A system for preventing deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities

Abstract

This invention relates to a system for preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities, comprising a medical terminal, a nursing device, and a patient terminal. The medical terminal is used to input scale data related to DVT in the lower extremities and to control the nursing device. The patient terminal can provide feedback to the medical terminal regarding the patient's scale data related to DVT in the lower extremities and lower extremity nursing instructions related to the scale data from the nursing device. The lower extremity nursing instructions are intended to be approved by the medical terminal and sent by the patient terminal to the associated nursing device. After acquiring scale data related to a patient's DVT in the lower extremities, the medical terminal retrieves and analyzes sample cases of DVT prevention to develop, confirm, or update the patient's current personalized preventive care plan based on the acquired scale data related to the corresponding patient, and sends the preventive care plan to the patient terminal in the form of the lower extremity nursing instructions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical and nursing technology, and in particular to a system for preventing deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities. Background Technology

[0002] In the current field of healthcare, although various methods and technologies exist for preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities, most still rely on equipment and personnel in hospitals or specialized medical institutions. However, with the saturation of medical resources in healthcare institutions and the increasing demand for home-based rehabilitation among patients, how to effectively prevent DVT in the home environment has become an urgent technical problem to be solved.

[0003] Traditional home care often relies on self-management and monitoring by the patient or their family. This approach is not only inefficient but also struggles to ensure accuracy and timeliness. Furthermore, due to significant differences in patients' conditions and individual circumstances, traditional care methods often fail to provide personalized care plans, resulting in unsatisfactory outcomes.

[0004] In recent years, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, its application in the field of medical care has gradually expanded. However, most current research still focuses on scenarios in professional medical institutions such as hospitals, with relatively few applications in home environments. Therefore, developing an intelligent support system capable of preventing deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities in a home setting is of great significance. However, there is currently a lack of corresponding standardized training sets and standardized databases for reference.

[0005] The existing medical paper, "Application Effect of 5A Nursing Intervention under Self-Management Guidance Model in Preventing Deep Vein Thrombosis in Lower Limbs after Cerebral Hemorrhage" by Ding Hui, Zhang Pu, and Gao Yue ([J]. Clinical Medical Engineering, 2024, 31(01):119-120), points out that DVT-related preventive measures need to be continuously implemented to be effective. However, most patients with cerebral hemorrhage lack self-management ability and find it difficult to adhere to preventive measures as prescribed by doctors, thus the overall preventive effect of DVT is not ideal. The results of this study show that after intervention, the ESCA score and lower limb venous blood flow velocity in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, while the incidence of DVT was lower. This indicates that 5A nursing intervention under the self-management guidance model can improve the self-management ability of patients undergoing cerebral hemorrhage surgery, accelerate lower limb blood flow velocity, and reduce the risk of DVT formation. Therefore, continuous health management during the home rehabilitation period of patients, meeting their nursing needs, improving their self-management ability, and ensuring the implementation of DVT prevention measures such as lower limb exercise, limb massage, and limb hot compress can effectively promote lower limb blood circulation and metabolism, prevent the accumulation of coagulation factors in the vascular endothelium, and greatly reduce the risk of DVT.

[0006] Against this backdrop, this invention proposes an intelligent support system for preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities at home. This system uses feedback control to achieve real-time monitoring and assessment of the patient's condition and develops personalized care plans based on the patient's specific circumstances. Simultaneously, the system can automatically adjust the care plan based on patient feedback and changes in their condition to ensure timely and effective care. This invention aims to address the problems and shortcomings of existing home care methods, achieving intelligent support and personalized care for preventing DVT in the lower extremities at home, and providing patients with more convenient and efficient rehabilitation services.

[0007] CN111920677A discloses an acupoint electrostimulation device for preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities, including a main unit, connecting wires, electrode patches, and a mobile terminal. This patent is particularly suitable for use under conditions requiring prolonged sitting, such as on airplanes or high-speed trains. The patent can automatically adjust the start time, duration, interval, and intensity of the electrostimulation. However, because patients are uncertain about the development of their condition and cannot assess the likelihood of DVT formation or worsening, they cannot develop their own rehabilitation plans and are unsure whether the electrostimulation parameters provided by the device are suitable for their physical condition. This may lead to poor electrostimulation effects and even potential risks. Targetless electrostimulation cannot reduce the incidence of DVT and post-thrombotic syndrome. The patent lacks the ability to develop personalized care plans based on individual patient differences and disease progression. Each patient's risk of DVT, its causes, and rehabilitation needs are different; without personalized care plans, it is difficult to maximize the preventative effect.

[0008] Current technologies offer limited coverage for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities. They primarily employ assisted lower limb exercises or massage, and most fail to consider the individualized impact of nursing interventions on patient outcomes. This is particularly true during the extended years of home rehabilitation following surgery (especially in preventing DVT formation or worsening), where current technologies neglect patient feedback and corresponding changes in their condition over a longer period. Therefore, it is necessary to implement closed-loop controlled home care, integrating feedback control and ideally artificial intelligence, to improve patient adherence to established treatment plans and enable rapid adaptation to new or evolving treatment strategies. Summary of the Invention

[0009] One objective of this invention is to provide scale data related to deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities to the patient terminal of the system, particularly through a subscription model, to healthcare terminals, thereby fully supporting home care after various surgeries and reducing unnecessary follow-up visits. This is because existing technologies have already developed solutions for quantitatively assessing the risk of venous thrombosis in patients based on their clinical data to obtain a thrombosis risk level. For example, CN117672510A discloses a venous thrombosis risk assessment and management system and method, which includes: a clinical data acquisition module for collecting patient clinical data and sending the patient clinical data to a risk assessment module; a risk assessment module for assessing the patient's venous thrombosis risk based on the patient's clinical data to obtain a thrombosis risk level and sending the thrombosis risk level to a quality control management module; and a quality control management module for determining a prevention strategy based on the thrombosis risk level and implementing preventive measures on the patient according to the prevention strategy. This technical solution corrects or supplements patient clinical data based on clinical status assessment, providing accurate clinical data for subsequent venous thrombosis risk assessment, improving the accuracy of venous thrombosis assessment, and generating prevention strategies through a quality control management module to implement preventive measures for patients, further reducing the incidence and mortality of venous thrombosis. This technical solution is mainly for situations where medical staff and patients are both in a hospital, where medical staff can easily grasp the patient's current physiological data and provide corresponding risk prevention plans accordingly. However, for patients recovering at home, existing technologies lack understanding of the patient's real-time physiological data, making it impossible to provide a matching rehabilitation care plan based on their actual condition, and also unable to adjust related nursing operations in a timely manner based on the impact of the relevant care plan on the patient, resulting in reduced accuracy in the setting and execution of the care plan, and thus adversely affecting the actual rehabilitation effect of the patient.

[0010] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a system for preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities, comprising a medical care terminal, at least one patient terminal, and at least one nursing device. The medical care terminal is used by medical personnel to input or obtain patient personal information and / or medical condition information and / or treatment or medication information from a medical information system (such as a HIS system). The patient terminal can establish a data connection with the medical care terminal, particularly by periodically sending data to the medical care terminal in a subscription model; the patient terminal can also be used for patients to input scale data related to DVT in the lower extremities; and the patient terminal can be linked to at least one nursing device for controlling the corresponding nursing device, for example, by providing instructions related to intensity, frequency, etc. The nursing device is used to perform nursing operations on the patient according to the instructions provided by the patient terminal (particularly in a subscription model). The patient terminal can feed back the patient's scale data related to DVT in the lower extremities and the lower extremity nursing instructions related to the scale data to be sent to the nursing device to the medical care terminal located within the medical institution. After acquiring scale data related to deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the patient's lower extremities, the healthcare terminal retrieves sample cases of DVT prevention to develop, update, or confirm a personalized preventive care plan based on data reflecting the patient's current condition. This plan is then sent to the patient's terminal via lower extremity care instructions. The healthcare terminal updates these instructions based on changes in the patient's physiological data after receiving the care. The patient's terminal then controls the nursing device to perform the care procedures based on the received instructions.

[0011] Unlike existing technologies, the medical care terminal of this invention can retrieve sample cases of preventing deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities based on multiple scale data related to lower extremity deep vein thrombosis, especially those fed back in a subscription mode. It can then formulate a personalized preventive care plan for the patient based on the data in the scale data that reflects the patient's current condition, prognosis, and nursing care. Furthermore, the medical care terminal can update the lower extremity nursing instructions based on changes in the patient's physiological data after receiving nursing care procedures.

