Method and apparatus for determining at least one visual parameter

Abstract

The invention relates to a computer implemented method (500) for determining at least one visual parameter of at least one eye (302) of a person (300), wherein at least one first visual stimulus (200) and at least one second visual stimulus (210) are displayed simultaneously on a screen (102) such that a resulting eye movement is achieved depending on the at least one visual parameter; wherein the at least one first visual stimulus or the at least one second visual stimulus (210) is a pursuit stimulus. The invention further relates to a device (100) for determining a visual parameter of at least one eye (302) of a person (300). Due to the simultaneous display of at least one first visual stimulus (200) and at least one second visual stimulus (210) on the screen (102), particularly with at least one different visual stimulus parameter, the method (500) is more robust and more precise in determining the visual parameter compared to known methods which display only one visual stimulus.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to a computer-implemented method, computer program, and device for determining at least one visual parameter of at least one eye of a person. BACKGROUND

[0002] Bonnen, K., Burge, J., Yates, J., Pillow, J., and Cormack, L. K. Continuous psychophysics: Target-tracking to measure visual sensitivity. Journal of Vision (2015), 15(3): 14, 1-16 describes an introduction to a novel framework for estimating visual sensitivity using a dynamic internal model of human visual performance in conjunction with a continuous target-tracking task. As a two-dimensional Gaussian luminance blob moves in a dynamic additive Gaussian luminance noise field with a random walk, observers use a mouse cursor to track the center of the two-dimensional Gaussian luminance blob. To estimate visual sensitivity, they fit a Kalman filter model to human tracking data under the assumption that human performance is that of a Bayesian ideal observer. This observer optimally combines prior information with noisy observations to produce an estimate of the target position at each time step. They find that estimates of human sensory noise obtained from the Kalman filter fit are highly correlated with traditional psychophysical measures of human sensitivity.

[0003] Collewijn, H., and Tamminga, E. P. Human smooth and saccadic eye movements during voluntary pursuit of different target motions on different backgrounds. Journal of Physiology (1984), 351, 217-250 describes horizontal and vertical eye movements of human subjects recorded with scleral search coil technique during voluntary pursuit of sinusoidal, triangular, and pseudorandom target motions of different frequencies, amplitudes, and dimensions on dark diffuse or structured backgrounds. Data processing included separation of the composite eye movements into cumulative smooth and saccadic displacements, calculation of the gain and phase of the composite smooth eye movements relative to the target motion, and analysis of retinal position error.

[0004] Dakin, S. C. and Turnbull, P. R. K. “Similar contrast sensitivity functions measured using psychophysics and optokinetic nystagmus”. Scientific Reports (2016), 6:34514 describes that although the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) is a particularly effective way to characterize functional vision, its measurement relies on observers making reliable perceptual reports. This procedure can be challenging when testing children. In the reference, they further describe a system for measuring the CSF using automated analysis of involuntary oscillatory eye movements in response to drifting stimuli (here spatial frequency (SF) band-pass noise) using optokinetic nystagmus (OKN).

[0005] Doustkouhi, S. M., Turnbull, P. R. K. and Dakin, S. C. “The effect of refractive error on optokinetic nystagmus”. Scientific Reports (2020), 10:20062 describes that subjective refraction is the gold standard for prescribing refractive correction, but its accuracy is limited by patients’ subjective judgement of their visual clarity. They asked whether involuntary eye movements (optokinetic nystagmus (OKN)) could be used as an objective measure of visual clarity, specifically measuring the dependence of OKN evoked by drifting spatial frequency filtered noise on mean spherical equivalent (MSE) refractive error. In a first experiment, they quantified OKN scores (a measure of consistency with the direction of the stimulus) for participants with different MSEs. In a second experiment 2, they quantified the relationship between OKN gain and MSE induced with contact lenses for each participant.

[0006] Harrison, J. J., Freeman, T. C. A., and Sumner, P., Saccade-like behavior in the fast-phases of optokinetic nystagmus: An illustration of the emergence of volitional actions from automatic reflexes, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General (2014), 143(5), 1923-1938, describes potential examples of understanding how volitional actions emerge from reflexes, they investigated the relationship between the ancient reflexive fixation-stabilizing mechanism (optokinetic nystagmus [OKN]) and purposeful eye movements targeting objects (saccades). Traditionally, these are considered to be distinct (beyond their kinematics of execution) and have been studied independently.

[0007] Lindner, A., and Ilg, U. J., Suppression of optokinesis during smooth pursuit eye movements revisited: The role of extra-retinal information, Vision Research (2006), 46(6-7), 761-767, describes that when the eye tracks an object moving in a structured environment, the retinal image of a stationary visual scene inevitably moves on the retina in the direction opposite to the eye movement. This overall retinal slip due to self-motion typically provides the ideal stimulus for the optokinetic reflex. This reflex serves to compensate for the overall image flow. However, during smooth pursuit eye movements, the eye movement has to be turned off so that the reflex does not cancel the voluntary pursuit of a moving target.

[0008] The paper “Cancellation of self-induced retinal image motion during smooth pursuit eye movements” by Lindner, A., Schwarz, U., and Ilg, UJ in *Vision Research* (2001), 41(13), 1685-1694 describes the generation of a global motion of the same velocity in the opposite direction when the eye tracks a target moving in front of a structured background. This effect, termed reafference, surprisingly does not significantly affect the execution of this eye-tracking motion. Using brief and unexpected injections of full-field motion during ongoing smooth pursuit in humans, they demonstrated that the sensitivity of full-field motion is significantly reduced in the direction opposite to the eye movement (i.e., the direction of the reafference background motion). Their experiments further characterize this asymmetry in visual motion processing and provide a preliminary explanation for the accuracy of the tracking system, despite the self-induced motion.

[0009] Masson, G., Proteau, L., and Mestre, DR., “Effects of stationary and moving textured backgrounds on the visuo-oculo-manual tracking in humans,” *Vision Research* (1995), 35(6), 837-852, describes their investigation of the effects of stationary and moving textured backgrounds on eye and manual tracking of a discrete target that suddenly begins to move at a constant speed (slope motion). When a stationary textured background is superimposed on the target displacement, the increase in steady-state eye-tracking velocity is significantly reduced compared to a dark background condition, while the waiting time for tracking to begin does not change significantly. The initial velocity of eye-tracking also decreases. Both initial acceleration and steady-state manual tracking angular velocity decrease slightly, but not significantly, compared to a dark background condition. The detrimental effects of stationary textured backgrounds have considerable amplitude for both eye and manual tracking. In the second condition, when the textured background was fixed or drifting, they compared eye-tracking and manual tracking.

[0010] Schütz, AC, Braun, DI, and Gegenfurtner, KR, in their paper "Improved visual sensitivity during smooth pursuit eye movements: Temporal and spatial characteristics," *Visual Neuroscience* (2009), 26(3), 329-340, describes their investigation of enhancements across a wide range of temporal and spatial frequencies. In the first experiment, they measured the temporal impulse response function (TIRF) of colored stimuli. The TIRF used for pursuit and fixation differed primarily in terms of gain rather than intrinsic temporal frequency. Therefore, the sensitivity enhancement appeared to be fairly independent of the stimulus's temporal frequency. In the second experiment, they measured the spatial contrast sensitivity function of a Gabor spot defined by luminance, ranging from 0.2 to 7 cpd in spatial frequency range.

[0011] Spering, M., Kerzel, D., Braun, DI, Hawken, MJ, and Gegenfurtner, KR, “Effects of contrast on smooth pursuit eyemovements,” *Journal of Vision* (2005), 5(5), 455-465, describes the well-known fact that moving stimuli may appear to move more slowly when contrast is reduced. In this reference, they addressed whether variations in stimulus contrast also affect smooth pursuit eyemovements. Subjects were asked to smoothly track a moving Gabor spot. The target was varied in velocity, spatial frequency, and contrast, ranging from just below each threshold to maximum contrast.

[0012] Schwob, Noémie, and Palmowski-Wolfe, A.'s "Objective measurement of visual acuity by optokinetic nystagmus suppression in children and adult patients," AAPOS Journal (2019), 23(5), 272.e1-272.e6, describes the correlation between subjective and objective visual acuity in investigational studies such as the use of a novel computerized optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) suppression test ("SpeedWheel") in adults and school-aged children. Fifteen children (6–12 years old) with refractive errors, amblyopia, cataracts, macular degeneration, and thyroid-associated orbital disease and 27 adults underwent subjective visual acuity tests using E-symbols and Landolt-C visual acuity chart symbols (Freburg Acuity and Contrast Test [FrACT]) and visual acuity tests estimated on an LCD screen using SpeedWheel.

[0013] Schwob, Noemie, and Palmowski-Wolfe, A., in their paper “Establishing an Objective Measurement of Visual Acuity with a Computerised Optokinetic Nystagmus Suppression Test” (Klinische Monatsblaetter Fuer Augenheilkunde (2020), 237(4), 502-505), describe their investigation of the correlation between subjective and objective visual acuity (VA) through an objective survey of adults using a computerised optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) suppression test (“SpeedWheel”). According to their method, the SpeedWheel presents alternating black / white stripes moving horizontally across an LED screen. A Bangerter filter placed on the eyeglass frame is used to induce seven VA steps. Magnified eye movements are projected from an infrared camera inside the eyeglass frame and displayed on a smartphone. Dots of increasing size in logarithmic steps are superimposed to suppress OKN. The inhibition of OKN produces SpeedWheel acuity, which is then correlated with Snellen acuity, as measured by the Freiburg acuity test.

[0014] US2017 / 0354369 A1 discloses a mobility system for measuring optokinetic nystagmus in a subject, comprising a display screen for providing optokinetic stimuli and an imaging system for recording eye movement data of the subject. The mobility system is configured to compare the stimuli with the recorded eye movement data to provide an objective visual acuity test. The stimuli may include different combinations of movements (e.g., horizontal, vertical, left, right, or other suitable movements), variable movement rates, variable pattern sizes (e.g., large-small), and the ability to change pattern size (e.g., size, speed, orientation) during the test.

[0015] WO 2018 / 006013 A1 discloses a system that can measure eye gaze position and detect smooth eye movements driven by moving stimuli in near real-time. Smooth movements matched to the speed of the moving stimulus provide evidence that the subject can see the moving stimulus. The system can provide real-time feedback to the user, for example, in the form of music, depending on the user's ability to perform smooth speed-matched eye movements. The system can measure visual impairment and train visual abilities for both rehabilitation and developmental purposes.

[0016] WO 2022 / 015227 A1 relates to an apparatus for providing eye measurements, the apparatus including a display unit that generates visual stimuli to the eye. An eye-tracking unit measures eye movement in response to the stimulus, and an analysis unit outputs the measurement results. The display unit generates a moving stimulus having at least one varying stimulus parameter (e.g., sign size), and the eye-tracking unit detects the time when the eye loses visual contact with the stimulus. The analysis unit provides the measurement results based on the values ​​of the stimulus parameters at the time when visual contact loss is detected.

[0017] US2020 / 0214559 A1 discloses a mask configured to measure the response of human eye muscle movements. The mask is configured to protect at least a portion of a human face and has openings for human viewing through the mask. The mask includes an eye sensor, a head orientation sensor, and electronic circuitry. The eye sensor includes a camera and is configured to measure eye movements, pupil size, and / or eyelid movements. The head orientation sensor senses the pitch and / or lateral sway of the human head. The electronic circuitry responds to the eye sensor and the head orientation sensor.

[0018] The problem to be solved

[0019] Therefore, particularly in view of US2020 / 0214559 A1, the object of the present invention is to provide a computer-implemented method, computer program, and apparatus for determining visual parameters of at least one human eye, which at least partially overcomes the aforementioned problems of the prior art.

[0020] The specific objective of this invention is to provide a simple, accurate, fast, yet reliable method for determining at least one visual parameter of at least one human eye. Summary of the Invention

[0021] This problem is solved by a computer-implemented method, computer program, and apparatus according to the invention for determining visual parameters of at least one eye of a person. Preferred embodiments that can be implemented individually or in any combination are set forth throughout the following description.

[0022] In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a computer-implemented method for determining at least one visual parameter of at least one eye of a person, the method comprising the steps of:

[0023] a) Displaying at least one first visual stimulus on a screen to at least one eye of a person, wherein at least a portion of the at least one first visual stimulus has a first spatial position of movement; and

[0024] b) Displaying at least one second visual stimulus on a screen to at least one eye of a person, wherein at least a portion of the at least one second visual stimulus has a second spatial position of movement;

[0025] In this embodiment, at least one first visual stimulus and at least one second visual stimulus are simultaneously displayed on the screen, thereby generating eye movements based on at least one visual parameter;

[0026] c) Generating tracking data on eye movements of at least one eye of a person using at least one eye-tracking device; and

[0027] d) Determine at least one visual parameter of at least one eye of a person by comparing tracking data, a first spatial position, and a second spatial position using at least one processing device;

[0028] Wherein, the at least one first visual stimulus or the at least one second visual stimulus is a follower stimulus.

