due to the very fast-acting NH fuse, which leads to increased costs. A short circuit can also occur due to the resistance heater on the baking pan itself or dough overflowing from the pan. Overflow from the baking pan results in increased baking waste, which is then underbaked due to less heat compared to a gas-heated oven, and can subsequently cause a short circuit on the busbar.

[0008] Based on another known heating method using electric current, the resistance heater is fed a single-phase AC voltage by the inverter. Compared to DC voltage feeding, this has the advantage of short-circuit detection by power electronics and the elimination of the need for additional, expensive protection circuitry. The single-phase design is technically easy to implement, but its disadvantage is that only about 70% of the available inverter power can be used.

[0009] There is currently a demand for general-purpose baking ovens with improved efficiency. Efficiency can be increased in one way: by using ovens with enhanced energy efficiency and lower energy costs for the same baking capacity. However, efficiency can also be improved through more efficient production processes, which can be specifically achieved by reducing waste, but also by extending lifespan or shortening usage time. Summary of the Invention

[0010] One object of the present invention is to provide a baking apparatus with improved efficiency.

[0011] This objective is specifically achieved through a combination of features in the independent claims.

[0012] This invention specifically relates to a baking apparatus for producing baked goods, preferably edible goods. Preferably, it provides a plurality of openable and closable baking trays.

[0013] Specifically, the baking pan device is specified to have two baking pans and a baking mold for forming a baking mixture or dough between the closed baking pans.

[0014] Preferably, a continuous conveyor belt is provided that continuously transports the baking trays arranged in a row:

[0015] -Passing through the baking mixture application area of ​​the opened baking pan device,

[0016] -Through the closed area used to close and, as appropriate, lock the baking tray assembly.

[0017] - Passing through the baking area used for baking the baking mixture arranged in the baking pan device.

[0018] -Through the opening area used to open the baking tray device

[0019] - and through the removal area for removing the baked molded body from the baking mixture.

[0020] Preferably, at least one fixed busbar pair is provided that follows a continuous conveyor belt and includes two busbars.

[0021] Preferably, each baking pan is provided with a commonly moving electric heater, specifically a resistance heater.

[0022] Each baking tray preferably has two sliding contacts for electrically connecting the moving baking tray assembly to a fixed bus pair.

[0023] Specifically, in all embodiments, one sliding contact of the baking pan is electrically connected to a busbar, and another sliding contact of the same baking pan is electrically connected to another busbar of the busbar pair. Thus, the heater of the baking pan specifically heats the resistors electrically connected between these two busbars.

[0024] Preferably, a three-phase AC power supply with a first phase conductor U, a second phase conductor V, and a third phase conductor W is provided to supply power to the electric heater.

[0025] Preferably, the busbar pair is specified to have at least three sections in which different phase conductor pairs of the three-phase AC power supply are connected to two busbars.

[0026] Preferably, it is specified that:

[0027] - The first phase conductor U and the second phase conductor V are connected relative to each other at the first busbar section.

[0028] - The second phase conductor V and the third phase conductor W are connected relative to each other at the second section of the busbar.

[0029] -And the relative connections of the third phase conductor W and the first phase conductor U are made at the busbar of the third segment.

[0030] Preferably, an insulator is provided that electrically insulates a segment of a busbar pair from the adjacent busbars along the orientation of the busbar pair.

[0031] Specifically, the insulator is specified to be adapted to the shape of the busbar and / or to align two adjacent busbars together.

[0032] Preferably, at least two 3-phase AC power supplies are provided, wherein the 3-phase AC power supplies are specifically the outputs of two different 3-phase inverters.

[0033] Preferably, two pairs of busbars extending parallel to each other are provided.

[0034] The first bus pair preferably supplies current to all lower baking pans. The second bus pair preferably supplies current to all upper baking pans.

[0035] Optionally, both bus pairs are supplied by the same 3-phase AC power source (14).

[0036] Alternatively, the busbars may be supplied with a separate 3-phase AC power source.

[0037] Optionally, one or more bus pairs may be specified to each have at least six segments.

[0038] Optionally, it is stipulated that the different phase conductor pairs of the first three-phase AC power supply are connected at the busbars of the three sections.

[0039] Optionally, it is specified that the different phase conductors of the second three-phase AC power supply are connected at the busbars of the other three sections.

[0040] Optionally, it is stipulated that if additional segments are provided, specifically three additional segments, then at least one additional pair of different phase conductors of a three-phase AC power supply shall be connected.

[0041] Provide six sections if necessary. Where applicable, specify...

[0042] -The first phase conductor U' and the second phase conductor V' of the first three-phase AC power supply are connected relative to each other at the first section of the busbar.