[0012] Based on the aforementioned distinguishing technical features, the problems to be solved by this invention may include: how to generate corresponding nursing plans based on the patient's actual physiological parameters, and how to adjust the corresponding nursing plans according to changes in the patient's actual physiological parameters, so as to achieve more accurate and effective nursing results; it may also include the structured formation of a standard training set for training artificial intelligence nursing devices. Specifically, existing lower extremity deep vein thrombosis nursing devices mainly rely on medical staff to formulate corresponding nursing plans based on experience data accumulated from historical data. This approach ignores the actual physiological impact of the relevant nursing plans on the patient during specific implementation. However, the patient's physiological data is closely related to the way the nursing plan is set. Once the patient's physiological data changes, the established nursing plan cannot match the patient's current state, resulting in a reduction in the actual nursing effect. Inappropriate nursing plans may even cause secondary harm to the patient. Based on this, this invention can adjust the corresponding nursing plan in a timely manner according to changes in the patient's physiological data, thereby significantly improving the accuracy of nursing plan formulation and maintaining the effectiveness of nursing plan implementation. This invention aims to reduce the incidence of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis and post-thrombotic syndrome by integrating professional guidance from medical staff, patient self-management, and intelligent support operation of intelligent nursing devices. This invention can improve patient compliance with self-management for preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities by monitoring patients' scales and physiological conditions on a patient terminal. Patient self-management is of great significance in preventing the formation or worsening of DVT.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment, when formulating, confirming, or updating a personalized preventive care plan for a current patient, the medical terminal, based on the scale data obtained from the patient's terminal, queries a medical sample database (see Example 2) for sample cases similar to the current patient regarding the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities. Based on these similar sample cases, at least one sample case that meets the current patient's expected treatment outcome is selected. The current personalized preventive care plan for the patient is then formulated, confirmed, or updated based on this sample case, and the preventive care plan is sent to the patient's terminal as a lower extremity care instruction. The medical sample database, collected over a long period, accumulates validated and practically tested data and experience. By matching patient data with sample cases, the medical terminal can draw upon the pre-stored experience and knowledge in the database, avoiding misjudgments of the patient's condition and making the assessment results more objective and scientific. More importantly, the medical sample database can be used to form a higher-quality standardized training set.

[0014] Here, the patient terminal can pre-set treatment outcomes that align with the patient's current expectations, or the healthcare terminal can execute this pre-set configuration. Personalized preventative care plans can be created by the patient based on their home care situation and entered into the patient terminal; in this case, the healthcare terminal can confirm or update them. Personalized preventative care plans can also be manually pre-set by doctors using the healthcare terminal based on their experience, or they can be created semi-automatically or fully automatically based on scales and similar sample cases.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment, in response to a received lower limb care instruction, the patient terminal controls the care device to execute at least several care modes to match several conditions in the patient's home environment. A monitoring device connected to the patient terminal continuously monitors physiological data related to deep vein thrombosis in the patient's lower limbs and feeds it back to the patient terminal. The patient terminal then sends the physiological data to a medical care terminal, which updates the lower limb care instructions based on the differences between the physiological data and pre-stored patient information. Through the various care modes provided by the patient terminal of this invention, seamless integration between medical institutions and home care can be achieved, ensuring that patients receive continuous and professional nursing guidance during their post-discharge rehabilitation period. Simultaneously, the intelligent and personalized features of this system can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of nursing care, and reduce the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and post-thrombotic syndrome in the lower limbs.

[0016] According to a preferred embodiment, the monitoring device bound to the patient terminal acquires lower limb circumference data and / or lower limb temperature data related to the patient's condition. The patient terminal then subscribes to and sends this data to the medical terminal, which generates a corresponding preventive care plan based on changes in the lower limb circumference and / or lower limb temperature data. The updated preventive care plan is then sent to the patient terminal to update the lower limb care instructions. This invention achieves personalized assessment by providing lower limb care instructions based on risk assessment. Since different patients' lower limb conditions, disease progression, and individual differences all affect the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), by matching patient data with sample cases, the medical terminal can conduct personalized assessments for different patients' specific situations, avoiding a "one-size-fits-all" approach and improving the relevance and practicality of the assessment. Specifically, the medical terminal assesses the probability of DVT formation or worsening in the patient's lower limbs based on items related to DVT in the scale data and the patient's lower limb temperature and swelling level in the physiological data, using a scale scoring method. The healthcare terminal determines the required nursing mode, duration, and intensity for patients based on the probability of deep vein thrombosis or its worsening in the lower extremities. Existing technologies already exist that configure different personalized nursing plans based on patient-disease-related data. For example, CN112820372A discloses a method and system for automatically generating nursing plans. This method uses a disease characteristic database to identify the patient's diagnostic report, obtaining disease characteristic items corresponding to the patient's symptoms. Then, it matches these disease characteristic items with a disease type database to determine the name of the lowest-level disease the patient suffers from. Finally, it combines the patient's basic information with a patient nursing plan database to obtain the patient's personalized nursing plan. This technology, by combining the patient's disease with their personal characteristics, can derive personalized nursing plans tailored to the patient's specific needs, resulting in better nursing outcomes. However, the personalized nursing plans generated in this technical solution are based on those obtained at the initial stage of nursing care. At this point, the patient's physiological parameters determine the specific choice of nursing plan. While the initial nursing plan may match the current patient's physiological data, changes in the patient's physiological data as the nursing process progresses will cause a mismatch between the plan and the actual care, leading to deviations in nursing outcomes. Unlike existing technologies, the medical terminal of this invention can, on the one hand, adjust and update the nursing plan executed by the nursing device in a timely manner based on changes in physiological data fed back from the patient's terminal; on the other hand, it can assess the probability of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) formation or worsening in the patient's lower extremities based on items related to DVT in the scale data and the patient's physiological data.Based on the aforementioned distinguishing technical features, the problem this invention aims to solve can include: how to adjust the nursing plan executed by the nursing device according to the patient's actual physiological data, and assess the patient's risk of deep vein thrombosis or worsening in the lower extremities. Specifically, this invention monitors and analyzes the changes in the patient's physiological data after receiving nursing procedures, and the medical terminal can update the lower extremity nursing instructions in a timely manner. This real-time feedback mechanism allows the nursing plan to be dynamically adjusted according to the patient's actual situation, better meeting the patient's individual needs. This helps improve the pertinence and effectiveness of nursing care and better promotes the patient's recovery. That is, the medical terminal of this invention can achieve correlation adjustment of nursing mode, nursing time, and nursing intensity based on the aforementioned changes in the patient's physiological data and the patient's feedback through the patient terminal, realizing the personalized formulation and dynamic adjustment of the lower extremity nursing plan.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment, the medical care terminal updates the preventive care plan for the corresponding patient based on the nursing effect reported by the patient through their terminal after the nursing operation is performed by the nursing device, or on the patient's physiological data obtained by monitoring equipment. This invention emphasizes the data interaction between the patient terminal and the medical care terminal, and the importance of this interaction in the development of personalized care plans. Through real-time data transmission and sharing, this invention enables medical staff to more accurately understand the patient's condition, thereby developing more appropriate care plans and improving nursing outcomes.

[0018] According to a preferred embodiment, after the medical terminal obtains nursing plans from several sample cases based on scale data, the terminal determines the degree of swelling in the patient's lower limbs by comparing the patient's lower limb circumference data with historical lower limb circumference, and assesses the patient's condition by analyzing changes in lower limb temperature data. This invention, through precise monitoring of lower limb physiological data and combined with post-nursing care effect evaluation, dynamically adjusts lower limb nursing instructions to effectively prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower limbs. This invention ensures that patients receive continuous nursing guidance and support during long-term self-management after discharge, reducing the incidence of DVT and post-thrombotic syndrome.

[0019] According to a preferred embodiment, the lower limb care instruction in the updated nursing plan on the medical terminal involves applying mechanical compression or electrical stimulation to the patient's lower limbs. In this invention, the lower limb care instruction is a targeted care instruction based on the different conditions of the patient's lower limbs. The system for preventing deep vein thrombosis in the lower limbs provided by this invention, through its designed care device and movement patterns, can provide personalized care plans for patients with different conditions, effectively reducing the incidence of deep vein thrombosis and post-thrombotic syndrome in the lower limbs.

[0020] According to a preferred embodiment, the healthcare terminal can, in response to the receipt of an emergency tag, send an updated preventative care plan to the patient terminal, including the current personalized preventative care plan that cancels lower limb care instructions; or, in response to the receipt of the emergency tag, the healthcare terminal can refuse to approve lower limb care instructions intended to be sent from the patient terminal to at least one care device bound to it. When the healthcare terminal assesses that the patient has developed lower limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or has a high risk of developing DVT, the healthcare terminal updates the lower limb care instructions in the care plan to avoid mechanical compression or electrical stimulation of the patient's lower limbs. Mechanical compression after DVT can lead to thrombus detachment and more serious complications. Therefore, the healthcare terminal of this invention aims to achieve accurate querying, matching, specifying, and selecting of lower limb care instructions, providing patients with personalized and efficient home care services. This not only helps improve patients' rehabilitation outcomes and quality of life but also reduces the workload of healthcare personnel and improves the efficiency of medical resource utilization.

