A method of promoting shoot growth to reduce the incidence of high temperature yellowing and disease spotting in macadamia nuts

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of methods for reducing the incidence of high temperature yellowing and disease spot of macadamia, comprising the following steps: natural grass between the rows of macadamia trees, or interplanting short economic crops;During the period of May to June, each tree is applied with a fertilizer comprising potassium fulvate and potassium sulfate;During the period of June to September, alternately spray fungicide and promote 1-2 times of shoot liquid;Carry out suitable water management.The application combines the use of improving soil environment, preventing the growth of pathogenic bacteria, promoting branch and shoot maturity, etc., to protect the tender shoots and new leaves during the summer shoot sprouting period, reduce the occurrence of high temperature yellowing, disease spot and leaf fall, etc., of the fruit trees, thereby better ensuring the normal growth of the fruit trees and the normal development of the fruits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of macadamia cultivation technology, and in particular to a method for promoting shoot growth in macadamia cultivation to reduce the incidence of yellowing and lesions caused by high temperatures. Background Technology

[0002] Macadamia nuts, also known as Hawaiian nuts, are among the world's most prized edible nuts. Rich in unsaturated fatty acids, protein, various vitamins, and amino acids, they are delicious and nutritious, earning them the title of "Queen of Nuts." A subtropical evergreen fruit tree, they originated in Australia. While macadamia nuts have been cultivated in my country for nearly a century, commercial cultivation only began in the 1980s. Due to their high economic value and promising market prospects, macadamia nuts have experienced rapid growth in my country. However, in recent years, with the continuous expansion of macadamia nut cultivation, some problems have emerged. For example, during the high-temperature season from June to September, some macadamia nut varieties, especially some varieties like Gui Re No. 1 and 508, experience slow growth when temperatures exceed 30℃. If temperatures exceed 33℃, some varieties may exhibit high-temperature yellowing, disease spots, and leaf drop, affecting fruit development and the normal growth of the tree. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a method for promoting shoot growth in macadamia nuts to reduce the incidence of yellowing and lesions caused by high temperatures.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A method for promoting shoot growth in macadamia nuts to reduce the incidence of yellowing and lesions due to high temperatures includes the following steps:

[0006] Macadamia nut trees can be allowed to grow grass naturally between rows, or intercropped with low-growing cash crops to avoid leaving the rows bare.

[0007] During May and June, apply the following fertilizer to each fruit tree: 50-80g of micronutrient fertilizer, 40-70g of potassium humate, 80-130g of diammonium phosphate, 120-160g of potassium sulfate, 40-60g of zinc sulfate, 80-130g of slaked lime, and 5.0-7.5kg of organic fertilizer containing Bacillus subtilis.

[0008] From June to September, spray macadamia trees with an alternating application of 800-1000 times diluted bactericide solution, with an interval of 10-15 days between sprays; spray with a shoot-promoting solution 1-2 times, the shoot-promoting solution consisting of the following components: 1000-1200 times diluted seaweed extract polypeptide, 1200-1500 times diluted Yuhualing No. 2, 1500-2000 times diluted brassinolide, 0.05-0.30wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 600-800 times diluted Aishida leaf film type plant sunscreen, and 0.10-0.15wt% calcium hydroxide solution; and perform appropriate water management.

[0009] Furthermore, proper water management specifically includes timely irrigation or spraying to regulate soil moisture in the orchard and maintain soil moisture content above 75%.

[0010] Furthermore, the bactericidal solution is prepared using at least one of the bactericidal agents: carbendazim, imazalil, thiophanate-methyl, and difenoconazole.

[0011] Furthermore, the spraying method of the bactericide is as follows: spray macadamia trees with an 800-1000 times dilution of anthracnose mancozeb; spray macadamia trees with an 800-1000 times dilution of prochloraz and difenoconazole; spray macadamia trees with an 800-1000 times dilution of thiophanate-methyl and difenoconazole; repeat the above spraying operation once, with the first spraying interval being 10-12 days and the second spraying interval being 13-15 days.

[0012] Furthermore, in a solution of prochloraz and difenoconazole at a dilution of 800-1000 times, the mass ratio of prochloraz to difenoconazole is 1:0.6-1.6.

[0013] Furthermore, in a solution of thiophanate-methyl and difenoconazole at a dilution of 800-1000 times, the mass ratio of thiophanate-methyl to difenoconazole is 1-7:1.

[0014] Furthermore, the dosage of the shoot-promoting solution for each fruit tree per spray is as follows: 0.8-1.2L of 1000-1200 times diluted seaweed extract polypeptide, 0.5-1.0L of 1200-1500 times diluted Yuhualing No. 2, 0.3-0.6L of 1500-2000 times diluted brassinolide, 0.4-0.6L of 0.05-0.30wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.8-1.2L of 600-800 times diluted Aishida leaf film type plant sunscreen, and 0.3-0.4L of 0.10-0.15wt% calcium hydroxide solution.