[0043] - The second phase conductor V' and the third phase conductor W' of the first 3-phase AC power supply 14' are connected relative to each other at the busbar of the second section 13".

[0044] - The third phase conductor W' and the first phase conductor U' of the first three-phase AC power supply are connected at the third busbar.

[0045] - The first phase conductor U” and the second phase conductor V” of the second 3-phase AC power supply are connected at the fourth busbar.

[0046] - The second phase conductor V” and the third phase conductor W” of the second 3-phase AC power supply are connected at the fifth busbar.

[0047] -And the third phase conductor W” of the second three-phase AC power supply and the first phase conductor U” are connected at the busbar of the sixth segment.

[0048] Optionally, two 3-phase AC power sources are specified to supply different electrical powers to the bus, specifically selectable electrical powers.

[0049] Optionally, the baking pan is heated at a different heating power in the region of the first three-phase AC power supply than in the region of the second three-phase AC power supply.

[0050] Optionally, the first three-phase AC power supply is specified to be connected to three adjacent sections along the direction of the bus pair.

[0051] Optionally, the second three-phase AC power supply is specified to be connected to three adjacent sections along the direction of the bus pair.

[0052] Optionally, it is stipulated that two different heating zones are arranged one after another along the direction of the busbar pair.

[0053] Optionally, it is stipulated that each baking pan is always supplied with current from only a single segment.

[0054] Optionally, the dimensions of the insulator are specified to be set at least along the direction of the bus pair, so as to prevent short circuits and / or arcs between two adjacent segments of the corresponding bus when the sliding contact is removed.

[0055] Optionally, it is specified that all segments of different phase conductor pairs of one (i.e., the same) 3-phase AC power supply connected at the two busbars have the same length.

[0056] Optionally, it is specified that all segments of different phase conductor pairs of one (i.e. the same) 3-phase AC power supply connected at the two busbars supply electrical power to the same number of baking pans.

[0057] Optionally, bus pairs may be specified to have measurement sections.

[0058] Optionally, a measuring device is specified in the measuring section to measure electrical parameters of the baking pan, such specifically the resistance of the heated baking pan and / or the resistance or insulation relative to ground.

[0059] Optionally, the measuring device is specified to continuously, preferably, receive the parameters of the baking pan that has been transmitted through the measuring section each time it passes through.

[0060] Optionally, a database is provided in which the parameters recorded by the measuring device are stored and optionally assigned to the values ​​of the identification baking pan.

[0061] Optionally, in addition to the conductive sections of one or more bus pairs, a measuring section is also provided.

[0062] Through special connection of the phase conductors, the power provided by the 3-phase AC power supply can be optimally utilized, specifically up to 100%.

[0063] These segments are specifically formed by the segmentation of one or more busbar pairs. Between these segments, insulators are preferably arranged such that their busbars are electrically disconnected from each other, thereby allowing different pairs to be connected at each of the different segments.

[0064] In all embodiments, in addition to one or more bus pairs, a grounding frame busbar may be provided as a grounding element for the baking tray assembly. Specifically, additional sliding contacts that make electrical contact with the frame busbar may be provided for all baking tray assemblies. Using this frame busbar, insulators and sections can be eliminated. Specifically, a single continuous frame busbar may exist for all sections.

[0065] By selecting the number and / or power of the 3-phase AC power supply, the heating power of the baking equipment can be freely selected in the design of the baking equipment, and thus the number of baking trays can be freely selected.

[0066] Specifically, the number of baking trays can be flexibly adjusted, thus flexibly adjusting the output of the baking equipment. For example, two 3-phase AC power supplies can supply power to six sections of a bus pair. For example, three 3-phase AC power supplies can supply power to nine sections of a bus pair. For example, four 3-phase AC power supplies can supply power to twelve sections of a bus pair. For example, two 3-phase AC power supplies can supply power to six sections of a bus pair used for the lower baking tray, and two 3-phase AC power supplies can supply power to six sections of a bus pair used for the lower baking tray. Similarly, this can be extended to have three or more 3-phase AC power supplies per bus pair. If different 3-phase AC power supplies supply different amounts of power, different heating zones can be formed in the baking equipment.

[0067] Specifically, the baking equipment includes a baking pan device, such as baking tongs, for producing baked crisp wafers from an unbaked baking mixture containing 50% to 70% water under overpressure. The baking pan device includes:

[0068] - Two support frames, each of which has at least one support element.

[0069] - Two baking trays, each attached to one of the support brackets.

[0070] - and two connecting devices, which are arranged on both sides of the baking pan and connected to each other via supports.