[0029] As commonly used, the term "computer-implemented method" refers to a method involving a programmable device (particularly a computer), a computer network, or a readable medium carrying a program, wherein at least one step of the method, specifically all steps, is performed by using at least one computer program. Alternatively, the at least one computer program can be accessed by a device suitable for performing the method via a network (e.g., via an intranet or via the Internet). Particularly with respect to the present invention, therefore, the method can be performed on a programmable device configured for this purpose, for example, by providing a computer program configured for this purpose.

[0030] As commonly used, the term "determine" or any grammatical variation thereof refers to the process of generating at least one representative result. Specifically, with respect to the present invention, at least one result includes information about at least one visual parameter of at least one human eye.

[0031] As used herein, the term "visual parameter" refers to the refractive error and / or visual performance of at least one eye of a person. As commonly used, the terms "refraction" or "refractive" refer to the bending of incident light as it enters the eye through the pupil, wherein the term "refractive error" refers to the observation that incident light may (particularly due to the shape of the eye) not be properly focused on the retina, resulting in eye defocus. As used herein, the term "visual performance" refers to a characteristic indirectly and / or directly related to at least one eye of a person, wherein visual performance can be determined by studying at least one eye of a person using appropriate measurement procedures.

[0032] According to step a), at least one first visual stimulus is displayed on a screen to at least one eye of a person, wherein at least a portion of the at least one first visual stimulus has a first spatial position of movement. Thus, at least one first visual stimulus is presented to at least one eye of a person. At least a portion of the display area of ​​the at least one first visual stimulus is movable. This movement can trigger eye movement.

[0033] As commonly used, the term "display" or any grammatical variation thereof means presenting at least one of an image, article, text, or video, particularly at least one first visual stimulus and / or at least one second visual stimulus, on at least one screen. As commonly used, the term "screen" means an electronic visual display device designated for presenting at least one of electronically transmitted images, articles, text, or videos. Particularly with respect to the present invention, the screen can be configured to display at least one first visual stimulus to at least one eye of a person, particularly in a manner perceptible to at least one of the at least one first visual stimulus.

[0034] As used herein, the term "visual stimulus" refers to a graphic representation of an object that is known to or reasonably expected by a person skilled in the art to evoke at least one eye movement in at least one human eye. As used herein, the term "part" refers to a portion of the graphic representation of a visual stimulus. As used herein, the term "spatial location" refers to the specific location of at least one corresponding visual stimulus on a screen. As used herein, the term "movement" or any grammatical variation thereof refers to a change in spatial location. A moving spatial location is a spatial location that changes over time with spatial velocity and spatial direction of motion.

[0035] As used herein, the terms “first,” “second,” or “third” are considered descriptions of elements without specifying order or chronological sequence, and do not preclude the possibility of other identical elements. A “first” element may differ from both a “second” and a “third” element. This applies to any possible permutation.

[0036] According to step b), at least one second visual stimulus is displayed on a screen to at least one eye of a person, wherein at least a portion of the at least one second visual stimulus has a second spatial position of movement. Thus, at least one second visual stimulus is presented to at least one eye of a person. At least a portion of the display area of ​​the at least one second visual stimulus is movable. This movement can induce eye movement. Particularly with respect to the invention, the screen can be configured to display at least one second visual stimulus to at least one eye of a person, in a manner perceptible to at least one eye of a person.

[0037] Further according to the first aspect, the at least one first visual stimulus and the at least one second visual stimulus are simultaneously displayed on the screen, thereby achieving the generated eye movement according to the at least one visual parameter.

[0038] As used herein, the term "simultaneously" means displaying at least one first visual stimulus at a first display time and at least one second visual stimulus at a second display time, wherein the overlap between the first display time and the second display time is at least one of the following: partial; or complete. As used herein, the term "display time" means the period of time during which at least one first visual stimulus and / or at least one second visual stimulus is displayed on the screen.

[0039] As used herein, the term "realization" refers to an eye movement resulting from at least one first visual stimulus and / or at least one second visual stimulus. Therefore, the resulting eye movement can be caused by at least one first visual stimulus, at least one second visual stimulus, or a combination of at least one first visual stimulus and at least one second visual stimulus.

[0040] According to step c), tracking data of the eye movements produced by at least one eye of a person is generated by using at least one eye-tracking device. The eye-tracking device can be configured to record the produced eye movements.

[0041] As commonly used, the term "tracking" or any grammatical variation thereof refers to recording the movement of at least one eye using at least one eye-tracking device. As commonly used, the term "eye-tracking device" refers to a device for recording the movement of at least one human eye, particularly recording changes in the line of sight and / or gaze position of at least one human eye. As a result of the recording, eye-tracking data is generated that includes information about the movement of at least one human eye, wherein the information about the movement of at least one human eye can be given by the temporal changes in the line of sight and / or gaze position of at least one eye. At least one result including the tracking data can be provided. Based on standard ISO 13666:2019, section 3.2.24, the term "line of sight" refers to the path from a point of interest (i.e., fixation point) in object space to the center of the entrance pupil of a human eye, and further includes the continuation in image space from the center of the exit pupil to the fixation point (typically the fovea) of the retina of the human eye. Standard ISO 13666:2019 will also be referred to hereinafter as the "standard".

[0042] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the term "simultaneously" may mean displaying at least one first visual stimulus at a first display time and at least one second visual stimulus at a second display time, wherein the degree of overlap between the first and second display times is at least one of the following: partial; or complete. As used herein, the term "partial" refers to the degree of overlap between the first and second display times, wherein only a portion of the first display time overlaps with the second display time; or vice versa. As used herein, the term "complete" refers to the degree of overlap between the first and second display times, wherein the entire first display time overlaps with the entire second display time.

[0043] In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one first visual stimulus and at least one second visual stimulus can be perceived from at least one eye of a person in such a way that the resulting eye movement is generated by at least one of the following: the at least one first visual stimulus; or the at least one second visual stimulus. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the at least one first visual stimulus and at least one second visual stimulus can induce the resulting eye movement based on at least one visual parameter of at least one eye of a person to be determined.

[0044] In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one first visual stimulus and / or at least one second visual stimulus may be displayed such that at least one first visual stimulus and / or at least one second visual stimulus are simultaneously visible to at least one eye of a person, particularly to at least one of the following: the central visual field of at least one eye of a person; or the peripheral visual field of at least one eye of a person. The term "central visual field" refers to the portion of the visual field that includes the line of sight. The central visual field is surrounded by the peripheral visual field, particularly directly surrounded by it. The term "peripheral visual field" is the portion of the visual field that includes the occurrence of vision outside the gaze position. The line of sight is not included in the peripheral visual field. The peripheral visual field is outside the central visual field.

[0045] In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one first visual stimulus may be visible for at least one of the following: the central visual field of at least one eye of a person; or the peripheral visual field of at least one eye of a person. In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one second visual stimulus may be visible for at least one of the following: the central visual field of at least one eye of a person; or the peripheral visual field of at least one eye of a person. In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one first visual stimulus, or at least one second visual stimulus, may appear, particularly in at least one of the following: the central visual field of at least one eye of a person; or the peripheral visual field of at least one eye of a person unintentionally. Therefore, it can be assumed that the line of sight intersects with at least one first visual stimulus or at least one second visual stimulus, particularly the center of at least one first visual stimulus or the center of at least one second visual stimulus. As used herein, the term "appearance" means, particularly, the beginning of the appearance of at least one first visual stimulus and / or at least one second visual stimulus, respectively, in the central visual field and / or the peripheral visual field. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the central visual field opening angle α may be less than at least one of the following: 2°, 3°; 4°; 5°; 6°; or 8°.

[0046] In a particularly preferred embodiment, step c) may be performed during steps a) and b). In a particularly preferred embodiment, steps a) and b) may be performed simultaneously. In a particularly preferred embodiment, steps a) through c) may define a measurement cycle. The term "measurement cycle" herein refers to a sequence of at least steps a), b), and c), wherein the measurement cycle may further include step d). Furthermore, steps e), f), g), and / or h) may be included in the measurement cycle. In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least 2, at least 5, at least 10, at least 50, or at least 100 measurement cycles may be performed.

[0047] According to step d), at least one visual parameter of at least one eye of a person is determined by comparing tracking data, a first spatial position, and a second spatial position using at least one processing device. The processing device may be configured to determine at least one visual parameter of at least one eye of a person.

[0048] As used herein, the term "comparison" refers to analyzing first information based on second information, and more particularly, analyzing information contained in tracking data based on a first mobile spatial position and a second mobile spatial position. As commonly used, the term "processing device" refers to at least one component configured to process information. The at least one component may be selected from at least one of the following: CPU, memory, and motherboard.

[0049] In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one visual parameter of at least one eye of a person may be selected from at least one of refractive error or visual performance of at least one eye of a person. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the refractive error of at least one eye of a person may be at least one of the following related values:

[0050] - Spherical power;

[0051] -Cylinder power;

[0052] -Cylinder axis; or

[0053] - Add light below.

[0054] The determination of refractive errors may be of particular interest to this invention. As defined in Section 3.12.2 of the standard, the term "spherical power" (usually abbreviated as "spherical" or "sph") refers to the value of the posterior vertex power of a spherical power lens, or the posterior vertex power of one of the two principal meridians of an astigmatic power lens, depending on the principal meridian chosen for reference. The spherical power of at least one human eye can be a value associated with "equivalent spherical power." As defined in Section 3.13.7 of the standard, the term "cylindrical power" (usually abbreviated as "cylindrical" or "cyl") refers to the algebraic difference between the apical powers of the principal meridians, where the power of the other principal meridian chosen as the reference is subtracted from the apical power of one principal meridian. As defined in Section 3.13.8 of the standard, the term "cylindrical axis" (usually abbreviated as "cyl axis" or "axis") refers to the direction of the principal meridian of the lens for which the vertex power is chosen as the reference. As defined in Section 3.16.3 of the standard, the term “add” (also abbreviated as “add”) refers to the difference between the vertex power of the near portion and the vertex power of the far portion in a multifocal or power-variable lens.

[0055] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the visual representation may be selected from at least one of the following:

[0056] - Visual acuity, particularly selected from at least one of the following:

[0057] ○ Near-field visual acuity; or

[0058] ○ Far-field visual acuity;

[0059] -Contrast sensitivity;

[0060] - Color vision; or

[0061] - Field of vision.

[0062] As commonly used, the term "visual acuity" refers to the spatial resolution ability of at least one human eye with respect to structures within at least one visual target. As commonly used, "near field" refers to a distance of up to 40 cm, preferably at least 25 cm. As commonly used, "far field" refers to a distance of at least 5 meters. As further commonly used, the term "contrast sensitivity" refers to the property of at least one human eye to distinguish between different brightness levels of at least one visual target. As further commonly used, the term "color vision" refers to the property of at least one human eye to distinguish between different colors included in at least one visual target. As commonly used, the term "visual field" refers to the spatial area perceptible to at least one human eye. The visual field includes the central visual field and the peripheral visual field.

[0063] Further according to the first aspect, at least one of the at least first visual stimulus or at least one of the at least second visual stimuli is a following stimulus. As used herein, the term "following stimulus" refers to a visual stimulus designated to elicit eye following movements. The display of a following stimulus can be identified by a person as a task, particularly following the following stimulus and thereby eliciting eye movements. In the case of displaying multiple following stimuli, a person can identify the task as following one of the following stimuli. However, optokinetic nystagmus stimuli may generally not be identified by a person to provide such a task. Each visual stimulus can elicit eye movements, particularly at least one first visual stimulus can elicit a first eye movement, and at least one second visual stimulus can elicit a second eye movement. According to the invention, at least one of these eye movements, particularly the first eye movement and / or the second eye movement, is an eye following movement, particularly a conscious eye movement, while at least one other eye movement can preferably be optokinetic nystagmus, particularly a reflexive eye movement in at least one eye of a person. As commonly used, the term "optical nystagmus" refers to eye movements that include slow-motion and fast-motion phases, wherein the slow-motion phase includes eye-tracking movements and the fast-motion phase includes eye saccadic movements. As commonly used, the term "eye-tracking movement" refers to eye movements in which at least one eye maintains fixation on at least a portion of a visual stimulus having a moving spatial location, particularly a center of motion of the visual stimulus. As commonly used, the term "eye saccadic movement" refers to eye movements involving rapid movement of at least one eye between at least two fixation phases. As used herein, the term "reflex" refers to an involuntary eye movement. As used herein, the term "conscious" refers to an intentional eye movement.

[0064] The tracking stimulus is specified to elicit eye-tracking movements. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the tracking stimulus may be selected from at least one of the following:

[0065] -Gabor spot;

[0066] - Noise spot, which specifically has a predetermined spatial frequency;

[0067] -round;

[0068] - Ring structures, especially ring structures with multiple rings having defined radial spatial frequencies;

[0069] - Mesh, particularly meshes that include Gabor spots with different tilts and / or spatial frequencies;

[0070] - Star-shaped; or

[0071] - Letters, in particular selected from at least one of the following:

[0072] ○ Roll the E-chart for visual acuity; or

[0073] ○Landolt C visual acuity chart.