[0015] Furthermore, the dwarf cash crop is patchouli, soybean, or peanut.

[0016] Furthermore, when using naturally growing grass, attention should be paid to removing noxious and competing weeds, such as cogongrass.

[0017] The above-described methods for promoting shoot growth and reducing the incidence of yellowing and lesions in macadamia nuts due to high temperatures have the following advantages:

[0018] (1) The present invention is designed to avoid the bareness between rows, which can effectively reduce the loss of soil moisture. When fertilizing in autumn or winter, weeds or short-stalked cash crops can be used to cover the soil, thereby increasing the soil organic matter content and improving soil fertility.

[0019] (2) During May and June, combine the rational use of potassium fertilizer to enhance the stress resistance of nuts. At the same time, use organic fertilizer containing Bacillus subtilis to improve soil aggregate structure, promote root respiration, ensure healthy growth of fruit trees, and ensure normal transport of nutrients.

[0020] (3) During the high temperature period from June to September, diseases such as anthracnose and leaf spot are prone to infect tender shoots or leaves. This invention uses different combinations of fungicides to prevent the growth of various pathogens during the summer shoot emergence period, so as to minimize the damage of pathogens to fruit trees and ensure the normal growth of fruit trees.

[0021] (4) During the summer shoot emergence period, the present invention also uses a shoot-promoting liquid to promote the maturation of branches and shoots and form a protective film on the leaf surface to reduce the direct damage of sunlight to the leaves, protect the antioxidant defense system of the fruit tree, and improve the stress resistance of the fruit tree.

[0022] (5) This invention combines methods such as improving the soil environment, preventing the growth of pathogens, and promoting the maturation of branches and shoots to protect the tender shoots and new leaves that emerge during the summer shoot growth period, and reduce the occurrence of high temperature yellowing, disease spots and leaf drop in fruit trees, thereby better ensuring the normal growth of fruit trees and the normal development of fruits. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a photo of a macadamia tree after processing in Example 1.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a photo of a macadamia tree after processing in Example 2.

[0025] Figure 3 Macadamia trees treated as comparative example 1.

[0026] Figure 4 The macadamia nut trees were treated as in Comparative Example 2.

[0027] Figure 5 Macadamia trees treated in Comparative Example 3. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The experiment in this embodiment was conducted in Nanning in 2023. Each embodiment and comparative example selected 1 mu (approximately 0.16 acres) of macadamia trees ("Guire No. 1" variety, 6 years old) for the experiment, with approximately 22-25 trees planted per mu. The growth of macadamia trees in the 6th year was investigated. The organic fertilizer containing Bacillus subtilis used in this embodiment was Xinfangxiang Bio-organic Fertilizer, and the micronutrient fertilizer was a calcium-magnesium-boron-zinc-iron micronutrient fertilizer produced by Hebei Rongheng Fertilizer Co., Ltd., with calcium + magnesium ≥ 0.5%.

[0029] 100g / L.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] Macadamia nut trees can be allowed to grow grass naturally between rows, or intercropped with low-growing cash crops to avoid leaving the rows bare.

[0032] During May and June, apply the following fertilizer to each fruit tree: 60g of micronutrient fertilizer, 50g of potassium humate, 100g of diammonium phosphate, 150g of potassium sulfate, 50g of zinc sulfate, 100g of slaked lime, and 6.5kg of organic fertilizer containing Bacillus subtilis.

[0033] From June to September, alternately spray macadamia trees with fungicides, specifically: spray macadamia trees with 900 times diluted carbendazim; spray macadamia trees with 900 times diluted prochloraz and difenoconazole, with a mass ratio of prochloraz and difenoconazole of 1:1; spray macadamia trees with 900 times diluted thiophanate-methyl and difenoconazole, with a mass ratio of thiophanate-methyl and difenoconazole of 7:1. Each time, the amount of fungicide used should be enough to spray until the leaves drip water. Repeat the above spraying operation once, with an interval of 10 days between the first spraying and 15 days between the second spraying. Apply the shoot-promoting solution twice. The solution consists of: 1.0L of 1200x dilution of seaweed extract polypeptide, 0.8L of 1200x dilution of Yuhualing No. 2, 0.5L of 1800x dilution of brassinolide, 0.5L of 0.20wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.0L of 800x dilution of Aishida leaf membrane plant sunscreen, and 0.3L of 0.13wt% calcium hydroxide solution. Irrigate or spray water as needed to regulate soil moisture and maintain soil humidity above 75%.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] Macadamia nut trees can be allowed to grow grass naturally between rows, or intercropped with low-growing cash crops to avoid leaving the rows bare.