[0021] According to a preferred embodiment, when the medical terminal formulates, confirms, or updates a patient's current personalized care plan, the patient's scale data received in a subscription or real-time mode is annotated in the medical sample database in a manner related to the patient's personalized care plan, thereby making the medical sample database a standardized training set. For example, when the medical terminal formulates a patient's current personalized care plan, medical staff annotate the formulated personalized care plan based on the patient's condition information, so that the patient terminal can remind or provide feedback to the patient at several time points when executing lower limb care instructions. Furthermore, medical staff can annotate the patient's lower limb care plan through the medical terminal or further improve it according to the patient's condition to conform to the patient's current venous thrombosis risk assessment results. This invention, by annotating lower limb care instructions, can ensure the accuracy and professionalism of care instructions. Annotation can include information such as the steps of the care operation, precautions, and expected effects, providing clear guidance for the execution of the care device. This helps reduce operational errors and improve the quality and safety of care. At the same time, this professionally and continuously annotated high-quality medical sample database itself is a high-quality training set.

[0022] Through the preferred embodiments of the present invention described above, the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities becomes possible in the home environment. Artificial intelligence will be increasingly used in patient care assessment and DVT prevention. The embodiments of the present invention enable home-based care with an automated closed-loop control system, integrating feedback control and artificial intelligence into the home care system, thereby improving patient adherence to established treatment plans and enabling rapid adaptation to new or changing treatment strategies. In the future, intelligent support systems will use data on similar condition analyses and disease patterns previously collected from patients by the present invention to personalize care plans. This care system can more accurately predict the impact of certain care measures on patients and use these measures in their care plans, thereby promoting individualized care. Several monitoring devices can be more widely used to popularize them in the home environment. The present invention aims to determine how to better utilize such innovations and the acquired datasets for critically ill patients to improve their quality of recovery. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware topology of a system for preventing deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a simplified schematic diagram illustrating data interaction between a patient terminal and a medical care terminal according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a simplified flowchart illustrating the system execution steps for preventing deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is the visual simulation rating scale used in the system of this invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is another visual simulation rating scale used in the system of this invention.

[0028] List of reference numerals

[0029] 100: Medical terminal; 200: Patient terminal; 300: Nursing device; 400: Monitoring equipment; 401: Lower limb circumference detection unit; 402: Lower limb temperature detection unit; 403: Blood flow detection unit; 500: HIS system. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The following is a detailed explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] Currently, the main treatments for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities are anticoagulation and thrombolysis. There is a 10% recurrence rate within one year after treatment for DVT, and these recurrent DVTs are highly susceptible to post-thrombosis syndrome (PTS). Patients need outpatient self-management during the treatment period (3-6 months) and for one year after treatment completion to prevent recurrence. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce an outpatient nursing management system to intervene in patient recurrence and reduce the incidence of DVT and PTS. Since post-discharge self-management is a long-term process, effective intervention and continuous care at home are crucial for preventing subsequent recurrence. Because DVT often presents with no obvious clinical symptoms, patients recovering at home may experience insidious onset, leading to delayed and ineffective intervention. This is a technical problem that this invention aims to address.

[0033] This invention provides a system for preventing deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a medical terminal 100 for medical staff to input patient personal and medical information, a patient terminal 200 connected to the medical terminal 100 for acquiring scale data related to deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities, and a nursing device 300 for receiving lower extremity nursing instructions from the patient terminal 200 and performing nursing operations according to the instructions. According to the present invention, the patient terminal 200 primarily provides scale data related to deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities to the medical terminal 100 via a subscription model to reduce unnecessary follow-up visits.

[0034] In this invention, the nursing device 300 can be several intelligent devices capable of providing care for the patient's lower limbs in a home environment (the patient terminal 200 can serve as the intelligent control component of the nursing device 300, or the patient terminal 200 can be independently configured and connected to the nursing device 300 for data interconnection). For example, it can be an intermittent air pump or an air wave pressure device to provide contact massage to several points on the patient's lower limbs, thereby promoting venous blood return at those points and preventing blood stasis. The nursing device 300 can establish a data and control signal connection with the patient terminal 200 wirelessly or via wired means, and then establish a direct or indirect connection with the medical terminal 100.

[0035] The patient terminal 200 can be a smart device or a mobile terminal device for performing the methods of the present invention, which can, for example, establish a binding relationship or data association with portable monitoring devices such as wristbands and dedicated health monitoring devices.

[0036] In this invention, the monitoring device 400 associated with the patient terminal 200 may include a lower limb circumference detection unit 401, a lower limb temperature detection unit 402, and / or a blood flow detection unit 403. The blood flow detection unit 403 may be the aforementioned bioelectrical impedance monitoring instrument or ultrasound diagnostic instrument to obtain hemodynamic parameters of the patient's lower limbs. The lower limb circumference detection unit 401 may be a measuring band that directly wraps around the patient's lower limb for measurement. The measuring band is made of an elastic material to ensure a close fit to lower limbs of different sizes while maintaining a certain degree of elasticity. The measuring band may have graduations or a ruler so that the patient can directly read the circumference data and input it into the patient terminal 200.

[0037] Furthermore, the lower limb circumference detection unit 401 can also integrate a measuring band and a sensor. To obtain more accurate measurement data, displacement sensors (such as draw-wire displacement sensors, potentiometers, etc.) or optical sensors can be used to detect the stretching of the measuring band. Thus, the patient terminal 200 can determine the current circumference of the patient's lower limb by observing changes in the stretching. The lower limb circumference detection unit 401 can monitor the circumference of multiple key parts of the lower limb, such as the calf and thigh. Through periodic or continuous measurements by the lower limb circumference detection unit 401, the patient terminal 200 can obtain data on changes in lower limb circumference, providing a basis for assessing lower limb swelling. Circumference data reflects lower limb swelling and is one of the important indicators for assessing the risk of deep vein thrombosis in the lower limbs.

[0038] Furthermore, the lower limb temperature detection unit 402 can be designed as a skin patch, which can be attached to the skin surface of the lower limbs for extended periods, especially in distal limbs with a higher risk of thrombosis, particularly in the foot area such as the sole. The patch's built-in temperature sensor can monitor lower limb temperature in real time and transmit the data to the patient terminal 200. Temperature changes are one of the early manifestations of deep vein thrombosis in the lower limbs; therefore, real-time monitoring of lower limb temperature helps in the timely detection of potential risks. This invention, by designing the temperature monitoring device as a skin patch, ensures comfort and convenience for patients using it at home.

[0039] like Figure 2As shown, the patient terminal 200 feeds back the current patient's scale data related to deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities to the medical terminal 100 located in the medical institution, and at the same time feeds back the lower extremity care instructions from the nursing device 300 related to the scale data to the medical terminal 100. Here, the lower extremity care instructions are intended to be approved by the medical terminal 100 and sent by the patient terminal 200 to at least one nursing device 300 bound to it. After obtaining the scale data related to the patient's deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities, the medical terminal 100 retrieves and analyzes sample cases of preventing deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities, so as to formulate, confirm or update the patient's current personalized preventive care plan based on the obtained scale data related to the corresponding patient, and sends the preventive care plan to the patient terminal 200 in the form of lower extremity care instructions. At this point, for other nursing information unrelated to nursing instructions in the preventive care plan, such as patient education programs, this information, due to its universality, is usually synchronized from the medical terminal 100 or HIS system to the patient terminal 200 during the patient consultation. This includes large files such as audio and video information that are inconvenient to transmit via the internet. Therefore, based on the basic nursing strategies learned during the hospital consultation, patients can receive professional guidance during home care according to their own prognosis, referring to sample cases.

[0040] Preferably, as Figure 2 As shown, the patient terminal 200 can also send feedback to the medical terminal 100 located in the medical institution regarding the patient's scale data related to deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities and requests for lower extremity care instructions related to the scale data to obtain information provided by the medical terminal 100 (e.g., when the medical terminal 100 is connected to the HIS system 500 and interconnected in terms of data) and / or obtain feedback from medical staff on the scale data given by the medical terminal 100. The patient terminal 200 controls the nursing device 300 to perform nursing operations according to the received lower extremity care instructions. During home care, when setting up a preventive care plan, the patient can use the patient terminal 200 to send "scale data" along with "requests for lower limb care instructions related to the scale data" to obtain a preventive care plan manually set by the medical terminal 100, which includes lower limb care instructions. Furthermore, when the medical terminal 100 is connected to the HIS system 500 and the data is interconnected, the patient can also obtain other information through the medical terminal 100 to help the patient understand other information in the preventive care plan besides the lower limb care instructions.

[0041] Preferably, the patient terminal 200 can send self-tested scale data fed back by the patient through the patient terminal 200 or patient physiological data (also as scale data) obtained by a monitoring device 400 (e.g., data collected by another third-party medical institution using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer or ultrasound diagnostic instrument to collect the patient's venous blood flow) to the medical care terminal 100 located within the medical institution. It also sends a query request to the medical care terminal 100 for sample cases of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis prevention, so that the medical care terminal 100 can filter sample cases with similar scale data or physiological data from a medical sample database connected to it (e.g., medical personnel operating the medical care terminal 100) based on the patient's current nursing feedback. In this way, patients can fully utilize the convenience of home and nearby medical care, continue to receive professional guidance from their original attending physician, and avoid a large number of follow-up visits that would crowd out scarce expert resources.