[0074] As used in this article, the term "different" means that two items are not similar. As commonly used, the terms "Rolling E chart" and "Landolt C chart" refer to standardized symbols used to test visual acuity.

[0075] As further used herein, the term "opticokinetic nystagmus stimulus" refers to a visual stimulus designated to elicit optokinetic nystagmus. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the optokinetic nystagmus stimulus may be designated to elicit optokinetic nystagmus. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the optokinetic nystagmus stimulus may have a structured appearance. As used herein, the term "appearance" refers to the appearance of a corresponding object, particularly at least one first visual stimulus or at least one second visual stimulus. As used herein, the term "structure" or any grammatical variation thereof refers to the appearance and / or appearance of at least one visible first portion of a visual stimulus differing from at least one second portion of the same visual stimulus. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the structured appearance may be displaced in at least one direction, particularly a translational displacement. As used herein, the term "displacement" refers to the movement of a portion of a visual stimulus, particularly the first and / or second portion. As used herein, the term "translation" refers to the movement of every point of a moved object undergoing the same motion, particularly where the object is part of the visual stimulus, and more particularly where the object is the first and / or second portion. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the structured appearance may be described by at least one spatial frequency. As is further commonly used, the term "spatial frequency" refers to the inverse of the spatial distance that reflects the spatial repetition period of at least one visual stimulus.

[0076] In a particularly preferred embodiment, optokinetic nystagmus may include a slow-motion phase and a fast-motion phase, wherein in the slow-motion phase, eye-tracking movements are induced by at least one spatial frequency, and wherein in the fast-motion phase, eye saccadic movements are reset movements of at least one eye.

[0077] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the optokinetic nystagmus stimulation may be selected from at least one of the following:

[0078] -Gabor spot; or

[0079] - Noise spot;

[0080] Specifically, it has

[0081] - Sine wave pattern; or

[0082] - Striped pattern.

[0083] The term "Gabor spot" refers to a grating, typically with a Gaussian envelope, which is known to be particularly useful as a visual stimulus for the human eye. As commonly used, the term "noise" refers to a quantity of interference with a broad, nonspecific spectrum. A noisy spot is the visual representation of this noise. Noisy spots, especially when used as a stimulus for optokinetic nystagmus, can further exhibit at least one defined spatial frequency. As used herein, the term "pattern" refers to a structure having portions that repeat in a particularly constant manner. As used herein, the term "sine" refers to the repetition of portions in a sinusoidal manner. As used herein, the term "stripes" refers to the repetition of portions in a striped manner.

[0084] In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one visual stimulation parameter of the optokinetic nystagmus stimulation may be selected from at least one of the following:

[0085] - The first spatial frequency that triggers optokinetic nystagmus in the first direction; or

[0086] - The second spatial frequency that induces optokinetic nystagmus in the second direction.

[0087] In a particularly preferred embodiment, optokinetic nystagmus in a first direction induced by a first spatial frequency and optokinetic nystagmus in a second direction induced by a second spatial frequency may be different from each other. In a particularly preferred embodiment, optokinetic nystagmus in the first direction may be induced, while optokinetic nystagmus in the second direction may be induced sequentially. As used herein, the term "sequentially" means induced in the first direction and then inducing the second direction, particularly induced after the induction of the first direction has ceased.

[0088] In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one visual stimulation parameter of the optokinetic nystagmus stimulation may alternatively or additionally be:

[0089] - The third spatial frequency that induces optokinetic nystagmus in the third direction.

[0090] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the third-direction optokinetic nystagmus induced by the third spatial frequency may be different from the first-direction optokinetic nystagmus induced by the first spatial frequency and the second-direction optokinetic nystagmus induced by the second spatial frequency.

[0091] In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one of the following may be blurred: at least one first visual stimulus; at least one second visual stimulus, particularly a following stimulus. As commonly used, the term "blurred" or any grammatical variation thereof refers to the process of smoothing the graphic representation of an image, particularly a visual stimulus.

[0092] In particularly preferred embodiments, especially when the spatial velocity is not zero, the spatial position of the following stimulus, particularly the central spatial position, can change over time. As used herein, the term "change over time" means that the spatial position changes over time. This means that the spatial position of the following stimulus at a first time point is different from the spatial position of the following stimulus at a second time point. In particularly preferred embodiments, the appearance of the following stimulus can be maintained, particularly where the appearance does not shift. As used herein, the term "maintain" or any grammatical variation thereof means that the appearance does not change over time but remains constant. This means that the appearance of the following stimulus at a first time point is the same as the appearance of the stimulus at a second time point.

[0093] In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one first visual stimulus may be designated to elicit at least one of the following:

[0094] - Eyes follow movement; or

[0095] - Optokinetic nystagmus;

[0096] And at least one second visual stimulus can be specified to elicit at least one of the following:

[0097] - Eyes follow movement; or

[0098] - Optokinetic nystagmus;

[0099] Wherein, at least one of the at least first visual stimulus and / or at least one of the at least second visual stimulus may be designated to trigger the eye-tracking movement.

[0100] In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one first visual stimulus can be defined using at least one first visual stimulus parameter, and at least one second visual stimulus can be defined using at least one second visual stimulus parameter. Specifically, the first visual stimulus parameter and the second visual stimulus parameter are further compared to determine at least one visual parameter. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the at least one first visual stimulus parameter and the at least one second visual stimulus parameter can be different from each other, particularly because they are different parameters or the same parameter has different values.

[0101] In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one of the following:

[0102] - at least one first visual stimulus parameter; or

[0103] - at least one second visual stimulus parameter;

[0104] It can be selected from at least one of the following:

[0105] - The ambiguity of the at least one first visual stimulus or the at least one second visual stimulus;

[0106] - Display area;

[0107] - Display time;

[0108] -Spatial motion speed;

[0109] - Direction of spatial movement;

[0110] - Spatial frequency;

[0111] - Spatial frequency range; or

[0112] - Contrast level.

[0113] As used herein, the term "display area" refers to the domain on a screen where an object is displayed, and in particular, the corresponding visual stimulus is displayed. As used herein, the term "display time" refers to the period of time during which an object is displayed, and in particular, the corresponding visual stimulus. As used herein, the term "spatial motion velocity" refers to the velocity of the corresponding visual stimulus, and in particular, the velocity of the center of the corresponding visual stimulus. As used herein, the term "spatial motion direction" refers to the direction of movement of the corresponding visual stimulus, and in particular, the direction of movement of the center of the corresponding visual stimulus. As further commonly used, the term "spatial frequency range" refers to a range of several inverse values ​​of the spatial distance reflecting the spatial repetition period in at least one visual stimulus. As commonly used, the term "contrast ratio" refers to the brightness level of at least one visual stimulus.

[0114] In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one of the following:

[0115] - at least one first visual stimulus parameter; or

[0116] - at least one second visual stimulus parameter;

[0117] It can change over time, specifically

[0118] - To change in a continuous manner, especially in a monotonous manner; or

[0119] -Change in a gradual manner.

[0120] As used herein, the term "continuous" means that the visual stimulus parameters attributable to appearance are permanently and / or continuously changing. The term "monotonic" means that the visual stimulus parameters attributable to appearance are uniformly and / or change in a stable manner. In other words, the changes in visual stimulus parameters may not change over time, but rather be maintained.

[0121] In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one first visual stimulus parameter and at least one second visual stimulus parameter may be changed sequentially, specifically wherein at least one first visual stimulus parameter is changed while at least one second visual stimulus parameter remains constant, or vice versa. As used herein, the term "sequentially" means changing at least one first visual stimulus parameter followed by changing at least one second visual stimulus parameter.

[0122] In a particularly preferred embodiment, multiple of at least one first visual stimuli may be displayed during step a). In a particularly preferred embodiment, multiple of at least one second visual stimuli may be displayed during step b). As used herein, the term "multiple" means at least two units, preferably more than two units, particularly at least two items, preferably more than two items. In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least two and / or all of the multiple first visual stimuli displayed during step a) may be the same visual stimulus; and / or at least two and / or all of the multiple second visual stimuli displayed during step b) may be the same visual stimulus.

[0123] In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one first visual stimulus or at least one second visual stimulus may be transitioned from a visual stimulus designated to elicit a given eye movement to a visual stimulus designated to elicit a different eye movement. As used herein, the term "transition" means that the corresponding stimulus designated to elicit a first eye movement is changed to a visual stimulus designated to elicit a second eye movement. In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one of the at least one first visual stimulus or at least one second visual stimulus may be transitioned from a tracking stimulus to an optokinetic nystagmus stimulus; or vice versa, wherein at least one of the following remains the tracking stimulus: at least one first visual stimulus; or at least one second visual stimulus.

[0124] In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one third visual stimulus may be displayed on a screen to at least one of a person's eyes, particularly in at least one of the following processes:

[0125] -Step a); or

[0126] -Step b).

[0127] In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one third visual stimulus may be a noisy light spot. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the noise of the noisy light spot may be selected from at least one of the following:

[0128] -Static noise;

[0129] - Noise after spatial frequency filtering;

[0130] -Dynamic noise; or

[0131] - Noise after dynamic spatial frequency filtering.

[0132] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the noise spot can be translated. As used herein, the term "static noise" refers to noise that has an appearance that does not change over time. As used herein, the term "dynamic noise" refers to noise that has an appearance that changes over time. At least one third visual stimulus can completely cover the screen.

[0133] In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one first visual stimulus may be an optokinetic nystagmus stimulus; and at least one second visual stimulus is a tracking stimulus. In a particularly preferred embodiment, particularly throughout the entire measurement cycle, the display area of ​​at least one first visual stimulus may be larger than the display area of ​​at least one second visual stimulus. In a particularly preferred embodiment, particularly throughout the entire measurement cycle, the display area of ​​at least one first visual stimulus may at least partially, and preferably completely, include the display area of ​​at least one second visual stimulus.

[0134] In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one first visual stimulus may be a following stimulus; and at least one second visual stimulus may be a following stimulus. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the spatial location of at least one first visual stimulus, particularly its central spatial location, and the spatial location of at least one second visual stimulus, particularly its central spatial location, may coincide at a matching spatial location. As used herein, the term "central" refers to the midpoint of the display area of ​​the corresponding stimulus. As used herein, the term "coincident" refers to a matching spatial location. At this matching spatial location, at least a portion of at least one first visual stimulus may cover at least a portion of at least one second visual stimulus in such a way that the covered portion of the at least one second visual stimulus cannot be perceived by at least one eye, or vice versa. At least a portion of at least one first visual stimulus may be transparent in such a way that at least a portion of the at least one second visual stimulus can still be perceived by at least one eye, or vice versa. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the matching spatial location may be movable.

[0135] In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one first visual stimulus and at least one second visual stimulus may be moved from overlapping spatial locations in such a way that the spatial locations of at least one first visual stimulus, particularly the central spatial location, and the spatial locations of at least one second visual stimulus, particularly the central spatial location, no longer overlap. As used herein, the term "no longer" means a change of state given in the time-related past that no longer exists in the time-related present. Specifically, when the spatial locations no longer overlap, at least one first visual stimulus may change its state in the time-related past by covering at least a portion of at least one second visual stimulus such that the covered portion of the at least one second visual stimulus cannot be perceived by at least one eye, or vice versa. Thus, in the time-related present, the covered portion can be perceived by at least one eye. The no longer overlapping spatial locations may be separate.

[0136] In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one first visual stimulus and at least one second visual stimulus may move differently from each other, starting from an overlapping spatial location:

[0137] - Direction of spatial movement; or

[0138] -Spatial motion speed.

[0139] Thus, at least one first visual stimulus and at least one second visual stimulus can move away from their overlapping positions and / or away from each other. In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one first visual stimulus and at least one second visual stimulus can differ in at least one additional visual stimulus parameter, specifically at least one selected from at least one of the following:

[0140] - Spatial frequency;

[0141] - Spatial frequency range; or

[0142] - Contrast level.

[0143] In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one first visual stimulus and at least one second visual stimulus may be the same stimulus. In a particularly preferred embodiment, generating tracking data may further include recording a timestamp at which at least one generated eye movement occurred for at least one of the following: first time; or last time. As used herein, the term "timestamp" refers to a defined point in time. As used herein, the term "first time" means that a specific event has not previously occurred. As used herein, the term "last time" means that a specific event no longer occurs, wherein the specific event has previously occurred.

[0144] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the method may further include the following steps:

[0145] e) Record at least one distance between at least one of a person’s eyes and a screen displaying at least one of at least one first visual stimulus or at least one second visual stimulus.

[0146] As used in this paper, the term "distance" refers to the length of the line connecting two points, where the line represents the shortest connection between the two points. The first point can be at least one eye, and the second point can be at least one first visual stimulus or at least one second visual stimulus.

[0147] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the method may further include the following steps:

[0148] f) Record at least one gaze of at least one eye of a person.

[0149] For the term "line of sight," refer to section 3.2.24 of the standard as described above.