[0036] During May and June, apply the following fertilizer to each fruit tree: 50g of micronutrient fertilizer, 70g of potassium humate, 120g of diammonium phosphate, 150g of potassium sulfate, 60g of zinc sulfate, 120g of slaked lime, and 6kg of organic fertilizer containing Bacillus subtilis.

[0037] From June to September, alternately spray macadamia trees with fungicides, specifically: spray macadamia trees with 800 times diluted carbendazim; spray macadamia trees with 800 times diluted prochloraz and difenoconazole, with a mass ratio of prochloraz to difenoconazole of 1:0.6; spray macadamia trees with 800 times diluted thiophanate-methyl and difenoconazole, with a mass ratio of thiophanate-methyl to difenoconazole of 1:1. Each time, the amount of fungicide used should be enough to spray until the leaves drip water. Repeat the above spraying operation once, with an interval of 12 days between the first spraying and 15 days between the second spraying. Spray the shoot-promoting solution once. The shoot-promoting solution consists of the following components: 1.2L of 1200x dilution of seaweed extract polypeptide, 1.0L of 1200x dilution of Yuhualing No. 2, 0.6L of 1500x dilution of brassinolide, 0.6L of 0.30wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.2L of 600x dilution of Aishida leaf membrane plant sunscreen, and 0.3L of 0.15wt% calcium hydroxide solution. Irrigate or spray water as needed to regulate soil moisture in the orchard and maintain soil moisture content above 75%.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] Macadamia nut trees can be allowed to grow grass naturally between rows, or intercropped with low-growing cash crops to avoid leaving the rows bare.

[0040] During May and June, apply the following fertilizer to each fruit tree: 60g of micronutrient fertilizer, 50g of potassium humate, 100g of diammonium phosphate, 150g of potassium sulfate, 50g of zinc sulfate, 100g of slaked lime, and 6.5kg of organic fertilizer containing Bacillus subtilis.

[0041] From June to September, alternately spray macadamia trees with fungicides, specifically: 800 times diluted carbendazim; 800 times diluted prochloraz; 1000 times diluted difenoconazole; 800 times diluted thiophanate-methyl; 800 times diluted difenoconazole; and 800 times diluted prochloraz. Each application should be enough to spray until the leaves are dripping wet, with a 13-day interval between applications. Apply the shoot-promoting solution twice. The solution consists of: 1.0L of 1200x dilution of seaweed extract polypeptide, 0.8L of 1200x dilution of Yuhualing No. 2, 0.5L of 1800x dilution of brassinolide, 0.5L of 0.20wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.0L of 800x dilution of Aishida leaf membrane plant sunscreen, and 0.3L of 0.15wt% calcium hydroxide solution. Irrigate or spray water as needed to regulate soil moisture and maintain soil humidity above 75%.

[0042] Example 4

[0043] Macadamia nut trees can be allowed to grow grass naturally between rows, or intercropped with low-growing cash crops to avoid leaving the rows bare.

[0044] During May and June, apply the following fertilizer to each fruit tree: 60g of micronutrient fertilizer, 50g of potassium humate, 100g of diammonium phosphate, 150g of potassium sulfate, 50g of zinc sulfate, 100g of slaked lime, and 7kg of organic fertilizer containing Bacillus subtilis.

[0045] From June to September, alternately spray macadamia trees with fungicides, specifically: spray macadamia trees with a 900-fold dilution of prochloraz and difenoconazole (mass ratio of prochloraz to difenoconazole: 1:1); spray macadamia trees with a 900-fold dilution of thiophanate-methyl and difenoconazole (mass ratio of thiophanate-methyl to difenoconazole: 7:1). Each time, spray until the leaves are dripping wet. Repeat the above spraying operation twice, with an interval of 10 days between the first spraying, 13 days between the second spraying, and 15 days between the third spraying. Apply the shoot-promoting solution twice. The solution consists of: 1.0L of 1200x dilution of seaweed extract polypeptide, 0.8L of 1200x dilution of Yuhualing No. 2, 0.5L of 1800x dilution of brassinolide, 0.5L of 0.20wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.0L of 800x dilution of Aishida leaf membrane plant sunscreen, and 0.3L of 0.13wt% calcium hydroxide solution. Irrigate or spray water as needed to regulate soil moisture and maintain soil humidity above 75%.

[0046] Comparative Example 1

[0047] Grass grows naturally between the rows of macadamia trees to prevent them from being bare.

[0048] Apply 1 kg of NPK compound fertilizer and 6.5 kg of organic fertilizer in July.

[0049] Regulate the soil moisture in the orchard and maintain the soil moisture content above 75%.