[0042] In other words, after obtaining scale data related to deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the patient's lower extremities, the medical terminal 100 retrieves medical sample databases to screen sample cases that meet the expected effect of preventing DVT based on the patient's current condition determined by the scale data. The preventive care plan is then applied to develop a personalized preventive care plan for the patient, and this plan is sent to the patient terminal 200 as a lower extremity care instruction. In this invention, the patient's right to autonomy is fully considered during home care. The patient can use the patient terminal 200 to provide more rational feedback on their desired "expected effect of preventing DVT," thereby improving the quality of care and optimizing the doctor-patient relationship.

[0043] Nursing care for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities includes, but is not limited to, lower extremity care instructions, as well as medication management, lifestyle modifications, regular monitoring, and patient education.

[0044] The lower limb care instructions cover compression therapy, lower limb elevation, massage, and electrical stimulation therapy. Compression therapy uses graded compression stockings to promote blood return in the lower limbs; the daily wearing time and method are defined in detail by the lower limb care instructions. Following the lower limb care instructions, patients are advised to elevate their lower limbs several times a day, for 15-30 minutes each time, to reduce lower limb edema and promote venous return. Moderate massage of the lower limbs, following the adapted lower limb care instructions, promotes blood circulation, avoiding deep massage in the presence of thrombosis. Electrical stimulation therapy is also defined in detail by the lower limb care instructions to accurately use the electrical stimulation device to promote muscle contraction and blood circulation; its specific frequency and intensity are also defined in detail by the lower limb care instructions. The process and results of the nursing operations performed by the nursing device 300 will be recorded by the patient terminal 200 and sent to the healthcare terminal 100 via subscription or other data transmission methods.

[0045] Medication management includes the use of anticoagulation therapy and antiplatelet drugs. Anticoagulation therapy requires the use of anticoagulants (such as rivaroxaban, warfarin, low molecular weight heparin, etc.) as prescribed by a doctor, and regular monitoring of coagulation function is necessary to adjust the dosage. Antiplatelet drugs are suitable for high-risk patients to prevent thrombosis. Lifestyle modifications include: advising patients to follow a high-fiber, low-fat, low-salt diet, maintain a healthy weight, increase fluid intake to avoid dehydration; encouraging moderate exercise, such as walking and swimming, to promote blood circulation; avoiding prolonged sitting or standing; engaging in short bursts of activity every hour; quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption to improve vascular health and reduce the risk of thrombosis. Regular monitoring includes daily monitoring of lower extremity skin temperature, swelling, and pain; regular measurement of blood pressure and weight; regular lower extremity ultrasound examinations to monitor venous blood flow and thrombosis; and regular testing of blood D-dimer levels to assess the risk of thrombosis. Patient education includes educating patients to recognize early symptoms of DVT, such as unilateral limb swelling, pain, and changes in skin temperature; emphasizing the importance of taking medication on time and how to take it correctly; and instructing patients to seek immediate medical attention when acute symptoms occur, such as sudden difficulty breathing, chest pain, and severe leg pain. By comprehensively implementing the above preventive care measures, patients can effectively understand their expected prognosis and, through the patient terminal 200, express their desired prognostic outcomes to the healthcare terminal 100. The healthcare terminal 100 can then use the patient's current condition determined by the scale data to select sample cases that meet the expected outcomes of preventing lower extremity deep vein thrombosis and apply their preventive care plans to develop personalized preventive care plans for the current patients.

[0046] Therefore, the preventive care program according to the present invention is personalized based on the specific circumstances of the corresponding patient and a sample case that meets the expected effect of preventing deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities, in order to meet the expectations of the corresponding patient and be reviewed by the doctor.

[0047] Preferably, the care device 300 worn on the patient's lower limbs can be controlled by the patient terminal 200 based on lower limb care instructions to massage several points on the patient's lower limbs. These lower limb care instructions will include specific exercise patterns, exercise duration, exercise intensity, and exercise type to ensure the patient receives the most suitable care plan. Based on regularly subscribed feedback data from the relevant patient terminal 200, medical staff can use the medical terminal 100 to modify or annotate the lower limb care instructions related to the feedback data from the relevant patient terminal 200, based on preventive care plans from sample cases that meet the expected effects of preventing deep vein thrombosis in the lower limbs, to avoid harm to the patient due to incorrect care methods. The resulting annotations are also merged into the medical sample database in a standardized format, thereby updating the medical sample database to gradually form a standardized training set for training the artificial intelligence-assisted nursing system.

[0048] Preferably, the patient terminal 200 can update the lower limb care instructions based on changes in the patient's physiological data after receiving care procedures. That is, the patient terminal 200 itself can adjust the lower limb care instructions executed by the care device 300 based on the care effects reflected in the changes in physiological data. Preferably, if the care device 300 determines that the current lower limb care instructions have a positive effect based on the patient's feedback or changes in physiological data, it can maintain the current care plan. The physiological data here may include changes in the patient's lower limb swelling (i.e., circumference), temperature changes, and hemodynamic parameters. When periodically subscribing to relevant feedback data from the patient terminal 200, the patient terminal 200 not only provides feedback to the medical terminal 100 on the physiological data changes during the execution of the first care plan—"a preventive care plan that was personalized based on the specific condition of the corresponding patient in the previous subscription period to meet the expected effect of preventing deep vein thrombosis in the lower limbs"—but also provides feedback on the lower limb care instructions of the second care plan, which is automatically updated by the care device 300 based on the first care plan, and the physiological data changes during the execution of the second care plan.

[0049] The second nursing plan, based on the first nursing plan, is sent by the patient terminal 200 to the medical terminal 100 in the next subscription cycle. If the medical terminal 100 determines that the current lower limb nursing instruction has a negative effect based on the patient's feedback or changes in physiological data, the medical terminal 100 updates (confirms) the currently adopted second nursing plan and merges the updated second nursing plan (which may have doctor annotations) into the medical sample database in a standardized format, relative to the first nursing plan that was previously generated solely based on sample cases.

[0050] To update the primary care protocol, specifically, patient terminal 200 can determine the required intensity of care based on the patient's pain tolerance derived from scale data. Patient terminal 200 uses patient pain ratings from scale data (e.g., standardized pain rating scales from patient self-report data, see...) Figure 4 The pain tolerance of a patient is determined by their feedback on the intensity of care provided by the nursing device 300 during the nursing procedures. The standardized pain rating scales used in this invention, such as the Facial Pain Scale (FPS) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), are commonly used tools for assessing pain intensity. Figure 5As shown. In the home care scenario of this invention, the patient terminal 200 can intuitively select the facial expression that best matches the patient's feeling from the Facial Expression Scale (FPS) or Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to form scale data for pain assessment. Alternatively, the patient terminal 200 can capture facial videos during treatment as scale data and send them to the medical terminal 100, which will calculate the patient's current pain score automatically, semi-automatically, or manually.

[0051] Here, the patient terminal 200 can update the intensity of electrical stimulation of the patient's lower limbs by the nursing device 300 in the lower limb care instruction based on the patient's pain tolerance. For example, if the patient's pain tolerance is higher than the pain level of the electrical stimulation, the patient terminal 200 updates the lower limb care instruction to allow the nursing device 300 to perform orderly, continuous, high-intensity electrical stimulation at several points on the patient's lower limbs to promote muscle contraction and spasm. If the patient's pain tolerance is lower than the pain level of the electrical stimulation, the medical terminal 100 updates the lower limb care instruction to allow the nursing device 300 to perform time-segmented, low-intensity electrical stimulation at several points on the patient's lower limbs. The aforementioned time-segmented, low-intensity electrical stimulation refers to the medical terminal 100 updating the lower limb care instruction of the nursing device 300 to perform electrical stimulation on the patient's lower limbs at a high frequency and in multiple time segments under low-intensity electrical stimulation. For example, after the patient terminal 200 updates the lower limb care instruction, the nursing device 300 can complete the electrical stimulation at two lower limb stimulation points per hour, thereby avoiding continuous pain for the patient. In the case of home care, the patient's pain tolerance can also be determined by the medical terminal 100 through the scale data fed back by the patient terminal 200 in the next subscription cycle, so as to ensure the safety of the care process.

[0052] In the next subscription cycle, the healthcare terminal 100 adjusts the nursing intensity determined in the previous subscription cycle based on the patient's actual condition, and gradually adjusts it as the rehabilitation progresses. That is, while the healthcare terminal 100 adjusts the nursing intensity of the nursing device 300 according to the patient's rehabilitation progress, the healthcare terminal 100 judges whether the current preventive care plan meets the patient's expectations for the nursing effect based on feedback from the patient terminal 200 (e.g., changes in patient physiological data obtained by the monitoring device 400). The rehabilitation progress can be determined by the healthcare terminal 100 using scale data (such as physiological data) provided by the patient terminal 200 and pathological data obtained from the HIS system, through scale scoring. Therefore, in each subscription cycle following the patient's rehabilitation progress, the preventive care plan can be continuously updated, and it can be sent to the patient terminal 200 in the form of lower limb care instructions to adjust the nursing operations of the nursing device 300 to perform rehabilitation training in accordance with the patient's expected nursing effect.