[0150] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the method may further include the following steps:

[0151] g) Record at least one gaze position of at least one eye of a person.

[0152] As used herein, the term “gaze position” refers to the point where at least one object intersects with at least one line of sight of at least one of a person’s eyes.

[0153] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the method may further include the following steps:

[0154] h) Record head movements of a person, including at least one eye.

[0155] As commonly used, the term "head movement" refers to the movement of a person's head, which may depend on or be independent of at least one resulting eye movement that depends on at least one visual parameter. Both head movements and the resulting eye movements can affect the line of sight and / or gaze position of at least one eye.

[0156] In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one of the following instructions may be requested by the person:

[0157] - At least one visual stimulus parameter of the at least one first visual stimulus; or

[0158] - At least one visual stimulus parameter of the at least one second visual stimulus. As used herein, the term "instruction" refers to details or information about at least one item or object, specifically at least one first visual stimulus and / or at least one second visual stimulus. As used herein, the term "request" refers to an inquiry to a person.

[0159] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the request can be at least one of the following:

[0160] -Visual cues;

[0161] - Auditory cues; or

[0162] - Tactile cues.

[0163] As used herein, the term "visual cue" refers to a request that is visually perceptible to a person. This request could be a question about which letter is being displayed on a screen. As used herein, the term "auditory cue" refers to a request that is auditory perceptible to a person. This request could be a question played through a speaker. As used herein, the term "tactile cue" refers to a request that is tactilely perceptible to a person. This request could be a vibration initiated by a vibration generator, particularly a smartphone.

[0164] In a particularly preferred embodiment, determining at least one visual parameter of at least one eye of a person may include analyzing at least one outcome. As commonly used, the term "analysis" refers to a systematic survey study in which at least one outcome of the survey study is broken down into its components. Therefore, these components are recorded based on criteria, and subsequently sorted, examined, and evaluated. In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one outcome may include:

[0165] - Tracking data on at least one generated eye movement, specifically selected from at least one of the following:

[0166] ○ At least one gaze position of at least one eye of the person; or

[0167] ○ At least one gaze of at least one of the person's eyes; and

[0168] -The first mobile space location and the second mobile space location are specifically selected from at least one of the following:

[0169] ○ At least one primary visual stimulus;

[0170] ○ At least one second visual stimulus; and

[0171] At least one result further includes at least one of the following:

[0172] - At least one visual stimulus parameter of at least one first visual stimulus; or

[0173] - At least one visual stimulus parameter of at least one second visual stimulus.

[0174] In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one result may further include at least one of the following:

[0175] - Tracking data of at least one head movement of a person; or

[0176] - At least one distance between a person's at least one eye and a screen displaying at least one of at least one first visual stimulus or at least one of at least one second visual stimulus.

[0177] In a particularly preferred embodiment, determining the visual parameters by analyzing the results can be performed using at least one of the following:

[0178] -Analytical methods;

[0179] -Regression methods;

[0180] - Statistical analysis, especially multivariate statistical analysis, and even more so principal component analysis; or

[0181] - Machine learning algorithms.

[0182] As commonly used, the term "analysis" refers to a method based on at least one mathematical function. As commonly used, the term "regression" refers to a statistical analysis tool whose purpose is to determine the relationship between input data and a statistical model to determine output parameters. In this process, a statistical model can be fitted to the input data. As commonly used, the term "statistical analysis" refers to the interpretation of results in order to discover patterns and trends. As commonly used, the term "multivariate statistical analysis" refers to the simultaneous analysis of more than one outcome variable. As commonly used, the term "principal component analysis" refers to an orthogonal linear transformation that transforms the results to a new coordinate system such that the maximum variation of a scalar projection of the results lies on a first coordinate, the second maximum variation on a second coordinate, and so on. As commonly used, the term "machine learning algorithm" refers to the process of applying artificial intelligence to automatically generate statistical models. Preferably, a machine learning algorithm configured to generate a desired model based on a large training dataset can be used.

[0183] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the method may further include the step of training a machine learning algorithm to determine visual parameters, wherein the determination method is as follows:

[0184] - Provide training data, which includes:

[0185] ○ Track data on at least one of the generated eye movements;

[0186] ○ Stimulus data regarding the at least one first visual stimulus and the at least one second visual stimulus, particularly the spatial location of the at least one first visual stimulus and the spatial location of the at least one second visual stimulus;

[0187] ○ Known data regarding this visual parameter;

[0188] - Based on the tracking data and the stimulus data, preliminary data on the visual parameter are determined;

[0189] - Determine the discrepancy between preliminary data and known data regarding the visual parameter; and

[0190] - Adjust the machine learning algorithm to minimize this bias;

[0191] This training step is repeated until the deviation is below the threshold.

[0192] As commonly used, the term "training" or its grammatical variations refers to the process of building a trained model, particularly determining the model's parameters, especially the weights. Training may include at least one optimization or tuning process, in which the optimal combination of parameters is determined. The term "training data" refers to the dataset on which machines and deep learning models are trained. The term "threshold" refers to the maximum deviation.

[0193] In a particularly preferred embodiment, analyzing the tracking data may include analyzing at least one eye movement generated during a slow-motion phase. In a particularly preferred embodiment, analyzing at least one eye movement generated during a slow-motion phase may include determining the velocity of the eye movement. In a particularly preferred embodiment, analyzing the tracking data may include analyzing at least one of the following:

[0194] -Waiting time;

[0195] -Acceleration; or

[0196] -speed.

[0197] As commonly used, the term "waiting time" refers to the time difference between a visual stimulus intended to elicit eye movement and the anticipated eye movement of at least one human eye. As commonly used, the term "acceleration" refers to the acceleration of eye movement, particularly the anticipated eye movement. As commonly used, the term "velocity" refers to the speed of eye movement of at least one human eye, particularly the anticipated eye movement.

[0198] According to another aspect, the present invention relates to a computer program comprising instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method according to any of the first aspect or the foregoing preferred embodiments. For this purpose, the computer program may include instructions provided by computer program code that are capable of performing any or all of the steps of the method according to the invention when implemented on a computer, data processing apparatus, or device for determining visual parameters of at least one eye of a person. The computer program code may be provided on a data storage medium or a separate device such as an optical storage medium, for example, provided on an optical disc, directly provided on a computer or data processing apparatus, or provided via a network, such as via an intranet or via the Internet. Further details regarding the computer program may be found in the method according to the invention disclosed elsewhere herein.

[0199] According to another aspect, the present invention relates to a device for determining at least one visual parameter of at least one eye of a person, the device comprising:

[0200] - At least one screen, wherein the at least one screen is configured to display to at least one eye of a person.

[0201] ○ At least one first visual stimulus, wherein at least a portion of the at least one first visual stimulus has a first spatial position of movement; and

[0202] ○ At least one second visual stimulus, wherein at least a portion of the at least one second visual stimulus has a second spatial position of movement;

[0203] ○ Wherein, the at least one first visual stimulus and the at least one second visual stimulus are simultaneously displayed on the screen, thereby generating eye movements based on the at least one visual parameter;

[0204] - At least one eye-tracking device, wherein the at least one eye-tracking device is configured to generate tracking data regarding eye movements produced by at least one eye of a person; and

[0205] - At least one processing device, wherein the at least one processing device is configured to determine at least one visual parameter of at least one eye of a person by comparing the tracking data, a first movement spatial position, and a second movement spatial position.

[0206] Wherein, the at least one first visual stimulus or the at least one second visual stimulus is a follower stimulus.

[0207] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the screen and eye-tracking device may include at least one of the following:

[0208] - Virtual reality headsets;

[0209] - Augmented reality system;

[0210] - Desktop computer;

[0211] -TV set;

[0212] - Smart glasses; or

[0213] -Mobile communication devices,

[0214] And wherein the processing device comprises at least one of the following:

[0215] - Virtual reality headsets;

[0216] - Augmented reality system;

[0217] - Desktop computer;

[0218] -TV set;

[0219] - Smart glasses; or

[0220] - Mobile communication devices.

[0221] As commonly used, the term "virtual reality headset" refers to a head-mounted device that provides virtual reality to a wearer. As commonly used, the term "augmented reality overlay device" refers to hardware used for an interactive experience between a real-world environment and computer-generated perceptual information. As commonly used, the term "desktop computer" refers to a computer with a casing shape suitable for use as a workstation computer on a table. As commonly used, the term "television set" refers to a device having a tuner, a display, and at least one speaker for watching and listening to television broadcasts via at least one of satellite or cable television, wherein the television set can also be used as a monitor. As commonly used, the term "smart glasses" refers to wearable glasses with computer functionality and connectivity. They can add information perceptible to at least one eye. As commonly used, the term "mobile communication device" refers to a portable wireless communication device capable of transmitting and / or receiving voice, video, or computer data.

[0222] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the mobile communication device may be selected from at least one of the following:

[0223] - Smartphones;

[0224] - Tablet PC; or

[0225] - Laptop computer.

[0226] As commonly used, the term "smartphone" refers to a mobile phone with extensive computing capabilities and connectivity. As commonly used, the term "tablet computer" refers to a portable flat-screen computer. As commonly used, the term "laptop computer" refers to a special type of computer with a screen that is detachably attached to a housing, where the screen can be folded into the housing.

[0227] In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one eye-tracking device may be selected from at least one of the following:

[0228] - A camera, particularly at least one of the front-facing and / or rear-facing cameras of a smartphone;

[0229] - Webcam;

[0230] - Eye-tracking glasses; or

[0231] - Visual evoked potential device.

[0232] As commonly used, the term "camera" refers to an optical device that captures visual images. As commonly used, the term "webcam" refers to a small camera that can be placed on a monitor or built into a computer. As commonly used, the term "eye-tracking glasses" refers to glasses with accompanying sensors for tracking the eyes. As commonly used, the term "visual evoked potential device" refers to a device configured to record specific parts of the nervous system.

[0233] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the device may further include

[0234] - At least one head tracking device;

[0235] The processing device is further specified for determining visual parameters of at least one eye of the person using measurements of the head movement. The head tracking device may be a camera, particularly at least one of a front-facing camera and / or a rear-facing camera of a smartphone.

[0236] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the device may further include

[0237] - At least one distance measuring unit, configured to measure the distance between the screen and at least one of the person's eyes.

[0238] The processing device is further specified for determining visual parameters of at least one eye of the person by using measurements of the distance between the screen and at least one of the person's eyes. The distance measuring unit may be a camera, particularly at least one of a smartphone's front-facing camera and / or rear-facing camera.

[0239] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the device may further include

[0240] - At least one communication unit, wherein the at least one communication unit may preferably be configured for at least one of the following:

[0241] ○ The tracking data is forwarded to at least one external storage unit, and the tracking data is received from the at least one external storage unit for further processing by the processing device;

[0242] ○ The tracking data and additional data related to the at least one first visual stimulus and / or the at least one second visual stimulus are forwarded to the at least one external processing device, and additional data related to at least one visual parameter of at least one eye of the person are received from the at least one external processing device.

[0243] As used herein, the term "external" means a unit that communicates between the device and the unit via a network, particularly via a network system comprising multiple computers and / or computer networks, and more particularly via the Internet. As commonly used, the term "storage unit" means at least one component and / or at least one recording medium capable of retaining digital data.

[0244] In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one external storage unit may include at least one of a local server, a remote server, or a cloud server. As used herein, the term "local" refers to a server located at the device's location. As used herein, the term "remote" refers to a server located at a different location than the device. As commonly used, the term "cloud" refers to a server located at a different location, wherein communication between the device and the server is possible via the Internet. In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one external processing device may include at least one of a local server, a remote server, or a cloud server. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the device may be further configured to perform the method described according to any of the foregoing method embodiments.

[0245] Regarding the prior art, the method and apparatus according to the present invention exhibit the following advantages.

[0246] Visual parameter tests used to determine visual parameters according to existing techniques primarily require ophthalmologists or optometrists. Therefore, such tests result in reduced portability and cannot be performed by a human. On the other hand, the automated tests of this invention can be performed by a human, particularly through the use of mobile devices.

[0247] Because eye movements are measured directly using an eye-tracking device, the advantage of this test is that it does not require any further response from the patient. This makes testing easier for children with disabilities or patients.

[0248] The test is time-efficient because it can be performed as a single trial, especially when combined with a steady increase in visual stimulation, and particularly by taking into account the first and second thresholds as well as psychometric procedures.

[0249] Because this method displays at least one first visual stimulus and at least one second visual stimulus with at least one different visual stimulus parameter simultaneously on the screen, it is more robust and accurate in determining the visual parameters compared to known methods that display only one visual stimulus.

[0250] By using at least two dynamic visual stimuli, each having at least a portion of the moving space, the amount of information about at least one visual parameter included in the resulting eye movements can be increased, particularly when the visual stimuli designated to induce optokinetic nystagmus are combined with those designated to induce fixational eye movements. Therefore, the measurements are more reliable and may require less time without sacrificing accuracy.