[0071] Specifically, the baking equipment is designed as a wafer baking oven for the industrial production of wafers.

[0072] The baking pan device preferably includes rollers, such that the baking pan device is designed as, for example, a baking tongs holder.

[0073] Optionally, the baking tray assembly includes guide rollers for laterally guiding the baking tray assembly along its path of movement within the baking equipment.

[0074] Optionally, the baking pan assembly includes control components that are in operative contact with control components of the baking equipment (such as linkages with the baking equipment) for controlling movement, such as for opening and closing the baking pan assembly.

[0075] This structure allows for the independent selection of the materials for the support frame and the baking pan. As a result, a baking pan material with high heat capacity and the ability to conduct heat evenly throughout the baking pan can be selected.

[0076] The baking pan and the support frame can be made of the same material or both to avoid differences in thermal expansion. However, it is also conceivable that the support frame could be made of a different material than the baking pan.

[0077] Specifically, the support frame can be made of cast iron, such as ductile iron. The support frame may optionally be constructed from profiles or cast as a single piece. The baking tray is preferably made of cast iron, particularly ductile iron.

[0078] Preferably, an adjustment assembly is provided that allows the position and / or profile of the baking pan to be adjusted relative to the support frame to which the baking pan is attached. The adjustment assembly preferably includes multiple adjustment devices, such as adjustment screws.

[0079] Optionally, each baking pan is connected to the support frame via an adjustment component.

[0080] Optionally, the baking tray is attached to the support frame only via the adjustment components.

[0081] Optionally, one, particularly the first connecting device, is designed as a hinge, and another, particularly the second connecting device, is designed as a locking device, such that the baking pan device is designed as baking tongs.

[0082] Optionally, a sealing strip, such as a sealing strip and / or a steam strip, is provided for forming an overpressure baking mold.

[0083] Preferably, the power output or power consumption of all heaters in all three sections of the three-phase AC power supply is specified to be equal.

[0084] Preferably, the same number of baking trays are connected to all segments of the AC power supply, thereby optimally utilizing the three different phases of the AC power supply. Preferably, the segments connected to the AC power supply or its different phases are of equal length. However, the length of the segment of the first AC power supply may differ from the length of the segment of the second AC power supply.

[0085] Preferably, all sliding contacts of the baking pan device (i.e., the sliding contacts of the upper baking pan and the lower baking pan) are arranged on one side of the baking pan device and specifically on the lower baking pan of the baking pan device.

[0086] Preferably, the specified electrical power is fed from the sliding contact to the other side via two wires guided above the hinge of the baking pan assembly, specifically to the upper baking pan.

[0087] The invention will now be further described with reference to exemplary embodiments, and in particular with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0088] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the components of a baking apparatus is shown, with only some of the components in the lower baking pan depicted for clarity.

[0089] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the components of a baking apparatus is shown, with some of the baking tongs drawn together with the upper and lower baking pans.

[0090] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of another possible implementation of the bus pair is shown.

[0091] Figure 4 A schematic cross-sectional view of one possible implementation of the baking pan device is shown.

[0092] Unless otherwise specified, the reference numerals correspond to the following parts:

[0093] First phase conductor U, second phase conductor V, third phase conductor W, baking tray device 1, lower baking tray 2, upper baking tray 3, continuous conveyor belt 4, baking mixture application area 5, closed area 6, baking area 7, open area 8, removal area 9, bus pair 10, bus 11, bus 12, (bus pair) section 13, AC power supply 14, inverter 15, measuring section 16, measuring device 17, database 18, resistance heater / heater 19, sliding contact 20, insulator 21, heating resistor 22, cover plate 23, support frame 24, hinge 25, locking device 26, electrical conductor 27. Detailed Implementation

[0094] Figure 1 A schematic view of the components of a baking apparatus is shown, specifically a diagram.

[0095] The baking equipment includes a continuous conveyor belt 4, shown in dashed lines, and can be designed according to existing technology. For example, the continuous conveyor belt 4 is a chain that loops along a closed profile, to which the baking tray assembly 1 is attached to convey it through the baking equipment. In this illustration, only a few baking tray assemblies 1 are shown, and thus only the lower baking tray 2 is shown, in order to better illustrate the function of the components. In all embodiments, it is preferably specified that the baking tray assemblies 1 are arranged substantially in rows along the entire continuous conveyor belt 4.

[0096] The lower baking pan 2 is preferably a baking pan on the bottom or on the upper conveyor surface of the continuous conveyor belt 4, onto which dough is applied. Typically, dough or baking mixture is also applied to the lower baking pan 2 and baked in the baking equipment to form a baked product or shaped body.