[0053] The invention allows for the development, validation, or updating of personalized preventative care plans for patients, optimizing nursing outcomes and reducing the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities. Its closed-loop feedback mechanism ensures the accuracy and effectiveness of nursing procedures in meeting patients' expected care outcomes. It also ensures that patients receive continuous nursing guidance and support in their long-term self-management after discharge, significantly reducing the number of follow-up visits and the consumption of hospital nursing and treatment resources. Furthermore, it significantly reduces the incidence of DVT and post-thrombotic syndrome in the lower extremities and simultaneously establishes or updates a standardized medical sample database, which is beneficial for the subsequent development of artificial intelligence products.

[0054] According to a preferred embodiment, the steps of the medical care terminal 100 in formulating, confirming, or updating the current personalized preventive care plan for the patient include: screening several sample cases related to the current patient's condition based on the matching of scale data obtained by the patient terminal 200 with the sample cases for preventing deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities; and conducting a comprehensive assessment of the current patient's status (including venous thrombosis risk assessment, nursing effect assessment, etc.) based on the patient's personal information, physiological information, and pathological information (from the HIS system 500, or read from a third-party software system, or manually entered by the doctor for follow-up examination results). The nursing plans in the several sample cases screened by the medical care terminal 100 are then further formulated, confirmed, or updated based on the patient's personal information and condition information stored in the HIS system 500 to create the personalized preventive care plan for the current patient to be sent to the patient terminal 200.

[0055] Preferably, during a subscription period, the healthcare terminal 100 receives scale data and physiological data from the patient terminal 200. The scale data and physiological data are self-measured data taken by the patient in their home environment, for example, using monitoring equipment 400, and serve as a direct reflection of their current condition. The healthcare terminal 100 compares and queries the scale data from each subscription period with sample cases of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis prevention in a medical sample database to select several sample cases with high similarity to the scale data. These sample cases include similar personal circumstances, disease conditions, physiological data, and pathological data, thereby selecting nursing plans that meet the patient's expected nursing outcomes.

[0056] Preferably, the medical terminal 100 can adjust and match nursing plans related to several sample cases based on physiological data. In other words, the medical terminal 100 can adjust the nursing plan based on the nursing plans of several sample cases, taking into account the patient's personalized physiological data. This is because although the nursing plans of several sample cases are formulated based on historical experience and professional knowledge, at least one of the following "personal condition, illness, physiological data, and pathological data" does not match the current patient. Therefore, when the medical terminal 100 selects sample cases from the medical sample database, if at least one of the following "personal condition, illness, physiological data, and pathological data" does not match the current patient, the medical terminal 100 is prompted to initiate a "nursing plan adjustment" procedure. This prompts the doctor to assess the patient's specific condition based on physiological data and provide the adjusted nursing plan to the medical terminal 100. The personalized nursing plan after the "nursing plan adjustment" procedure is then sent as a preventive nursing plan to the corresponding patient terminal 200 as a lower limb nursing instruction, applicable to the patient's lower limb care. The adjustment includes at least adjustments to parameters such as the nursing mode, nursing time, and nursing intensity of the nursing device 300 in the lower limb nursing instructions, to ensure that the nursing plan can meet the patient's recovery expectations to the greatest extent.

[0057] In this embodiment of the invention, the scale data can include the patient's awareness of the disease (e.g., the frequency and extent of use of graded compression stockings), records of the patient's self-management behavior (e.g., lower limb exercise time, frequency, and adherence to regular anticoagulation), and the completion of several self-assessment scales (e.g., the Villalta score for the patient's self-assessment of several items including pain and cramps, or outpatient assessment, or online medical staff follow-up assessment). The Villalta score assesses the sequelae of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), such as post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), through two parts: subjective symptoms and objective signs. The subjective symptom table and objective sign table are shown below.

[0058] Subjective symptoms

[0059] symptom None (0 points) Light (1 point) Medium (2 points) Heavy (3 points) pain swelling heaviness hardened skin itching cone sensation

[0060] Objective signs

[0061] physical signs None (0 points) Light (1 point) Medium (2 points) Heavy (3 points) skin pigmentation Skin hardening ulcer Varicose veins

[0062] Patient terminal 200 can self-interpret the score by entering relevant data:

[0063] 0-4 points: No PTS;

[0064] 5-9 points: Mild PTS;

[0065] 10-14 points: Moderate PTS;

[0066] ≥15 points or active ulcers: severe PTS.

[0067] When a patient retrieves the Villalta scoring system through their patient terminal 200 and fills in the data, they will receive a total score. For example, the patient in the table below has a total score of 12 points:

[0068] Symptoms / signs Score pain 2 swelling 1 heaviness 2 hardened skin 0 itching 1 cone sensation 1 skin pigmentation 2 Skin hardening 1 ulcer 0 Varicose veins 2 Total Score 12

[0069] The patient's total score is 12 points. The patient terminal 200 can display this score to the patient and inform them that this indicates moderate PTS. After obtaining relevant scale data from the patient terminal 200, the healthcare terminal 100 determines, based on the latest scale data and the patient's historical scale data, that the patient is currently in a state of moderate venous insufficiency during the recovery process after DVT and still requires appropriate treatment and management. This determines or updates the treatment and management plan provided to the nursing device 300.

[0070] Therefore, the patient terminal 200 can also perform self-risk assessment of the patient's current DVT recurrence rate and post-thrombotic syndrome incidence based on the data obtained from the above-mentioned scales.

[0071] Specifically, the scale data is acquired through several methods, including the healthcare terminal 100 pre-setting the data within the patient terminal 200 during the initial consultation based on the patient's condition. The scale is used for: checking whether the patient still experiences pain and venous swelling in both lower limbs during home rehabilitation; having the patient or their family gently press on areas of deep vein swelling to assess tenderness; and observing whether superficial vein dilation has any adverse effects and whether the skin color and temperature of both lower limbs are normal. In addition to these methods, the patient terminal 200 also captures images or videos of the patient's corresponding limbs, providing them to the healthcare terminal 100 with accompanying annotations. The healthcare terminal 100 can then use image analysis to manually, automatically, or semi-automatically determine the scores for objective signs, such as skin pigmentation, skin hardening, ulcers, or varicose veins. Thus, the scale data can be collected on the patient terminal 200 and used by the healthcare terminal 100 to periodically conduct risk assessments for the patient according to a subscription. If the healthcare terminal 100 determines that a patient has a high risk of DVT formation or worsening, the healthcare terminal 100 can send an early warning signal to the patient terminal 200, which will then notify the patient to go to a medical institution for a color Doppler ultrasound examination or lower extremity venography. Furthermore, even if the patient does not experience any of the aforementioned symptoms during recovery, the patient terminal 200 can periodically remind the patient to undergo a color Doppler ultrasound examination to confirm the presence of thrombosis or the formation of new thrombosis.

[0072] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medical care terminal 100 collects multiple sets of data from multiple patient terminals 200 through a periodic subscription method, rather than the patient terminals 200 querying the medical care terminal 100 anytime and anywhere. The frequency of periodic data collection can be adjusted according to the patient's risk level and recovery stage. This significantly utilizes effective medical resources, covering a wider range of patients, while also forming a consistent data structure through periodic subscription, ensuring data standardization. Furthermore, it utilizes a pre-set scale scoring standard within the medical care terminal 100 (this standard and its interpretation can also be loaded into the patient terminals 200 for self-assessment) to form a standardized assessment labeling and scoring mechanism. This facilitates the formation of a structured, anonymized training set with richer data dimensions, which is of great significance for the development of artificial intelligence products for elderly care.

[0073] The advantage of this invention lies in the fact that the method for developing a personalized preventive care plan for the patient is based on a retrieval of sample cases for preventing deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities and on annotations made by medical personnel on the selected sample cases. These annotations can be prevention-related annotations recorded in the sample cases themselves or dynamic annotations made by medical personnel based on the patient's current condition. The medical terminal 100 feeds back lower extremity care instructions to the patient terminal 200 based on the sample cases and the relevant annotations made by the medical personnel, allowing the patient to control the care device 300. Medical personnel can ensure the accuracy and professionalism of the care instructions by annotating them. The annotations can include information such as the steps of the care operation, precautions, and expected effects, providing clear guidance for the execution of the care device, thereby helping to reduce operational errors and improve the quality and safety of care. Since these preventive care plans can be combined with a previously formed training set containing only scale data to analyze the relationship between diverse preventive care plans and the changing trends of scale data, this can be further used to train artificial intelligence-based rehabilitation programs. Therefore, a significant aspect of the present invention is that the preventive care plan sent from the patient terminal 200 to the nursing device 300 also constitutes one or more of the standardized data.