[0251] By using at least one follower stimulus, the determination of at least one visual parameter can be more easily implemented using game design principles, game design thinking, and / or game mechanics. This makes the measurement procedure more enjoyable for humans.

[0252] Furthermore, determining at least one visual parameter is often more independent of external factors or influences on eye movements, such as a person's motivation and attention.

[0253] In particular, for the same two visual stimuli, a relative measurement method can be used, which can advantageously make the method have little or no requirements regarding screen calibration, the distance between at least one of the person's eyes and the screen, or the ambient light level.

[0254] As used herein, the terms “have,” “include,” or “contain,” or any grammatical variations thereof, are used in a non-exclusive manner. Thus, these terms can refer either to a situation where no other features exist in the entity described in this context besides those introduced by these terms, or to a situation where one or more other features exist. For example, the statements “A has B,” “A includes B,” and “A contains B” can all refer to a situation where no other elements exist in A besides B (i.e., A consists only of B), or they can refer to a situation where entity A contains one or more other elements besides B, such as element C, element C and element D, or even other elements.

[0255] As further used herein, the terms “preferredly,” “more preferably,” “particularly,” “even more particularly,” or similar terms are used in combination with optional features without limiting the possibility of substitution. Therefore, features described by these terms are optional features and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the invention can be practiced using alternative features. Similarly, features described by “in embodiments of the invention” or similar expressions are intended to be optional features and are not subject to any limitation regarding alternative embodiments of the invention, any limitation on the scope of the invention, or any limitation on the possibility of combining features described in this way with other features of the invention.

[0256] In summary, the following embodiments are particularly preferred within the scope of the present invention:

[0257] Example 1. A computer-implemented method for determining at least one visual parameter of at least one eye of a person, wherein the method includes the following steps:

[0258] a) Displaying at least one first visual stimulus on a screen to at least one eye of a person, wherein at least a portion of the at least one first visual stimulus has a first spatial position of movement; and

[0259] b) Display at least one second visual stimulus to at least one eye of the person on the screen, wherein at least a portion of the at least one second visual stimulus has a second spatial position of movement;

[0260] In this embodiment, at least one first visual stimulus and at least one second visual stimulus are simultaneously displayed on the screen, thereby generating eye movements based on at least one visual parameter;

[0261] c) Generating tracking data on eye movements of at least one eye of the person using at least one eye-tracking device; and

[0262] d) Determine at least one visual parameter of at least one eye of the person by comparing the tracking data, the first spatial position, and the second spatial position using at least one processing device;

[0263] Wherein, the at least one first visual stimulus or the at least one second visual stimulus is a follower stimulus.

[0264] Example 2. The method according to the previous embodiment, wherein "simultaneously" means displaying the at least one first visual stimulus at a first display time and displaying the at least one second visual stimulus at a second display time, wherein the degree of overlap between the first display time and the second display time is at least one of the following: partial; or complete.

[0265] Example 3. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the at least one first visual stimulus and the at least one second visual stimulus can be perceived from at least one eye of the person, such that the resulting eye movement is generated by at least one of the following: the at least one first visual stimulus; or the at least one second visual stimulus.

[0266] Example 4. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the at least one first visual stimulus and the at least one second visual stimulus cause the resulting eye movements based on at least one visual parameter of at least one eye of the person to be determined.

[0267] Example 5. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the at least one first visual stimulus and / or the at least one second visual stimulus is displayed in such a way that the at least one first visual stimulus and / or the at least one second visual stimulus are simultaneously visible to at least one eye of the person, particularly to at least one of the following: the central visual field of the at least one eye of the person; or the peripheral visual field of the at least one eye of the person.

[0268] Example 6. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the at least one first visual stimulus is visible to at least one of the following: the central visual field of at least one eye of the person; or the peripheral visual field of at least one eye of the person.

[0269] Example 7. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the at least one second visual stimulus is visible to at least one of the following: the central visual field of at least one eye of the person; or the peripheral visual field of at least one eye of the person.

[0270] Example 8. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein at least one of the at least one first visual stimulus or at least one of the at least one second visual stimulus appears in at least one of the central visual field of at least one eye of the person or in the peripheral visual field of at least one eye of a person who is not expecting it.

[0271] Example 9. The method according to any of the foregoing examples, wherein the central field of view opening angle α is less than at least one of the following: 2°; 3°; 4°; 5°; 6°; or 8°.

[0272] Example 10. The method according to any of the foregoing examples, wherein step c) is performed during steps a) and b).

[0273] Example 11. The method according to any of the foregoing examples, wherein steps a) and b) are performed simultaneously.

[0274] Example 12. The method according to any of the foregoing examples, wherein steps a) to c) define a measurement cycle.

[0275] Example 13. The method according to any of the foregoing examples, wherein at least one of 2 measurement cycles, 5 measurement cycles, 10 measurement cycles, 50 measurement cycles, and 100 measurement cycles is executed.

[0276] Example 14. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein at least one visual parameter of at least one eye of the person is selected from at least one of refractive error or visual performance of at least one eye of the person.

[0277] Example 15. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the refractive error of at least one eye of the person is related to at least one of the following values:

[0278] - Spherical power;

[0279] -Cylinder power;

[0280] -Cylinder axis; or

[0281] - Add light below.

[0282] Example 16. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the visual representation is selected from at least one of the following:

[0283] - Visual acuity, particularly selected from at least one of the following:

[0284] ○ Near-field visual acuity; or

[0285] ○ Far-field visual acuity;

[0286] -Contrast sensitivity;

[0287] - Color vision; or

[0288] - Field of vision.

[0289] Example 17. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the at least one first visual stimulus elicits a first eye movement.

[0290] Example 18. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the at least one second visual stimulus elicits a second eye movement.

[0291] Example 19. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein at least one eye movement is selected from at least one of the following of at least one eye of the person:

[0292] - Optokinetic nystagmus, particularly used to elicit reflexive eye movements; or

[0293] - Eye-tracking movements, especially used to elicit conscious eye movements.

[0294] Example 20. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein at least one eye movement is selected from at least one of the following: the first eye movement; or the second eye movement.

[0295] Example 21. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the at least one first visual stimulus or the at least one second visual stimulus is optokinetic nystagmus stimulation.

[0296] Example 22. The method according to any of the foregoing examples, wherein the optokinetic nystagmus stimulus is designated to induce optokinetic nystagmus.

[0297] Example 23. The method according to any of the foregoing examples, wherein the optokinetic nystagmus stimulus has a structured appearance.

[0298] Example 24. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the structured appearance is shifted in at least one direction, particularly by translation.

[0299] Example 25. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the structured appearance is described by at least one spatial frequency.

[0300] Example 26. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the optokinetic nystagmus includes a slow phase and a fast phase, wherein in the slow phase, the eye-tracking movement is triggered by the at least one spatial frequency, and wherein in the fast phase, the eye saccadic movement is a reset movement of at least one eye.

[0301] Example 27. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the optokinetic nystagmus stimulus is selected from at least one of the following:

[0302] -Gabor spot; or

[0303] - Noise spot;

[0304] Specifically, it has

[0305] - Sine wave pattern; or

[0306] - Striped pattern.

[0307] Example 28. The method according to any one of the foregoing embodiments, wherein at least one visual stimulus parameter of the optokinetic nystagmus stimulus is selected from at least one of the following:

[0308] - The first spatial frequency that triggers this optokinetic nystagmus in the first direction; or

[0309] - The second spatial frequency that triggers this optokinetic nystagmus in the second direction.

[0310] Example 29. The method according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the optokinetic nystagmus in the first direction caused by the first spatial frequency and the optokinetic nystagmus in the second direction caused by the second spatial frequency are different from each other.

[0311] Example 30. The method according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein optokinetic nystagmus in the first direction is induced, and then optokinetic nystagmus in the second direction is induced.

[0312] Example 31. The method according to any one of the foregoing embodiments, wherein at least one visual stimulus parameter of the optokinetic nystagmus stimulus is selected from at least one of the following:

[0313] - The third spatial frequency that induces this optokinetic nystagmus in a third-party upward direction.

[0314] Example 32. The method according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the optokinetic nystagmus in the third direction caused by the third spatial frequency is different from the optokinetic nystagmus in the first direction caused by the first spatial frequency and the optokinetic nystagmus in the second direction caused by the second spatial frequency.

[0315] Example 33. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the following stimulus is designated to elicit eye-following motion.

[0316] Example 34. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the following stimulus is selected from at least one of the following:

[0317] -Gabor spot;

[0318] - Noise spot, which specifically has a predetermined spatial frequency;

[0319] -round;

[0320] - Ring structures, especially ring structures with multiple rings having defined radial spatial frequencies;

[0321] - Mesh, particularly meshes that include Gabor spots with different tilts and / or spatial frequencies;

[0322] - Star-shaped; or

[0323] - Letters, in particular selected from at least one of the following:

[0324] ○ Roll the E-chart for visual acuity; or

[0325] ○Landolt C visual acuity chart.

[0326] Example 35. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein at least one of the following is ambiguous: the at least one first visual stimulus; the at least one second visual stimulus, particularly the following stimulus.

[0327] Example 36. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein, particularly when the spatial motion velocity is not zero, the spatial position of the following stimulus, particularly the spatial position of the center, changes over time.

[0328] Example 37. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the appearance of the following stimulus is maintained, and in particular, wherein the appearance is not translated.

[0329] Example 38. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the at least one first visual stimulus is designated to elicit at least one of the following:

[0330] - The eye follows the movement; or

[0331] - This optokinetic nystagmus;

[0332] And the at least one second visual stimulus is designated to elicit at least one of the following:

[0333] - The eye follows the movement; or

[0334] - This optokinetic nystagmus;

[0335] Wherein, at least one of the at least first visual stimulus and / or at least one of the at least second visual stimulus may be designated to trigger the eye-tracking movement.

[0336] Example 39. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the at least one first visual stimulus is defined by using at least one first visual stimulus parameter, and wherein the at least one second visual stimulus is defined by using at least one second visual stimulus parameter, particularly wherein the first visual stimulus parameter and the second visual stimulus parameter are further compared to determine the at least one visual parameter.

[0337] Example 40. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the at least one first visual stimulus parameter and the at least one second visual stimulus parameter are different from each other, particularly because they are different parameters or have different values ​​as the same parameter.

[0338] Example 41. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein at least one of the following:

[0339] - at least one first visual stimulus parameter; or

[0340] - at least one second visual stimulus parameter;

[0341] Selected from at least one of the following:

[0342] - The ambiguity of the at least one first visual stimulus or the at least one second visual stimulus;

[0343] - Display area;

[0344] - Display time;

[0345] -Spatial motion speed;

[0346] - Direction of spatial movement;

[0347] - Spatial frequency;

[0348] - Spatial frequency range; or

[0349] - Contrast level.

[0350] Example 42. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein at least one of the following:

[0351] - at least one first visual stimulus parameter; or

[0352] - at least one second visual stimulus parameter;

[0353] It changes over time, specifically

[0354] - To change in a continuous manner, especially in a monotonous manner; or

[0355] -Change in a gradual manner.

[0356] Example 43. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the at least one first visual stimulus parameter and the at least one second visual stimulus parameter change successively, and in particular, wherein the at least one first visual stimulus parameter is changed when the at least one second visual stimulus parameter remains constant, or vice versa.

[0357] Example 44. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein, during step a), a plurality of first visual stimuli in the at least one first visual stimulus are displayed.

[0358] Example 45. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein, during step b), a plurality of first visual stimuli in the at least one second visual stimulus are displayed.

[0359] Example 46. The method according to any of the foregoing examples, wherein,

[0360] -At least two and / or all of the plurality of first visual stimuli displayed during step a) are the same visual stimuli; and / or

[0361] -At least two and / or all of the multiple second visual stimuli shown in step b) are the same visual stimuli.

[0362] Example 47. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein at least one of the at least one first visual stimulus or at least one second visual stimulus is transformed from a visual stimulus designated to induce a given eye movement to a visual stimulus designated to induce a different eye movement.

[0363] Example 48. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein at least one of the at least one first visual stimulus or at least one second visual stimulus is transformed from a tracking stimulus to an optokinetic nystagmus stimulus; or conversely, wherein at least one of the following remains the tracking stimulus: the at least one first visual stimulus; or the at least one second visual stimulus.

[0364] Example 49. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein at least one third visual stimulus is displayed on a screen to at least one eye of the person, particularly in at least one of the following processes:

[0365] -Step a); or

[0366] -Step b).

[0367] Example 50. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the at least one third visual stimulus is a noise spot.

[0368] Example 51. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the noise spot is selected from at least one of the following:

[0369] -Static noise;

[0370] - Noise after spatial frequency filtering;

[0371] -Dynamic noise; or

[0372] - Noise after dynamic spatial frequency filtering.

[0373] Example 52. The method according to any of the foregoing examples, wherein the noise spot is undergoing translational motion.

[0374] Example 53. The method according to any of the foregoing examples, wherein,

[0375] - The at least one primary visual stimulus is optokinetic nystagmus; and

[0376] - The at least one second visual stimulus is a follower stimulus.