[0050] Comparative Example 2

[0051] Comparative Example 2 is basically the same as Example 1, but without the use of shoot-promoting solution.

[0052] Comparative Example 3

[0053] Comparative Example 3 is basically the same as Example 1, but without the use of bactericidal solution.

[0054] After treatment in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3, various indicators of macadamia trees were investigated in early October, such as... Figure 1-5 As shown, the macadamia trees treated in Examples 1, 2, and 1-3 are respectively. The yellowing rate of young shoots was significantly reduced in macadamia trees treated in Examples 1 and 2. Specific statistical data are shown in Tables 1-3. The yield of macadamia trees was investigated at harvest time, and the results are shown in Table 4.

[0055] Table 1. Effects of different treatments on shoot emergence

[0056]

[0057] Table 2 Effects of different treatments on the activity of young shoot leaves

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] Table 3 Effects of different treatments on chlorophyll content in tender shoot leaves

[0061] deal with SPAD Chlorophyll B content (mg / g) Example 1 49.0 0.57 Example 2 47.3 0.53 Example 3 41.3 0.40 Example 4 45.1 0.48 Comparative Example 1 21.1 0.08 Comparative Example 2 29.7 0.21 Comparative Example 3 24.5 0.18

[0062] Table 4. Effects of different treatments on fresh fruit yield

[0063]

Claims

1. A method of reducing the incidence of high temperature yellowing and disease spotting in macadamia nut trees by promoting the growth of new shoots, characterised by The method comprises the following steps: The natural grass is grown between the rows of the macadamia nut trees, or the short-stalk economic crops are interplanted between the rows of the macadamia nut trees, so as to avoid the bare land between the rows of the macadamia nut trees; During the period from May to June, the fertilizer is applied to each tree, and the fertilizer comprises 50-80 g of medium and trace element fertilizer, 40-70 g of potassium fulvate, 80-130 g of diammonium phosphate, 120-160 g of potassium sulfate, 40-60 g of zinc sulfate, 80-130 g of lime, and 5.0-7.5 kg of biological agent organic fertilizer containing bacillus subtilis; During the period from June to September, 800-1000 times of different fungicides are alternately used to spray the macadamia nut trees, and the spraying interval is 10-15 days; the fungicide is prepared by using at least one of the fungicides of carbendazim, prochloraz, thiophanate-methyl and difenoconazole; and the spraying method of the fungicide is that 800-1000 times of carbendazim liquid is used to spray the macadamia nut trees, 800-1000 times of prochloraz and difenoconazole liquid is used to spray the macadamia nut trees, 800-1000 times of thiophanate-methyl and difenoconazole liquid is used to spray the macadamia nut trees, the above spraying operation is repeated once, the interval of the first spraying is 10-12 days, and the interval of the second spraying is 13-15 days; The shoot promoting liquid is sprayed 1-2 times, the shoot promoting liquid comprises 1000-1200 times of alginin polypeptide liquid, 1200-1500 times of yuhu ling No. 2 liquid, 1500-2000 times of brassinolide liquid, 0.05-0.30 wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 600-800 times of ai shida leaf membrane type plant sunscreen liquid, and 0.10-0.15 wt% of calcium hydroxide solution; and suitable water management is performed.

2. The shoot promoting cultivation method for reducing the high-temperature yellowing and the incidence of disease spots of the macadamia nut according to claim 1, characterized in that: The suitable water management specifically comprises timely watering or spraying, adjusting the soil moisture of the orchard, and keeping the soil moisture humidity above 75%.

3. The shoot promoting cultivation method for reducing the high-temperature yellowing and the incidence of disease spots of the macadamia nut according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the 800-1000 times of prochloraz and difenoconazole liquid, the mass ratio of prochloraz to difenoconazole is 1:0.6-1.

6.

4. The shoot promoting cultivation method for reducing the high-temperature yellowing and the incidence of disease spots of the macadamia nut according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the 800-1000 times of thiophanate-methyl and difenoconazole liquid, the mass ratio of thiophanate-methyl to difenoconazole is 1-7:

1.

5. The shoot promoting cultivation method for reducing the high-temperature yellowing and the incidence of disease spots of the macadamia nut according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of the shoot promoting liquid sprayed to each tree each time is 0.8-1.2 L of 1000-1200 times of alginin polypeptide liquid, 0.5-1.0 L of 1200-1500 times of yuhu ling No. 2 liquid, 0.3-0.6 L of 1500-2000 times of brassinolide liquid, 0.4-0.6 L of 0.05-0.30 wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.8-1.2 L of 600-800 times of ai shida leaf membrane type plant sunscreen liquid, and 0.3-0.4 L of 0.10-0.15 wt% of calcium hydroxide solution.

Images