[0074] Preferably, the medical terminal 100 can assess the patient's risk of developing or worsening deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities based on the scale data provided by the patient terminal 200, including items related to DVT in the scales and the patient's lower extremity temperature and swelling levels in the physiological data, using a scale scoring method. Based on this risk probability, the medical terminal 100 can determine or update the required nursing care mode, duration, and intensity for the patient. For example, the medical terminal 100 can use existing scale scoring rules (such as the Autar DVT Risk Assessment Scale, Wells scale, and RAPT score for assessing DVT formation) to determine the severity of the patient's condition, which can be considered the patient's risk probability of developing or worsening DVT. For example, if the healthcare terminal 100 determines that the patient has a low risk of developing or worsening deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities but experiences severe lower extremity swelling, the healthcare terminal 100 shortens the time interval between each nursing intervention by increasing the frequency of nursing device 300's nursing instruction in the lower extremity nursing plan. If the healthcare terminal 100 determines that the patient has a low risk of developing or worsening deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities and the lower extremity swelling has subsided, the healthcare terminal 100 extends the nursing device 300's nursing instruction interval in the lower extremity nursing plan to avoid patient fatigue. Thus, the healthcare terminal 100 completes the development, confirmation, or update of the patient's current personalized preventive care plan within the subscription period.

[0075] According to an alternative embodiment of this invention, the system of the present invention may not employ a subscription model during product development, but instead operate in a real-time feedback manner. That is, the system of the present invention can transition from a subscription model centered on home care to a real-time feedback model centered on telemedicine.

[0076] In this alternative embodiment, if the healthcare terminal 100 determines, based on the scale data acquired during the first subscription period, that a patient's risk of DVT formation or worsening exceeds a preset threshold, it sends a first warning signal to the corresponding patient's terminal 200. Upon receiving the first warning signal, the patient terminal 200 can switch from a subscription mode centered on home care to a real-time feedback mode centered on telemedicine. In the real-time feedback mode, the data connection established between the patient terminal 200 and the healthcare terminal 100 has a higher data transmission and reception frequency than during the first subscription period. That is, the real-time feedback mode has a high-frequency second subscription period, and its data is still transmitted and received in a subscription mode, with the transmission and reception frequency increasing, for example, from once per month to 15 times per month, or even 20 to 30 times per month. In the real-time feedback mode, the patient terminal 200, in particular, applies high-frequency data acquisition commands to the monitoring device 400; for non-wearable monitoring devices, the acquisition frequency is at least equivalent to the frequency of SMS or instant messaging reminders.

[0077] Furthermore, in the real-time feedback mode, for example, if the scale data provided by the nursing device 300 and the medical terminal 100 assesses that the corresponding patient has not developed deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities or has a low risk of developing DVT, the medical terminal 100 can also update the lower extremity care instructions in the preventive care plan in real time to apply mechanical compression or electrical stimulation to the patient's lower extremities to promote venous blood return. If the scale data provided by the nursing device 300 and the medical terminal 100 assesses that the patient has developed DVT in the lower extremities or has a high risk of developing DVT, the medical terminal 100 can update the lower extremity care instructions in the care plan to avoid applying mechanical compression or electrical stimulation to the patient's lower extremities to prevent possible thrombus detachment. The real-time feedback mode of the system of this invention is beneficial for remotely training patients and their families to become familiar with the basic usage of the system and the basic usage of the linked nursing device 300 and monitoring device 400 during the initial stages of home care, thereby generating meaningful scale data for future data subscription.

[0078] Furthermore, patients may develop deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in their lower extremities if they experience pain, discoloration, increased temperature, or swelling. The nursing care required after a recurrence of DVT differs significantly from that before the initial thrombosis. To prevent thrombus detachment, the patient's care plan must strictly prohibit heat application or any mechanical compression, as this could lead to pulmonary embolism. Therefore, individualized nursing care tailored to the patient's specific condition is essential. Before DVT develops, mechanical compression promotes venous blood return to the heart, prevents venous congestion in the lower extremities, and helps alleviate symptoms such as swelling and pain. However, mechanical compression after DVT has occurred can cause thrombus detachment, leading to more serious complications. Therefore, the medical care terminal 100 of the present invention can respond to the severity of the scale data provided by the nursing device 300 to select whether to switch from a subscription mode centered on home care to a real-time feedback mode centered on telemedicine. This not only enables accurate querying, matching, specifying and selecting of lower limb care instructions during home care, providing patients with personalized and efficient home care services, but also helps to avoid medical risks in serious situations, improve patients' rehabilitation effects and quality of life, reduce the workload of medical staff, and improve the utilization efficiency of medical resources.

[0079] The embodiments described in this invention realize home-based environmental care with closed-loop control. By integrating feedback control technology into the home care system, it enhances patient adherence to established treatment plans, enabling them to quickly adapt to new or changing treatment strategies, starting from a real-time feedback mode. Furthermore, with intelligent support, it collects disease analysis and condition pattern data from patients in a subscription model, allowing for the development of long-term personalized care plans for home-based patients. This care system can more accurately predict the impact of specific care measures on patients and incorporate these measures into their care plans, thereby promoting the personalization of care programs.

[0080] Example 2

[0081] In this embodiment, a medical sample database is also constructed for the system for preventing deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities described in the foregoing embodiments. This medical sample database covers data such as different types of scales, rehabilitation programs, and rehabilitation effects. It is evident that during the operation of the system of this invention, numerous terminals will access and update the medical sample database from the perspectives of patients, doctors, family members, and even rehabilitation equipment manufacturers, and may even create new data tables within the medical sample database. These accessed and updated data also constitute part of the medical sample database, taking the form of new data, new access records, access frequencies, or even corrections to the dataset or labels related to data correlation. These can collectively form a high-quality, professionally labeled training set for the training and development of subsequent related products. In other words, in this invention, "formulating, confirming, or updating" can be understood as creating new data tables, confirming the correctness and correlation of data, and updating sample cases over time.

[0082] The database structure of the medical sample database according to this embodiment includes: a patient information table (PatientInfo), a scale data table (AssessmentData), a rehabilitation plan table (TreatmentPlans), a rehabilitation outcome table (TreatmentOutcomes), a sample case table (SampleCases), and a care instruction table (CareInstructions). The lower limb care instructions in the medical sample database of this invention are targeted care instructions based on different conditions of the patient's lower limbs; in response to the received lower limb care instructions, the patient terminal 200 controls the care device 300 to execute at least several care modes to match several conditions in the patient's home environment.

[0083] Table 1. Patient Information Form

[0084] field name Data types describe PatientID INT Patient unique identifier Name VARCHAR Patient Name Age INT Patient age Gender VARCHAR Patient gender ContactInfo VARCHAR contact information

[0085] 2. Assessment Data Table

[0086] field name Data types describe AssessmentID INT Unique identifier for scale data PatientID INT Patient unique identifier Type VARCHAR Scale type (e.g., Autar, Wells, RAPT, Pain, Villalta) Date DATE Data record date Score FLOAT Scale scores Details TEXT Detailed data from the scale

[0087] 3. Treatment Plans

[0088]

[0089] 4. Treatment Outcomes Table

[0090]

[0091] 5. Sample Cases

[0092]

[0093] 6. Care Instructions Sheet

[0094]

[0095] Based on the medical sample database provided in this example, the system for preventing deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities according to the present invention can select similar medical records from the database based on the current patient's scores on various scales, current physiological indicators, medication status, and historical medical records. It then updates the preventive care plan based on the historical treatment / rehabilitation protocols and effects of these similar medical records, in order to confirm (apply), reject (cancel), or revise (update) the lower extremity care instructions related to the scale data to be sent to the patient terminal 200. Thus, the lower extremity care instructions executed by the care device 300 are updated with the goal of achieving a rehabilitation effect determined in relation to the current patient's scale data.

[0096] The medical sample database of this invention aims to reduce the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and post-thrombotic syndrome in the lower extremities by integrating professional guidance from healthcare professionals, patient self-management, and intelligent support from the intelligent nursing device 300. This medical sample database can improve patient adherence to self-management for preventing DVT by monitoring patient scale data and acquiring and monitoring physiological data via the patient terminal 200. Furthermore, patient self-management is crucial for preventing DVT recurrence.

[0097] Preferably, the recovery or deterioration trends of sample cases in the medical sample database are also used to match and update preventive care programs. Specifically, the system for preventing deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities of the present invention determines the recovery effect under the current preventive care program based on the current patient's scores on various scales and physiological indicators, thereby forming a recovery or deterioration trend over time; by comparing the recovery or deterioration trend with sample cases in the medical sample database, similar cases that can be used to update the preventive care program are identified.

[0098] Furthermore, the medical sample database of the present invention can be further divided into sample types according to the patient's condition, such as patients with the first type of condition (e.g., patients with severe condition and limited mobility), patients with the second type of condition (e.g., patients with mild condition and good mobility), and patients with the third type of condition (e.g., patients who need comprehensive rehabilitation), so as to facilitate the targeted development of artificial intelligence products.