[0377] Example 54. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein, particularly during a complete measurement cycle, the display area of ​​the at least one first visual stimulus is larger than the display area of ​​the at least one second visual stimulus.

[0378] Example 55. The method according to any one of the foregoing embodiments, wherein, particularly during a complete measurement cycle, the display area of ​​the at least one first visual stimulus at least partially, preferably completely, includes the display area of ​​the at least one second visual stimulus.

[0379] Example 56. The method according to any of the foregoing examples, wherein,

[0380] -The at least one primary visual stimulus is a following stimulus; and

[0381] - The at least one second visual stimulus is a follower stimulus.

[0382] Example 57. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the spatial location of the at least one first visual stimulus, particularly the central spatial location, and the spatial location of the at least one second visual stimulus, particularly the central spatial location, coincide at an overlapping spatial location.

[0383] Example 58. The method according to any of the foregoing examples, wherein the overlapping spatial position is movable.

[0384] Example 59. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the at least one first visual stimulus and the at least one second visual stimulus move from the overlapping spatial position in such a way that the spatial positions of the at least one first visual stimulus, particularly the central spatial position, and the spatial positions of the at least one second visual stimulus, particularly the central spatial position, no longer overlap.

[0385] Example 60. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the at least one first visual stimulus and the at least one second visual stimulus move differently from each other starting from the overlapping spatial position in at least one of the following ways:

[0386] - Direction of spatial movement; or

[0387] -Spatial motion speed.

[0388] Example 61. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the at least one first visual stimulus and the at least one second visual stimulus differ in at least one additional visual stimulus parameter, particularly the at least one additional visual stimulus parameter being selected from at least one of the following:

[0389] - Spatial frequency;

[0390] - Spatial frequency range; or

[0391] - Contrast level.

[0392] Example 62. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the at least one first visual stimulus and the at least one second visual stimulus are the same stimulus.

[0393] Example 63. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein generating tracking data further includes recording a timestamp at which at least one generated eye movement occurred: for the first time; or for the last time.

[0394] Example 64. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments further includes the following steps:

[0395] e) Record at least one distance between the person’s at least one eye and a screen displaying at least one of the at least one first visual stimulus or at least one of the at least one second visual stimulus.

[0396] Example 65. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments further includes the following steps:

[0397] f) Record at least one gaze of at least one of the person's eyes.

[0398] Example 66. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments further includes the following steps:

[0399] g) Record at least one gaze position of at least one of the person's eyes.

[0400] Example 67. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments further includes the following steps:

[0401] h) Record head movements of the person, including at least one eye.

[0402] Example 68. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein an instruction for at least one of the following is requested by the person:

[0403] - At least one visual stimulus parameter of the at least one first visual stimulus; or

[0404] - At least one visual stimulus parameter of the at least one second visual stimulus.

[0405] Example 69. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the request is at least one of the following:

[0406] -Visual cues;

[0407] - Auditory cues; or

[0408] - Tactile cues.

[0409] Example 70. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein determining at least one visual parameter of at least one eye of the person includes analyzing at least one result.

[0410] Example 71. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the at least one result includes:

[0411] - Tracking data on at least one generated eye movement, specifically selected from at least one of the following:

[0412] ○ At least one gaze position of at least one eye of the person; or

[0413] ○ At least one gaze of at least one of the person's eyes; and

[0414] -The first mobile space location and the second mobile space location are specifically selected from at least one of the following:

[0415] ○ At least one primary visual stimulus;

[0416] ○ At least one second visual stimulus; and

[0417] At least one result further includes at least one of the following:

[0418] - At least one visual stimulus parameter of the at least one first visual stimulus; or

[0419] - At least one visual stimulus parameter of the at least one second visual stimulus.

[0420] Example 72. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the at least one result further includes at least one of the following:

[0421] - Tracking data of at least one head movement of the person; or

[0422] - At least one distance between at least one of the person's eyes and a screen displaying at least one of the at least one first visual stimulus or at least one of the at least one second visual stimulus.

[0423] Example 73. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the visual parameter is determined by analyzing the result using at least one of the following:

[0424] -Analytical methods;

[0425] -Regression methods;

[0426] - Statistical analysis, especially multivariate statistical analysis, and even more so principal component analysis; or

[0427] - Machine learning algorithms.

[0428] Example 74. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments further includes the step of training the machine learning algorithm to determine the visual parameters, wherein the determination method is as follows:

[0429] - Provide training data, which includes:

[0430] ○ Track data on at least one of the generated eye movements;

[0431] ○ Stimulus data regarding the at least one first visual stimulus and the at least one second visual stimulus, particularly the spatial location of the at least one first visual stimulus and the spatial location of the at least one second visual stimulus;

[0432] ○ Known data regarding this visual parameter;

[0433] - Based on the tracking data and the stimulus data, preliminary data on the visual parameter are determined;

[0434] - Determine the discrepancy between preliminary data and known data regarding the visual parameter; and

[0435] - Adjust the machine learning algorithm to minimize this bias;

[0436] This training step is repeated until the deviation is below the threshold.

[0437] Example 75. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein analyzing the tracking data includes analyzing at least one eye movement generated during the slow-motion phase.

[0438] Example 76. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein analyzing at least one eye movement generated in a slow-motion phase includes determining the speed of the eye movement.

[0439] Example 77. The method according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein analyzing the tracking data includes analyzing at least one of the following of the at least one eye movement:

[0440] -Waiting time;

[0441] -Acceleration; or

[0442] -speed.

[0443] Example 78. A computer program comprising instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method according to any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0444] Example 79. An apparatus for determining at least one visual parameter of at least one eye of a person, the apparatus comprising:

[0445] - At least one screen, wherein the at least one screen is configured to display to at least one eye of a person.

[0446] ○ At least one first visual stimulus, wherein at least a portion of the at least one first visual stimulus has a first spatial position of movement; and

[0447] ○ At least one second visual stimulus, wherein at least a portion of the at least one second visual stimulus has a second spatial position of movement;

[0448] ○ Wherein, at least one first visual stimulus and at least one second visual stimulus are simultaneously displayed on the screen, thereby generating eye movements based on at least one visual parameter;

[0449] - At least one eye-tracking device, wherein the at least one eye-tracking device is configured to generate tracking data on eye movements produced by at least one eye of the person; and

[0450] - At least one processing device, wherein the at least one processing device is configured to determine at least one visual parameter of at least one eye of the person by comparing the tracking data, the first spatial position of movement, and the second spatial position of movement.

[0451] Wherein, the at least one first visual stimulus or the at least one second visual stimulus is a follower stimulus.

[0452] Example 80. The device according to the previous device embodiment, wherein the screen and the eye-tracking device comprise at least one of the following:

[0453] - Virtual reality headsets;

[0454] - Augmented reality system;

[0455] - Desktop computer;

[0456] -TV set;

[0457] - Smart glasses; or

[0458] -Mobile communication devices,

[0459] Furthermore, the processing device comprises at least one of the following:

[0460] -The virtual reality headset;

[0461] -The augmented reality system;

[0462] -The desktop computer;

[0463] -The television set;

[0464] -The smart glasses; or

[0465] - This mobile communication device.

[0466] Example 81. The device according to any of the foregoing device embodiments, wherein the mobile communication device is selected from at least one of the following:

[0467] - Smartphones;

[0468] - Tablet PC; or

[0469] - Laptop computer.

[0470] Example 82. The device according to any of the foregoing device embodiments, wherein the at least one eye-tracking device is selected from at least one of the following:

[0471] - Camera, particularly at least one of the smartphone's front-facing camera and / or rear-facing camera;

[0472] - Webcam;

[0473] - Eye-tracking glasses; or

[0474] - Visual evoked potential device.

[0475] Example 83. The device according to any of the foregoing device embodiments further includes

[0476] - At least one head tracking device;

[0477] The processing device is further specified for determining the visual parameters of at least one eye of the person by using measurements of the head movement.

[0478] Example 84. The device according to any of the foregoing device embodiments further includes...

[0479] - At least one distance measuring unit, configured to measure the distance between the screen and at least one of the person's eyes.

[0480] The processing device is further specified to determine the visual parameters of at least one eye of the person by using a measurement of the distance between the screen and at least one of the person's eyes.

[0481] Example 85. The device according to any of the foregoing device embodiments further includes

[0482] - At least one communication unit, wherein the at least one communication unit is configured for at least one of the following

[0483] ○ The tracking data is forwarded to at least one external storage unit, and the tracking data is received from the at least one external storage unit for further processing by the processing device;

[0484] ○ The tracking data and additional data related to the at least one first visual stimulus and / or the at least one second visual stimulus are forwarded to the at least one external processing device, and additional data related to at least one visual parameter of at least one eye of the person are received from the at least one external processing device.

[0485] Example 86. The device according to any of the foregoing embodiments, wherein the at least one external storage unit comprises at least one of a local server, a remote server, or a cloud server.

[0486] Example 87. The device according to any one of the foregoing two embodiments, wherein the at least one external processing device includes at least one of a local server, a remote server, or a cloud server.

[0487] Example 88. The device according to any of the foregoing device embodiments, wherein the device is further configured to perform the method according to any of the foregoing method embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0488] Other optional features and embodiments of the invention are disclosed in more detail in the following description of the preferred embodiments. As those skilled in the art will recognize, each optional feature can be implemented in isolation and in any feasible combination. It is emphasized here that the scope of the invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments.

[0489] In the attached diagram:

[0490] Figure 1 A bird's-eye view showing an exemplary device for determining at least one visual parameter of at least one eye of a person;

[0491] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrates a method for determining at least one visual parameter of at least one eye of a person, the method being implemented as a computer program running on the device; and

[0492] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the screen is shown, illustrating an exemplary embodiment of two following stimuli that are positioned away from each other in a spatially overlapping manner. Detailed Implementation

[0493] Figure 1 An exemplary device 100 is shown for determining visual parameters of at least one eye 302 of a person 300. At least one visual parameter of at least one eye 302 of the person 300 may be selected from at least one of refractive error or visual performance of at least one eye 302 of the person 300. Refractive error may be at least one of the following associated values: spherical power; cylindrical power; cylindrical axis; or down-adjustment. Visual performance may be selected from at least one of the following: visual acuity, particularly near-field and / or far-field visual acuity; contrast sensitivity; color vision; or visual field.

[0494] Device 100 includes a screen 102. Screen 102 is configured to display a first visual stimulus 200 to at least one eye 302 of a person 300. The first visual stimulus 200 used in this exemplary embodiment is a optokinetic nystagmus stimulus. The optokinetic nystagmus stimulus is specified to elicit optokinetic nystagmus, particularly to elicit reflexive eye movements.

[0495] For this purpose, the optokinetic nystagmus stimulus has a structured appearance. This structured appearance is shifted, particularly translated, in one direction indicated by the arrow. Therefore, at least one portion of the first visual stimulus 200 has a first spatial position 204 of movement. Figure 1 The schematic depiction shows that the optokinetic nystagmus stimulation structure is provided by a Gabor spot with a striped pattern. Alternatively, the optokinetic nystagmus stimulation can be a Gabor spot with a sinusoidal pattern, a noise spot with a sinusoidal pattern, or a noise spot with a striped pattern. Other patterns are also possible.

[0496] The first spatial frequency of the Gabor spot induces optokinetic nystagmus in a first direction and is a visual stimulus parameter for the optokinetic nystagmus stimulus. Furthermore, a second spatial frequency can induce optokinetic nystagmus in a second direction and can be another visual stimulus parameter for the optokinetic nystagmus stimulus. The first and second directions can be different from each other. Optokinetic nystagmus in the first direction can be induced, and subsequently, optokinetic nystagmus in the second direction can be induced. Furthermore, a third spatial frequency inducing optokinetic nystagmus in a third direction can be another visual stimulus parameter for the optokinetic nystagmus stimulus. The third-direction optokinetic nystagmus induced by the third spatial frequency can be different from the first-direction optokinetic nystagmus induced by the first spatial frequency and the second-direction optokinetic nystagmus induced by the second spatial frequency. Additionally, the optokinetic nystagmus stimulus may be blurred.

[0497] Optokinetic nystagmus includes a slow-motion phase and a fast-motion phase, wherein in the slow-motion phase, spatial frequencies trigger eye-tracking movements, and wherein in the fast-motion phase, eye saccadic movements are reset movements of at least one eye 302.

[0498] The screen 102 is further configured to display a second visual stimulus 210 to at least one eye 302 of a person 300. The second visual stimulus 210 used in this exemplary embodiment is a tracking stimulus. Therefore, the second visual stimulus 210 elicits a second eye movement, i.e., an eye-tracking movement. The eye-tracking movement can be a conscious eye movement.

[0499] like Figure 1 The tracing stimulus depicted schematically is a circle. Alternatively, the tracing stimulus may be: a Gabor spot; a noise spot, particularly having a predetermined spatial frequency; a ring structure, particularly a ring structure having multiple rings having defined radial spatial frequencies; a grid, particularly a grid comprising Gabor spots with different inclinations and / or spatial frequencies; a star shape; or a letter, particularly selected from the Rolling E visual acuity chart and / or the Landolt C visual acuity chart.