[0097] The lower baking pan 2 has heaters 19. Specifically, each heater 19 is attached to the lower baking pan 2 and thus to a portion of the baking pan assembly 1. The heaters 19 are electric heaters and specifically resistance heaters. Electrical power for operating the heaters 19 is provided via bus pair 10. In this embodiment, the bus pair 10 includes two buses 11, 12, specifically a first bus 11 and a second bus 12. The bus pair 10 is preferably configured to follow the direction of the continuous conveyor belt 4. Thus, the baking pan assembly 1 moves along the bus pair 10 during its movement through the baking equipment. To transfer electrical power from the bus pair 10 to the baking pan assembly 1 or its heaters 19, the baking pan assembly 1 includes sliding contacts 20. These sliding contacts 20 contact the bus pair 10 during relative movement of the baking pan assembly 1 relative to the bus pair 10. In all embodiments, each heater 19 preferably includes at least one heating resistor 22, such as a heating coil. Each resistance heater 22 is connected to a sliding contact 20 on each side. The heating resistor 22 is preferably arranged inside the baking pans 2 and 3 and covered by the baking pans. The illustration of the heating resistor 22 is only symbolic for better understanding of the structure of the baking pan device 1.

[0098] In this embodiment, bus pair 10 is divided into three segments 13', 13”, 13”', or bus pair 10 comprises three segments 13', 13”, 13”'. Segments 13', 13”, 13”, or their respective busbars 11, 12 are separated from each other by an insulator 21. In all embodiments, the insulator 21 is preferably adapted to the shape of the busbars 11, 12. If the baking pan device 1 moves along the busbars 11, 12 together with its sliding contact 20, power is transferred from the busbars 11, 12 to the heater 19. However, no power is transferred in the area of ​​the insulator 21. Instead, the insulator 21 is designed to extend along the busbars 11, 12 in any case, such that it is long enough to prevent the busbars 11, 12 or segments 13', 13”, 13”' from short-circuiting each other. Therefore, according to this embodiment, no power is transferred to the heater 19 over a short distance.

[0099] To provide electrical power, an AC power source 14 is typically provided. In this embodiment, the AC power source 14 is preferably an inverter 15 fed by a suitable power source.

[0100] The AC power supply 14 is preferably a three-phase AC power supply 14 having a first phase conductor U, a second phase conductor V, and a third phase conductor W. In this embodiment, preferably in all embodiments, the phase conductors U, V, and W of the AC power supply 14 are specifically connected at each of the busbars 11, 12, or their segments 13 of the busbar pair 10. Thus, the different phase conductor pairs of the three-phase AC power supply 14 are connected at all three segments 13', 13"', and 13"'.

[0101] The 3-phase AC power supply 14 basically has three possibly different phase conductor pairs, namely UV, VW, and WU.

[0102] In this embodiment, for example, the first phase conductor U and the second phase conductor V can be connected at busbars 11 and 12 of the first segment 13'. For example, the second phase conductor V and the third phase conductor W can be connected at busbars 11 and 12 of the second segment 13"'. For example, the third phase conductor W and the first phase conductor U can be connected at busbars 11 and 12 of the third segment 13"'.

[0103] This connection allows for optimal utilization of the power supplied by the 3-phase AC power supply 14.

[0104] Specifically, it is stipulated that each segment 13 has substantially the same length and / or supplies power to at least the same number of baking tray devices 1. In this way, the baking tray devices 1 in each segment 13', 13"', 13"' absorb the same power.

[0105] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of one embodiment of a baking apparatus is shown, in which some baking pan devices 1 are drawn together with corresponding lower baking pans 2 and upper baking pans 3. Not all baking pan devices 1 are shown here for clarity.

[0106] In a baking apparatus, dough or a baking mixture is applied to an open baking pan device 1 in a baking mixture application zone 5. In a subsequent closing zone 6, the baking pan device 1 is closed. In a subsequent baking zone 7, the baking mixture is baked in the baking pan device 1. In this embodiment, since electrical power is preferably transmitted along the entire circuit of the baking pan device 1 to the heater 19 of the baking pan device 1, the baking zone 7 extends substantially along the entire circuit of the baking pan device 1. An exception here is the area in the baking pan device 1 where no baking mixture is provided. Therefore, the baking pan device 1 is opened in an opening zone 8 and the baked molded body or product is removed from the baking pan device 1 in a removal zone 9. After this zone and before the baking mixture application zone 5, there is no baking mixture on the baking pan device 1. The basic operating mode of the baking process in baking tongs is well known.

[0107] Figure 2 The structure basically corresponds to Figure 1 The structure is shown. In addition to the lower baking pan 2, the upper baking pan 3 is also shown, which is also connected to the bus pair 10 via the sliding contact 20.