[0099] When developing products, the system of the previous embodiments of this invention may not adopt a subscription model, but instead operate in a real-time feedback manner. This real-time feedback allows for high-frequency database updates, facilitating the targeted development of artificial intelligence products. For example, after the medical terminal 100 obtains nursing plans from several sample cases based on scale data provided by the patient terminal 200, the medical terminal 100 can determine the current trend of swelling in the patient's lower limbs by comparing the patient's lower limb circumference data with historical lower limb circumferences, and determine the patient's blood circulation status based on the trend of lower limb temperature data to assess the patient's condition. Furthermore, the medical terminal 100 completes the assessment of the risk of deep vein thrombosis in the lower limbs based on the patient's lower limb swelling, temperature changes, blood circulation status, and scale data (including the patient's lower limb skin color, pain score, and subjective sensation of numbness).

[0100] Example 3

[0101] This embodiment is a supplement to the above embodiment, and repeated content will not be described again.

[0102] This invention also relates to a method for preventing deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the steps include:

[0103] S1: The medical terminal 100 inputs the patient's basic information and condition information to establish a patient file.

[0104] S2: Patients periodically input scale data and / or physiological data related to deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities or the nursing process through the patient terminal 200. The scale data includes, but is not limited to, the Autar DVT formation risk assessment scale, the Wells scale, the RAPT score, the pain rating scale, the Villalta score, etc.

[0105] S3: The patient terminal 200 sends the collected scale data to the medical terminal 100 via the Internet. Preferably, if the medical terminal 100 determines that the patient has a high risk of DVT formation or worsening, the medical terminal 100 can send an early warning signal to the patient terminal 200, so that the patient terminal 200 can notify the patient to go to a medical institution to complete a color Doppler ultrasound examination or lower extremity venography.

[0106] S4: The medical terminal 100 formulates a personalized nursing plan based on the matching of the received scale data and physiological data with the sample cases of prevention of deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities queried from the medical sample database, and sends the lower extremity nursing instructions to the patient terminal 200.

[0107] S5: After receiving the lower limb care instruction, the patient terminal 200 controls the nursing device 300 to perform the corresponding nursing operation.

[0108] S6: The patient terminal 200 provides real-time feedback on the execution status of the nursing device 300 to the medical terminal 100, so that medical staff can understand the patient's nursing status in a timely manner and adjust the lower limb nursing instructions as needed through the medical terminal 100.

[0109] In this embodiment, the medical terminal 100, in addition to considering only the scale data fed back by the patient terminal 200, also obtains other physiological data of the patient from the hospital. Taking unilateral lower extremity deep vein thrombosis monitoring as an example, the scale data used in this embodiment is as follows:

[0110] The scale data obtained and provided by the patient terminal 200 are as follows.

[0111] Lower extremity circumference measurement: Measure the circumference of the lower leg and thigh of the affected and unaffected limbs using a soft measuring tape, and record the numerical changes at the same locations. Lower extremity skin temperature: Measure the skin temperature of the affected and unaffected limbs, and record the differences to assess possible inflammation or circulatory problems. Lower extremity skin color: Assess potential circulatory problems or infections by observing and recording changes in skin color.

[0112] Lower extremity tenderness: The location and degree of tenderness were assessed by pressing and recorded using a pain rating scale.

[0113] Calf swelling level: Assess and record the degree of calf swelling using a swelling rating scale.

[0114] Duration of edema: Record the specific times when edema appears and subsides to understand the periodicity and persistence of edema.

[0115] Weight: Measure your weight regularly to monitor for any weight gain associated with edema.

[0116] Urine output: Record daily urine output to assess kidney function and fluid balance.

[0117] Blood pressure: Measure and record blood pressure to understand the condition of the circulatory system.

[0118] Medication use: Record the use of all medications, especially diuretics and anticoagulants. Lifestyle record: Record diet, exercise, sleep, and fluid intake, and assess their impact on edema.

[0119] Other symptoms: Record any other symptoms, such as difficulty breathing, chest pain, etc., and assess possible complications.

[0120] The scale data obtained or provided by the medical terminal 100 are as follows.

[0121] Blood D-dimer level: Tested by drawing blood and provided to healthcare terminal 100 or obtained by it via the HIS system to assess the risk of thrombosis.

[0122] Ultrasound examination results: obtained from the HIS system by the medical terminal 100 to assess blood flow and the presence of thrombi.

[0123] Electrocardiogram (ECG): The ECG recorded in the HIS system is obtained by the medical terminal 100 to assess cardiac function and blood circulation.

[0124] In this embodiment, which uses unilateral lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) monitoring as an example, to determine the patient's DVT emergency risk, the healthcare terminal 100 will analyze the current scale data of the corresponding patient whose "temperature fluctuation exceeds the threshold" in emergency mode to urgently determine whether the healthcare terminal 100 should send a warning signal to the corresponding patient terminal 200. In other words, in this embodiment, in addition to the subscription mode, the corresponding patient terminal 200 can also send an emergency tag indicating an emergency to the healthcare terminal 100 to prompt the healthcare terminal 100 to provide emergency care for the current patient, including obtaining all scale data from the current patient terminal 200 for emergency analysis.

[0125] In this embodiment, the patient terminal 200 continuously records and analyzes the skin temperature of distal limbs with a high risk of thrombosis, such as the sole of the foot, measured by the lower limb temperature detection unit 402, and the temperature difference between the skin temperature and the corresponding patient's core temperature. The patient terminal 200 analyzes and determines the rate of change of the temperature difference over time (i.e., the first temperature difference fluctuation rate). When the rate of change of the temperature difference exceeds the first temperature difference fluctuation rate range preset by the medical terminal 100, the patient terminal 200 provides the patient with a prompt indicating an emergency so that the patient can reconfirm the first emergency based on at least one other scale data, or directly send an emergency tag indicating an emergency to the medical terminal 100.

[0126] In this embodiment, the first temperature difference fluctuation rate is used to characterize the time-related change in the difference between distal and core temperatures, which indicates severe hemodynamic fluctuations in distal limbs with a high risk of thrombosis.

[0127] When the patient terminal 200 determines that the temperature fluctuation rate exceeds the preset first temperature difference range, the patient terminal 200 may also consider one of the following data as a basis for secondary confirmation in an emergency.

[0128] (1) The duration for which the patient’s distal skin temperature was below the preset distal temperature threshold exceeded the preset low temperature warning duration.

[0129] (2) The temperature difference between the distal skin of the patient's two limbs exceeded the preset second temperature difference fluctuation range;

[0130] (3) The absolute difference between the temperature difference between the distal end and the core of the affected limb and the temperature difference between the distal end and the core of the contralateral limb exceeds the preset third temperature difference fluctuation range.

[0131] (4) The patient has lower extremity pain with a high risk of thrombosis, especially tingling or burning pain.

[0132] The first temperature difference fluctuation rate can be defined as the rate of change of the difference between the distal temperature and the core temperature over time. Mathematically, this can be expressed as:

[0133]

[0134] Preferably, in order to monitor and compare the distal skin temperature of both limbs (affected limb and contralateral limb) and assess whether there are abnormal fluctuations, the following steps can be used to further analyze the temperature difference using second and third temperature difference fluctuation rate indices. The second temperature difference fluctuation rate range is used to determine whether the difference in distal skin temperature of both limbs exceeds a preset range; the third temperature difference fluctuation rate range is used to determine whether the absolute difference between the temperature difference between the distal and core of the affected limb and the temperature difference between the distal and core of the contralateral limb exceeds a preset range.

[0135] According to the present invention, the following temperatures are first collected:

[0136] Distal skin temperature:

[0137] Taistal_affected((t): Skin temperature of the distal part of the affected limb.

[0138] T distal_healthy (t): Skin temperature at the distal end of the contralateral limb.

[0139] Core temperature:

[0140] T core (t): Core body temperature.

[0141] In case (1), the temperature difference of the affected limb is calculated as follows:

[0142] ΔT affected (t)=T core (t)-T distal_affected (t).

[0143] Calculate the temperature difference of the contralateral limb as follows:

[0144] ΔT healthy (t)=T core (t)-T distal_healthy (t).

[0145] In case (2), the second temperature fluctuation rate is calculated as follows: compare the difference ΔT between the distal skin temperatures of the two limbs. difference (t)=T distal_affected (t)-T distal_healthy (t); and the third temperature difference fluctuation rate ΔT comparison (t)=ΔT affected (t)-ΔT healthy (t).

[0146] In case (3), determine whether the fluctuation range exceeds the threshold.

[0147] Regarding the second temperature difference fluctuation rate:

[0148] If |ΔT difference If (t)|> the preset second temperature difference fluctuation range, it indicates the presence of abnormal fluctuations, which may reflect abnormal hemodynamics of the affected limb.

[0149] Regarding the third temperature difference fluctuation rate:

[0150] If |ΔT comparison If (t)|>the preset range of temperature difference fluctuation, it indicates that there is a significant difference in hemodynamics between the affected limb and the contralateral limb.

[0151] According to one example of the invention, the second temperature fluctuation range is set to ±1.5°C and the third temperature fluctuation range is set to ±2°C, for example.

[0152] Temperature acquisition:

[0153] T core (t) = 37℃;

[0154] T distal_affected (t) = 29℃;

[0155] T distal_healthy (t) = 32℃.