[0500] The second visual stimulus 210 has a spatial position that follows the stimulus over time, particularly the spatial position of the center 212. The gaze position 306 of the person 300 coincides with the center 212. Therefore, the spatial motion velocity is not zero, as indicated by the arrow, and at least a portion of the second visual stimulus 210 has a second spatial position 214 of movement. The appearance of the following stimulus is maintained, and the following stimulus, in particular, does not undergo translational displacement. Furthermore, the following stimulus may be blurred.

[0501] like Figure 1As shown, a first visual stimulus 200 and a second visual stimulus 210 are simultaneously displayed on screen 102, thereby generating eye movements based on at least one visual parameter. Both the first visual stimulus 200 and the second visual stimulus 210 are perceptible from at least one eye 302 of a person 300, in such a way that the generated eye movements are produced by the first visual stimulus 200 and / or the second visual stimulus 210. The first visual stimulus 200 and the second visual stimulus 210 can induce the generated eye movements based on at least one visual parameter of at least one eye 302 of the person 300 to be determined.

[0502] The first visual stimulus 200 and the second visual stimulus 210 are displayed in such a manner that both are simultaneously visible to at least one eye 302 of a person 300. The first visual stimulus 200 is visible to the central visual field 310 of at least one eye 302 of the person 300. The second visual stimulus 210 is visible to both the central visual field 310 and the peripheral visual field 312 of at least one eye 302 of the person 300. Figure 1 The central field of view opening angle α shown in the example is 8°.

[0503] The display area of ​​the first visual stimulus 200 is larger than the display area of ​​the second visual stimulus 210. For example... Figure 1 The display area of ​​the first visual stimulus 200, which is shown schematically, completely includes the display area of ​​the second visual stimulus 210.

[0504] The device 100 further includes an eye-tracking device 104, wherein the eye-tracking device 104 is configured to generate tracking data of eye movements produced with respect to at least one eye 302 of a person 300. Figure 1 The eye-tracking device 104 used in the exemplary embodiment is a camera, particularly the front-facing camera of a smartphone. Alternatively, the eye-tracking device 104 may be: a webcam; eye-tracking glasses; the rear-facing camera of a smartphone; or a visual evoked potential device.

[0505] The device 100 further includes a processing unit 106. The processing unit 106 is configured to determine at least one visual parameter of at least one eye 302 of a person 300 by comparing tracking data, a first movement spatial position 204, and a second movement spatial position 214.

[0506] like Figure 1As further illustrated, screen 102, eye-tracking device 104, and processing device 106 are included by a mobile communication device. The mobile communication device used exemplary herein is a smartphone. Alternatively, the mobile communication device may be a tablet or laptop computer. The use of a smartphone, or alternatively a tablet or laptop computer, is particularly preferred for this invention, especially due to their widespread use and easy availability throughout the world, including developing countries. Alternatively, screen 102, eye-tracking device 104, and processing device 106 may be included by a virtual reality headset, augmented reality system, desktop computer, television, or smart glasses. Processing device 106 may be included by a device different from screen 102 and / or eye-tracking device 104.

[0507] The device 100 may further include at least one head tracking device, wherein the processing device 106 is further designated to determine visual parameters of at least one eye 302 of the person 300 by using measurements of head movements. Further, a front-facing camera may be the head tracking device.

[0508] The device 100 may further include at least one distance measuring unit configured to measure the distance between the screen 102 and at least one eye 302 of a person 300, wherein the processing device 106 may be further specified to determine visual parameters of at least one eye 302 of the person 300 by using the measured value of the distance between the screen 102 and at least one eye 302 of the person 300. A front-facing camera may be the distance measuring unit.

[0509] like Figure 1 The exemplary device 100 schematically depicted further includes a communication unit 108, wherein the communication unit 108 is configured to forward tracking data to an external storage unit 400 and to receive tracking data from the external storage unit 400 for further processing by the processing device 106. The communication unit 108, as exemplarily used herein, is further configured to forward tracking data and additional data related to a first visual stimulus 200 and / or a second visual stimulus to an external processing device 402, and to receive additional data from the external processing device 402 related to at least one visual parameter of at least one eye 302 of a person 300.

[0510] External storage unit 400 is included here by local server 404. Alternatively, external storage unit 400 may be included by remote server or cloud server. At least one external processing device 402 is also included by local server 404. Alternatively, external processing device 402 may be included by remote server or cloud server.

[0511] A computer program including instructions is running on device 100, which, when executed by device 100, causes device 100 to perform a computer-implemented method 500 for determining at least one visual parameter of at least one eye 302 of a person 300.

[0512] Computer-implemented method 500 Figure 2 The diagram is schematically shown and includes a first display step 502 of step a) of the method 500 implemented by a computer. In the first display step 502, a first visual stimulus 200 having at least a moving portion with a first moving spatial position 204 is displayed on a screen 102 to at least one eye 302 of a person 300.

[0513] The computer-implemented method 500 further includes a second display step 504 according to step b) of the computer-implemented method 500. In the second display step 504, a second visual stimulus 210 having at least a moving portion with a second moving spatial position 214 is displayed on the screen 102 to at least one eye 302 of a person 300.

[0514] A first visual stimulus 200 and a second visual stimulus 210 are simultaneously displayed on screen 102, thereby generating eye movements based on at least one visual parameter. The term "simultaneously" means that the first visual stimulus 200 is displayed at a first display time and at least one second visual stimulus is displayed at a second display time, wherein the first display time and the second display time partially or completely overlap.

[0515] The computer-implemented method 500 further includes a tracking step 506 according to step c) of the computer-implemented method 500. In the tracking step 506, tracking data of eye movements generated about at least one eye 302 of the person 300 is generated by using an eye-tracking device 104.

[0516] The computer-implemented method 500 further includes a determination step 508 according to step d) of the computer-implemented method 500. In the determination step 508, at least one visual parameter of at least one eye 302 of the person 300 is determined by comparing tracking data, a first movement spatial position 204, and a second movement spatial position 214 using the processing device 106.

[0517] A first visual stimulus 200 can be defined using at least one first visual stimulus parameter, and a second visual stimulus 210 can be defined using at least one second visual stimulus parameter. The at least one first visual stimulus parameter and the at least one second visual stimulus parameter can be different from each other, particularly because they are different parameters or the same parameter has different values. The first visual stimulus parameter and the second visual stimulus parameter can be further compared to determine at least one visual parameter.

[0518] At least one first visual stimulus parameter or at least one second visual stimulus parameter may be selected from at least one of the following: the blurring of the first visual stimulus 200 or the second visual stimulus 210, the display area, the display time, the spatial motion speed, the spatial motion direction, the spatial frequency, the spatial frequency range, or the contrast level.

[0519] At least one first visual stimulus parameter or at least one second visual stimulus parameter may vary over time, specifically in a continuous manner, particularly in a monotonous manner; or in a stepwise manner. At least one first visual stimulus parameter and at least one second visual stimulus parameter may vary sequentially, particularly when at least one second visual stimulus parameter remains constant, at least one first visual stimulus parameter may be changed, or vice versa. Generating tracking data may further include recording timestamps at which at least one generated eye movement occurs for the first or last time.

[0520] The computer-implemented method 500 may further include a distance recording step 520 according to step e) of the computer-implemented method 500, in which at least one distance between at least one eye 302 of a person 300 and a screen 102 displaying at least one of a first visual stimulus 200 or a second visual stimulus 210 may be recorded.

[0521] The computer-implemented method 500 may further include a line-of-sight 304 recording step 530 according to step f) of the computer-implemented method 500, in which at least one line of sight 304 of at least one eye 302 of a person 300 may be recorded.

[0522] The computer-implemented method 500 may further include a gaze position recording step 540 according to step g) of the computer-implemented method 500, in which at least one gaze position 306 of at least one eye 302 of a person 300 may be recorded.

[0523] The computer-implemented method 500 may further include a head movement recording step 550 according to step h) of the computer-implemented method 500, in which head movements of a person 300, including at least one eye 302, may be recorded.

[0524] The first display step 502 and the second display step 504 are executed simultaneously. A tracking step 506 is executed during the first display step 502 and the second display step 504. The first display step 502, the second display step 504, and the tracking step 506 define a measurement cycle 510. The measurement cycle 510 may further include a distance recording step 520, a gaze recording step 530, a gaze position recording step 540, and / or a head movement recording step 550. At least two, at least five, at least ten, at least fifty, or at least one hundred measurement cycles 510 may be executed.

[0525] Person 300 may request indication of at least one visual stimulus parameter of the first visual stimulus 200 or at least one visual stimulus parameter of the second visual stimulus 210. This request may be a visual cue, an auditory cue, or a tactile cue.

[0526] Determining at least one visual parameter of at least one eye 302 of person 300 may preferably include analyzing at least one result. This at least one result may particularly include: tracking data regarding at least one generated eye movement, particularly selected from at least one of the following: at least one gaze position 306 of at least one eye 302 of person 300; or at least one line of sight 304 of at least one eye 302 of person 300; and a first spatial position 204 and a second spatial position 214, particularly selected from at least one of the following: a first visual stimulus 200; a second visual stimulus; and wherein at least one result further includes at least one of the following: at least one visual stimulus parameter of the first visual stimulus 200; or at least one visual stimulus parameter of the second visual stimulus. At least one result may further include at least one of the following: tracking data regarding at least one head movement of the head 308 of person 300; or at least one distance between at least one eye 302 of person 300 and a screen 102 displaying at least one of the first visual stimulus 200 or the second visual stimulus.

[0527] Determining visual parameters by analyzing the results can preferably be performed using at least one of the following: analytical methods; regression methods; statistical analysis, particularly multivariate statistical analysis, and more particularly principal component analysis; or machine learning algorithms. The machine learning algorithm can be trained to: determine visual parameters by providing training data, which includes tracking data about at least one generated eye movement, stimulus data about a first visual stimulus 200 and a second visual stimulus 210, particularly the spatial location of the first visual stimulus 200 and the spatial location of at least one second visual stimulus, and known data about the visual parameters; determine preliminary data about the visual parameters using the tracking data and stimulus data; and determine the deviation between the preliminary data about the visual parameters and the known data about the visual parameters, adjusting the machine learning algorithm to minimize the deviation; wherein this training step is repeated until the deviation is below a threshold.

[0528] Analyzing the tracking data may preferably include analyzing at least one eye movement generated during a slow-motion phase. Analyzing at least one eye movement generated during a slow-motion phase of optokinetic nystagmus may particularly include determining the velocity of the eye movement. Analyzing the tracking data may particularly include analyzing at least one of the following for at least one eye movement: waiting time; acceleration; or velocity.

[0529] like Figure 3 As illustrated schematically, the first visual stimulus 200 is a following stimulus, and the second visual stimulus 210 is also a following stimulus. As depicted there, initially, they are the same stimulus. Therefore, the spatial position of the center 202 of the first visual stimulus 200 and the spatial position of the center 212 of the second visual stimulus 200 coincide at a spatially overlapping location. Furthermore, the spatially overlapping location is movable, as depicted by the arrows pointing to the first visual stimulus 200 and the second visual stimulus 210.

[0530] Furthermore, during the first display step 502 and the second display step 504, Figure 3 In an exemplary embodiment, a third visual stimulus 220 is displayed on screen 102 to at least one eye 302 of a person 300. The third visual stimulus 220, as schematically depicted herein, is a noise spot. The noise spot used here for this purpose is static noise. Alternatively, the noise spot may be: spatial frequency filtered noise; dynamic noise; or dynamic spatial frequency filtered noise. The noise spot may perform translational motion.

[0531] like Figure 3As further illustrated, the first visual stimulus 200 and the second visual stimulus 210 move from their overlapping spatial positions in such a way that the spatial positions of the first visual stimulus 200, particularly the center 202, and the spatial positions of the second visual stimulus 210, particularly the center 212, no longer coincide. This movement is indicated here by an arrow pointing away from the overlapping spatial positions. For this purpose, the first visual stimulus 200 and the second visual stimulus 210 move in different directions and at different speeds.

[0532] Here, the first visual stimulus 200 and the second visual stimulus 210 used for this purpose are different in terms of at least one additional visual stimulus parameter, in particular, the at least one additional visual stimulus parameter is selected from at least one of the following: spatial frequency; spatial frequency range; or contrast level.

[0533] Multiple first visual stimuli 200 may be displayed during the first display step 502 and / or multiple second visual stimuli 210 may be displayed during the second display step 504. At least two and / or all of the multiple first visual stimuli 200 displayed during the first display step 502 may be the same visual stimulus; and / or at least two and / or all of the multiple second visual stimuli 210 displayed during the second display step 504 may be the same visual stimulus.