[0108] In principle, the heaters 19 of the upper baking pan 3 and the lower baking pan 2 can be powered by the same bus pair 10. However, in this embodiment, two bus pairs 10' and 10'' are provided, with one bus pair 10' supplying power to the heater 19 of the lower baking pan 2 and the second bus pair 10'' supplying power to the heater 19 of the upper baking pan 3.

[0109] In this embodiment, preferably two AC power supplies 14', 14” or two inverters 15', 15” are provided, each of which is connected to one of the bus pairs 10', 10”. However, as noted, only one 3-phase AC power supply 14 or one inverter 15 can be provided, with the two bus pairs 10', 10” connected in parallel there. Similar to Figure 1 In the implementation scheme, busbar pair 10 or its busbars 11 and 12 have multiple segments 13', 13"', and 13"'. This is to be compatible with... Figure 1 In a similar manner, different phase conductor pairs are connected sequentially at these segments 13', 13”, and 13”'.

[0110] For the upper baking pan 3 and the lower baking pan 2, the busbar pair 10 can be designed in the same way and specifically extended adjacent to each other.

[0111] Preferably, the sliding contacts 20 of the lower baking pan 2 and the upper baking pan 3 extend from the baking pan assembly 1 on one side. In this embodiment, they extend from the area of ​​the lower baking pan 2 into the interior of the circulation path of the baking pan assembly 1, where the busbars 10', 10" also extend. Now, in order to conduct electrical power from this area to the upper baking pan 3, the conductor 27 can extend from the sliding contact 20 of the upper baking pan 3 along the lower baking pan 2, and the conductor is thus guided to the upper baking pan 3 in the connection area between the upper baking pan 3 and the lower baking pan 2, so as to supply electrical power to the heater 19 of the upper baking pan 3.

[0112] Specifically, each of the lower baking pans 2 is connected to the upper baking pan 3 via a hinge 25. Power can be easily transferred to the upper baking pan 3 through flexible electrical wires 27 in the areas of these hinges 25.

[0113] exist Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the schematic representation, busbars 11 and 12 are formed by three segments 13', 13”, 13”' or by segments 13', 13”, 13”' and insulator 21. Therefore, except for the area of ​​insulator 21, the heater 19 of the baking pan device 1 is continuously supplied with electrical power.

[0114] However, according to a possible alternative embodiment, a separate area may be provided in which different electrical power or no electrical power is transmitted to the heater 19 of the baking pan device 1. For example, an area in the baking mixture application area 5 may also be provided in which no electrical power is transmitted to the heater 19.

[0115] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of another possible implementation of the connection of bus pair 10 or its segment 13 is shown. Figure 3 A bus pair 10 comprising multiple segments 13 is schematically shown. For clarity, only one bus pair 10 is shown. Figure 2 As shown, two bus pairs 10' and 10' can be provided for the upper baking pan 2 and the lower baking pan 3.

[0116] In this embodiment, two AC power supplies 14' and 14'' are provided to bus pairs 10. Each of them has three-phase conductors U', V', and W' or U'', V'', and W''. For the two bus pairs 10, similar to... Figure 2 It can provide four AC power supplies 14'.

[0117] Busbar 10 now has six segments 13' to 13"", each connected to a different pair of two 3-phase AC power supplies 14', 14"".

[0118] Specifically, the interconnect is designed as follows:

[0119] - Provides six segments: 13', 13", 13", 13", 13", 13", 13", 13", 13".

[0120] -The first phase conductor U' and the second phase conductor V' of the first 3-phase AC power supply 14' are connected relative to each other at busbars 11 and 12 of the first section 13'.

[0121] -The second phase conductor V' and the third phase conductor W' of the first three-phase AC power supply 14' are connected relative to each other at busbars 11 and 12 of the second section 13".

[0122] - The third phase conductor W' and the first phase conductor U' of the first 3-phase AC power supply 14' are connected at busbars 11 and 12 of the third segment 13”'.

[0123] -The first phase conductor U” and the second phase conductor V” of the second 3-phase AC power supply 14” are connected at busbars 11 and 12 of the fourth segment 13””.

[0124] -The second phase conductor V” and the third phase conductor W” of the second 3-phase AC power supply 14” are connected at busbars 11 and 12 of the fifth segment 13””.

[0125] - And the third phase conductor W” of the second 3-phase AC power supply 14” and the first phase conductor U” are connected at busbars 11 and 12 of the sixth segment 13”””.

[0126] The same circuit can also be provided for the upper baking pan 3.