[0156] Calculate the temperature difference:

[0157] ΔT affected (t) = 37 - 29 = 8℃;

[0158] ΔT healthy (t) = 37 - 32 = 5℃.

[0159] Calculate the temperature fluctuation rate:

[0160] ΔT difference (t) = 29 - 32 = -3℃;

[0161] ΔT comparison (t)=8-5=3℃.

[0162] determination:

[0163] |ΔT difference (t)|=3℃, exceeding the preset second temperature difference fluctuation range, indicating an anomaly.

[0164] |ΔT comparison (t)|=3℃, exceeding the preset third temperature difference fluctuation range, indicating a significant difference between the affected limb and the contralateral limb.

[0165] Under healthy hemodynamic conditions, the difference between distal and core temperatures is typically stable with minimal temperature fluctuations. Normal thermoregulation maintains core temperature stability, while distal temperature varies somewhat due to environmental and local blood flow influences, but without drastic fluctuations. In cases of blood flow obstruction and thrombosis, thrombosis leads to local blood flow blockage, reducing blood supply to the distal limb and causing a drop in distal temperature. If hemodynamics change drastically within a short period (e.g., partial detachment of a thrombus causing a brief restoration of blood flow followed by re-obstruction), distal temperature may fluctuate significantly. In such cases, the temperature fluctuation rate may increase significantly, reflecting blood flow instability in the distal limb. By calculating and comparing the difference between distal skin temperature and core temperature in both limbs, it is possible to effectively assess whether distal temperature fluctuations exceed a preset range, thereby determining the presence of a high risk of thrombosis or hemodynamic abnormalities. This method provides a tool for quantitatively assessing blood flow status, suitable for clinical monitoring and early warning.

[0166] Therefore, in the event that the patient terminal 200 manually or automatically reconfirms an emergency, the patient terminal 200 provides the patient with a prompt indicating an emergency and directly sends an emergency tag indicating a second emergency to the medical terminal 100. This prompt is specifically used to trigger an emergency call. At this time, in response to receiving the emergency tag indicating a second emergency, the medical terminal 100 sends an emergency case notification to the relevant medical institution. Through the above-described application scenario of this invention, the system of this invention not only achieves seamless connection between medical institutions and home care, ensuring that patients receive continuous and professional nursing guidance during their post-discharge recovery period, but also improves the safety of nursing care through the intelligent hierarchical emergency mechanism of this invention.

[0167] Throughout this document, the features indicated by "preferred" are merely optional and should not be construed as mandatory. Therefore, the applicant reserves the right to abandon or delete the relevant preferred features at any time. Furthermore, the above embodiments can be combined with each other as long as there are no contradictions. For example, the method described in Embodiment 3 can also constitute part of the system described in Embodiment 1 and the medical sample database described in Embodiment 2. For instance, the difference between the distal temperature and the core temperature involved is not only collected and executed by the system hardware but is also an important item in the database. Similar examples also involve data interaction, prompts, or the sending and receiving of operation instructions between the patient terminal 200 and the medical terminal 100.

[0168] It should be noted that the specific embodiments described above are exemplary. Those skilled in the art can devise various solutions inspired by the disclosure of this invention, and these solutions all fall within the scope of this invention and its protection. Those skilled in the art should understand that this specification and its accompanying drawings are illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the claims. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents. This specification contains multiple inventive concepts; terms such as "preferredly," "according to a preferred embodiment," or "optionally" indicate that the corresponding paragraph discloses an independent concept. The applicant reserves the right to file divisional applications based on each inventive concept.

Claims

1. A system for preventing deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities, comprising: Medical terminal (100) is used for medical staff to input patient personal information and medical condition information; At least one nursing device (300) for performing nursing procedures on a patient; and At least one patient terminal (200) is data-connected to the medical terminal (100) for allowing the patient to input scale data related to deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities, and for controlling at least one of the nursing devices (300) bound to the patient terminal (200). Its features are, The patient terminal (200) is able to feed back the scale data of the patient related to deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities and the lower extremity care instructions of the care device (300) related to the scale data to the medical care terminal (100) located in the medical institution. The lower extremity care instructions are intended to be approved by the medical care terminal (100) and sent by the patient terminal (200) to at least one of the care devices (300) bound to it. After obtaining scale data related to deep vein thrombosis in a patient's lower extremities, the medical terminal (100) retrieves and analyzes sample cases of preventing deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities to formulate, confirm or update the patient's current personalized preventive care plan based on the obtained scale data related to the corresponding patient, and sends the preventive care plan to the patient terminal (200) in the form of lower extremity care instructions. The patient terminal (200) acquires lower limb circumference data and / or lower limb temperature data related to the patient's condition by means of at least one monitoring device (400) connected to it, and the patient terminal (200) provides the medical terminal (100) with scale data including lower limb circumference data and / or lower limb temperature data by subscription, so that the medical terminal (100) can also formulate, confirm or update a personalized preventive care plan for the current patient based on changes in lower limb circumference data and / or lower limb temperature data, so that the nursing device (300) can execute the updated corresponding lower limb care instructions; The patient terminal (200) uses at least one monitoring device (400) to acquire the patient's core body temperature and the skin temperature of at least one distal lower extremity, and the patient terminal (200) determines the temperature fluctuation rate based on the corresponding patient's core body temperature and the skin temperature of at least one distal lower extremity, so as to determine the risk of at least one DVT formation. The patient terminal (200) can respond to the patient's operation by switching from a subscription mode centered on home care to a real-time feedback mode centered on telemedicine. When the medical terminal (100) determines, based on scale data acquired during the first subscription period, that a patient's risk of DVT formation or worsening exceeds a preset threshold, it sends a first warning signal to the patient's terminal (200). Upon receiving the first warning signal, the patient terminal (200) can switch from a subscription mode centered on home care to a real-time feedback mode centered on telemedicine; or... The patient terminal (200) can respond to a situation where the rate of change of the time-related temperature difference exceeds the temperature fluctuation range preset by the medical terminal (100), and send an emergency tag indicating an emergency and the current scale data of the corresponding patient to the medical terminal (100) to prompt the medical terminal (100) to analyze the current scale data of the corresponding patient with "temperature fluctuation exceeding the threshold" in emergency mode, so as to urgently determine whether the medical terminal (100) should send a second warning signal to the corresponding patient terminal (200).

2. The system for preventing deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities according to claim 1, characterized in that, When developing, confirming or updating the current patient's personalized preventive care plan, the medical terminal (100) queries the medical sample database for sample cases of preventing deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities similar to the current patient based on the scale data obtained by the patient terminal (200), and selects at least one sample case that meets the current patient's expected treatment effect based on the similar sample cases. Based on the sample case that meets the current patient's expected treatment effect, the medical terminal (100) develops, confirms or updates the current personalized preventive care plan for the patient, and sends the preventive care plan to the patient terminal (200) in the form of the lower extremity care instruction.

3. The system for preventing deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower limb care instructions are formulated, confirmed, or updated by the medical terminal (100) based on the scale data provided by the patient terminal (200) and the scale data obtained by the medical terminal (100) from the HIS system or otherwise provided. The patient terminal (200) controls the nursing device (300) to perform nursing operations according to the received lower limb nursing instructions. In response to the received lower limb nursing instructions, the patient terminal (200) controls the nursing device (300) to perform at least a number of preventive nursing programs to address at least one condition of the corresponding patient in a home care environment.

4. The system for preventing deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities according to claim 2, characterized in that, The medical terminal (100) filters similar medical records from a preset medical sample database accessible to the medical terminal (100) based on the current patient's scores on various scales and / or the current patient's physiological and pathological information, and updates the preventive care plan based at least on the rehabilitation effect of similar medical records, so as to confirm or update the preventive care plan, and sends the updated preventive care plan to the patient terminal (200), so that the lower limb care instructions executed by the nursing device (300) are updated with the rehabilitation effect determined in relation to the current patient's scale data as the target effect.

5. The system for preventing deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities according to claim 4, characterized in that, The medical terminal (100) queries the medical sample database for sample cases with similar recovery trends to the current patient based on the nursing effect reported by the patient through the patient terminal (200) after the nursing operation is performed by the nursing device (300) or the nursing effect determined by the nursing device (300) based on the physiological data of the patient obtained by the monitoring device (400). The preventive nursing plan adopted by the sample cases with similar recovery trends is used to update the preventive nursing plan of the current patient.

6. The system for preventing deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities according to claim 1, characterized in that, In response to receiving the emergency tag, the healthcare terminal (100) sends an update to the patient terminal (200) of the current patient-specific preventive care plan, which includes canceling the lower limb care instruction, or the healthcare terminal (100) refuses to approve a lower limb care instruction intended to be sent by the patient terminal (200) to at least one of the care devices (300) bound to it.

7. The system for preventing deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the medical terminal (100) formulates, confirms or updates the current personalized care plan for a patient, the scale data of the patient received in subscription or real-time mode is labeled in the medical sample database in a manner related to the personalized care plan of the patient, so that the medical sample database becomes a standardized training set.

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