[0534] Furthermore, the first visual stimulus 200 or the second visual stimulus 210 can be transformed from a visual stimulus designated to elicit a given eye movement to a visual stimulus designated to elicit a different eye movement. The first visual stimulus 200 or the second visual stimulus 200 can be transformed from a tracking stimulus to an optokinetic nystagmus stimulus; or vice versa.

[0535] List of reference signs

[0536] 100 Devices for determining visual parameters of at least one human eye

[0537] 102 screens

[0538] 104 Eye-tracking devices

[0539] 106 Processing Unit

[0540] 108 communication units

[0541] 200 First visual stimulation

[0542] 202 Center

[0543] 204 First mobile space location

[0544] 210 Second visual stimulation

[0545] 212 Center

[0546] 214 Second mobile space location

[0547] 220 Third visual stimulation

[0548] 300 people

[0549] 302 Eyes

[0550] 304 Viewpoint

[0551] 306 Gaze Position

[0552] 308 Head

[0553] 310 Center Vision

[0554] 312 Surrounding View

[0555] 400 external storage units

[0556] 402 External Processing Unit

[0557] 404 Local Server

[0558] 500 Computer-based implementation methods

[0559] 502 First Display Step

[0560] 504 Second Display Step

[0561] 506 Tracking Steps

[0562] 508 Determine the steps

[0563] 510 Measurement Cycle

[0564] 520 Distance Recording Steps

[0565] 530 Eye Contact Recording Steps

[0566] 540 Gaze Position Recording Steps

[0567] 550 Head Motion Recording Steps

[0568] α angle

Claims

1. A computer-implemented method (500) for determining at least one visual parameter of at least one eye (302) of a person (300), the method (500) comprising the steps of: a) Displaying (502) at least one first visual stimulus (200) on a screen (102) to at least one eye (302) of a person (300), wherein at least a portion of the at least one first visual stimulus (200) has a first spatial position (204); and b) Display (504) at least one second visual stimulus (210) to at least one eye (302) of the person (300) on the screen (102), wherein at least a portion of the at least one second visual stimulus (210) has a second movement spatial position (214); The at least one first visual stimulus (200) and the at least one second visual stimulus (210) are simultaneously displayed on the screen (102) to achieve the generated eye movement according to the at least one visual parameter; c) Generating tracking data (506) of eye movements of at least one eye (302) of the person (300) using at least one eye-tracking device (104); and d) Determine (508) at least one visual parameter of at least one eye (302) of the person (300) by comparing the tracking data, the first movement spatial position (204), and the second movement spatial position (214) using at least one processing device (106); Wherein, the at least one first visual stimulus (200) is a follower stimulus, and the at least one second visual stimulus (210) is a follower stimulus. Wherein, the spatial positions of the at least one first visual stimulus (200) and the at least one second visual stimulus (210) coincide at an overlapping spatial position, wherein the at least one first visual stimulus (200) and the at least one second visual stimulus (210) move from the overlapping spatial position in such a way that the spatial positions of the at least one first visual stimulus (200) and the at least one second visual stimulus (210) no longer coincide. Its features are, The overlapping spatial location is a matching spatial location, wherein at least a portion of the at least one first visual stimulus (200) covers at least a portion of the at least one second visual stimulus (210), or conversely, in such a way that the covered portion of the at least one second visual stimulus (210) or the covered portion of the at least one first visual stimulus (200) cannot be perceived by at least one eye of the person. In this process, the at least one first visual stimulus and the at least one second visual stimulus begin to move from the overlapping spatial position, wherein at least one of the spatial movement directions or spatial movement velocities is different from each other, thereby causing the at least one first visual stimulus and the at least one second visual stimulus to move away from the overlapping position and / or move away from each other. The at least one first visual stimulus and the at least one second visual stimulus differ in at least one additional visual stimulus parameter, which is selected from at least one of the following: spatial frequency, spatial frequency range, or contrast level.

2. The method (500) according to claim 1, wherein, At least one visual parameter of at least one eye (302) of the person (300) is selected from at least one of the refractive errors or visual performance of at least one eye (302) of the person (300).

3. The method (500) according to claim 2, wherein, The refractive error of at least one eye (302) of the person (300) is related to at least one of the following values: - Spherical power; -Cylinder lens; -Cylinder axis; or - Add light below.

4. The method (500) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein, The visual representation is selected from at least one of the following -Visual acuity; -Contrast sensitivity; - Color vision; or - Field of vision.

5. The method (500) according to claim 4, wherein, Visual acuity is selected from at least one of the following: ○ Near-field visual acuity; or ○ Far-field visual acuity.

6. The method (500) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, At least one visual stimulus parameter of the at least one first visual stimulus (200) and / or The indication of at least one visual stimulus parameter of the at least one second visual stimulus (210) is requested from the person (300).

7. The method (500) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The at least one first visual stimulus (200) or the at least one second visual stimulus (210) transitions from a follower stimulus to an optokinetic nystagmus stimulus; or vice versa, wherein at least one of the following remains the follower stimulus: the at least one first visual stimulus (200); or the at least one second visual stimulus (210).

8. The method (500) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, At least one result includes: - Tracking data on at least one generated eye movement; and -The first mobile space position (204) and the second mobile space position (214); and Wherein, at least one result further includes at least one of the following: - At least one visual stimulus parameter of the at least one first visual stimulus (200); or - At least one visual stimulus parameter of the at least one second visual stimulus (210).

9. The method (500) according to claim 8, wherein, The tracking data for at least one of the generated eye movements are selected from at least one of the following: ○ At least one gaze position (306) of at least one eye (302) of the person (300); or ○At least one eye (302) of the person (300) at least one line of sight (304).

10. The method (500) according to claim 8, wherein, The first mobile spatial location (204) and the second mobile spatial location (214) are selected from at least one of the following: ○ The at least one first visual stimulus (200); ○The at least one second visual stimulus (210).

11. The method (500) according to claim 8, wherein, The results were analyzed to determine whether the visual parameter was obtained by using at least one of the following: -Analytical methods; -Regression methods; -Statistical analysis; or - Machine learning algorithms.

12. The method (500) according to claim 11, wherein, This statistical analysis is a multivariate statistical analysis.

13. The method (500) according to claim 11, wherein, This statistical analysis is principal component analysis.

14. A computer program product comprising a computer program including instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform a computer-implemented method (500) for determining at least one visual parameter of at least one eye (302) of a person (300), the method (500) comprising the steps of: a) Displaying (502) at least one first visual stimulus (200) on a screen (102) to at least one eye (302) of a person (300), wherein at least a portion of the at least one first visual stimulus (200) has a first spatial position (204); and b) Display (504) at least one second visual stimulus (210) to at least one eye (302) of the person (300) on the screen (102), wherein at least a portion of the at least one second visual stimulus (210) has a second movement spatial position (214); The at least one first visual stimulus (200) and the at least one second visual stimulus (210) are simultaneously displayed on the screen (102) to achieve the generated eye movement according to the at least one visual parameter; c) Generating (506) tracking data of eye movements of at least one eye (302) of the person (300) using at least one eye-tracking device (104); and d) Determine (508) at least one visual parameter of at least one eye (302) of the person (300) by comparing the tracking data, the first movement spatial position (204), and the second movement spatial position (214) using at least one processing device (106); Wherein, the at least one first visual stimulus (200) is a following stimulus, and the at least one second visual stimulus (210) is a following stimulus, wherein the spatial positions of the at least one first visual stimulus (200) and the at least one second visual stimulus (210) coincide at a concurrent spatial position, wherein the at least one first visual stimulus (200) and the at least one second visual stimulus (210) move from the concurrent spatial position in such a way that the spatial positions of the at least one first visual stimulus (200) and the at least one second visual stimulus (210) no longer coincide. Its features are, The overlapping spatial location is a matching spatial location, wherein at least a portion of the at least one first visual stimulus (200) covers at least a portion of the at least one second visual stimulus (210), or conversely, in such a way that the covered portion of the at least one second visual stimulus (210) or the covered portion of the at least one first visual stimulus (200) cannot be perceived by at least one eye of the person. In this process, the at least one first visual stimulus and the at least one second visual stimulus begin to move from the overlapping spatial position, wherein at least one of the spatial movement directions or spatial movement velocities is different from each other, thereby causing the at least one first visual stimulus and the at least one second visual stimulus to move away from the overlapping position and / or move away from each other. The at least one first visual stimulus and the at least one second visual stimulus differ in at least one additional visual stimulus parameter, which is selected from at least one of the following: spatial frequency, spatial frequency range, or contrast level.

15. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the computer program including instructions that, when a computer executes the program, cause the computer to perform a computer-implemented method (500) for determining at least one visual parameter of at least one eye (302) of a person (300), the method (500) comprising the steps of: a) Displaying (502) at least one first visual stimulus (200) on a screen (102) to at least one eye (302) of a person (300), wherein at least a portion of the at least one first visual stimulus (200) has a first spatial position (204); and b) Display (504) at least one second visual stimulus (210) to at least one eye (302) of the person (300) on the screen (102), wherein at least a portion of the at least one second visual stimulus (210) has a second movement spatial position (214); The at least one first visual stimulus (200) and the at least one second visual stimulus (210) are simultaneously displayed on the screen (102) to achieve the generated eye movement according to the at least one visual parameter; c) Generating (506) tracking data of eye movements of at least one eye (302) of the person (300) using at least one eye-tracking device (104); and d) Determine (508) at least one visual parameter of at least one eye (302) of the person (300) by comparing the tracking data, the first movement spatial position (204), and the second movement spatial position (214) using at least one processing device (106); Wherein, the at least one first visual stimulus (200) is a following stimulus, and the at least one second visual stimulus (210) is a following stimulus, wherein the spatial positions of the at least one first visual stimulus (200) and the at least one second visual stimulus (210) coincide at a concurrent spatial position, wherein the at least one first visual stimulus (200) and the at least one second visual stimulus (210) move from the concurrent spatial position in such a way that the spatial positions of the at least one first visual stimulus (200) and the at least one second visual stimulus (210) no longer coincide. Its features are, The overlapping spatial location is a matching spatial location, wherein at least a portion of the at least one first visual stimulus (200) covers at least a portion of the at least one second visual stimulus (210), or conversely, in such a way that the covered portion of the at least one second visual stimulus (210) or the covered portion of the at least one first visual stimulus (200) cannot be perceived by at least one eye of the person. In this process, the at least one first visual stimulus and the at least one second visual stimulus begin to move from the overlapping spatial position, wherein at least one of the spatial movement directions or spatial movement velocities is different from each other, thereby causing the at least one first visual stimulus and the at least one second visual stimulus to move away from the overlapping position and / or move away from each other. The at least one first visual stimulus and the at least one second visual stimulus differ in at least one additional visual stimulus parameter, which is selected from at least one of the following: spatial frequency, spatial frequency range, or contrast level.

16. A device (100) for determining visual parameters of at least one eye (302) of a person (300), the device (100) comprising: - At least one screen (102), wherein the at least one screen (102) is configured to display to at least one eye (302) of a person (300). ○ At least one first visual stimulus (200), wherein at least a portion of the at least one first visual stimulus (200) has a first spatial position (204); and ○ At least one second visual stimulus (210), wherein at least a portion of the at least one second visual stimulus (210) has a second movement spatial position (214); ○ In this case, at least one first visual stimulus (200) and at least one second visual stimulus (210) are simultaneously displayed on the screen (102), thereby realizing the generated eye movement according to the at least one visual parameter; - At least one eye-tracking device (104), wherein the at least one eye-tracking device (104) is configured to generate tracking data of eye movements produced with respect to at least one eye (302) of the person (300); and - At least one processing device (106), wherein the at least one processing device (106) is configured to determine at least one visual parameter of at least one eye (302) of the person (300) by comparing the tracking data, the first movement spatial position (204), and the second movement spatial position (214). Wherein, the at least one first visual stimulus (200) is a following stimulus, and the at least one second visual stimulus (210) is a following stimulus, wherein the spatial positions of the at least one first visual stimulus (200) and the at least one second visual stimulus (210) coincide at a concurrent spatial position, wherein the at least one first visual stimulus (200) and the at least one second visual stimulus (210) move from the concurrent spatial position in such a way that the spatial positions of the at least one first visual stimulus (200) and the at least one second visual stimulus (210) no longer coincide. Its features are, The overlapping spatial location is a matching spatial location, wherein at least a portion of the at least one first visual stimulus (200) covers at least a portion of the at least one second visual stimulus (210), or conversely, in such a way that the covered portion of the at least one second visual stimulus (210) or the covered portion of the at least one first visual stimulus (200) cannot be perceived by at least one eye of the person. In this process, the at least one first visual stimulus and the at least one second visual stimulus begin to move from the overlapping spatial position, wherein at least one of the spatial movement directions or spatial movement velocities is different from each other, thereby causing the at least one first visual stimulus and the at least one second visual stimulus to move away from the overlapping position and / or move away from each other. The at least one first visual stimulus and the at least one second visual stimulus differ in at least one additional visual stimulus parameter, which is selected from at least one of the following: spatial frequency, spatial frequency range, or contrast level.

Images