[0127] This connection allows for the supply of different electrical powers to different sections 13, thereby creating different heating zones.

[0128] For example, the first three-phase AC power supply 14' can provide different electrical power than the second three-phase AC power supply 14"; thus, heaters 19 connected to different AC power supplies 14' and 14" consume / output different heating power. In this way, the baking pan device 1 can be heated differently in different areas along the circuit.

[0129] Preferably, different 3-phase inverters 15 can be used to set or select the power of different 3-phase AC power supplies 14', 14" . This allows different baking zones to be formed in the baking equipment 1, and their heating power or baking temperature can be selected individually.

[0130] Figure 3 The busbar pair 10 in the embodiment also includes another area, namely the measuring section 16. Such an area may be provided in all embodiments. A measuring device 17 is disposed in the measuring section 16. During passage through the measuring section 16, the measuring device 17 may record parameters of the baking pan device 1. For example, a resistance measurement may be performed on the heater 19 of the baking pan device 1. The parameters or parameter data may be stored in the database 18 and further processed as appropriate. The measuring device 17 may perform an operational check of the baking pan device 1, thereby detecting at an early stage whether the heater 19 or the baking pan device 1 is damaged or is being damaged. In this way, the efficiency of the baking equipment can be improved through early damage detection.

[0131] exist Figure 3 In one embodiment, the same number of baking tray devices 1 are preferably connected to all segments 13 of the AC power supply 14, thereby optimally utilizing the three different phases of the AC power supply 14. The segments 13 connected to the AC power supply 14 or to its different phases preferably have equal lengths. However, the length of segment 13 of the first AC power supply 14' may differ from the length of segment 13 of the second AC power supply 14"".

[0132] Figure 4 A schematic cross-sectional view of one possible embodiment of a baking pan device 1 used in a baking apparatus is shown, as it may be, for example, according to [the relevant source]. Figure 1 , Figure 2 or Figure 3 Used in baking equipment. Baking pan assembly 1 includes a lower baking pan 2 and an upper baking pan 3. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In one implementation, multiple such baking tray devices 1 may be installed along a continuous conveyor belt 4 so as to be conveyed through the baking equipment.

[0133] Both the lower baking pan 2 and the upper baking pan 3 have heaters 19. The heaters 19 are preferably electric heaters, and more specifically, resistance heaters. For this purpose, a heat-conducting plate, such as an aluminum plate, can be attached to the back side of the baking pans 2, 3. Preferably, the heat-conducting plate is thermally connected to the back side of the respective baking pans 2, 3 in a planar manner. Heating resistors 22, such as heating coils, can be inserted into the heat-conducting plate. Preferably, the heating resistors 22 are arranged along the baking pans 2, 3 in a zigzag, annular, or planar manner to heat the baking pans substantially uniformly. An outer cover plate 23 can be provided on the outside of these pans or the heating resistors 22.

[0134] Alternatively, in all embodiments, the heating resistor 22 can be arranged in a groove provided in the back side of the baking pans 2, 3, thereby eliminating the need for a heat-conducting plate. Here, the heating resistor 22 can also be arranged in a zigzag or planar manner.

[0135] In all embodiments, the heating resistor 22 is preferably arranged internally and therefore invisible. To better understand the structure of the heater 19, Figure 1 and Figure 2 The schematic diagram only symbolically shows the heating resistor 22.

[0136] In principle, the baking pan assembly 1 can be self-supporting, with the lower baking pan 2 directly connected to the upper baking pan 3 in a manner similar to a hinge in all cases. However, in this embodiment, a support frame 24 is provided, comprising two frame portions connected via hinge 25. Each frame portion carries one of the baking pans 2 and 3. Specifically, the frame portions are connected to the baking pans 2 and 3 via adjusting screws, allowing the shape or position of the baking pans 2 and 3 to be adjusted relative to the support frame 24. Furthermore, a locking device 26 may be provided to form an overpressure baking mold.

[0137] Sliding contacts 20' and 20" are provided to transmit electrical power to heater 19. Sliding contact 20' supplies electrical power to heater 19 of baking pan 2 downwards. Sliding contact 20" supplies electrical power to heater 19 of baking pan 3 upwards.

[0138] In this embodiment, preferably in all embodiments, the sliding contact 20 extends from the baking tray device 1 in one direction. In this way, the busbar pairs 10 can be arranged parallel to each other.

[0139] To guide power from one side of the baking pan assembly 1 to the other, an electrical conductor 27 is provided, which extends from the sliding contact 20” above the area of ​​the hinge 25 to the heater 19 of the upper baking pan 3. The electrical conductor 27 is designed to be flexible or movable, at least in the area of ​​the hinge 25, so as to enable the baking pan assembly 1 to be opened or closed.

[0140] Preferably, the power supply is disconnected from the heater 19 of the baking pans 2, 3 in the measurement section 16. In this section, it is preferable to perform a measurement of the ohmic resistance of the heating resistor 22, specifically the heating coil, rather than supplying power to the heater 19. Alternatively or additionally, a resistance measurement or insulation measurement relative to ground may be performed. In the ohmic measurement, it is preferable to perform a diagnostic of the condition of the heating resistor 22 for each baking pan 2, 3, and, where applicable, a trend analysis to predict defects. This is specifically achieved through data processing that detects, for example, changes in resistance over time. Possible detectable defects may include:

[0141] -The fuse in the junction box of the baking tray device 1

[0142] - Wear of the current collector or sliding contact 20

[0143] - General contact issues

[0144] - Heating resistor 22 or heating coil is about to short-circuit.

[0145] - Defects in heating resistor 22, such as a burnt-out heating coil.

[0146] In the event of creep defects or impending defects, a warning signal can be output. For example, an error message can be signaled and specifically indicated as baking pans 2, 3, or their numbers. Upon detection of an impending defect, the affected baking pans 2, 3 can be disconnected from the power supply, for example, via an electromagnetic actuator. Thus, for example, the sliding contact 20 of the baking pan assembly 1 can be folded and thereby disconnected from the bus pair 10. In this case, the control unit of the baking equipment can adjust the dough tilting for the baking pans 2, 3.

[0147] The individual resistance of baking pans 2 and 3 can be measured, for example, before baking operations when the oven is cold, continuously during operation (online), or during maintenance operations of individual baking pans 2 and 3.

[0148] Preferably, the measuring section 16 is only long enough such that in each case only the current collector of one baking pan 2, 3 is in electrical contact with it. This allows for measurement of a single baking pan 2, 3. Alternatively, the measuring section 16 is only long enough such that in each case only the current collector of one baking pan device 1 is in electrical contact with it. This allows for measurement of a single baking pan device 1.

[0149] In principle, measuring section 16 can be arranged in any area along the generatrix 10. It is advantageous to place it in the area where it appears at the rear deflection point of the oven, because baking trays 2 and 3 can be specifically positioned during maintenance operations. In addition, accessibility is better in the area at the rear deflection point than in other areas.

Claims

1. A baking device for producing baked goods. - It provides multiple openable and closable baking trays (1). - The baking tray device (1) wherein each has two baking trays (2, 3) and a baking mold for forming a baking mixture between the closed baking trays (2, 3). - A continuous conveyor belt (4) is provided, which continuously conveys the baking trays (1) arranged in a row: - Passing through the baking mixture application area (5) in the open baking pan device (1) for introducing the baking mixture. - Passing through the closed area (6) used to close the baking pan device (1). - Passing through the baking area (7) for baking the baking mixture arranged in the baking pan device (1). - Through the opening area (8) for opening the baking pan device (1). - and through the removal area (9) for removing the baked molded body from the baking mixture. - At least one fixed bus pair (10) is provided to follow the continuous conveyor belt (4), the bus pair comprising two buses (11, 12). - Each baking pan (2, 3) is provided with a commonly moving electric heater (19). - Each baking pan (2, 3) has two sliding contacts (20) for electrically connecting the moving baking pan device (1) to the fixed bus pair (10). - And it provides a three-phase AC power supply (14) with a first phase conductor (U), a second phase conductor (V) and a third phase conductor (W) for supplying power to the electric heater (19), Its features are, - The bus pair (10) has at least three segments (13) in which different phase conductor pairs of the three-phase AC power supply (14) are connected to the two busbars (11, 12).

2. The baking equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electric heater (19) is a resistance heater.

3. The baking equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, - Provides three segments (13', 13'', 13'''). - The first phase conductor (U) and the second phase conductor (V) are connected relative to each other at the busbars (11, 12) of the first segment (13'). - The second phase conductor (V) and the third phase conductor (W) are connected relative to each other at the busbars (11, 12) of the second segment (13''). - And the relative positions of the third phase conductor (W) and the first phase conductor (U) are connected at the busbars (11, 12) of the third segment (13''').

4. The baking equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, - Provide an insulator (21) that electrically insulates the busbars (11, 12) of a segment (13) of the busbar pair (10) from the busbars (11, 12) of the segment (13) adjacent to the busbars (11, 12) of the busbar pair (10) along the orientation of the busbar pair (10). - wherein the insulator (21) is adapted to the shape of the busbars (11, 12) and connects two adjacent busbars (11, 12) flush with each other. - The dimensions of the insulator (21) are set at least along the direction of the bus pair (10) such that short circuits and / or arcs are prevented between two adjacent segments (13) of the respective bus (11, 12) when the sliding contact (20) is removed.

5. The baking equipment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Provide at least two 3-phase AC power supplies (14', 14''), wherein the 3-phase AC power supplies (14', 14'') are the outputs of two different 3-phase inverters (15).

6. The baking apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, - Provide two pairs of busbars (10', 10'') that extend parallel to each other. - The first busbar pair (10') supplies current to all the lower baking pans (2), - And the second bus pair (10'') supplies current to all the upper baking pans (3).

7. The baking equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, - The two bus pairs (10', 10'') are powered by the same 3-phase AC power supply (14). - Alternatively, the bus pairs (10', 10'') are each powered by a separate 3-phase AC power supply (14', 14'').

8. The baking equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, - Each of the bus pairs (10) has at least six segments (13). - The different phase conductor pairs of the first three-phase AC power supply (14') are connected at the busbars (11, 12) of the three segments (13), - And the different phase conductor pairs of the second 3-phase AC power supply (14'') are connected at the busbars (11, 12) of the other three segments (13), - And if an additional segment (13) is provided, then at least one additional three-phase AC power supply (14'') of different phase conductor pairs is connected.

9. The baking equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that, - Provides six segments (13', 13'', 13''', 13'''', 13''''', 13'''''). - The first phase conductor (U') and the second phase conductor (V') of the first 3-phase AC power supply (14') are connected relative to each other at the busbars (11, 12) of the first segment (13'). - The second phase conductor (V') and the third phase conductor (W') of the first three-phase AC power supply (14') are connected relative to each other at the busbars (11, 12) of the second segment (13''). - The relative connection of the third phase conductor (W') and the first phase conductor (U') of the first 3-phase AC power supply (14') is made at the busbars (11, 12) of the third segment (13'''). - The first phase conductor (U'') and the second phase conductor (V'') of the second 3-phase AC power supply (14'') are connected relative to each other at the busbars (11, 12) of the fourth segment (13''''). - The second phase conductor (V'') and the third phase conductor (W'') of the second 3-phase AC power supply (14'') are connected relative to each other at the busbars (11, 12) of the fifth segment (13'''''). - And the relative connection of the third phase conductor (W'') and the first phase conductor (U'') of the second three-phase AC power supply (14'') is at the bus (11, 12) of the sixth segment (13'''''').

10. The baking equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, - The two 3-phase AC power sources (14', 14'') supply different electrical powers to the bus (11, 12). - And characterized in that the baking pan device (1) is heated in the regions of the first section (13'), the second section (13'') and the third section (13''') of the first three-phase AC power supply (14') with a different heating power than in the regions of the fourth section (13''''), the fifth section (13''''') and the sixth section (13'''''') of the second three-phase AC power supply (14'').

11. The baking equipment according to claim 10, characterized in that, The different electrical powers mentioned are selectable electrical powers.

12. The baking equipment according to claim 10, characterized in that, - The first three-phase AC power supply (14') is connected to three adjacent segments (13) along the direction of the bus pair (10). - The second 3-phase AC power supply (14'') is connected to three other segments (13) adjacent to each other along the direction of the bus pair (10). - And form two different heating zones arranged one after another along the direction of the bus pair (10).

13. The baking apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Each baking pan (2, 3) is always supplied with current from only a single segment (13).

14. The baking apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, - All segments (13) of the different phase conductors of the three-phase AC power supply (14) connected at the two busbars (11, 12) have the same length. - and / or all segments (13) of the different phase conductor pairs of the three-phase AC power supply (14) connected at the two busbars (11, 12) supply electrical power to the same number of baking pans (2, 3).

15. The baking apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, - The bus pair (10) has a measuring section (16). - And a measuring device (17) is provided in the measuring section (16) to measure the electrical parameters of the baking pan (2,3).

16. The baking equipment according to claim 15, characterized in that, The electrical parameters are the resistance of the electric heater (19) of the baking pan (2, 3) and / or the resistance or insulation relative to ground.

17. The baking equipment according to claim 15, characterized in that, - The measuring device (17) continuously records the electrical parameters of the baking pans (2, 3) that are transmitted through the measuring section (16). - Wherein, a database (18) is provided in which the electrical parameters recorded by the measuring device (17) are stored and assigned to values ​​that identify the baking pans (2, 3).

18. The baking equipment according to claim 17, characterized in that, The measuring device (17) continuously records the electrical parameters of the baking pan (2, 3) each time it is transmitted through the measuring section (16).

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